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Shao M, Zhang W, Li Y, Tang L, Hao ZZ, Liu S. Patch-seq: Advances and Biological Applications. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 44:8. [PMID: 38123823 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal analysis of gene-expression patterns, electrophysiological properties, and morphological phenotypes at the single-cell/single-nucleus level has been arduous because of the diversity and complexity of neurons. The emergence of Patch-sequencing (Patch-seq) directly links transcriptomics, morphology, and electrophysiology, taking neuroscience research to a multimodal era. In this review, we summarized the development of Patch-seq and recent applications in the cortex, hippocampus, and other nervous systems. Through generating multimodal cell type atlases, targeting specific cell populations, and correlating transcriptomic data with phenotypic information, Patch-seq has provided new insight into outstanding questions in neuroscience. We highlight the challenges and opportunities of Patch-seq in neuroscience and hope to shed new light on future neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingting Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhao-Zhe Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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2
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Kaushik M, Kaushik P, Parvez S. Memory related molecular signatures: The pivots for memory consolidation and Alzheimer's related memory decline. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101577. [PMID: 35104629 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline is the major cause of concern due to its 70% more incidence than dementia cases worldwide. Moreover, aging is also the major risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), associated with progressive memory loss. Approx. 13 million people will have Alzheimer-related memory decline by 2050. Learning and memory is the fundamental process of brain functions. However, the mechanism for the same is still under investigation. Thus, it is critical to understand the process of memory consolidation in the brain and extrapolate its understanding to the memory decline mechanism. Research on learning and memory has identified several molecular signatures such as Protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ), Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) crucial for the maintenance and stabilization of long-term memory in the brain. Interestingly, memory decline in AD has also been linked to the abnormality in expressing these memory-related molecular signatures. Hence, in the present consolidated review, we explored the role of these memory-related molecular signatures in long-term memory consolidation. Additionally, the effect of amyloid-beta toxicity on these molecular signatures is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Kaushik
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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3
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Lin X, Liang Y, Herrera-Molina R, Montag D. Neuroplastin in Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1507. [PMID: 34680901 PMCID: PMC8535836 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases are insufficiently elucidated. A detailed understanding of these mechanisms may help to further improve medical intervention. Recently, intellectual abilities, creativity, and amnesia have been associated with neuroplastin, a cell recognition glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily that participates in synapse formation and function and calcium signaling. Data from animal models suggest a role for neuroplastin in pathways affected in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroplastin loss or disruption of molecular pathways related to neuronal processes has been linked to various neurological diseases, including dementia, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we review the molecular features of the cell recognition molecule neuroplastin, and its binding partners, which are related to neurological processes and involved in learning and memory. The emerging functions of neuroplastin may have implications for the treatment of diseases, particularly those of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany; (X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Liang
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany; (X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Rodrigo Herrera-Molina
- Combinatorial NeuroImaging (CNI), Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8307993, Chile
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Montag
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, D-39118 Magdeburg, Germany; (X.L.); (Y.L.)
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4
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The Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinases II and IV as Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094307. [PMID: 33919163 PMCID: PMC8122486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CaMKII and CaMKIV are calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases playing a rudimentary role in many regulatory processes in the organism. These kinases attract increasing interest due to their involvement primarily in memory and plasticity and various cellular functions. Although CaMKII and CaMKIV are mostly recognized as the important cogs in a memory machine, little is known about their effect on mood and role in neuropsychiatric diseases etiology. Here, we aimed to review the structure and functions of CaMKII and CaMKIV, as well as how these kinases modulate the animals’ behavior to promote antidepressant-like, anxiolytic-like, and procognitive effects. The review will help in the understanding of the roles of the above kinases in the selected neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, and this knowledge can be used in future drug design.
