1
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Sheng F, Wang AY, Miyawaki K, Tsuchiya T, Osada N, Miller R, Fu Z, Okamura T. Real-World Clinical Profile of Patients Prescribed Evolocumab in Japan. Circ J 2024:CJ-23-0814. [PMID: 38432948 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-23-0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-world utilization data for evolocumab, the first proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor to be introduced in Japan in 2016, to date are limited. This study aimed to clarify the current real-world patient user profiles of evolocumab based on large-scale health claims data.Methods and Results: This retrospective database study examined patients from a health administrative database (MDV database) who initiated evolocumab between April 2016 (baseline) and November 2021. Characteristics and clinical profiles of this patient population are described. In all, 4,022 patients were included in the final analysis. Most evolocumab prescriptions occurred in the outpatient setting (3,170; 78.82%), and 940 patients (23.37%) had a recent diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia. Common recent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events at baseline included myocardial infarction (1,633; 40.60%), unstable angina (561; 13.95%), and ischemic stroke (408; 10.14%). Comorbidity diseases included hypertension (2,504; 62.26%), heart failure (1,750; 43.51%), diabetes (1,199; 29.81%), and chronic kidney disease (297; 7.38%). Among the lipid-lowering regimens concomitant with evolocumab, ezetimibe+statin was used most frequently (1,281; 31.85%), followed by no concomitant lipid-lowering regimen (1,190; 29.59%), statin (950; 23.62%), and ezetimibe (601; 14.94%). The median evolocumab treatment duration for all patients was 260 days (interquartile range 57-575 days). CONCLUSIONS This study provides real-world insights into evolocumab utilization in Japan for optimizing patient care and adherence to guideline-based therapies to better address hypercholesterolemia in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Y Wang
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
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2
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Chung J, Kim HL, Lim WH, Seo JB, Zo JH, Kim MA, Kim SH. New onset diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular outcomes according to statin intensity in patients after drug-eluting stent implantation in Asian patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16061. [PMID: 37749120 PMCID: PMC10520042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of statin intensity on the development of new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in Korean patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 1013 consecutive patients without diabetes mellitus were retrospectively analyzed. All study patients received high- or moderate-intensity statin (high-intensity statin; 321 [31.7%], moderate-intensity statin; 692 [68.3%]). The primary endpoint was development of NODM, and the secondary one was the composite of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and any revascularization. In 264 pairs (528 patients) of propensity score-matched patient, NODM developed in 34 patients (6.4%) and composite cardiac events occurred in 73 patients (13.8%) during a median follow-up of 36.7 months. The incidence rate of NODM was significantly higher in patients with high-intensity statin than with moderate-intensity statin (8.3% vs. 4.5%, log-rank P = 0.026). The incidence rate of composite events was not significantly different between the two groups (12.5% vs.15.2%, log-rank P = 0.495). The use of high-intensity statins was associated with NODM after adjustment for multiple risk factors (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.10‒4.51, P = 0.025). High-intensity statin therapy is associated with a higher incidence of NODM, but not with better cardiovascular outcomes, in Korean patients undergoing PCI. A new cholesterol lowering intensity-based approach rather than stain intensity-based approach to the high-risk patients without diabetes mellitus may be helpful in maximal treatment effect without safety concern of NODM in Asian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hack-Lyoung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20, Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20, Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bing Seo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20, Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Heeg Zo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20, Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-A Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20, Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20, Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Karimi R, Zarepur E, Khosravi A, Mohammadifard N, Nouhi F, Alikhasi H, Nasirian S, Sadeghi M, Roohafza H, Moezi Bady SA, Parisa Janjani, Solati K, Lotfizadeh M, Ghaffari S, Javanmardi E, Gholipour M, Mostafa Dehghani, Cheraghi M, Assareh A, Haybar H, Namayandeh SM, Reza Madadi, Kojuri J, Mansourian M, Sarrafzadegan N. Ethnicity based differences in statin use and hypercholesterolemia control among patients with premature coronary artery disease-results of I-PAD study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND PREVENTION 2023; 16:200168. [PMID: 36874039 PMCID: PMC9975244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2023.200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Statins use is the most important treatment for high LDL cholesterol in patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous reports have shown racial and gender differences in statin use in the general population, but this wasn't studied in premature CAD based on different ethnicities. Methods and results Our study includes 1917 men and women with confirmed diagnosis of premature CAD. Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the high LDL cholesterol control in the groups and the OR with 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported as the effect size. After adjustment for confounders, the odds of controlling LDL in women taking Lovastatin, Rosuvastatin, and Simvastatin were 0.27 (0.03, 0.45) lower in comparison with men. Also, in participant who took 3 types of statins, the odds of controlling LDL were significantly different between Lor and Arab compared with Fars ethnicity. After adjustment to all confounders (full model), the odds of controlling LDL were lower for Gilak in Lovastatin, Rosuvastatin, and Simvastatin by 0.64 (0.47, 0.75); 0.61 (0.43, 0.73); 0.63 (0.46, 0.74) respectively and higher for Arab in Lovastatin, Rosuvastatin, and Simvastatin by 4.63 (18.28, 0.73); 4.67 (17.47, 0.74); 4.55 (17.03, 0.71) respectively compared to Fars. Conclusions Major differences in different gender and ethnicities may have had led to disparities in statin use and LDL control. Awareness of the statins impact on high LDL cholesterol based on different ethnicities can help health decision-makers to close the observed gaps in statin use and control LDL to prevent CAD problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Karimi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zarepur
