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Park Y, Shim Y, Kwon I, Lee HW, Nam HS, Choi HJ, Heo JH. Effects of Interleukin-17A on the Early Stages of Arterial Thrombosis in Mice. Yonsei Med J 2022; 63:632-639. [PMID: 35748074 PMCID: PMC9226831 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.63.7.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin (IL)-17A has been suggested to play a role in the growth and organization of thrombi. We examined whether IL-17A plays a role in the early stages of thrombosis and whether there are sex differences in the effects of IL-17A. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study to compare time to thrombotic occlusion and sex differences therein between mice treated with IL-17A and those treated with saline using a ferric chloride-induced model. We also assessed thrombus histology, blood coagulation, and plasma levels of coagulation factors. RESULTS Time to occlusion values did not differ between the IL-17A group and the control group (94.6±86.9 sec vs. 121.0±84.4 sec, p=0.238). However, it was significantly shorter in the IL-17A group of female mice (74.6±57.2 sec vs. 130.0±76.2 sec, p=0.032). In rotational thromboelastometry, the IL-17A group exhibited increased maximum clot firmness (71.3±4.5 mm vs. 66.7±4.7 mm, p=0.038) and greater amplitude at 30 min (69.7±5.2 mm vs. 64.5±5.3 mm, p=0.040) than the control group. In Western blotting, the IL-17A group showed higher levels of coagulation factor XIII (2.2±1.5 vs. 1.0±0.9, p=0.008), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (1.6±0.6 vs. 1.0±0.4, p=0.023), and tissue factor (1.5±0.6 vs. 1.0±0.5, p=0.003). CONCLUSION IL-17A plays a role in the initial st ages of arterial thrombosis in mice. Coagulation factors and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 may be associated with IL-17A-mediated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseon Park
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeseul Shim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Kwon
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heow Won Lee
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Suk Nam
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Choi
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hoe Heo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Makarewicz-Wujec M, Henzel J, Kępka C, Kruk M, Wardziak Ł, Trochimiuk P, Parzonko A, Dzielińska Z, Demkow M, Kozłowska-Wojciechowska M. Usefulness of MCP-1 Chemokine in the Monitoring of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Subjected to Intensive Dietary Intervention: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093047. [PMID: 34578925 PMCID: PMC8467171 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) plays an important role in the entire atherosclerotic process, from atherogenesis to destabilisation of the atherosclerotic plaque. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet in patients with coronary artery disease on the MCP-1 plasma concentration and to evaluate the potential usefulness of this chemokine as a marker of change in the volume and composition of coronary plaque. Material and method. As part of the dietary intervention to stop coronary atherosclerosis in computed tomography (DISCO-CT) study, patients were randomised to an intervention group (n = 40) in which the DASH diet was introduced, and to a control group (n = 39) with no dietary intervention. In the DASH group, dietary counselling was provided at all follow-up visits within 12 months of the follow-up period. MCP-1 plasma concentration was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Coronary plaque analysis was performed using a semi-automated plaque analysis software system (QAngioCT, Medis, The Netherlands). Results. In the DASH group, MCP-1 plasma concentration significantly decreased by 34.1 pg/mL (p = 0.01), while in the control group, the change in MPC-1 was not significant. Significant inverse correlations were revealed for the change in MCP-1 plasma concentration and change in the consumption of vitamin C and dietary fibre both in the DASH (r = −0.519, p = 0.0005; r = −0.353, p = 0.025, respectively) and in the control group (r = −0.488 p = 0.001; r = −0.502, p = 0.001, respectively). In patients with the highest decrease in percent atheroma volume (PAV), a significant positive correlation was observed between the change in MCP-1 plasma concentration and changes in PAV (r = 0.428, p = 0.033) and calcified plaque component (r = 0.468, p = 0.018), while the change in noncalcified plaque component correlated inversely with change in MCP1 (r = −0.459, p = 0.021). Conclusion. Dietary intervention based on the DASH diet model reduces the MCP-1plasma concentration, mostly due to an increased intake of plant-derived, fibre-rich foods and antioxidants. The change in MCP-1 plasma concentration seems to reflect changes in the atheroma volume and proportions between the calcified and non-calcified plaque elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Makarewicz-Wujec
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.M.-W.); (J.H.); Tel.: +48-225-720-985 (M.M.-W.); +48-223-434-342 (J.H.)
| | - Jan Henzel
- Department of Coronary and Structural Heart Diseases, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (C.K.); (M.K.); (Ł.W.); (P.T.); (Z.D.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.-W.); (J.H.); Tel.: +48-225-720-985 (M.M.-W.); +48-223-434-342 (J.H.)
| | - Cezary Kępka
- Department of Coronary and Structural Heart Diseases, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (C.K.); (M.K.); (Ł.W.); (P.T.); (Z.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Mariusz Kruk
- Department of Coronary and Structural Heart Diseases, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (C.K.); (M.K.); (Ł.W.); (P.T.); (Z.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Łukasz Wardziak
- Department of Coronary and Structural Heart Diseases, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (C.K.); (M.K.); (Ł.W.); (P.T.); (Z.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Piotr Trochimiuk
- Department of Coronary and Structural Heart Diseases, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (C.K.); (M.K.); (Ł.W.); (P.T.); (Z.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Andrzej Parzonko
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Zofia Dzielińska
- Department of Coronary and Structural Heart Diseases, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (C.K.); (M.K.); (Ł.W.); (P.T.); (Z.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Marcin Demkow
- Department of Coronary and Structural Heart Diseases, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (C.K.); (M.K.); (Ł.W.); (P.T.); (Z.D.); (M.D.)
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Targeted anti-inflammatory therapy is a new insight for reducing cardiovascular events: A review from physiology to the clinic. Life Sci 2020; 253:117720. [PMID: 32360620 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable progressions, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still one of the major causes of mortality around the world, indicates an important and unmet clinical need. Recently, extensive studies have been performed on the role of inflammatory factors as either a major or surrogate factor in the pathophysiology of CVD. Epidemiological observations suggest the theory of the role of inflammatory mediators in the development of cardiovascular events. This may support the idea that targeted anti-inflammatory therapies, on the background of traditional validated medical therapies, can play a significant role in prevention and even reduction of cardiovascular disorders. Many randomized controlled trials have shown that drugs commonly useful for primary and secondary prevention of CVD have an anti-inflammatory mechanism. Further, many anti-inflammatory drugs are being examined because of their potential to reduce the risk of cardiovascular problems. In this study, we review the process of inflammation in the development of cardiovascular events, both in vivo and clinical evidence in immunotherapy for CVD.
