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Wang J, Ru QM, Yu XH, Wang C, Li K, Han CZY, Li N, Zhao J, Wood JN, Liu X, Wang R, Wang Y. Direct inhibition of microglial activation by a μ receptor selective agonist alleviates inflammatory-induced pain hypersensitivity. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 961:176182. [PMID: 37951488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Opioids are widely used in the treatment of moderate and severe pain. Nociceptive stimulation has been reported to potentially promote microglial activation and neuroinflammation, which also causes chronic pain sensitization. The aim of this study was to demonstrate whether the novel μ receptor agonist MEL-0614 could inhibit activated microglia directly and the associated signaling pathway. Mice were administered lipopolysaccharide and formalin to induce allodynia. Von Frey test was used to detect the anti-allodynia effect of MEL-0614 before and after LPS and formalin injection. In the spinal cord, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and microglial activation were determined after MEL-0614 administration. BV2 and primary microglia were cultured to further explore the effect of MEL-0614 on LPS-induced microglial activation and key signaling pathways involved. MEL-0614 partially prevented and reversed allodynia induced by LPS and formalin in vivo, which was not inhibited by the μ receptor antagonist CTAP. Minocycline was effective in reversing the established allodynia. MEL-0614 also downregulated the activation of microglia and related proinflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord. Additionally, in BV2 and primary microglia, MEL-0614 inhibited the LPS-induced upregulation of proinflammatory factors, which was unaffected by CTAP. The NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) related signaling pathway may be involved in the interaction between MEL-0614 and microglia. The opioid agonist MEL-0614 inhibited the activation of microglia and the subsequent upregulation of proinflammatory factors both in vivo and in vitro. Notably, this effect is partially mediated by the μ receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Min Ru
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changlong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao-Zhen-Yi Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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2
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Ye P, Duan W, Leng YQ, Wang YK, Tan X, Wang WZ. DPP3: From biomarker to therapeutic target of cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:974035. [PMID: 36312232 PMCID: PMC9605584 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.974035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally among non-communicable diseases, which imposes a serious socioeconomic burden on patients and the healthcare system. Therefore, finding new strategies for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases is of great significance in reducing the number of deaths and disabilities worldwide. Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) is the first zinc-dependent peptidase found among DPPs, mainly distributes within the cytoplasm. With the unique HEXXGH catalytic sequence, it is associated with the degradation of oligopeptides with 4 to 10 amino acids residues. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that DPP3 plays a significant role in almost all cellular activities and pathophysiological mechanisms. Regarding the role of DPP3 in cardiovascular diseases, it is currently mainly used as a biomarker for poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases, suggesting that the level of DPP3 concentration in plasma is closely linked to the mortality of diseases such as cardiogenic shock and heart failure. Interestingly, it has been reported recently that DPP3 regulates blood pressure by interacting with the renin-angiotensin system. In addition, DPP3 also participates in the processes of pain signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress. But the exact mechanism by which DPP3 affects cardiovascular function is not clear. Hence, this review summarizes the recent advances in the structure and catalytic activity of DPP3 and its extensive biological functions, especially its role as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases. It will provide a theoretical basis for exploring the potential value of DPP3 as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Duan
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiology Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yue-Qi Leng
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Kai Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China,Xing Tan
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Wei-Zhong Wang
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Lu YC, Yin JB, Bai Y, Li X, Zhang T, Yang J, Yi XN, Zhang MM, Li YQ. Morphological Features of Endomorphin-2-immunoreactive Ultrastructures in the Dorsal Root Ganglion and Spinal Dorsal Horn of the Rat. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 125:102142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Brouns F, Shewry PR. Do gluten peptides stimulate weight gain in humans? NUTR BULL 2022; 47:186-198. [PMID: 35915782 PMCID: PMC9328276 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Observations from animal and in vitro laboratory research, and anecdotal evidence, have led to the suggestion that gluten consumption stimulates weight gain by the presence of peptides expressing opioid activity. Another proposed mechanism is that gluten peptides decrease resting energy expenditure resulting in a positive energy balance. In order to induce such effects in vivo, intact food peptides must be absorbed in sufficient quantities, remain intact in the blood for sufficient time to have long‐lasting biological activity and bind to receptors involved in appetite, satiety and energy regulation. However, although peptides from food may pass from the intestine into the blood in extremely low quantities, they are generally rapidly degraded by plasma and vasculum‐bound aminopeptidases, resulting in very short half‐lives and loss of bioactivity. At present, gluten peptide sequences that influence regulators of energy metabolism have not been identified. Furthermore, data on the quantitative absorption of gluten peptides in the blood stream, their stability and lasting bioactivity are also lacking. Therefore, there is no evidence for proposed effects on driving appetite by the brain, nor on energy expenditure and weight gain. Furthermore, the level of overweight observed in various countries appears to be independent of the level of wheat consumption, and abundant observational evidence in humans shows that the levels of gluten consumption are neither related to daily calorie intake nor to BMI. This narrative review therefore discusses the proposed effects of gluten on bodyweight (BW) and putative biological mechanisms in the light of the current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Brouns