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Cardiology, Medicine School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Khosravi
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,The Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR), Iran
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereidoon Nouhi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,The Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR), Iran
| | - Hasan Alikhasi
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Nasirian
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Moezi Bady
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Parisa Janjani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamal Solati
- Department of Psychiatry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Masoud Lotfizadeh
- Social determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,The Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR), Iran
| | - Elmira Javanmardi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Maraghe University of Medical Sciences, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Gholipour
- Department of Cardiology, Healthy Heart Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mostafa Dehghani
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Cheraghi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Assareh
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,The Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR), Iran
| | - Habib Haybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Madadi
- Associate Perofessor of Cardiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Javad Kojuri
- Clinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,The Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR), Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,The Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR), Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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4
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Jeeyavudeen MS, Pappachan JM, Arunagirinathan G. Statin-related Muscle Toxicity: An Evidence-based Review. TOUCHREVIEWS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2022; 18:89-95. [PMID: 36694885 PMCID: PMC9835810 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2022.18.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of statins in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease has been proven beyond doubt. The number needed to treat to prevent one cardiovascular event is 1 in 30 over 10 years, and the number needed to treat for secondary prevention is much lower. However, a recent study demonstrated that only 68% of eligible patients are on statin therapy. Moreover, there seems to be a reluctance to escalate statin doses due to the fear of adverse effects. The adverse effects that worries patients and their physicians most frequently are those related to muscular symptoms. N-of-1 trial evidence suggests that muscular symptoms attributed to statins are often caused by the nocebo effect. This article aims to provide a structured, evidence-based approach to suspected statin-related muscle toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph M Pappachan
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Lancashire, UK,Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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5
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Bytyçi I, Penson PE, Mikhailidis DP, Wong ND, Hernandez AV, Sahebkar A, Thompson PD, Mazidi M, Rysz J, Pella D, Reiner Ž, Toth PP, Banach M. Prevalence of statin intolerance: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3213-3223. [PMID: 35169843 PMCID: PMC9757867 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Statin intolerance (SI) represents a significant public health problem for which precise estimates of prevalence are needed. Statin intolerance remains an important clinical challenge, and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This meta-analysis estimates the overall prevalence of SI, the prevalence according to different diagnostic criteria and in different disease settings, and identifies possible risk factors/conditions that might increase the risk of SI. METHODS AND RESULTS We searched several databases up to 31 May 2021, for studies that reported the prevalence of SI. The primary endpoint was overall prevalence and prevalence according to a range of diagnostic criteria [National Lipid Association (NLA), International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP), and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)] and in different disease settings. The secondary endpoint was to identify possible risk factors for SI. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the overall pooled prevalence. A total of 176 studies [112 randomized controlled trials (RCTs); 64 cohort studies] with 4 143 517 patients were ultimately included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of SI was 9.1% (95% confidence interval 8.0-10%). The prevalence was similar when defined using NLA, ILEP, and EAS criteria [7.0% (6.0-8.0%), 6.7% (5.0-8.0%), 5.9% (4.0-7.0%), respectively]. The prevalence of SI in RCTs was significantly lower compared with cohort studies [4.9% (4.0-6.0%) vs. 17% (14-19%)]. The prevalence of SI in studies including both primary and secondary prevention patients was much higher than when primary or secondary prevention patients were analysed separately [18% (14-21%), 8.2% (6.0-10%), 9.1% (6.0-11%), respectively]. Statin lipid solubility did not affect the prevalence of SI [4.0% (2.0-5.0%) vs. 5.0% (4.0-6.0%)]. Age [odds ratio (OR) 1.33, P = 0.04], female gender (OR 1.47, P = 0.007), Asian and Black race (P < 0.05 for both), obesity (OR 1.30, P = 0.02), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.26, P = 0.02), hypothyroidism (OR 1.37, P = 0.01), chronic liver, and renal failure (P < 0.05 for both) were significantly associated with SI in the meta-regression model. Antiarrhythmic agents, calcium channel blockers, alcohol use, and increased statin dose were also associated with a higher risk of SI. CONCLUSION Based on the present analysis of >4 million patients, the prevalence of SI is low when diagnosed according to international definitions. These results support the concept that the prevalence of complete SI might often be overestimated and highlight the need for the careful assessment of patients with potential symptoms related to SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibadete Bytyçi