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Factors Associated with RANTES Concentration in Cardiovascular Disease Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3026453. [PMID: 31396527 PMCID: PMC6668548 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3026453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to establish, by means of linear regressions analysis, whether RANTES and CCL2 have a relationship with age, sex, heart rate, ejection fraction, white blood cells count, monocyte count, platelet count, mean platelet volume, hsCRP concentration, creatinine and eGFR value, applied treatments, and coronary risk factors in polish cardiovascular disease patients. Methods Plasma chemokines concentrations were measured by ELISA method (R&D Systems Europe Ltd., Abingdon, England) in 115 cardiovascular disease patients (83 myocardial infarction/AMI and 32 stable angina/SA) and in the control group (N=25). Results Univariate linear regression analysis found that (1) for men mean RANTES plasma level is 1.56 times higher as compared to women; (2) if patient's age increases by 1 year, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 1.4%; (3) if CCL2 concentration increases by 10 pg/mL, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 3.3%; (4) if hsCRP concentration increases by 1 mg/L, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 1.0%. By means of multiple linear regression analysis we found that (1) for men the mean plasma RANTES concentration value increases 1.89 times as compared to women; (2) if CCL2 concentration increases by 10 pg/mL, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 3.4%; (3) if MPV increases by 1 fL, the mean RANTES concentration value increases by 12%, if other model parameters are fixed. For CCL2 we did not obtain statistically significant linear regression models. Conclusion Due to high variability of obtained CCL2 concentrations, it seems that RANTES better reflects the presence of the atherosclerotic lesion than CCL2. RANTES as a marker of atherosclerotic process may be an important therapeutic target, and the assessment of RANTES concentration should be interpreted depending on patient's sex, age, platelet hyperactivity state, hsCRP, and CCL2 concentration.
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Mao W, He J, Tang Z, Zhang C, Chen J, Li J, Yu C. A sensitive sandwich-type immunosensor for the detection of MCP-1 based on a rGO-TEPA-Thi-Au nanocomposite and novel RuPdPt trimetallic nanoalloy particles. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 131:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major health problem globally. The high incidence and case fatality of CVD are, to a large extent, a consequence of its late diagnosis and lack of highly sensitive and specific markers. Only a very small number of biomarkers, such as troponin, detect late disease. There is some evidence of an association and dysregulation between specific cytokines in the pathogenesis of CVD. These molecules are involved in inflammatory and immune mechanisms associated with atherogenesis. Several molecular/cellular pathways that include STAT, MAPK, and SMAD are modulated by cytokines. Against this background, microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs with important roles in pathological events, leading to atherosclerotic CVD. It has been shown that the latter could affect cytokine production and contribute to progression of atherosclerotic CVD. Moreover, modulation of miRNAs appears to inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, attenuate infarct size, and reduce cardiac dysfunction. This review highlights several recent preclinical and clinical studies on the role of cytokines in CVD, novel miRNA-based therapeutic approaches for therapeutic intervention, and potential circulating cytokines that have promise as biomarkers in CVD.
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Li Y, He J, Xia C, Gao L, Yu C. Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor based on orderly oriented conductive wires for the detection of human monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in serum. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 70:392-7. [PMID: 25845330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a simple, ultrasensitive and label-free electrochemical monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) immunosensor based on orderly oriented conductive wires has been developed. A conductive wire, which is similar to an electron-conducting tunnel, was designed with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) joined to Au@Pt core-shell microspheres via a cysteamine (CA) crosslinker. To enhance the sensitivity of the immunosensor, Au nanoparticles were electrodeposited onto the gold electrode, and CA was self-assembled via strong Au-S covalent bonds, providing an appropriate surface and promoting electron transfer. Next, Au@Pt core-shell microspheres with large surface area were grafted onto the modified electrode to immobilize more MCP-1 antibodies. MCP-1 is an initiating factor and biomarker of atherosclerotic diseases. Under optimal experimental conditions, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) current changes were used to detect MCP-1 with a broad linear range of 0.09-360 pg mL(-1) and a low detection limit of 0.03 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). The proposed immunosensor exhibited good selectivity, reproducibility and reusability. When applied to spiked serum samples, the data for the developed immunosensor were in agreement with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, suggesting that the electrochemical immunosensor would be suitable for practical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Li
- Institute of Life Science and School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Junlin He
- Institute of Life Science and School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Chunyong Xia
- Institute of Life Science and School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Liuliu Gao
- Institute of Life Science and School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Chao Yu
- Institute of Life Science and School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Ding D, Su D, Li X, Li Z, Wang Y, Qiu J, Lin P, Zhang Y, Guo P, Xia M, Li D, Yang Y, Hu G, Ling W. Serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120633. [PMID: 25786118 PMCID: PMC4365005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is an important chemokine at multiple phases of atherosclerosis in animals, but human studies are few and inconsistent. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of serum MCP-1with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and determine whether this biomarker can add secondary prognostic value to standard risk predictors. Methods MCP-1 was measured at baseline in 1411 CAD patients who were 40–85 years of age. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of MCP-1 levels with death risk. Results During a median follow-up of 3.3 years, 117 deaths were recorded, 88 of which were due to CVD. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios across tertiles of MCP-1 were 1.51 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.89–2.58), 1.00, and 2.11 (95% CI 1.31–3.40) for all-cause mortality, and 1.50 (95% CI 0.80–2.81), 1.00, and 2.21 (95% CI 1.27–3.87) for CVD mortality. The addition of serum MCP-1 to the fully adjusted model increased the C-index by 0.009 (p<0.0001) for all-cause mortality and 0.008 (p<0.0001) for CVD mortality and significantly improved the predictive ability by 12.1% (P = 0.006) on all-cause mortality and 12.6% (P = 0.003) on CVD mortality using the net reclassification improvement method. Conclusions Both lower and higher MCP-1 levels are associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality among CAD patients. More research is needed to confirm its clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Dongfang Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongxia Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China
| | - Puqing Lin
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China
| | - Pi Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (DL); (GH)
| | - Yan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DL); (GH)