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5
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Khoramjouy M, Naderi N, Kobarfard F, Heidarli E, Faizi M. An Intensified Acrolein Exposure Can Affect Memory and Cognition in Rat. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:277-291. [PMID: 32876917 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein is a clear, colorless liquid and a highly reactive α, β-unsaturated aldehyde. Acrolein, a byproduct and initiator of oxidative stress, has a major role in the pathogenesis of disorders including pulmonary, cardiovascular, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Environmental or dietary exposure and endogenous production are common sources of acrolein. Widespread exposure to acrolein is a major risk for human health; therefore, we decided to investigate the neurological effects of acrolein. In this study, we used male Sprague-Dawley rats and exposed them orally to acrolein (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 mg/kg/day) for 90 days and investigated the neurobehavioral and electrophysiological disturbances. We also assessed the correlation between neurotoxicity and CSF concentration of acrolein in the rats. The results showed that chronic oral administration of acrolein at 5 mg/kg/day impaired learning and memory in the neurobehavioral tests. In addition, acrolein decreased the release of excitatory neurotransmitters such as glutamate in electrophysiological studies. Our data demonstrated that chronic oral exposure of acrolein at a dose of 5 mg/kg leads to a direct correlation between neurotoxicity and its CSF concentration. In conclusion, exposure to acrolein as a major pollutant in the environment may cause cognitive problems and may have serious neurocognitive effects on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Khoramjouy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 2660 Vali-e-Asr Ave., Tehran, 19919-53381, Iran
| | - Nima Naderi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 2660 Vali-e-Asr Ave., Tehran, 19919-53381, Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Heidarli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 2660 Vali-e-Asr Ave., Tehran, 19919-53381, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 2660 Vali-e-Asr Ave., Tehran, 19919-53381, Iran.
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6
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Trujillo CA, Adams JW, Negraes PD, Carromeu C, Tejwani L, Acab A, Tsuda B, Thomas CA, Sodhi N, Fichter KM, Romero S, Zanella F, Sejnowski TJ, Ulrich H, Muotri AR. Pharmacological reversal of synaptic and network pathology in human MECP2-KO neurons and cortical organoids. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12523. [PMID: 33501759 PMCID: PMC7799367 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Duplication or deficiency of the X-linked MECP2 gene reliably produces profound neurodevelopmental impairment. MECP2 mutations are almost universally responsible for Rett syndrome (RTT), and particular mutations and cellular mosaicism of MECP2 may underlie the spectrum of RTT symptomatic severity. No clinically approved treatments for RTT are currently available, but human pluripotent stem cell technology offers a platform to identify neuropathology and test candidate therapeutics. Using a strategic series of increasingly complex human stem cell-derived technologies, including human neurons, MECP2-mosaic neurospheres to model RTT female brain mosaicism, and cortical organoids, we identified synaptic dysregulation downstream from knockout of MECP2 and screened select pharmacological compounds for their ability to treat this dysfunction. Two lead compounds, Nefiracetam and PHA 543613, specifically reversed MECP2-knockout cytologic neuropathology. The capacity of these compounds to reverse neuropathologic phenotypes and networks in human models supports clinical studies for neurodevelopmental disorders in which MeCP2 deficiency is the predominant etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Jason W Adams
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of NeurosciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Center for Academic Research and Training in AnthropogenyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- StemoniX IncMaple GroveMNUSA
| | - Cassiano Carromeu
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- StemoniX IncMaple GroveMNUSA
| | - Leon Tejwani
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Present address:
Interdepartmental Neuroscience ProgramYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Allan Acab
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Ben Tsuda
- Department of NeurosciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Computational Neurobiology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Charles A Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Terrence J Sejnowski
- Computational Neurobiology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
- Institute for Neural ComputationUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de QuímicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Center for Academic Research and Training in AnthropogenyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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7
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Banik A, Brown RE, Bamburg J, Lahiri DK, Khurana D, Friedland RP, Chen W, Ding Y, Mudher A, Padjen AL, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Ihara M, Srivastava S, Padma Srivastava MV, Masters CL, Kalaria RN, Anand A. Translation of Pre-Clinical Studies into Successful Clinical Trials for Alzheimer's Disease: What are the Roadblocks and How Can They Be Overcome? J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 47:815-43. [PMID: 26401762 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies are essential for translation to disease treatments and effective use in clinical practice. An undue emphasis on single approaches to Alzheimer's disease (AD) appears to have retarded the pace of translation in the field, and there is much frustration in the public about the lack of an effective treatment. We critically reviewed past literature (1990-2014), analyzed numerous data, and discussed key issues at a consensus conference on Brain Ageing and Dementia to identify and overcome roadblocks in studies intended for translation. We highlight various factors that influence the translation of preclinical research and highlight specific preclinical strategies that have failed to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials. The field has been hindered by the domination of the amyloid hypothesis in AD pathogenesis while the causative pathways in disease pathology are widely considered to be multifactorial. Understanding the causative events and mechanisms in the pathogenesis are equally important for translation. