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Song DK, Hong YS, Sung YA, Lee H. Waist circumference and mortality or cardiovascular events in a general Korean population. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267597. [PMID: 35476723 PMCID: PMC9045645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with cardiovascular diseases and is a risk factor for all-cause mortality. Until now, the associations between abdominal obesity and mortality or cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence have not been conclusive. We aimed to evaluate the associations between waist circumference (WC) and mortality or CVD incidence in a general Korean population. Methods We analyzed a total of 204,068 adults older than 40 years of age who had undergone a national health examination at least once from 2009 to 2018 in the Korean National Health Insurance Service Cohort. WC was divided into five categories (< 80, 80–84.9, 85–89.9, 90–94.9, ≥ 95 cm). Hazard ratios for death and CVD incidence were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results In men, WC and overall mortality showed a reverse J-shaped association. In women, the association between WC and overall mortality was not significant. For both men and women, WC was not associated with the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Contrary to the mortality trend, CVD incidence was positively associated with WC in both men and women, and the risk of the CVD incidence was the lowest in subjects with a WC < 80 cm. Conclusions WC exhibited a significant J-shaped association with overall mortality in men, where subjects who had central obesity showed a lower rate of mortality than those in the lowest or highest WC group. The risk of incident CVD showed a positive association with central obesity, where the lowest risk was observed for subjects in the lowest WC group in a general Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Kyeong Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sun Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ah Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Miyamoto Y, Itaya T, Terasawa Y, Kohriyama T. Association between the Suita Score and Stroke Recurrence in Patients with First-ever Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study. Intern Med 2022; 61:773-780. [PMID: 35296620 PMCID: PMC8987243 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7905-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The Suita score is used to predict the 10-year prognosis of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). This study examined the association between the Suita score and stroke recurrence within one year in Japanese patients who experienced first-ever ischemic stroke. Methods This prospective cohort study at a stroke center in Japan included patients who experienced first-ever acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or a transient ischemic attack (TIA). During hospitalization, the Suita score was measured as the main exposure. Patients with a ≥5% predicted CHD risk were classified into the high-risk group. The primary outcome was stroke recurrence within one year of the stroke onset. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted and adjusted for confounding and prognostic factors. Results Among the 1,204 patients evaluated, 937 (78%) were classified as having a high risk of developing CHD. Stroke recurrence was observed in 66 patients during the follow-up period. In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounding and prognostic factors, such as non-small vessel occlusion and prescription of lipid-lowering agents at the time of discharge, a ≥5% predicted CHD risk was associated with the 1-year stroke recurrence after the initial onset [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) =2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.00-4.91, p=0.049; adjusted HR=2.00, 95% CI=1.01-4.14, p=0.048; adjusted HR=0.42, 95% CI=0.24-0.73, p=0.002]. Conclusion The Suita score, adapted for use in ischemic stroke with the same mechanism, correlated with the short-term recurrence within one year. Our findings suggest that the Suita score may be useful for predicting the long-term prognosis of developing CHD as well as the short-term recurrence for patients with first-ever AIS and TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital, Japan
| | - Takahiro Itaya
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yuka Terasawa
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kohriyama
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital, Japan
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Kuzuya M. Nutritional status related to poor health outcomes in older people: Which is better, obese or lean? Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 21:5-13. [PMID: 33200583 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Good nutritional status is crucial for maintaining growth and health in all stages of life. However, the relationship between nutritional status and health and the effect on various health-related outcomes differ, depending on the life stage. Many adverse outcomes in older adults, directly linked to different nutritional status, are not present in middle-aged adults, and their ideal nutritional status may differ. This article will review the optimal nutritional status, mainly evaluated by anthropometric measurements such as body mass index, for older adults from various perspectives. Overall, in older adults low body mass index is at higher risk of health problems such as mortality and difficulties in physical functioning compared with middle-aged adults, reducing the risk of health problems for overweight and (abdominal) obesity. Overweight may be more beneficial than lower level of normal weight in older-old and vulnerable older people. While, with or without obesity, skeletal muscle loss or weakness as well as unintentional weight loss induces health problems in older adults. The impact of metabolic syndrome on the prognosis of older adults is clearly reduced compared with middle-aged adults, requiring a shift in medical attention in older adults from