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Fukami A, Yamagishi SI, Adachi H, Matsui T, Yoshikawa K, Ogata K, Kasahara A, Tsukagawa E, Yokoi K, Imaizumi T. High white blood cell count and low estimated glomerular filtration rate are independently associated with serum level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in a general population. Clin Cardiol 2011; 34:189-94. [PMID: 21337348 DOI: 10.1002/clc.20834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays a role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and renal injury. Recent clinical studies have suggested that circulating levels of MCP-1 could be a biomarker of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events in humans. Because chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the risk factors of CVD, it is conceivable that elevated MCP-1 levels may link the increased risk of CVD in CKD patients. However, as far as we know, in addition to well-known traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, whether renal dysfunction could be independently associated with the elevation of MCP-1 levels in a general population remains unknown. Therefore, we examined here which anthropometric and metabolic variables, including renal function, could be independent correlates of circulating levels of MCP-1 in a general population. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that renal function was one of the independent correlates of serum MCP-1 levels. METHODS A total of 860 Japanese residents (318 males and 542 females, mean age 65.4 ± 9.8 years) in a small fishing community underwent a complete history and physical examination with determination of blood chemistries, including serum levels of MCP-1. RESULTS Mean MCP-1 levels were 281.4 pg/mL. Multiple stepwise regression analyses revealed that male sex (P<0.0001), age (P=0.03), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P<0.0001, inversely), and white blood cell count (P=0.037) were independently associated with MCP-1 levels. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated for the first time that other than white blood cell count, eGFR was an independent correlate of serum levels of MCP-1 in a Japanese general population. Elevated MCP-1 levels may partly explain the increased risk of CVD in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ako Fukami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Effects of ramipril on serum monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin-18, and interleukin-10 in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome. Heart Vessels 2010; 25:77-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-009-1162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Circulating thrombotic and haemostatic components in patients with coronary artery disease. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:20-8. [PMID: 23105879 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze the circulating levels of thrombotic and haemostatic components; tissue factor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction at presentation (Group 1, n=49), unstable angina and Non-ST elevated MI after treatment (Group 2, n=22), stable angina (Group 3, n=18) and healthy individuals (Group 4, n=31). Significant finding was increase in tissue factor not only in Group 1 (2.0 fold, P=0.001), Group 2 (2.2 fold, P=0.015) but also in Group 3 (1.8 fold, P=0.018) as compared to controls. In Group 1 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 increased significantly (35.8%, P=0.02). Tissue factor pathway inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator demonstrated increase in Group 1 of age<40 years while insignificant changes in elder patients. Increased thrombotic and decreased fibrinolytic conditions in acute myocardial infarction patients were observed. Increase TF in stable angina demonstrates procoagulant status in these patients as well.
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Korybalska K, Pyda M, Grajek S, Łanocha M, Bręborowicz A, Witowski J. Serum profiles of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as a biomarker for patients recovering from myocardial infarction. Clin Res Cardiol 2010; 99:315-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-010-0122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2 as a biomarker in acute coronary syndromes. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2009; 11:131-8. [PMID: 19228487 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-009-0021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The CC chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1/CCL2 is involved in the formation, progression, and destabilization of atheromatous plaques and plays an essential role in postinfarction remodeling. These properties generated significant interest in the potential significance of MCP-1 as a biomarker in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Emerging evidence suggests that MCP-1 plasma levels have prognostic value in the acute and chronic phase following ACS, providing information independent of standard clinical variables. The mechanisms responsible for adverse prognosis in patients with elevated plasma MCP-1 following ACS remain unknown. High plasma MCP-1 levels may reflect a higher burden of atherosclerotic disease, may exert prothrombotic effects resulting in recurrent coronary events, or may identify patients who mount a more intense cardiac inflammatory reaction following a coronary event, resulting in enhanced adverse remodeling. Beyond its prognostic significance, the MCP-1 axis may be an attractive target for therapy in patients with ACS.
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Zhong C, Luzhan Z, Genshan M, Jiahong W, Xiaoli Z, Qi Q. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-2518 G/A polymorphism, plasma levels, and premature stable coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:7-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The designation of atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory process represents an exciting and logical paradigm shift for cardiologists. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays an important role in the recruitment and activation of monocytes and thus in the development of atherosclerosis. Enhanced MCP-1 expression has been detected in macrophages, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells in the atheromatous plaque. Activation of macrophages by MCP-1 also appears to be involved in the vulnerability of the plaque. Indeed, circulating MCP-1 levels are elevated in patients with acute myocardial infarction and in those with unstable angina, but not in patients with stable angina. Production of MCP-1 and macrophage accumulation are also observed after coronary angioplasty or grafting, indicating that MCP-1 expression may be related not only to instability of atheromatous plaques, but also to the formation of restenotic lesions. The development of therapeutic drugs for atherosclerosis targeted specially against MCP-1 may be useful in the prevention of plaque formation and future myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uichi Ikeda
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.
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Francisco G, Hernández C, Simó R. Serum markers of vascular inflammation in dyslipemia. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 369:1-16. [PMID: 16469304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Revised: 12/29/2005] [Accepted: 12/30/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is widely recognized as an inflammatory disease because systemic and local inflammatory events mediate all phases of plaque development and progression. Basic and clinical studies have focused on identifying potentially useful markers of inflammation. In this article, we review the inflammatory pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and highlight recent results of several of the more promising markers of inflammation for cardiovascular risk assessment. Of these markers, the most reliable and accessible for clinical use is currently high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP). At present, most clinical guidelines do not recommend routine measurement of these inflammatory markers. However, these serum markers of vascular inflammation may be useful as an adjunct to lipid screening, especially for patients whose lipid values may not be severely elevated, but who are at intermediate risk according to scoring systems that take into account multiple established risk factors. In addition, since the pleiotropic effects of statins include the inhibition of inflammatory response, serum inflammatory markers could also be useful for monitoring this action. Nevertheless, several issues have to be evaluated before the measurements of inflammatory markers can be used for cardiovascular risk prediction in either clinical practice or in clinical trials evaluating anti-atherosclerotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Francisco
- Diabetes Research Unit, Endocrinology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Soejima H, Irie A, Fukunaga T, Sugamura K, Kojima S, Sakamoto T, Yoshimura M, Kishikawa H, Nishimura Y, Ogawa H. Elevated Plasma Osteopontin Levels Were Associated With Osteopontin Expression of CD4+ T Cells in Patients With Unstable Angina. Circ J 2006; 70:851-6. [PMID: 16799237 DOI: 10.1253/circj.70.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plaque instability in patients with unstable angina (UA) is associated with stimulated CD4+ T cells, so the present study investigated whether there is a relationship among plaque instability, osteopontin and CD4+ T cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 51 consecutive patients with UA, 60 patients with stable angina (SA), and 39 patients with chest pain syndrome (CPS). Osteopontin-producing CD4+ T cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Plasma osteopontin levels (ng/ml) were measured by ELISA and were higher in patients with UA (792.0 +/- 316.7) than in those with SA (626.0 +/- 195.0, p < 0.005) or CPS (594.7 +/- 239.4, p < 0.005). The frequency (%) of osteopontin-producing CD4+ T cells was higher in patients with UA (26.7 +/- 13.3) than in those with SA (19.5 +/- 11.1, p < 0.05) or CPS (16.6 +/- 9.0, p < 0.005). Furthermore, the plasma osteopontin level correlated with the frequency of osteopontin-producing CD4+ T cells (r = 0.327, p = 0.0004), as did the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level (r = 0.360, p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The plasma osteopontin levels are elevated in patients with UA, accompanied by an increase in the number of osteopontin-production of circulating CD4+ T cells. Circulating CD4+ T cells may play a role through osteopontin in the pathophysiology of UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Soejima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan.