- School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
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Rahimi S, Dadfar B, Tavakolian G, Asadi Rad A, Rashid Shabkahi A, Siahposht-Khachaki A. Morphine attenuates neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption following traumatic brain injury through the opioidergic system. Brain Res Bull 2021; 176:103-111. [PMID: 34464684 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous opiates are suggested to have a role in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, administration of opioidergic agents in TBI injured animals have been shown to affect the brain injury and provide neuroprotection post-TBI. This study aims to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of morphine through inhibition of neuroinflammatory pathways in acute severe TBI. Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (24 rats per group): Sham, Vehicle (TBI + intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of normal saline), TBI + i.p injection of morphine in 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg doses (MOR 1, MOR 5 and MOR 10 groups), TBI + morphine (5 mg/kg i.p) + Naloxone (NAL + MOR), and TBI + morphine (5 mg/kg i.p) + Naltrindole (NALT + MOR). A severe diffuse TBI model (weight dropping Marmarou model) was used to induce TBI in rats. The veterinary coma scale (VCS), beam-walk, and beam-balance tasks were used to assess short-term neurological deficits. Histolopathological changes of brain tissue was evaluated using light microscopy and hematoxilin and eosin staining. Blood-Brain barrier (BBB) disruption was evaluated by the Evans Blue method 6 h post-injury. Brain water content and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) content of IL-1β and IL-10 were assessed by the wet-dry method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Morphine (1 and 5 mg/kg doses) attenuated BBB leakage, improved VCS score, pathological changes of brain tissue, and vestibulomotor function compared to the vehicle group (p < 0.0001). Only 5 mg/kg morphine attenuated brain edema (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, 1 and 5 mg/kg morphine significantly changed CSF concentration of IL-1β and IL-10 compared to the vehicle group (p < 0.0001). Inhibition of opioid receptors by naloxone and naltrindole abolished morphine neuroprotective effects (p < 0.0001 vs. MOR 5 group). This study suggests that morphine administration inhibits TBI-mediated neuroinflammation via opioid receptors and improves neurobehavioral function following TBI, which provides a potential therapeutic opportunity in the treatment of traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Rahimi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department for BioMedical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Behzad Dadfar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Golvash Tavakolian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Arya Asadi Rad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Ali Rashid Shabkahi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Ali Siahposht-Khachaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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The stress - Reproductive axis in fish: The involvement of functional neuroanatomical systems in the brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 112:101904. [PMID: 33278567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine-stress axis of nonmammalian species is evolutionarily conserved, which makes them useful to serve as important model systems for elucidating the function of the vertebrate stress response. The involvement of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormones in regulation of stress and reproduction is well described in different vertebrates. However, the stress response is a complex process, which appears to be controlled by a number of neurochemicals in association with hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis or independent of HPI axis in fish. In recent years, the participation of neurohormones other than HPI axis in regulation of stress and reproduction is gaining more attention. This review mainly focuses on the involvement of functional neuroanatomical systems such as the catecholaminergic neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) and opioid peptides in regulation of the stress-reproductive axis in fish. Occurrences of DA and opioid peptides like β-endorphin, enkephalins, dynorphin, and endomorphins have been demonstrated in fish brain, and diverse roles such as pain modulation, social behaviour and reproduction are implicated for these hormones. Neuroanatomical studies using retrograde tracing, immunohistochemical staining and lesion methods have demonstrated that the neurons originating in the preoptic region and the nucleus lateralis tuberis directly innervate the pituitary gland and, therefore, the hypophysiotrophic role of these hormones. In addition, heightened synthetic and secretory activity of the opioidergic and the dopaminergic neurons in hypothalamic areas of the brain during stress exposure suggest potentially intricate relationship with the stress-reproductive axis in fish. Current evidence in early vertebrates like fish provides a novel insight into the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms as additional pathways along the stress-reproductive axis that seem to be conserved during the course of evolution.