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Peter E Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Nathan D Wong
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine Predictive Health Diagnostics, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adrian V Hernandez
- Health Outcomes, Policy, and Evidence Synthesis (HOPES) Group, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT, USA
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (USIL), Lima, Peru
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Paul D Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Hypertension, Nephrology and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
| | - Daniel Pella
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and East Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Diseases, University Hospital Center Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb University, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
- Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Ren QW, Yu SY, Teng THK, Li X, Cheung KS, Wu MZ, Li HL, Wong PF, Tse HF, Lam CSP, Yiu KH. Statin associated lower cancer risk and related mortality in patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:3049-3059. [PMID: 34157723 PMCID: PMC8380061 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Patients with heart failure (HF) have an increased risk of incident cancer. Data relating to the association of statin use with cancer risk and cancer-related mortality among patients with HF are sparse. Methods and results Using a previously validated territory-wide clinical information registry, statin use was ascertained among all eligible patients with HF (n = 87 102) from 2003 to 2015. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance baseline covariates between statin nonusers (n = 50 926) with statin users (n = 36 176). Competing risk regression with Cox proportional-hazard models was performed to estimate the risk of cancer and cancer-related mortality associated with statin use. Of all eligible subjects, the mean age was 76.5 ± 12.8 years, and 47.8% was male. Over a median follow-up of 4.1 years (interquartile range: 1.6–6.8), 11 052 (12.7%) were diagnosed with cancer. Statin use (vs. none) was associated with a 16% lower risk of cancer incidence [multivariable adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) = 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.80–0.89]. This inverse association with risk of cancer was duration dependent; as compared with short-term statin use (3 months to <2 years), the adjusted SHR was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.87–1.13) for 2 to <4 years of use, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.70–0.97) for 4 to <6 years of use, and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.65–0.93) for ≥6 years of use. Ten-year cancer-related mortality was 3.8% among statin users and 5.2% among nonusers (absolute risk difference, −1.4 percentage points [95% CI, −1.6% to −1.2%]; adjusted SHR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.67–0.81). Conclusion Our study suggests that statin use is associated with a significantly lower risk of incident cancer and cancer-related mortality in HF, an association that appears to be duration dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Ren
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, No. 1 Haiyuan 1st Rd, Futian district, Shenzhen city, Guangdong province, 518009, China.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam Rd 102. Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Si-Yeung Yu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, No. 1 Haiyuan 1st Rd, Futian district, Shenzhen city, Guangdong province, 518009, China.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam Rd 102. Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Tiew-Hwa Katherine Teng
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, National Heart Center, 5 Hospital Dr, 169609, Singapore.,School of Population & Global Health, University of Western, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xue Li
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam Rd 102. Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ka-Shing Cheung
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam Rd 102. Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Wu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, No. 1 Haiyuan 1st Rd, Futian district, Shenzhen city, Guangdong province, 518009, China.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam Rd 102. Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hang-Long Li
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam Rd 102. Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pui-Fai Wong
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam Rd 102. Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, No. 1 Haiyuan 1st Rd, Futian district, Shenzhen city, Guangdong province, 518009, China.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam Rd 102. Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, National Heart Center, 5 Hospital Dr, 169609, Singapore.,University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, No. 1 Haiyuan 1st Rd, Futian district, Shenzhen city, Guangdong province, 518009, China.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam Rd 102. Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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7