metabolic syndrome to frailty. There are still many unclear points regarding the optimal nutritional status of older people, and further research is needed to support healthy longevity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 5-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Ishida Y, Yoshida D, Honda T, Hirakawa Y, Shibata M, Sakata S, Furuta Y, Oishi E, Hata J, Kitazono T, Ninomiya T. Influence of the Accumulation of Unhealthy Eating Habits on Obesity in a General Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3160. [PMID: 33081125 PMCID: PMC7602721 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the association between the accumulation of unhealthy eating habits and the likelihood of obesity or central obesity in a general Japanese population. We examined this association in a sample of 1906 community-dwelling Japanese subjects (age: 40-74 years) who participated in a health check-up in 2014. A face-to-face questionnaire interview was conducted to collect information about three unhealthy eating habits, i.e., snacking, eating quickly, and eating late-evening meals. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 and central obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥90 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women. The odds ratios (OR) were estimated by using a logistic regression analysis. Subjects with any one of the three eating habits had a significantly higher likelihood of obesity than those without that habit after adjusting for confounding factors. The multivariable-adjusted OR for obesity increased linearly with an increase in the number of accumulated unhealthy eating habits (p for trend < 0.001). Similar associations were observed for central obesity. Our findings suggest that modifying each unhealthy eating habit and avoiding an accumulation of multiple unhealthy eating habits might be important to reduce the likelihood of obesity.
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Grants
- JP16H02692 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP17H04126 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP18H02737 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP19H03863 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP18K07565 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP18K09412 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP19K07890 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP20K10503 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP20K11020 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP18K17925 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP19K23971 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20FA1002 Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
- JP20dk0207025 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20km0405202 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20fk0108075 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishida
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (E.O.); (J.H.); (T.N.)
| | - Daigo Yoshida
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (E.O.); (J.H.); (T.N.)
| | - Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (E.O.); (J.H.); (T.N.)
| | - Yoichiro Hirakawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (E.O.); (J.H.); (T.N.)
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Mao Shibata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (E.O.); (J.H.); (T.N.)
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (E.O.); (J.H.); (T.N.)
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Furuta
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (E.O.); (J.H.); (T.N.)
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Emi Oishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (E.O.); (J.H.); (T.N.)
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (E.O.); (J.H.); (T.N.)
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (E.O.); (J.H.); (T.N.)
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Jayedi A, Soltani S, Zargar MS, Khan TA, Shab-Bidar S. Central fatness and risk of all cause mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 72 prospective cohort studies. BMJ 2020; 370:m3324. [PMID: 32967840 PMCID: PMC7509947 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association of indices of central obesity, including waist circumference, hip circumference, thigh circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-thigh ratio, body adiposity index, and A body shape index, with the risk of all cause mortality in the general population, and to clarify the shape of the dose-response relations. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Scopus from inception to July 2019, and the reference lists of all related articles and reviews. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Prospective cohort studies reporting the risk estimates of all cause mortality across at least three categories of indices of central fatness. Studies that reported continuous estimation of the associations were also included. DATA SYNTHESIS A random effects dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to assess linear trend estimations. A one stage linear mixed effects meta-analysis was used for estimating dose-response curves. RESULTS Of 98 745 studies screened, 1950 full texts were fully reviewed for eligibility. The final analyses consisted of 72 prospective cohort studies with 2 528 297 participants. The summary hazard ratios were as follows: waist circumference (10 cm, 3.94 inch increase): 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.13, I2=88%, n=50); hip circumference (10 cm, 3.94 inch increase): 0.90 (0.81 to 0.99, I2=95%, n=9); thigh circumference (5 cm, 1.97 inch increase): 0.82 (0.75 to 0.89, I2=54%, n=3); waist-to-hip ratio (0.1 unit increase): 1.20 (1.15 to 1.25, I2=90%, n=31); waist-to-height ratio (0.1 unit increase): 1.24 (1.12 to 1.36, I2=94%, n=11); waist-to-thigh ratio (0.1 unit increase): 1.21 (1.03 to 1.39, I2=97%, n=2); body adiposity index (10% increase): 1.17 (1.00 to 1.33, I2=75%, n=4); and A body shape index (0.005 unit increase): 1.15 (1.10 to 1.20, I2=87%, n=9). Positive associations persisted after accounting for body mass index. A nearly J shaped association was found between waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio and the risk of all cause mortality in men and women. A positive monotonic association was observed for waist-to-hip ratio and A body shape index. The association was U shaped for body adiposity index. CONCLUSIONS Indices of central fatness including waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-thigh ratio, body adiposity index, and A body shape index, independent of overall adiposity, were positively and significantly associated with a higher all cause mortality risk. Larger hip circumference and thigh circumference were associated with a lower risk. The results suggest that measures of central adiposity could be used with body mass index as a supplementary approach to determine the risk of premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jayedi