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MEL endomorphins act as potent inflammatory analgesics with the inhibition of activated non-neuronal cells and modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Neuropharmacology 2020; 168:107992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Wu ZY, Lu YC, Feng B, Chen YB, Bai Y, Zhang T, Zhang H, Chen T, Dong YL, Li H, Li YQ. Endomorphin-2 Decreases Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in the Spinal Ventral Horn of the Rat. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:55. [PMID: 28848403 PMCID: PMC5550698 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor impairment is one of the serious side-effects of morphine, which is an exogenous agonist of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) as well as a widely used analgesic drug in clinical practice for chronic pain treatment. Endomorphins (EMs, including EM-1 and EM-2), the most effective and specific endogenous agonists of the MOR, exert more potent analgesia in acute and neuropathic pain than other opiates, such as morphine. Although EMs had fewer side-effects comparing to other opiates, motor impairment was still one unwanted reaction which limited its clinical application. In order to prevent and treat the motor impairment, it is critical to reveal the neural mechanisms underlying such locomotion disorder. The purpose of the present study was to reveal the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of EM-2 on the activity of motoneurons in the spinal ventral horn. First, we examine the distribution of EM-2-immunoreactive (IR) primary afferent fibers and their synaptic connections with the motoneurons innervating the skeletal muscles of the lower limb revealed by sciatic nerve retrograde tracing. The results showed that EM-2-IR fibers and terminals were sparsely observed in lamina IX and they formed symmetric synaptic connections with the motoneurons within lamina IX of the spinal ventral horn. Then, whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to observe the effects of EM-2 on the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC) of motoneurons in lamina IX. The results showed that EM-2 could decrease both the frequency and amplitude of the sEPSC of the motoneurons in lamina IX, which was reversed by the MOR antagonist CTOP. These results indicate that EM-2-IR fibers originated from primary afferent fibers form symmetric synaptic connections with motoneurons innervating skeletal muscles of the lower limbs in lamina IX of the spinal ventral horn and EM-2 might exert inhibitory effects on the activities of these motoneurons through both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Wu
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Ya-Cheng Lu
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Ban Feng
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Ying-Biao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Fujian Health CollegeMinhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ling Dong
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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Ganesh CB. Distribution of endomorphin-like-immunoreactive neurones in the brain of the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28178768 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphins (EMs) are tetrapeptides involved in pain and neuroendocrine responses with a high affinity for μ-opioid receptors in mammals. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of EM-like-immunoreactive (EM-L-IR) neurones in the brain of the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Application of antisera against EM-1 and 2 (EM-1-2) revealed the presence of EM-L-IR somata and fibres throughout the different subdivisions of the olfactory bulb, such as the olfactory nerve layer and the granule cell layer. Although the extensions of EM-L-IR fibres were seen along the medial olfactory tract, intensely labelled EM-L-IR somata were found in different subdivisions of the telencephalon. In the diencephalon, intensely stained EM-L-IR neurones were noted in the preoptic area, the nucleus preopticus pars magnocellularis, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the nucleus lateralis tuberis pars lateralis and the nucleus lateralis tuberis pars medialis regions, whereas projections of EM-L-IR fibres were also seen along the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract, suggesting a possible hypophysiotrophic role for these neurones. Intense to moderately stained EM-L-IR neurones were noted in different subdivisions of thalamic nucleus, such as the dorsal posterior thalamic nucleus, commissura posterior, ventromedial thalamic nucleus, nucleus posterior tuberis, ventrolateral thalamic nucleus and medial preglomerular nucleus. Numerous intensely stained perikarya and axonal fibres were also noted throughout the inferior lobe, along the periventricular margin of the reccessus lateralis and in the nucleus recesus lateralis regions. In addition, numerous moderately labelled EM-like neuronal populations were found in the secondary gustatory nucleus and rostral spinal cord. The widespread distribution of EM-L-IR neurones throughout the brain and spinal cord indicates the diverse roles for these cells in neuroendocrine and neuromodulatory responses for the first time in fish. The present study provides further insights into the possible existence of EM-like peptides in early vertebrate lines and suggests that these peptides might have been well-conserved during the course of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Ganesh
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
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10