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18
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Ikonomidis I, Athanassopoulos G, Lekakis J, Venetsanou K, Marinou M, Stamatelopoulos K, Cokkinos DV, Nihoyannopoulos P. Myocardial Ischemia Induces Interleukin-6 and Tissue Factor Production in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation 2005; 112:3272-9. [PMID: 16286589 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.104.532259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and macrophage colony stimulating factor plasma levels are elevated in acute coronary syndromes. IL-6 has an inherent negative inotropic action and, with tissue factor (TF), mediates the ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury. We hypothesized that inducible ischemia leads to cytokine production, TF expression, and consequently persistent left ventricular dysfunction after dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in coronary artery disease patients. METHODS AND RESULTS DSE was performed in 103 patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Blood samples were obtained at rest, at peak stress, and 30 minutes after cessation of dobutamine infusion for measurement of macrophage colony stimulating factor, IL-6, and TF. New or worsening wall motion abnormalities at peak stress and their duration into recovery were noted. Median IL-6 and TF levels were increased at peak stress and at 30 minutes into recovery compared with rest (2.7 and 2.4 versus 2.1 pg/mL for IL-6, 310 and 385 versus 266 pg/mL for TF [P<0.01] in patients with an ischemic response; n=55). Compared with rest, a greater release of IL-6 at peak stress and recovery was observed in patients with increasing number of ischemic segments at peak DSE (2 versus 3 to 4 versus 5 to 6 versus 7 to 8 segments; P=0.03). The time to recovery of wall motion abnormalities was also associated with IL-6 levels at peak stress and recovery (r=0.51 and r=0.39, P<0.05). Macrophage colony stimulating factor levels remained unchanged throughout DSE. CONCLUSIONS Reversible ischemia induced during DSE increases IL-6 and TF plasma levels. IL-6 is related to the extent of left ventricular dysfunction at peak stress and to persistent LV dysfunction during recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatios Ikonomidis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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19
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Haim M, Tanne D, Boyko V, Reshef T, Goldbourt U, Battler A, Mekori YA, Behar S. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Clin Cardiol 2005; 28:31-5. [PMID: 15704530 PMCID: PMC6654341 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960280109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) participates in the recruitment of mononuclear cells to the vessel wall. HYPOTHESIS The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential association between serum concentration of MCP-1 and risk of future cardiovascular events in patients with chronic coronary heart disease. METHODS A nested case control design was used. Baseline serum samples were taken from patients with coronary heart disease who were enrolled in a secondary prevention study. The MCP-1 levels were measured in those patients who had recurrent cardiovascular events during follow-up (n = 233) and compared with levels in age- and gender-matched controls. RESULTS There were no differences in serum MCP-1 levels between cases and controls. The relative odds of a recurrent cardiovascular event for each 1 standard deviation difference in MCP-1 serum concentration (160 pg/ml) was 1.19 (95% confidence interval, 0.95-1.45). No increase in the relative odds for recurrent cardiovascular events was observed per increasing tertiles of MCP-1 concentrations. CONCLUSION Elevated MCP-1 levels are not associated with long-term risk of cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moti Haim
- Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tiqva, Israel.
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20
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Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and the development of atherosclerotic events. Understanding the molecular basis of inflammation has led to the identification of markers that may also serve as new targets of therapy in the management of atherothrombotic disease. Inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), have been shown to predict future cardiovascular events in individuals with and without established cardiovascular disease (CVD). Statins substantially reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and recently their anti-inflammatory properties have been investigated. In this paper, we discuss biomarkers implicated in the inflammatory process leading to atherothrombosis, including CRP, adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), CD40 ligand and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)), and the effect of statins on these markers and their potential relationship to cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie M Ballantyne
- Section of Atherosclerosis and Lipoprotein Research, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin, M.S. A-601, Houston, TX 77030-3498, USA.
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21
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Kusano KF, Nakamura K, Kusano H, Nishii N, Banba K, Ikeda T, Hashimoto K, Yamamoto M, Fujio H, Miura A, Ohta K, Morita H, Saito H, Emori T, Nakamura Y, Kusano I, Ohe T. Significance of the level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human atherosclerosis. Circ J 2005; 68:671-6. [PMID: 15226634 DOI: 10.1253/circj.68.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a potent chemoattractant for monocytes, plays an important role in the earliest events of atherogenesis. However, direct evidence of the effects of MCP-1 on atherosclerosis in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients has not been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS The serum MCP-1 concentrations and the intimal - medial thickness (IMT) in the carotid arteries were measured in 42 non-diabetic chronic HD patients and 20 age-matched controls. The expression of MCP-1 was examined immunohistochemically in radial arterial tissues obtained from the HD patients. IMT and the serum concentration of MCP-1 in the HD patients were both significantly greater than in controls. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the serum concentration of MCP-1 was an independent factor influencing IMT. Tissue immunostaining showed that MCP-1 is expressed in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells and that its level of expression correlates with the serum concentration of MCP-1. CONCLUSIONS An increase in MCP-1 may be an important factor in the progression of atherosclerosis in non-diabetic HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Fukushima Kusano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan.