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155/6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Sadat Zargar
- Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Tauseef Ahmad Khan
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155/6117, Tehran, Iran
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Dwivedi AK, Dubey P, Cistola DP, Reddy SY. Association Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Updated Evidence from Meta-analysis Studies. Curr Cardiol Rep 2020; 22:25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-1273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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「高齢者肥満症診療ガイドライン2018」. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2018. [PMID: 30464154 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.55.g1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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Park CH, Do JG, Lee YT, Yoon KJ. Sarcopenic obesity associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in age and sex comparison: a two-center study in South Korea. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021232. [PMID: 30232104 PMCID: PMC6150137 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and sarcopenic obesity, and to determine age or sex differences underlying the relationship between hs-CRP and sarcopenic obesity. DESIGN Observational study. PARTICIPANTS The study included 237 838 participants whose body composition and hs-CRP were analysed at the two health promotion centres in South Korea. Participants were divided into four groups based on body composition: normal, obesity only, sarcopenia only and sarcopenic obesity. PRIMARY MEASURES The levels of hs-CRP and proportion of participants with high (≥1.0 mg/L) hs-CRP. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as subjects fulfilling the criteria for sarcopenia (below 2 SD of mean of Skeletal Muscle Mass Index for young adults) and obesity (waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women). RESULTS The level of hs-CRP was highest in the sarcopenic obesity group. Following adjustment for various confounders including age, sex, comorbidities, metabolic, health-related behaviour and demographic factors, the adjusted ORs (95% CI) for subjects with high hs-CRP associated with obesity, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity compared with normal group (reference) were 1.17 (1.05 to 1.31), 2.23 (1.21 to 4.07) and 3.23 (2.71 to 3.83), respectively. In age subgroup analyses, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the association of high hs-CRP with sarcopenic obesity was stronger in younger (<60 years) participants than in older (≥60 years) participants (p for interaction <0.001). In subgroup analyses for sex, the association of high hs-CRP with sarcopenic obesity was higher in female participants than in males (p for interaction <0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that high level of hs-CRP was independently associated with sarcopenic obesity in Korean population. We found for the first time that there was a strong association between increased hs-CRP and sarcopenic obesity in female and younger (<60 years) subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Geol Do
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Taek Lee
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jae Yoon
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
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Tanaka K, Sasai H, Wakaba K, Murakami S, Ueda M, Yamagata F, Sawada M, Takekoshi K. Professional dietary coaching within a group chat using a smartphone application for weight loss: a randomized controlled trial. J Multidiscip Healthc 2018; 11:339-347. [PMID: 30038502 PMCID: PMC6052929 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s165422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To test the effectiveness of professional dietary coaching via group chat using a smartphone application (app) for weight loss. Methods This study was a 12-week, assessor-blind, parallel-group, waitlist-controlled randomized trial that included a 4-week follow-up period (trial registration, UMIN000025340). Data were collected between October 2016 and May 2017 and were analyzed between July 2017 and January 2018. Participants were 112 overweight, obese, or abdominally obese Japanese adults, aged 20 to 64 years, with at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. Participants were randomized to the coaching group (n=75) or control group (n=37), with a ratio of 2:1. The coaching group received a commercial weight loss program characterizing dietary coaching by a certified nutrition professional via group chat delivered on a smartphone app. Participants posted photos of every meal into the group chat, and the certified professional gave immediate direct feedback and encouragement. The primary outcome was an 8-week weight change. Secondary outcomes included 8-week changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. The frequency of meal photo uploads was recorded as a measure of adherence. Results Of the 112 randomized participants, 93 (83.0%) and 81 (72.3%) completed 8-week and 12-week visits, respectively. Intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated significantly larger 8-week weight loss in the coaching group (−1.4 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.0, −0.8 kg) than that in the control group (−0.1 kg; 95% CI: −0.6, 0.4 kg). Significantly larger improvements in triglyceride and glycated hemoglobin A1c levels were also obtained in the coaching group. These benefits, except for the triglyceride level, were maintained until week 12. The frequent upload of meal photos was associated with a larger 8-week weight loss in a dose–response fashion (P-value for trend <0.001). Conclusion This smartphone-delivered commercial weight loss program characterized as dietary coaching via group chat resulted in modest but significant weight loss. Facilitating participants’ active involvement in the program is necessary to achieve greater health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoji Tanaka