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Kumar P, Reithofer V, Reisinger M, Wallner S, Pavkov-Keller T, Macheroux P, Gruber K. Substrate complexes of human dipeptidyl peptidase III reveal the mechanism of enzyme inhibition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23787. [PMID: 27025154 PMCID: PMC4824452 DOI: 10.1038/srep23787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dipeptidyl-peptidase III (hDPP III) is a zinc-dependent hydrolase cleaving dipeptides off the N-termini of various bioactive peptides. Thus, the enzyme is likely involved in a number of physiological processes such as nociception and is also implicated in several forms of cancer. We present high-resolution crystal structures of hDPP III in complex with opioid peptides (Met-and Leu-enkephalin, endomorphin-2) as well as with angiotensin-II and the peptide inhibitor IVYPW. These structures confirm the previously reported large conformational change of the enzyme upon ligand binding and show that the structure of the closed conformation is independent of the nature of the bound peptide. The overall peptide-binding mode is also conserved ensuring the correct positioning of the scissile peptide bond with respect to the catalytic zinc ion. The structure of the angiotensin-II complex shows, how longer peptides are accommodated in the binding cleft of hDPP III. Differences in the binding modes allow a distinction between real substrates and inhibitory peptides or “slow” substrates. The latter displace a zinc bound water molecule necessitating the energetically much less favoured anhydride mechanism as opposed to the favoured promoted-water mechanism. The structural data also form the necessary framework for the design of specific hDPP III inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Viktoria Reithofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Reisinger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Wallner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- ACIB - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/3, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
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11
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Signals for increase of μ-opioid receptor expression in muscle by hyperglycemia. Neurosci Lett 2014; 582:109-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Spinal changes of a newly isolated neuropeptide endomorphin-2 concomitant with vincristine-induced allodynia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89583. [PMID: 24586889 PMCID: PMC3933549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CNP) is the major dose-limiting factor in cancer chemotherapy. However, the neural mechanisms underlying CNP remain unclear. There is increasing evidence implicating the involvement of spinal endomorphin-2 (EM2) in neuropathic pain. In this study, we used a vincristine-evoked rat CNP model displaying mechanical allodynia and central sensitization, and observed a significant decrease in the expression of spinal EM2 in CNP. Also, while intrathecal administration of exogenous EM2 attenuated allodynia and central sensitization, the mu-opioid receptor antagonist β-funaltrexamine facilitated these events. We found that the reduction in spinal EM2 was mediated by increased activity of dipeptidylpeptidase IV, possibly as a consequence of chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress. Taken together, our findings suggest that a decrease in spinal EM2 expression causes the loss of endogenous analgesia and leads to enhanced pain sensation in CNP.
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Infusion of endomorphin-1 (EM-1) in the MPOA and the Me modulate sexual and socio-sexual behavior in the male rat. Brain Res 2013; 1517:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Colasanti A, Searle GE, Long CJ, Hill SP, Reiley RR, Quelch D, Erritzoe D, Tziortzi AC, Reed LJ, Lingford-Hughes AR, Waldman AD, Schruers KRJ, Matthews PM, Gunn RN, Nutt DJ, Rabiner EA. Endogenous opioid release in the human brain reward system induced by acute amphetamine administration. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 72:371-7. [PMID: 22386378 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to demonstrate a pharmacologically stimulated endogenous opioid release in the living human brain by evaluating the effects of amphetamine administration on [(11)C]carfentanil binding with positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS Twelve healthy male volunteers underwent [(11)C]carfentanil PET before and 3 hours after a single oral dose of d-amphetamine (either a "high" dose, .5 mg/kg, or a sub-pharmacological "ultra-low" dose, 1.25 mg total dose or approximately .017 mg/kg). Reductions in [(11)C]carfentanil binding from baseline to post-amphetamine scans (ΔBP(ND)) after the "high" and "ultra-low" amphetamine doses were assessed in 10 regions of interest. RESULTS [(11)C]carfentanil binding was reduced after the "high" but not the "ultra-low" amphetamine dose in the frontal cortex, putamen, caudate, thalamus, anterior cingulate, and insula. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that oral amphetamine administration induces endogenous opioid release in different areas of human brain, including basal ganglia, frontal cortex areas, and thalamus. The combination of an amphetamine challenge and [(11)C]carfentanil PET is a practical and robust method to probe the opioid system in the living human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Colasanti
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
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15
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Entropy-driven binding of opioid peptides induces a large domain motion in human dipeptidyl peptidase III. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:6525-30. [PMID: 22493238 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1118005109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid peptides are involved in various essential physiological processes, most notably nociception. Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is one of the most important enkephalin-degrading enzymes associated with the mammalian pain modulatory system. Here we describe the X-ray structures of human DPP III and its complex with the opioid peptide tynorphin, which rationalize the enzyme's substrate specificity and reveal an exceptionally large domain motion upon ligand binding. Microcalorimetric analyses point at an entropy-dominated process, with the release of water molecules from the binding cleft ("entropy reservoir") as the major thermodynamic driving force. Our results provide the basis for the design of specific inhibitors that enable the elucidation of the exact role of DPP III and the exploration of its potential as a target of pain intervention strategies.