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22
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Martinovic I, Abegunewardene N, Seul M, Vosseler M, Horstick G, Buerke M, Darius H, Lindemann S. Elevated Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Serum Levels in Patients at Risk for Coronary Artery Disease. Circ J 2005; 69:1484-9. [PMID: 16308496 DOI: 10.1253/circj.69.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial vessel wall as one of the major events leading to atherosclerotic vascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS The study group comprised 263 volunteers aged between 18 and 85 years who were admitted to hospital or clinic for scheduled invasive and non-invasive diagnostic procedures. MCP-1 serum levels were determined using a sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In each patient, the coronary risk factors (CRF), such as hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, obesity, positive family history, and smoking were evaluated. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and hemoglobinA1C levels were determined. Patients with CAD proven by angiography had significantly increased MCP-1 levels. In patients without CAD, the increase in MCP-1 depended on the number of CRF. As a marker for endothelial activation the soluble adhesion molecules, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule and soluble E-selectin were measured and both markers were significantly elevated in patients with CAD or multiple CRF when compared with patients without CRF. Although this is not a direct proof, endothelial activation could contribute to elevated MCP-1 levels in atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Elevated MCP-1 serum levels could serve as a direct marker of the inflammatory activity in patients at risk for coronary artery and other atherosclerotic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Martinovic
- Department of Heart Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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23
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Deo R, Khera A, McGuire DK, Murphy SA, Meo Neto JDP, Morrow DA, de Lemos JA. Association among plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and subclinical atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44:1812-8. [PMID: 15519012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2004] [Revised: 07/04/2004] [Accepted: 07/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the association between plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and the risk for subclinical atherosclerosis. BACKGROUND Monocyte chemoattractant protein is a chemokine that recruits monocytes into the developing atheroma and may contribute to atherosclerotic disease development and progression. Plasma levels of MCP-1 are independently associated with prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes, but few population-based data are available from subjects in earlier stages of atherosclerosis. METHODS In the Dallas Heart Study, a population-based probability sample of adults in Dallas County </=65 years old, plasma levels of MCP-1 were measured in 3,499 subjects and correlated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and coronary artery calcium (CAC) measured by electron beam computed tomography. RESULTS Higher MCP-1 levels were associated with older age, white race, family history of premature coronary disease, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and higher levels of hs-CRP (p < 0.01 for each). Similar associations were observed between MCP-1 and risk factors in the subgroup of participants without detectable CAC. Compared with the subjects in the lowest quartile of MCP-1, the odds of prevalent CAC (CAC score >/=10) for subjects in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.30 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99 to 1.73), 1.60 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.11), and 2.02 (95% CI 1.54 to 2.63), respectively. The association between MCP-1 and CAC remained significant when adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, but not when further adjusted for age. CONCLUSIONS In a large population-based sample, plasma levels of MCP-1 were associated with traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, supporting the hypothesis that MCP-1 may mediate some of the atherogenic effects of these risk factors. These findings support the potential role of MCP-1 as a biomarker target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Deo
- Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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24
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Tanaka T, Nakamura Y, Nasuno A, Mezaki T, Higuchi K, Fukunaga H, Tsuchida K, Ozaki K, Hori T, Matsubara T, Aizawa Y. Plasma Concentrations of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP-1) and Neopterin in the Coronary Circulation of Patients With Coronary Artery Disease-Association With the Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis-. Circ J 2004; 68:114-20. [PMID: 14745144 DOI: 10.1253/circj.68.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dynamics of MCP-1 and neopterin and the relation between their concentrations in coronary circulation and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis were evaluated in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS Blood samples were obtained from the aortic root (Ao) and coronary sinus (CS) of 78 patients who underwent coronary angiography. Plasma MCP-1 and neopterin concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and the CS-Ao differences were calculated. The severity of coronary heart disease (CHD) was evaluated in 52 patients who had no history of coronary angioplasty, using 3 coronary scoring systems: the clinical 1- to 3-vessel disease score, the American Heart Association extension score (1-15 segments), and the Gensini score. The plasma MCP-1 and neopterin concentrations increased significantly with age. The CS-Ao differences for neopterin showed weak, but significant, positive correlation with the Gensini score (r=0.347, p=0.013). There were no correlations among the MCP-1 concentrations in the Ao or CS, or in the CS-Ao difference, with the severity of CHD. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that neopterin is a useful marker of the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with stable CAD, acting as an index of the activity of monocytes/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences., Japan
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25
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de Lemos JA, Morrow DA, Sabatine MS, Murphy SA, Gibson CM, Antman EM, McCabe CH, Cannon CP, Braunwald E. Association between plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2003; 107:690-5. [PMID: 12578870 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000049742.68848.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine responsible for the recruitment of monocytes to sites of inflammation. MCP-1 appears to play a critical role at multiple stages in atherosclerosis, including the initiation of the fatty streak, promotion of plaque instability, and remodeling after myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS MCP-1 was measured from frozen plasma specimens in 279 healthy volunteers and 2270 patients with acute coronary syndromes enrolled in the Oral Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibition with Orbofiban in Patients with Unstable Coronary Syndromes (OPUS-TIMI) 16 trial. Median [25th, 75th percentiles] MCP-1 levels were 157 [124, 196] pg/mL in healthy volunteers and 178 [128, 238] pg/mL in the OPUS-TIMI 16 population (P<0.001). In OPUS-TIMI 16, baseline MCP-1 levels were associated with older age, female sex, hypertension, diabetes, prior coronary disease, and renal insufficiency (P<0.01 for each) but not with smoking status, body mass index, ejection fraction, troponin I or C-reactive protein. After adjustment for differences in baseline characteristics, ECG changes, troponin I, and C-reactive protein, an MCP-1 level >75th percentile (corresponding to the 90th percentile in the healthy volunteers) was associated with an increased risk of death or myocardial infarction through 10 months of follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.14; P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of patients with acute coronary syndromes, an elevated baseline level of MCP-1 was associated both with traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis as well as an increased risk for death or myocardial infarction, independent of baseline variables. Because it appears to play a crucial role at multiple stages of atherosclerosis, MCP-1 is attractive as a surrogate biomarker and merits further study as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A de Lemos
- TIMI Study Group, Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, the University of Texas, Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390-9047, USA.
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26
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Hojo Y, Ikeda U, Takahashi M, Shimada K. Increased levels of monocyte-related cytokines in patients with unstable angina. Atherosclerosis 2002; 161:403-8. [PMID: 11888524 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines play important roles in coronary artery disease. We investigated the clinical significance of monocyte-related cytokine expression in patients with angina pectoris. We studied 26 patients with stable effort angina and 20 patients with unstable angina in whom stenotic lesions of the coronary arteries were confirmed by selective coronary angiography. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured. Plasma levels of IL-6, MCSF, and MCP-1 in patients with unstable angina were significantly higher than those in patients with stable angina or control subjects. Patients with unstable angina were further divided into sub-groups according to their clinical classification; Levels of IL-6, MCSF, and MCP-1 in patients, who had anginal attacks at rest within the 48 h prior to admission (Braunwald class IIIB) were significantly higher than those in patients, who did not have attacks at rest (class IB). Five unstable patients, who were refractory to medical therapy and were referred for emergency coronary revascularization showed marked elevation of plasma MCSF and MCP-1 levels. In conclusion, plasma levels of monocyte-related cytokines were elevated in unstable angina. These increases were marked in patients with unstable angina with recent ischemic attack at rest, suggesting that activation of monocytes is involved in vulnerability of underlying atheromatous plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Hojo
- Department of Cardiology, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi-machi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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27
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Ngeh J, Anand V, Gupta S. Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis -- what we know and what we don't. Clin Microbiol Infect 2002; 8:2-13. [PMID: 11906495 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2002.00382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis include coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, abdominal aortic aneurysm and peripheral vascular disease. World-wide, CAD and stroke are the leading causes of death and disability. The recognition of atherosclerosis as an inflammatory disease in its genesis, progression and ultimate clinical manifestations has created an interesting area of vascular research. Apart from those well-known traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, novel and potentially treatable atherosclerotic risk factors such as homocysteine (an amino acid derived from the metabolism of dietary methionine that induces vascular endothelial dysfunction) and infections have emerged. In fact, the century-old 'infectious' hypothesis of atherosclerosis has implicated a number of micro-organisms that may act as contributing inflammatory stimuli. Although cytomegalovirus, Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae are the three micro-organisms most extensively studied, this review will focus on C. pneumoniae. Collaborative efforts from many disciplines have resulted in the accumulation of evidence from seroepidemiological, pathological, animal model, immunological and antibiotic intervention studies, linking C. pneumoniae with atherosclerosis. Seroepidemiological observations provide circumstantial evidence, which is weak in most prospective studies. Pathological studies have demonstrated the preferential existence of C. pneumoniae in atherosclerotic plaque tissues, while animal model experiments have shown the induction of atherosclerosis by C. pneumoniae. Finally, immunological processes whereby C. pneumoniae could participate in key atherogenic and atherothrombotic events have also been identified. Although benefits of the secondary prevention of atherosclerosis have been demonstrated in some antibiotic intervention studies, a number of negative studies have also emerged. The results of the ongoing large prospective human antibiotic intervention trials may help to finally establish if there is a causal link between C. pneumoniae infection and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ngeh
- Whipps Cross University Hospital, Leytonstone, London E11 1NR, UK
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28
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Hokimoto S, Oike Y, Saito T, Kitaoka M, Oshima S, Noda K, Moriyama Y, Ishibashi F, Ogawa H. Increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in atherectomy specimens from patients with restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Circ J 2002; 66:114-6. [PMID: 11999660 DOI: 10.1253/circj.66.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The plasma concentration of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) antigen is higher in patients with restenosis after coronary angioplasty than in those who do not restenose. In this study the MCP-1 expression of coronary atherectomy specimens was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Samples were obtained from 12 patients with restenosis and 15 with de novo lesions by directional coronary atherectomy. MCP-1 immunoreactivity was found in all patients in the restenosis group and in 8 of the de novo group. The frequency of macrophage expression was higher in the restenosis group than in de novo group. These results indicate that local expression of MCP-1 may be associated with the mechanisms of vascular remodeling after coronary angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Hokimoto
- Division of Cardiology, Kumamoto Central Hospital, Kumamoto City, Japan.
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29
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Reinares L, Figueredo A, Rueda A, Pontes J, Rodr??guez A, Ruiz-Yag??e M, Hern??ndez-Presa M, Pueyo C, Hern??ndez G, Fern??ndez-Cruz A, Pati??o R. Atorvastatin Reduces Expression of the CCR2 and MAC-1 Receptors on Monocytes, and Plasma Levels of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and C-Reactive Protein, in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Clin Drug Investig 2002. [DOI: 10.2165/00044011-200222010-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Abstract
Inflammation is involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and the development of atherosclerotic events. Understanding of the molecular basis of inflammation has led to the identification of markers that may be important new targets in atherothrombotic disease. Inflammatory markers, such as cell adhesion molecules, cytokines, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, have been shown to predict future cardiovascular events in individuals with and without established disease. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors, or statins, inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol and have been demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recently, statins have been shown to modulate several of the mechanisms of inflammation in atherosclerosis in vitro and in vivo, including reduction of inflammatory markers in clinical trials. In this article, we briefly review the biology, epidemiology, and clinical trial data on the effects of statins on some of the more promising inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Case
- Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin, M.S. A-601, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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31