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan, .,THF Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan,
| | - Hiroyuki Sasai
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyohsuke Wakaba
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shin Murakami
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Life Science Department, FiNC Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Ueda
- Life Science Department, FiNC Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Yamagata
- Genki Plaza Medical Center for Health Care, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Sawada
- Genki Plaza Medical Center for Health Care, Tokyo, Japan
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Sanada K, Chen R, Willcox B, Ohara T, Wen A, Takenaka C, Masaki K. Association of sarcopenic obesity predicted by anthropometric measurements and 24-y all-cause mortality in elderly men: The Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program. Nutrition 2017; 46:97-102. [PMID: 29290364 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between anthropometric measurements of sarcopenic obesity and all-cause mortality. METHODS The study included 2309 Japanese-American men ages 71 to 93 y. Mortality data were available for up to 24 y of follow-up. Sarcopenic obesity defined by three patterns of obesity indexes (body mass index [BMI], percent body fat [%BF] and waist circumference [WC]) and skeletal muscle index estimated by anthropometric measurements. RESULTS Of the 2309 participants, 2210 deaths were reported during the mean follow-up period of 11.7 y. Risk for death was significantly increased with sarcopenia after adjusting for baseline age, lifestyle variables, hypertension, diabetes, and cognitive scores (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.38). Risk for death was significantly decreased with obesity using WC and %BF to define obesity, but not BMI. Risk for death also was significantly increased in the sarcopenia group compared with the optimal group, regardless of which pattern of obesity indexes (BMI, %BF, and WC) was used. Risk for death was significantly increased in sarcopenic obesity defined by WC (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.38), borderline in the BMI-defined group, and not significant in the %BF-defined group. CONCLUSION All-cause mortality was increased in men with sarcopenic obesity defined by WC, but not BMI and %BF. Sarcopenia was a stronger predictor of all-cause mortality in this cohort >70 y of age. These results suggest that anthropometric definitions for sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are clinically useful as a predictor of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Sanada
- College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
| | - Randi Chen
- Honolulu Heart Program, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Bradley Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Honolulu Heart Program, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Ohara
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aida Wen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Cody Takenaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kamal Masaki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Honolulu Heart Program, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichiro Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Setsu Nishino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Tomoaki Kanaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Teruo Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
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Nguyen AT, Tsai CL, Hwang LY, Lai D, Markham C, Patel B. Obesity and Mortality, Length of Stay and Hospital Cost among Patients with Sepsis: A Nationwide Inpatient Retrospective Cohort Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154599. [PMID: 27124716 PMCID: PMC4849780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the association between obesity and all-cause mortality, length of stay and hospital cost among patients with sepsis 20 years of age or older. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a retrospective cohort study. The dataset was the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2011, the largest publicly available all-payer inpatient care database in the United States. Hospitalizations of sepsis patients 20 years of age or older were included. All 25 primary and secondary diagnosis fields were screened to identify patients with sepsis using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Obesity was the exposure of interest. It was one of the 29 standardized Elixhauser comorbidity measures and readily available in the dataset as a dichotomized variable. The outcome measures were all-cause in-hospital death, length of stay and hospital cost. RESULTS After weighting, our sample projected to a population size of 1,763,000, providing an approximation for the number of hospital discharges of all sepsis patients 20 years of age or older in the US in 2011. The overall all-cause mortality rate was 14.8%, the median hospital length of stay was 7 days and the median hospital cost was $15,917. After adjustment, the all-cause mortality was lower (adjusted OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.81 to 0.88); the average hospital length of stay was longer (adjusted difference = 0.65 day; 95% CI = 0.44 to 0.86) and the hospital cost per stay was higher (adjusted difference = $2,927; 95% CI = $1,606 to $4,247) for obese sepsis patients as compared to non-obese ones. CONCLUSION With this large and nationally representative sample of over 1,000 hospitals in the US, we found that obesity was significantly associated with a 16% decrease in the odds of dying among hospitalized sepsis patients; however it was also associated with greater duration and cost of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tuan Nguyen