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16
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Cravezic A, Fichna J, Gach K, Wyrebska A, Perlikowska R, Costentin J, Bonnet JJ, Janecka A, do Rego JC. Effect of potent endomorphin degradation blockers on analgesic and antidepressant-like responses in mice. Neuropharmacology 2011; 61:1229-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Adolph MD, Stretanski MF, McGregor JM, Rawn BL, Ross PM, Benedetti C. Intracerebroventricular Morphine for Refractory Cancer Pain: Transitioning to the Home Setting. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2010; 27:326-32. [DOI: 10.1177/1049909109355150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractory cancer pain may be effectively controlled by titrating intracerebroventricular (ICV) preservative-free opioid. In this case report, a continuous infusion of ICV morphine permitted our patient with lung cancer and painful spinal metastases to be discharged to home hospice with family. The approach exploits the high potency of morphine injected into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Sterile, injectable, preservative-free morphine is directly infused into CSF through a subcutaneous Ommaya reservoir placed under the scalp by a neurosurgeon, with an attached catheter passed through a burr hole in the skull with its tip in a cerebral ventricle. Although investigators have described home care of patients receiving intraspinal analgesics, no report describes the process of transitioning the patient receiving continuous ICV morphine infusion to the home setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Adolph
- Medicine and Surgery, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio,
| | - Michael F. Stretanski
- MedCentral Hospice; Interventional Spine & Pain Rehabilitation Center, Ltd, Mansfield, Ohio
| | - John M. McGregor
- Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bonnie L. Rawn
- James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Patrick M. Ross
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Costantino Benedetti
- Department of Anesthesiology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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18
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Yan Zhang, Qiuyue Chen, Yu LC. Morphine: A Protective or Destructive Role in Neurons? Neuroscientist 2008; 14:561-570. [DOI: 10.1177/1073858408314434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Morphine has received intensive research interest for a long time. However, until recently, the protective versus destructive roles of morphine in the neuronal system have not been studied. There is evidence suggesting that morphine induces apoptotic cell death in neuronal and glial cells, whereas controversial studies support a neuroprotective role for morphine. The exact mechanisms for both protective and destructive pathways are not clear and are still under investigation. Improved understanding of morphine neuroprotection and neurotoxicity will be helpful to control morphine side effects in medical applications and to identify new targets for potential therapies and prevention strategies to opioid addiction. NEUROSCIENTIST 14(6):561-570, 2008. DOI:
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China,
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Chuan Yu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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19
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Botros M, Johansson T, Zhou Q, Lindeberg G, Tömböly C, Tóth G, Le Grevès P, Nyberg F, Hallberg M. Endomorphins interact with the substance P (SP) aminoterminal SP(1-7) binding in the ventral tegmental area of the rat brain. Peptides 2008; 29:1820-4. [PMID: 18597894 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have recently identified a specific binding site for the tachykinin peptide substance P (SP) fragment SP(1-7) in the rat spinal cord. This site appeared very specific for SP(1-7) as the binding affinity of this compound highly exceeded those of other SP fragments. We also observed that endomorphin-2 (EM-2) exhibited high potency in displacing SP(1-7) from this site. In the present work using a [(3)H]-labeled derivative of the heptapeptide we have identified and characterized [(3)H]-SP(1-7) binding in the rat ventral tegmental area (VTA). Similarly to the [(3)H]-SP(1-7) binding in the spinal cord the affinity of unlabeled SP(1-7) to the specific site in VTA was significantly higher than those of other SP fragments. Further, the tachykinin receptor NK-1, NK-2 and NK-3 ligands showed no or negligible binding to the identified site. However, the mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor agonists DAMGO, EM-1 and EM-2 did, and significant difference was observed in the binding affinity between the two endomorphins. As recorded from displacement curves the affinity of EM-2 for the SP(1-7) site was 4-5 times weaker than that for SP(1-7) but about 5 times higher than that of EM-1. The opioid receptor antagonists naloxone and naloxonazine showed weak or negligible binding. It was concluded that the specific site identified for SP(1-7) binding in the rat VTA is distinct from the MOP receptor although it exhibits high affinity for EM-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Botros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Anton B, Leff P, Calva JC, Acevedo R, Salazar A, Matus M, Pavón L, Martinez M, Meissler JJ, Adler MW, Gaughan JP, Eisenstein TK. Endomorphin 1 and endomorphin 2 suppress in vitro antibody formation at ultra-low concentrations: anti-peptide antibodies but not opioid antagonists block the activity. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:824-32. [PMID: 18374539 PMCID: PMC3926125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endomorphin 1 (EM-1) and endomorphin 2 (EM-2) were tested for their capacity to alter immune function. Addition of either of these peptides to murine spleen cells in vitro inhibited antibody formation to sheep red blood cells in a bi-phasic dose dependent manner. Maximal inhibition was achieved at doses in the range of 10(-13) to 10(-15)M. Neither naloxone (general opioid receptor antagonist) nor CTAP (selective mu opioid receptor antagonist) blocked the immunosuppressive effect. To show that there was specificity to the immunosuppressive activity of the peptides, affinity-purified rabbit antibodies were raised against each of the synthetic EM peptides haptenized to KLH and tested for capacity to inhibit immunosuppression. Antibody responses were monitored by a standard solid phase antibody capture ELISA, and antibodies were purified by immunochromatography using the synthetic peptides coupled to a Sepharose 6B resin. Verification of the specificity of affinity-purified antisera was performed by immunodot-blot and solid-phase RIA assays. The antisera specific for both EM-1 and EM-2 neutralized the immunosuppressive effects of their respective peptides in a dose-related manner. Control normal rabbit IgG had no blocking activity on either EM-1 or EM-2. These studies show that the endomorphins are immunomodulatory at ultra-low concentrations, but the data do not support a mechanism involving the mu-opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Anton
- Molecular Neurobiology and Addictive Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Phillipe Leff
- Molecular Neurobiology and Addictive Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan C. Calva
- Molecular Neurobiology and Addictive Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Acevedo
- Molecular Neurobiology and Addictive Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Salazar
- Department of Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maura Matus
- Department of Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Department of Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martin Martinez
- Department of Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joseph J. Meissler
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin W. Adler
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John P. Gaughan
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Toby K. Eisenstein
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Chen T, Hui R, Wang XL, Zhang T, Dong YX, Li YQ. Origins of endomorphin-immunoreactive fibers and terminals in different columns of the periaqueductal gray in the rat. J Comp Neurol 2008; 509:72-87. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.21728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Wolfe D, Hao S, Hu J, Srinivasan R, Goss J, Mata M, Fink DJ, Glorioso JC. Engineering an endomorphin-2 gene for use in neuropathic pain therapy. Pain 2007; 133:29-38. [PMID: 17395375 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin-2 (EM-2) is a carboxy-amidated tetrapeptide that binds the mu-opioid receptor with high affinity and is analgesic in several animal models of pain. Endomorphin peptides have been isolated from bovine and human brain, but no DNA sequences corresponding to a potential preproendomorphin gene have been identified in human genome sequence databases. In this study we designed a tripartite synthetic gene to direct production, cleavage, and amidation of EM-2, and placed the endomorphin gene expression cassette in a replication defective Herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector (vEM2). Biosynthesis of amidated endomorphin-2 peptide was quantified by radioimmunoassay and the identity confirmed by mass spectroscopy following vEM2 transduction of cultured primary dorsal root ganglion neurons. Subcutaneous inoculation of vEM2 resulted in vector delivery to dorsal root ganglion where expression of EM-2 peptide from the engineered gene was confirmed by ELISA. vEM2 delivery provided an analgesic effect in the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain measured by reduction of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. The analgesic effect of vEM2 was blocked by intrathecal delivery of the mu-receptor antagonist CTOP. The gene construct design described represents a broadly useful platform for biosynthesis and delivery of carboxy-amidated peptides for therapeutic and experimental purposes, and the results demonstrate that HSV-gene transfer to sensory neurons provides an effective means to achieve local biosynthesis of endomorphin peptides for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Wolfe
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1240 Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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23
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Greenwell TN, Martin-Schild S, Inglis FM, Zadina JE. Colocalization and shared distribution of endomorphins with substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and the mu opioid receptor. J Comp Neurol 2007; 503:319-33. [PMID: 17492626 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The endomorphins are endogenous opioids with high affinity and selectivity for the mu opioid receptor (MOR, MOR-1, MOP). Endomorphin-1 (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH(2); EM1) and endomorphin-2 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH(2); EM2) have been localized to many regions of the central nervous system (CNS), including those that regulate antinociception, autonomic function, and reward. Colocalization or shared distribution (overlap) of two neurotransmitters, or a transmitter and its cognate receptor, may imply an interaction of these elements in the regulation of functions mediated in that region. For example, previous evidence of colocalization of EM2 with substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and MOR in primary afferent neurons suggested an interaction of these peptides in pain modulation. We therefore investigated the colocalization of EM1 and EM2 with SP, CGRP, and MOR in other areas of the CNS. EM2 was colocalized with SP and CGRP in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and with SP, CGRP and MOR in the parabrachial nucleus. Several areas in which EM1 and EM2 showed extensive shared distributions, but no detectable colocalization with other signaling molecules, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Greenwell
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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24