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Zalai CV, Kolodziejczyk MD, Pilarski L, Christov A, Nation PN, Lundstrom-Hobman M, Tymchak W, Dzavik V, Humen DP, Kostuk WJ, Jablonsky G, Pflugfelder PW, Brown JE, Lucas A. Increased circulating monocyte activation in patients with unstable coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38:1340-7. [PMID: 11691505 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this research was to assess the activation level of circulating monocytes in patients with unstable angina. BACKGROUND Markers of systemic inflammatory responses are increased in patients with unstable coronary syndromes, but the activation state and invasive capacity of circulating monocytes have not been directly assessed. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (MC) activation in blood samples isolated from patients with stable and unstable coronary artery disease was measured in two studies. In study 1, a modified Boyden chamber assay was used to assess spontaneous cellular migration rates. In study 2, optical analysis of MC membrane fluidity was correlated with soluble CD14 (sCD14), a cellular activation marker. RESULTS Increased rates of spontaneous monocyte migration (p < 0.01) were detected in patients with unstable angina (UA) (Canadian Cardiovascular Society [CCS] angina class IV) on comparison to patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), stable angina (CCS angina classes I to III) or normal donors. No significant increase in lymphocyte migration was detected in any patient category. Baseline MC membrane fluidity measurements and sCD14 levels in patients with CCS class IV angina were significantly increased on comparison with MCs from normal volunteers (p < 0.001). A concomitant reduction in the MC response to activation was detected (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Using two complementary assays, activated monocytes with increased invasive capacity were detected in the circulation of patients with unstable angina. This is the first demonstration of increased monocyte invasive potential in unstable patients, raising the issue that systemic inflammation may both reflect and potentially drive plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Zalai
- John P. Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Kato Y, Tsuda T, Hosaka Y, Takahashi T, Shirakawa K, Furusako S, Mizuguchi K, Mochizuki H. Effect of trapidil on effector functions of monocytes related to atherosclerotic plaque. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 428:371-9. [PMID: 11689197 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells play an important role in the formation and stability of coronary atherosclerotic plaque in patients with acute coronary syndrome. In this study, we evaluated the effect of trapidil, an anti-platelet agent, on atheroma-related functions of human T cells and monocytes. Trapidil and anti-CD154 (CD40 ligand) antibody inhibited the increase of procoagulant activity in the mixed lymphocyte reaction; trapidil also suppressed the induction of tissue factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Trapidil did not alter CD154 expression on isolated T cells, but it diminished CD40 expression on isolated monocytes and human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells stimulated with interferon-gamma. Moreover, trapidil reduced MCP-1 production of isolated monocytes and THP-1 cells stimulated with interferon-gamma plus CD154-transfected cells. This effect was not seen with other tested anti-platelet agents and coronary vasodilators. In conclusion, trapidil directly acts on monocytes/macrophages to lower their susceptibility to CD154 on T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kato
- Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 722 Jimba-aza-Uenohara, Gotemba, 412-8524, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Lee WH, Lee Y, Jeong JO, Lee SY, Choi YH, Park JE. Activation of CD14 on circulating monocytes in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2001; 80:135-42. [PMID: 11578706 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(01)00457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports the involvement of inflammation in acute phase of coronary artery diseases. METHODS We analyzed the status of activation of inflammatory cells in 38 patients with acute coronary syndrome, 14 stable angina patients, and 19 control subjects by flow-cytometry. Expression levels of CD14 and the percentage of HLA-DR(+) T-lymphocytes were used as markers of monocyte and T-lymphocytes activation, respectively. RESULTS The expression of CD14 on monocytes in acute coronary syndrome patients (mean fluorescence intensity+/-S.D.=158.1+/-77.1) was increased significantly in comparison to control subjects (57.1+/-8.0) and the stable angina group (63.6+/-22.0) (P<0.0001 for both). A significantly higher percentage of HLA-DR positive T-lymphocytes (20.4+/-9.0 vs. 12.7+/-3.7%, P<0.01) was observed in acute coronary syndrome patients in comparison to control subjects. Incubation of whole blood cells with bacterial lipopolysaccharide resulted in a 2.4-fold higher secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in acute coronary syndrome patients than in control subjects (P<0.05). When these markers of activation were measured in acute coronary syndrome patients 6 weeks after medical treatment, a significant reduction both in monocytic CD14 expression and percentage of HLA-DR positive T-lymphocytes (P<0.05 for both) was observed. DISCUSSION We observed markedly increased levels of monocytic CD14 expression in ACS patients, which appear to indicate the activated status of monocytes and hyper-responsiveness to external stimuli. The CD14 expression levels decreased as the patients were treated, indicating that the expression of CD14 accurately represents the activation status of monocytes during the acute phase of coronary artery diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Lee
- Cardiology Division, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
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Lindmark E, Wallentin L, Siegbahn A. Blood cell activation, coagulation, and inflammation in men and women with coronary artery disease. Thromb Res 2001; 103:249-59. [PMID: 11672587 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(01)00313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated in some detail the immunologic and procoagulant activation patterns in men and women with unstable (UA, n=26) versus stable (SA, n=40) coronary artery disease (CAD). Leukocyte activation and platelet-leukocyte complex formation were assessed by flow cytometry. Plasma markers of coagulation and inflammation were analyzed. Unstable patients displayed higher levels of platelet-leukocyte complexes (P<.001), of leukocyte CD11b (P<.01), and of T cell HLA-DR (P<.05) than healthy controls did. Female UA patients presented the highest degree of complexes. SA patients only differed significantly from controls with respect to HLA-DR (P=.02). UA patients had higher levels of C-reactive protein (P<.01), IL-6 (P<.001), IL-10 (P<.01), and soluble fibrin (P<.001) than did stable ones. Regarding P-selectin levels, 25% of SA and 50% of UA patients were above normal range. Again, UA women presented the highest marker amounts. As for soluble tissue factor, women had higher levels than men regardless of the severity of disease (P<.001 in SA). We conclude that in unstable coronary syndromes, there is an activation of both coagulation and inflammation that coincides with an increased activation of platelets and leukocytes. Cellular interactions may contribute to the systemic responses observed. Women have different patterns of cellular activation than men, indicating differences in pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lindmark
- Laboratory for Coagulation Research, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Oshima S, Ogawa H, Hokimoto S, Nakamura S, Noda K, Saito T, Soejima H, Takazoe K, Ishibashi F, Yasue H. Plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 antigen levels and the risk of restenosis after coronary stent implantation. JAPANESE CIRCULATION JOURNAL 2001; 65:261-4. [PMID: 11316119 DOI: 10.1253/jcj.65.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays a fundamental role in monocyte recruitment and has been implicated in atherosclerosis. The present study tested the hypothesis that increased levels of MCP-1 are associated with an increased risk for restenosis post stent implantation. The plasma MCP-1 antigen levels were measured pre-stenting, and at 24 and 48 h and 6 months post stenting in 41 patients with stable exertional angina (SEA) who had undergone successful stent implantation. Nineteen patients with chest pain syndrome were selected as a control group. Initial plasma MCP-1 antigen levels (mean +/- SE, pg/ml) in the patients with SEA were significantly higher than those in the control group (852.3+/-51.4 vs 418.2+/-26.7, p<0.001). The patients with SEA were divided into 2 groups based on follow-up angiographic findings: 17 patients with restenosis (R group); 24 patients without restenosis (N group). The lesion was significantly longer in the R group than in the N group (p<0.03). Plasma MCP-1 antigen levels at pre-stenting were not significantly different between the 2 groups (820.6+/-69.1 in the R group vs 874.7+/-73.8 in the N group). Serial changes of plasma MCP-1 levels were plotted as percent changes from the initial levels (mean +/- SE, %) and were significantly higher in the R group than in the N group at 48 h and at 6 months post stent implantation (104.6+/-4.8 vs 89.2+/-3.4, p<0.01, 109.6+/-11.2 vs 98.5+/-5.0, p<0.05). The study concludes that MCP-1 production at stented coronary arterial sites is associated with an increased risk for restenosis post stent implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oshima