- Department of General Planning, Vinmec International Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- * E-mail:
| | - Chu-lin Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lu-yu Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dejian Lai
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christine Markham
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bela Patel
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Body Composition in Asians and Caucasians: Comparative Analyses and Influences on Cardiometabolic Outcomes. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2015; 75:97-154. [PMID: 26319906 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Within the last four decades Asia has witnessed major transformation in its population demographics, which gave rise to changes in food availability, food habits and lifestyle. A significant consequence of these changes has been the continuing rise in overweight and obesity across Asia. In parallel, there has been a significant rise in Asians in the incidence of the major chronic diseases, particularly in cardiometabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. Given that the majority of the evidence, to date, investigating the associations between adiposity and cardiometabolic disorder risk have been obtained from studies undertaken either in European or in North American Caucasians, in this chapter, we have reviewed differences in body fat content and distribution between East Asians, South Asians, and Caucasians. The evidence is consistent that the content and distribution of body fat are markedly different between the various ethnic groups. We found that Asians have a greater predisposition towards adiposity at higher BMI than in Caucasians. Moreover, at any given level of adiposity, Asians have a much greater predisposition to risk of cardiometabolic disorders than Caucasians. We therefore strongly endorse the need for different adiposity cutoffs in Asians as compared to the Caucasians. We have also reviewed the predictive abilities of the various body composition/adiposity measures in determining risk of cardiometabolic disorders in Asians.
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Nishimura K, Okamura T, Watanabe M, Nakai M, Takegami M, Higashiyama A, Kokubo Y, Okayama A, Miyamoto Y. Predicting Coronary Heart Disease Using Risk Factor Categories for a Japanese Urban Population, and Comparison with the Framingham Risk Score: The Suita Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:784-98. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.19356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Yatsuya H, Li Y, Hilawe EH, Ota A, Wang C, Chiang C, Zhang Y, Uemura M, Osako A, Ozaki Y, Aoyama A. Global Trend in Overweight and Obesity and Its Association With Cardiovascular Disease Incidence. Circ J 2014; 78:2807-18. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-14-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuanying Li
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Esayas Haregot Hilawe
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Mekelle University
| | - Atsuhiko Ota
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Chifa Chiang
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mayu Uemura
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ayaka Osako
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Atsuko Aoyama
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Narumi T, Arimoto T, Funayama A, Kadowaki S, Otaki Y, Nishiyama S, Takahashi H, Shishido T, Miyashita T, Miyamoto T, Watanabe T, Kubota I. Prognostic importance of objective nutritional indexes in patients with chronic heart failure. J Cardiol 2013; 62:307-13. [PMID: 23806549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although malnutrition indicates an unfavorable prognosis in some clinical settings, the association between nutritional indexes and outcomes for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS All the previously established objective nutritional indexes were evaluated. The controlling nutritional status score (CONUT), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) were determined for 388 consecutive patients with CHF (mean age 69.6±12.3 years). The prevalence of malnutrition in this cohort was 60-69%. Patients were followed prospectively, with the endpoints being death due to a cardiovascular event or re-hospitalization. There were 130 events, including 33 deaths and 97 re-hospitalizations, during a mean follow-up period of 28.4 months. Patients experiencing cardiovascular events showed impaired nutritional status, higher CONUT scores, lower PNI scores, and lower GNRI scores, compared with those who did not experience cardiovascular events. CONUT score [hazard ratio 40.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 10.8-154.8], PNI score (hazard ratio 6.4, 95% CI 5.4-25.1), and GNRI score (hazard ratio 11.6, 95% CI 3.7-10.0) were independently associated with cardiovascular events. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was a significantly higher incidence of cardiovascular events in patients who were malnourished than in those who were not. CONCLUSION Malnutrition was common in patients with CHF. Evaluation of nutritional status may provide additional prognostic information in patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Narumi
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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