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Fichna J, Janecka A, Costentin J, Do Rego JC. The endomorphin system and its evolving neurophysiological role. Pharmacol Rev 2007; 59:88-123. [PMID: 17329549 DOI: 10.1124/pr.59.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endomorphin-1 (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2) and endomorphin-2 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2) are two endogenous opioid peptides with high affinity and remarkable selectivity for the mu-opioid receptor. The neuroanatomical distribution of endomorphins reflects their potential endogenous role in many major physiological processes, which include perception of pain, responses related to stress, and complex functions such as reward, arousal, and vigilance, as well as autonomic, cognitive, neuroendocrine, and limbic homeostasis. In this review we discuss the biological effects of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in relation to their distribution in the central and peripheral nervous systems. We describe the relationship between these two mu-opioid receptor-selective peptides and endogenous neurohormones and neurotransmitters. We also evaluate the role of endomorphins from the physiological point of view and report selectively on the most important findings in their pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Fichna
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, CNRS FRE 2735, IFRMP 23, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy, University of Rouen, 22, Boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen cedex, France
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25
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Fichna J, Janecka A, Piestrzeniewicz M, Costentin J, do Rego JC. Antidepressant-like effect of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32:813-21. [PMID: 16823383 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin-1 (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH(2)) and endomorphin-2 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH(2)) are two recently isolated mu-opioid selective peptides with a potent antinociceptive activity, involved in a number of physiological processes, including food intake, vasomotricity, sexual behavior, as well as neuroendocrine and cardiorespiratory functions. The neuroanatomical distribution of endomorphins prompted us to study their antidepressant activity in two animal behavioral models of depression: forced-swimming and tail-suspension tests. In both tests, the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of either endomorphin-1 or endomorphin-2 significantly decreased the duration of immobility, interpreted as an expression of 'behavioral despair', which could be related to the depression syndrome. These effects of endomorphins did not result from the stimulation of the animal motor activity. We have also demonstrated that the antidepressant-like effect of endomorphins was antagonized by the universal opioid antagonist, naloxone and the mu-opioid receptor selective antagonist, beta-funaltrexamine. In contrast, this effect was not antagonized by delta- and kappa-opioid receptor selective antagonists, naltrindole and nor-binaltorphimine, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrate that endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 produce potent antidepressant-like effects after i.c.v. injection in mice. We may suggest that endomorphins and the mu-opioid receptors might be involved in the physiopathology of depressive disorders, and that the endomorphinergic system could serve as a novel target for the development of antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Fichna
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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26
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Botros M, Hallberg M, Johansson T, Zhou Q, Lindeberg G, Frändberg PA, Tömböly C, Tóth G, Le Grevès P, Nyberg F. Endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 differentially interact with specific binding sites for substance P (SP) aminoterminal SP1-7 in the rat spinal cord. Peptides 2006; 27:753-9. [PMID: 16216386 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Revised: 08/18/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin-1 (EM-1) and endomorphin-2 (EM-2) represent two opioid active tetrapeptides with high affinity and selectivity for the mu-opioid (MOP) receptor. Both EM-1 and EM-2 exhibit strong inhibition of pain signals in the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast to these compounds, the undecapeptide substance P (SP) facilitates pain influx in the CNS. SP has been implicated in a number of functions in the central nervous system, including pain processing and reward. Its aminoterminal fragment SP1-7 has been shown to modulate several actions of SP in the CNS, the nociceptive effect included. Although the actions of SP1-7 have been known for long no specific receptor for the SP fragment has yet been cloned. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of specific binding sites for the heptapeptide in the rat spinal cord. The binding affinity for unlabeled SP1-7 to the specific sites for the labeled heptapeptide highly exceeded those of SP and other C- or N-terminal fragments thereof. The NK-1, NK-2 and NK-3 receptor ligands [Sar9, Met(O2)11]SP, R396 and senktide, respectively, showed no or negligible binding. Moreover, both EM-1 and EM-2 were found to interact with SP1-7 binding. However, a significant difference in binding affinity between the two opioid active tetrapeptides was observed. As recorded from replacement curves the affinity of EM-2 was 10 times weaker than that for SP1-7 but about 100 times higher than that of EM-1. Among other Tyr-Pro-containing peptides Tyr-MIF-1 but not Tyr-W-MIF-1 exhibited affinity of similar potency as EM-2. These results strengthen the previously observed differences between EM-1 and EM-2 in various functional studies. Moreover, using a cell line (C6) expressing the MOP receptor it was shown that the labeled SP1-7 did not interact with binding to this receptor and no functional response was seen for the SP heptapeptide on the MOP receptor by means of stimulation in the GTPgammaS assay. This suggests that the identified SP1-7 binding sites, with high affinity also for EM-2, are not identical to the MOP receptor and apparently not to any of the known tachykinin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Botros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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Boggs DF, Miller JH. Absence of an hypoxic depression of metabolism in preproenkephalin knockout mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2005; 152:92-9. [PMID: 16095981 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2005.