- Division of Cardiology, Kumamoto Central Hospital, Japan
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Hokimoto S, Ogawa H, Saito T, Oshima S, Noda K, Soejima H, Takazoe K, Date H, Ishibashi F, Nakamura S, Yasue H. Increased plasma antigen levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. JAPANESE CIRCULATION JOURNAL 2000; 64:831-4. [PMID: 11110426 DOI: 10.1253/jcj.64.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries. To examine whether or not plasma antigen levels of MCP-1 are related to restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), the plasma antigen levels of MCP-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pg/ml) before, 24 and 48 h, and 3 months after elective PTCA for stable exertional angina performed between June 1997 and March 1998. Restenosis was defined as recurrence of stenosis greater than 50% of the diameter in the dilated segment at 3-month follow-up angiography. There were no differences in plasma MCP-1 antigen levels before and at 24 h after PTCA between restenosis (R; n=27) and no-restenosis (N; n=43) groups (R vs N: 633+/-35 vs 589+/-34, and 669+/-41 vs 575+/-36 pg/ml before and at 24 h after PTCA, respectively), but plasma MCP-1 antigen levels were higher at 48 h and 3 months after PTCA in the R than in N group (R vs N: 678+/-41 vs 558+/-35, and 735+/-35 vs 571+/-32 pg/ml at 48 h and 3 months after PTCA, respectively). These data suggest that the MCP-1 production and macrophage accumulation in the balloon-injured site is partially associated with restenosis after PTCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hokimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Central Hospital, Japan
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Choi YH, Lee WH, Lee Y, Kim JK, Lee SY, Park JE. Correlation between monocyte and T-lymphocyte activation markers in patients with acute coronary syndrome. JAPANESE HEART JOURNAL 2000; 41:605-15. [PMID: 11132167 DOI: 10.1536/jhj.41.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggesting the involvement of activated monocytes and T-lymphocytes in the acute phase of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been increasing. But a detailed analysis of a correlation between monocyte and T-lymphocyte activation markers in CAD has not yet been done. We analyzed plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the expression levels of CD14 and CD11b on monocytes and the percentage of HLA-DR T-lymphocytes in 25 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 12 stable angina (SA) patients, and 23 control subjects using flow-cytometry. The expression of CD14 by monocytes was increased significantly in ACS patients (activation index 38.7 +/- 2.5, mean +/- SEM) in comparison to the control subjects (8.0 +/- 1.9) and the SA patients (16.9 +/- 3.9) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The expression of CD11b by monocytes of ACS patients (4.6 +/- 0.6) was also increased significantly in comparison to control subjects (2.2 +/- 0.1) and the SA patients (2.2 +/- 0.3) (p < 0.001 for both). Also, a significantly higher percentage of HLA-DR positive T-lymphocytes (19.2 +/- 1.8 vs 13.5 +/- 1.2%, p < 0.05) was observed among ACS patients in comparison to control subjects. Significant increases in plasma CRP levels were also detected in ACS patients. Furthermore, there were statistically significant correlations among these activation markers. These results indicate that activation of inflammatory cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of ACS. The correlation between the activation status of monocytes and T-lymphocytes indicates that the activation of these immune cells is linked in such a way that activation of one type of cell may lead to the activation of another type of cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Choi
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Arnaud E, Barbalat V, Nicaud V, Cambien F, Evans A, Morrison C, Arveiler D, Luc G, Ruidavets JB, Emmerich J, Fiessinger JN, Aiach M. Polymorphisms in the 5' regulatory region of the tissue factor gene and the risk of myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolism: the ECTIM and PATHROS studies. Etude Cas-Témoins de l'Infarctus du Myocarde. Paris Thrombosis case-control Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20:892-8. [PMID: 10712418 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.20.3.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane protein considered to be responsible for the initiation of coagulation. TF gene expression may be induced in monocytes and endothelial cells and is present in atherosclerotic plaque to initiate thrombus formation. To investigate whether individual differences in TF gene expression could predispose subjects to thrombosis, we sequenced the 5' domain of the gene up to nucleotide 2732 and found 6 different polymorphisms: 4 of them were completely concordant and defined 2 haplotypes with similar frequencies, designated as 1208 D and 1208 I. Genotyping of patients with myocardial infarction in a case-control study involving 2354 subjects showed no association between the polymorphisms and nonfatal coronary thrombosis. In another study involving 255 patients with venous thromboembolism and 1204 controls, allele D was less common in the cases (P=0.022). The odds ratio associated with the presence of at least 1 D allele was 0.72 (P=0. 031). Comparison of subgroups of control subjects who were homozygous for the D or I allele demonstrated a lower plasma TF concentration in DD homozygotes. These results indicate that the TF gene promoter exists in 2 major forms differing at 4 sites. The 1208 D haplotype is not associated with coronary thrombosis but is associated with reduced plasma TF levels and a lower risk of venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Arnaud
- Laboratoire d'Hémostase and Service des Maladies Vasculaires, Hôpital Broussais-AP-HP, and Unité INSERM 428, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
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Soejima H, Ogawa H, Yasue H, Kaikita K, Takazoe K, Nishiyama K, Misumi K, Miyamoto S, Yoshimura M, Kugiyama K, Nakamura S, Tsuji I. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition reduces monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tissue factor levels in patients with myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 34:983-8. [PMID: 10520779 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of enalapril therapy on plasma tissue factor (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND Macrophages express TF in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Both TF and TFPI are major regulators of coagulation and thrombosis. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is a monocyte and macrophage chemotactic and activating factor. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study beginning about two weeks after myocardial infarction, 16 patients received four weeks of placebo (placebo group) and another 16 patients received four weeks of enalapril 5 mg daily therapy (enalapril group). We performed blood sampling after administration of the doses. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, plasma TF, free TFPI or MCP-1 levels before administration between the enalapril and placebo groups. In the enalapril group, ACE activity (IU/liter) (14.0 before, 5.2 on day 3, 5.8 on day 7, 6.3 on day 28), TF levels (pg/ml) (223, 203, 182, 178) and MCP-1 levels (pg/ml) (919, 789, 790, 803) significantly decreased by day 28. However, the free TFPI levels (ng/ml) (28.2, 26.5, 26.8, 28.4) did not change. These four variables were unchanged during the study period in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that administration of enalapril reduces the increased procoagulant activity in patients with myocardial infarction associated with inhibition of the activation and accumulation of macrophages and monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Soejima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto City, Japan
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