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Tadaki H, Ogawa N, Yamanaka M, Motohashi Y, Sasase T, Kawai T, Toriniwa Y, Fukuda S, Ogawa N, Harada K, Ohta T, Yamada T. JTP-109192, a novel G protein-coupled receptor 119 agonist, prevents atherosclerosis by improving hypercholesterolaemia in congenic spontaneously hyperlipidaemic mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 48:381-388. [PMID: 33068442 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) expression in pancreatic β-cells and intestinal L-cells is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Previously, we have reported that the GPR119 agonist JTP-109192 improves glucose metabolism with single and repeated administration. Conversely, overexpression of the Gpr119 gene reportedly regulates cholesterol transporter expression in animal models, and a natural GPR119 agonist, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), improves atherosclerosis. Therefore, improving dyslipidaemia is considered a possible feature of GPR119 agonists. In the present study, the lipid-lowering effect of JTP-109192 was examined in BALB/c background spontaneously hyperlipidaemic (SHL) mice with repeated administration, once daily for 12 weeks. On repeated administration, JTP-109192 revealed a cholesterol-lowering effect and improved atherosclerosis following histopathological examination. With further investigation, the cholesterol-lowering effect and subsequent antiatherosclerotic effect of JTP-109192 was attributed to changes in intestinal cholesterol metabolism gene expression. Based on these results, JTP-109192 represents a new potential antihypercholesterolaemic agent for the treatment of dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Tadaki
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Ogawa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Yamanaka
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Motohashi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Toriniwa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Sumiaki Fukuda
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuya Ogawa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Harada
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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8
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Chen WJ, Wen YC, Fox KM, Shen LJ, Lin LY, Qian Y, Zhao Z, Rane PP, Hsiao FY. Treatment patterns of lipid-lowering therapies and possible statin intolerance among statin users with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or diabetes mellitus (DM) in Taiwan. J Eval Clin Pract 2020; 26:1171-1180. [PMID: 31646715 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess treatment patterns of statin and/or ezetimibe and possible statin intolerance among patients initiating statin or statin plus ezetimibe and with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or diabetes mellitus (DM) in Taiwan. METHODS A retrospective cohort study using Taiwan's 2005 to 2013 National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) was conducted. Patients with history of clinical ASCVD or DM (without previous clinical ASCVD) and initiating statin or statin plus ezetimibe therapy during 2006 to 2012 were identified. The treatment initiation date was defined as index date. Treatment patterns (including discontinuation, reinitiation, subtraction, switching, and augmentation), adherence (medication possession ratio [MPR]), persistence (gap no greater than 60 d) of statin and/or ezetimibe, and possible statin intolerance during 12-month follow-up from the index date were examined. RESULTS Among patients initiating statin or statin plus ezetimibe, 11 092 patients with history of clinical ASCVD and 31 100 patients with DM but without clinical ASCVD were analysed. The discontinuation, reinitiation, and switching rates among patients with clinical ASCVD were 54.0%, 11.3%, and 25.7% during 12-month follow-up period, respectively. Among patients with DM, the rates were 57.5%, 14.2%, and 28.5%. The MPRs of statin among clinical ASCVD and DM cohorts were 0.62 and 0.60, respectively. As for ezetimibe, the MPRs were 0.56 and 0.59. Persistence to statin treatment was 46.1% among ASCVD patients and 42.6% among DM patients. Among the ASCVD and DM cohorts, possible statin intolerance was observed among 19.9% and 21.4% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Large number of patients with either ASCVD or DM discontinued lipid-lowering therapies with suboptimal adherence and persistence among Taiwanese population. There is a large unmet medical need to provide safe and more effective therapies, which can be used in combination with statins or alone, to reduce the risk of CV events and improve outcomes in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jone Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chun Wen
- Health Data Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kathleen M Fox
- Strategic Healthcare Solutions, LLC, Aiken, South Carolina
| | - Li-Jiuan Shen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi Qian
- Global Health Economics, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Zhongyun Zhao
- Global Health Economics, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Pratik P Rane
- Global Health Economics, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Fei-Yuan Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Li JJ, Liu HH, Wu NQ, Yeo KK, Tan K, Ako J, Krittayaphong R, Tan RS, Aylward PE, Baek SH, Dalal J, Fong AYY, Li YH, O'Brien RC, Lim TSE, Koh SYN, Scherer DJ, Tada H, Kang V, Butters J, Nicholls SJ. Statin intolerance: an updated, narrative review mainly focusing on muscle adverse effects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:837-851. [PMID: 32729743 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1802426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Statins have been established as the standard of care for dyslipidemia and preventing cardiovascular diseases while posing few safety concerns. However, misconceptions about statin intolerance lead to their underuse, indicating a need to improve the understanding of the safety of this treatment. AREAS COVERED We searched PubMed and reviewed literatures related to statin intolerance published between February 2015 and February 2020. Important large-scale or landmark studies published before 2015 were also cited as key evidence. EXPERT OPINION Optimal lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with statins substantially reduces the risk of cardiovascular events. Muscle adverse events (AEs) were the most frequently reported AEs by statin users in clinical practice, but they usually occurred at a similar rate with statins and placebo in randomized controlled trials and had a spurious causal relationship with statin treatment. We proposed a rigorous definition for identifying true statin intolerance and present the criteria for defining different forms of muscle AEs and an algorithm for their management. True statin intolerance is uncommon, and every effort should be made to exclude false statin intolerance and ensure optimal use of statins. For the management of statin intolerance, statin-based approaches should be prioritized over non-statin approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Khung Keong Yeo