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Revised: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Opioids inhibit breathing in mammals, especially in newborns, and are also implicated in the control of hypoxic anapyrexia. We measured breathing patterns and metabolic responses to 12% oxygen in six adult male wildtype C57B/6J mice and six preproenkephalin knockout (PPNK-/-) mice in a flow-through respirometer and barometric plethysmograph with ambient temperature maintained in the thermoneutral zone. Breathing air, there was no significant difference between the two groups of mice in ventilation ((.)V), oxygen consumption ((.)V(O(2)), convection requirement ((.)V/(.)V(O(2)), tidal volume (V(t)), frequency (f), or inspiratory time (T(i)); however, PPNK-/- mice had a significantly shorter expiratory time (T(e)). The breathing pattern response to 5% CO(2) was the same between wildtype and PPNK-/- in terms of absolute values, but the % change in V(t) was greater in the wildtype. Breathing 12% O(2), there was no significant difference in V , V(t), f, T(i), T(e) or body temperature between groups, but there was a significant difference in (.)V(O(2) (PPNK-/- 1.24+/-0.05 ml O(2)min(-1) versus 0.91+/-0.05 for wildtype, P<0.001) and % change in (.)V(O(2), (2.3+/-6.6% for PPNK-/- versus -28+/-3.8% for wildtype); in ((.)V/(.)V(O(2)), (54+/-4 versus 78+/-10, P<0.05) and the % change in (.)V/(.)V(O(2), (37+/-9 versus 131+/-28, P<0.01). These data implicate enkephalin as a signaling molecule in the control of hypoxic depression of metabolism in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona F Boggs
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA 99004-2431, USA.
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28
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Abstract
This paper is the twenty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It summarizes papers published during 2002 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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29
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Furukawa Y, Nakamaru K, Sasaki K, Fujisawa Y, Minakata H, Ohta S, Morishita F, Matsushima O, Li L, Alexeeva V, Ellis TA, Dembrow NC, Jing J, Sweedler JV, Weiss KR, Vilim FS. PRQFVamide, a novel pentapeptide identified from the CNS and gut of Aplysia. J Neurophysiol 2003; 89:3114-27. [PMID: 12612009 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00014.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have purified a novel pentapeptide from the Aplysia nervous system using bioassay on gut contractions. The structure of the peptide is Pro-Arg-Gln-Phe-Val-amide (PRQFVa). The precursor for PRQFVa was found to code for 33 copies of PRQFVamide and four related pentapeptides. Peaks corresponding to the predicted masses of all five pentapeptides were detected in Aplysia neurons by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Northern analysis revealed that expression of the precursor is abundant in the abdominal ganglion, much less in the pedal and cerebral ganglia, and rarely seen in the buccal and pleural ganglia. PRQFVa-positive neurons, mapped by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, were present in all the central ganglia. PRQFVa immunopositive processes were observed in the gut, particularly in association with the vasculature. Some arteries and other highly vascularized tissues, such as the gill and the kidney, also contain numerous PRQFVa immunopositive processes. Application of synthetic PRQFVa suppresses not only contractions of the gut but also contractions of vasculature. PRQFVa is expressed in some of the neurons within the feeding circuitry and application of synthetic PRQFVa was found to decrease the excitability of some (B4/5 and B31/32) but not all (B8) neurons of the buccal feeding circuit. Our findings suggest that PRQFVa may act as a modulator within the feeding system as well as in other systems of Aplysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Furukawa
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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Sinchak K, Micevych P. Visualizing activation of opioid circuits by internalization of G protein-coupled receptors. Mol Neurobiol 2003; 27:197-222. [PMID: 12777688 DOI: 10.1385/mn:27:2:197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mu-opioid receptor (MOR) and opioid receptor-like receptor (ORL-1) circuits in the limbic hypothalamic system are important for the regulation of sexual receptivity in the female rat. Sexual receptivity is tightly regulated by the sequential release of estrogen and progesterone from the ovary suggesting ovarian steroids regulate the activity of these neuropeptide systems. Both MOR and ORL-1 distributions overlap with the distribution of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the hypothalamus and limbic system providing a morphological substrate for interaction between steroids and the opioid circuits in the brain. Both MOR and ORL-1 are receptors that respond to activation by endogenous ligands with internalization into early endosomes. This internalization is part of the mechanism of receptor desensitization or down regulation. Although receptor activation and internalization are separate events, internalization can be used as a temporal measure of circuit activation by endogenous ligands. This review focuses on the estrogen and progesterone regulation of MOR and ORL-1 circuits in the medial preoptic nucleus and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus that are central to modulating sexual receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sinchak
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and the Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA.
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