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre and SingHealth Duke-NUS Cardiovascular Sciences , Singapore
| | - Kathryn Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University , Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Rungroj Krittayaphong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ru San Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre and SingHealth Duke-NUS Cardiovascular Sciences , Singapore
| | - Philip E Aylward
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and Flinders University , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sang Hong Baek
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jamshed Dalal
- Centre for Cardiac Sciences, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital , Mumbai, India
| | - Alan Yean Yip Fong
- Department of Cardiology, Sarawak Heart Centre; and Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital , Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Yi-Heng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital , Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Richard C O'Brien
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tien Siang Eric Lim
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre and SingHealth Duke-NUS Cardiovascular Sciences , Singapore
| | - Si Ya Natalie Koh
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre and SingHealth Duke-NUS Cardiovascular Sciences , Singapore
| | - Daniel J Scherer
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hayato Tada
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine , Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Julie Butters
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Shiffman D, Louie JZ, Devlin JJ, Knowles JW, McPhaul MJ. Gaps in Dyslipidemia Care Among Working-Aged Individuals With Employer-Sponsored Health Care. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015807. [PMID: 32319337 PMCID: PMC7428576 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background The American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology guidelines defined patient‐management groups that would benefit from lowering of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). We assessed gaps in dyslipidemia care among employees and spouses with health benefits. Methods and Results We studied 17 889 employees and spouses who were covered by an employer‐sponsored health plan and participated in an annual health assessment. Using medical claims, laboratory tests, and risk assessment questionnaires, we found that 43% of participants were in one of 4 patient‐management groups: secondary prevention, severe hypercholesterolemia (LDL‐C ≥190 mg/dL at least once in the preceding 5 years), diabetes mellitus, or elevated 10‐year risk of cardiovascular disease. To assess gaps in dyslipidemia care, we used LDL‐C ≤70 mg/dL as the goal for both the secondary prevention group and those in the elevated 10‐year risk group with >20% risk; LDL‐C ≤100 mg/dL was used for the other groups. Among those in patient‐management groups, 27.3% were in the secondary prevention group, 7.4% were in the severe hypercholesterolemia group, 29.9% were in the diabetes mellitus group, and 35.4% were in the elevated 10‐year risk group. About 74% of those in patient‐management groups had above‐goal LDL‐C levels, whereas only 31% had evidence of a lipid‐lowering therapy in the past 6 months: 45% in the secondary prevention group, 31% in the severe hypercholesterolemia group, 36% in the diabetes mellitus group, and 17% in the elevated 10‐year risk group. Conclusions The substantial gaps in LDL‐C treatment and goal attainment among members of an employer‐sponsored medical plan who were mostly aware of their LDL‐C levels indicate the need for gap‐closure initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov Shiffman
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano CA
| | - Judy Z Louie
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano CA
| | - James J Devlin
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano CA
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Stanford Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute and the FH Foundation Stanford CA
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11
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Effects of statin and antiplatelet therapy noncompliance and intolerance on patient outcomes following vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg 2020; 71:1358-1369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Seo WW, Jo SH, Kim SE, Han SH, Lee KY, Her SH, Lee MH, Cho SS, Baek SH. Clinical impact of statin therapy on vasospastic angina: data from a Korea nation-wide cohort study. Heart Vessels 2020; 35:1051-1059. [PMID: 32152732 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of statin therapy on reducing adverse cardiovascular events in vasospastic angina (VSA) has been inconsistent. Therefore, we investigated the association between statin therapy and adverse cardiovascular events in a large, prospective VSA cohort. The Variant Angina Korea registry consecutively enrolled 2960 patients suspected VSA. Among them, we included 1713 patients who were diagnosed with VSA based on coronary provocation test. We divided the patients into the statin (n = 744) and no-statin group (n = 914) according to the medication prescribed at discharge. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome, and new-onset life-threatening arrhythmia during a 3-year follow-up period. The primary outcome occurred in 32 patients (4.3%) in the statin and 28 patients (3.1%) in the no-statin group. In Kaplan-Meier analysis before and after propensity score matching, there was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of primary outcomes between both groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the focal type of VSA was independent predictor of primary outcomes, but statin therapy was not. Furthermore, the lack of benefit of statin therapy for primary outcomes was consistently observed across the statin intensity and spasm characteristics. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that statin therapy did not reduce adverse cardiovascular events in patients with VSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Woo Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Jo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 896, Pyeongchon-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 431-070, South Korea.
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kwan Yong Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Ho Her
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Seek Cho
- Department of Epidemiology and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sang Hong Baek
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Dissimilar Effects of Anagliptin and Sitagliptin on Lipoprotein Subclass in Standard or Strong Statin-Treated Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Subanalysis of the REASON (Randomized Evaluation of Anagliptin versus Sitagliptin on Low-Density LipoproteiN Cholesterol in Diabetes) Trial. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010093. [PMID: 31905896 PMCID: PMC7019317 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of antidiabetic agents on lipoprotein subclasses are assumed to be pivotal, but this assumption has not been studied. We evaluated lipoprotein subclasses in patients, randomly selected from REASON (Randomized Evaluation of Anagliptin versus Sitagliptin On low-density lipoproteiN cholesterol in diabetes) Trial participants, with type-2 diabetes treated with either anagliptin or sitagliptin. We measured total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in 4 (chylomicron (CM), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)) lipoprotein classes and 20 (2 CM, 5 VLDL, 6 LDL, and 7 HDL) lipoprotein subclasses. Between 0 and 52 weeks, TC and TG in lipoprotein and the lipoprotein subclass were distributed differently in patients treated with anagliptin and sitagliptin. The preferable changes in TC and TG levels were observed dominantly in the anagliptin-treated group under standard statin therapy, but the benefits were observed in both the anagliptin- and sitagliptin-treated groups, at least partially under strong statin therapy. In future studies, the atherogenic properties of lipoprotein subclasses might be considered when employing antidiabetic dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, especially in patients with type-2 diabetes who are at risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or are undergoing statin treatment.
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14
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Koba S, Inoue I, Cyrille M, Lu C, Inomata H, Shimauchi J, Kajinami K. Evolocumab vs. Ezetimibe in Statin-Intolerant Hyperlipidemic Japanese Patients: Phase 3 GAUSS-4 Trial. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 27:471-484. [PMID: 31748467 PMCID: PMC7242224 DOI: 10.5551/jat.50963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: In patients with hyperlipidemia, intolerance to statins presents a challenge in reducing the risk of events associated with cardiovascular disease. This phase 3, randomized, double-blind trial in Japanese patients with statin intolerance aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of evolocumab vs. ezetimibe in lowering low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). Methods: This study was conducted in a 12-week, double-blind period followed by an open-label extension designed to characterize 1 year of evolocumab treatment. Statin intolerance was defined as failure of two or more statins due to myalgia, myositis, or rhabdomyolysis. Eligible patients were randomized at 2:2:1:1 into four groups: 420 mg evolocumab every 4 weeks (Q4W) + oral placebo daily, 140 mg evolocumab every 2 weeks (Q2W) + oral placebo daily, subcutaneous (SC) placebo Q4W + 10 mg ezetimibe daily, and SC placebo Q2W + 10 mg ezetimibe daily. Results: Sixty-one patients were randomized to evolocumab (n = 40) or ezetimibe (n = 21). For the co-primary endpoints of percent change from the baseline in mean LDL-C to the mean of weeks 10 and 12 and to week 12, the evolocumab-ezetimibe treatment differences were −39.4% (95% CI, −47.2% to −31.5%) and −40.1% (95% CI, −48.7% to −31.6%), respectively (adjusted p < 0.0001). The most common adverse events were diarrhea (9.5%) and nasopharyngitis (12.5%) in the ezetimibe and evolocumab groups, respectively, during the double-blind period and nasopharyngitis (29%) during the open-label extension. Conclusion: Evolocumab was superior to ezetimibe in reducing LDL-C during the 12-week double-blind period in this population of Japanese patients with statin intolerance, with efficacy and safety results maintained for 1 year. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02634580
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Koba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Ikuo Inoue
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University
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15
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Guideline-Based Critical Care Pathway Improves Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16814. [PMID: 31728003 PMCID: PMC6856182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementation of a critical care pathway (CCP) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been shown to improve early compliance to guideline-directed therapies and reduce early mortality. Nevertheless its long-term impact on the compliance with medications or clinical outcomes remains unknown. Between 2004 and 2015, 2023 consecutive patients were admitted to our coronary care unit with ACS. We retrospectively compared the outcomes of 628 versus 1059 patients (mean age 66.1 ± 13.3 years, 74% male) managed before and after full implementation of a CCP. Compared with standard care, implementation of the CCP significantly increased coronary revascularization and long-term compliance with guideline-directed medical therapy (both P < 0.01). After a mean follow-up of 66.5 ± 44.0 months, 46.7% and 22.2% patients admitted before and after implementation of the CCP, respectively, died. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that patients managed by CCP had better overall survival (P = 0.03) than those managed with standard care. After adjustment for clinical covariates and coronary anatomy, CCP remained independently predictive of better survival from all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 0.75, 95%confidence intervals (CI): 0.62–0.92, P < 0.01]. Stepwise multivariate cox regression model showed that both revascularization (HR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.45–0.68, P < 0.01) and compliance to statin (HR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.58–0.85, P < 0.01) were accountable for the improved outcome.
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16
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Kajinami K, Tsukamoto K, Koba S, Inoue I, Yamakawa M, Suzuki S, Hamano T, Saito H, Saito Y, Masuda S, Nakayama T, Okamura T, Yamashita S, Kagawa T, Kaneyama J, Kuriyama A, Tanaka R, Hirata A. Statin Intolerance Clinical Guide 2018. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 27:375-396. [PMID: 31588101 PMCID: PMC7192817 DOI: 10.5551/jat.50948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Ikuo Inoue
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University
| | - Masashi Yamakawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Yokohama City University Medical Center
| | | | - Tadanori Hamano
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui
| | | | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | | | - Takeo Nakayama
- Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Shizuya Yamashita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rinku General Medical Center.,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University
| | - Tatehiro Kagawa
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Junji Kaneyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Akira Kuriyama
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kurashiki Central Hospital
| | - Rumi Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital
| | - Aya Hirata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Im Cho
- Department of Cardiology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital
| | - Jongwook Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center
| | - Toshio Hayashi
- School of Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Seung Hwan Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center
- Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | - Kwang Kon Koh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center
- Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tomlinson
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine.,Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University
| | - Zhong-Min Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University
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19
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Hai JJ, Wong YK, Wong CK, Un KC, Chan PH, Siu CW, Yiu KH, Lau CP, Tse HF. Prognostic implications of statin intolerance in stable coronary artery disease patients with different levels of high-sensitive troponin. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:168. [PMID: 31307391 PMCID: PMC6633694 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic implication of statin in tolerance (SI) in those with stable CAD remains unclear. We hypothesized that SI is of higher prognostic significance in stable CAD patients with elevated high-sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI). Methods A total of 952 stable CAD patients from the prospective Hong Kong CAD study who had complete clinical data, biomarker measurements and who were prescribed statin therapy were studied. Results We identified 13 (1.4%) and 125 (13.1%) patients with complete and partial SI, respectively. At baseline, patients with SI were more likely to have diabetes mellitus and a higher hs-cTnI level, but no difference in LDL-C level compared with those without SI. After 51 months of follow-up, patients with SI had a higher mean LDL-C level than those without SI. A total of 148 (15.5%) patients developed major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Both SI (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.06–2.19, P = 0.02) and elevated hs-cTnI (HR 3.18, 95% CI 2.07–4.89, P < 0.01) were independent predictors of a MACE in patients with stable CAD. When stratified by hs-cTnI level, SI independently predicted MACE-free survival only in those with elevated hs-cTnI (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.01–2.24, P = 0.04). Conclusions SI independently predicted MACE in patients with stable CAD and high hs-cTnI, but not in those with low hs-cTnI. Hs-cTnI may be used to stratify stable CAD patients who have SI for intensive lipid-lowering therapy using non-statin agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12872-019-1152-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Jo Hai
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuen-Kwun Wong
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Ka Wong
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Chun Un
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pak-Hei Chan
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Wah Siu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chu-Pak Lau
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China. .,The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China. .,Hong Kong-Guangdong Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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20
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Kajinami K, Ozaki A, Tajima Y, Yamashita S, Arai H, Teramoto T. Real-World Data to Identify Hypercholesterolemia Patients on Suboptimal Statin Therapy. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 26:408-431. [PMID: 30369517 PMCID: PMC6514177 DOI: 10.5551/jat.46201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Statins are generally well-tolerated but some patients develop adverse events and down-titrate or discontinue statins. It is important to understand the frequency of dyslipidemia patients with the inability to continue statins. The aim of the present study was to identify the frequency of high-risk dyslipidemia patients who are unable to take or not taking statins for any reason using Japanese hospital claims database. METHODS 2,527,405 dyslipidemia patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were investigated between April 2008 and September 2017. Definition 1 included statin discontinuation or down-titration with non-statin lipid modifying therapy (LMT) prescription, rhabdomyolysis or muscle-related symptoms with statin down-titration or discontinuation, or prescription for ≥3 statin types. Definition 2 included all components of Definition 1 in addition to statin down-titration or discontinuation for any reason. Patients never given statins but who started non-statin LMT were considered as Definition 3. The achievement rate of the target LDL-C level was investigated. RESULTS Among 54,296 patients with statin prescription, 2.32% and 48.38% patients were identified as Definition 1 and 2, respectively. Of eligible patients, 13.16% patients were identified as Definition 3. The achievement rate of target LDL-C level was lower in patients meeting each definition than not satisfying each definition. CONCLUSIONS There is a proportion of high-risk dyslipidemia patients unable to take or not taking statins for any reason, and it is associated with lower achievement rates of target LDL-C levels. Suboptimal management of LDL-C is directly associated with residual cardiovascular risk and implementation of alternative therapeutic options in addition to existing LMT is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Kajinami
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Shizuya Yamashita
- Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine & Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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Wake M, Oh A, Onishi Y, Guelfucci F, Shimasaki Y, Teramoto T. Adherence and persistence to hyperlipidemia medications in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and those with diabetes mellitus based on administrative claims data in Japan. Atherosclerosis 2018; 282:19-28. [PMID: 30669019 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Real-world data on treatment patterns in Japanese hyperlipidemia patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or prior atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are lacking. METHODS This is a retrospective, longitudinal cohort analysis of administrative claims data (Japan Medical Data Center [JMDC] and Medical Data Vision [MDV] databases) for patients prescribed a new hyperlipidemia medication between 2014 and 2015. Patients were followed for ≥12 months. Outcomes included prescribing patterns, persistence (discontinuations), and adherence (proportion of days covered). RESULTS Data were analyzed for 11,718 and 27,746 DM, and 4101 and 14,356 ASCVD patients from the JMDC and MDV databases, respectively. Among previously-untreated patients, index prescriptions were primarily for moderate statins in the DM (JMDC: 74.7%, MDV: 77.5%) and ASCVD (JMDC: 75.4%, MDV: 78.5%) sub-cohorts. Combinations were rarely prescribed (≤2.5%). Previously-treated patients were most frequently prescribed combinations in the DM (JMDC: 46.7%, MDV: 53.6%) and ASCVD (JMDC: 49.3%, MDV: 53.3%) sub-cohorts. Intensive statins were rarely used by previously-untreated (≤1%) or previously-treated (≤8%) patients in either sub-cohort. Approximately half of previously-untreated patients discontinued hyperlipidemia therapy within 12 months. Adherence was ≥80% across most drug classes. CONCLUSIONS Many Japanese hyperlipidemia patients with DM or ASCVD are prescribed single-agent lipid-lowering therapy. Use of intensive therapy is lower than expected, and is suggestive of under-treatment. The low persistence rates are concerning, and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Wake
- Japan Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Oh
- Japan Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Florent Guelfucci
- Health Economics and Outcome Research, Creativ-Ceutical, Paris, France
| | - Yukio Shimasaki
- Japan Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamio Teramoto
- Teikyo Academic Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kataoka Y. Obstacles to Optimal Lipid-Lowering Therapy ― Any Solution? ―. Circ J 2018. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
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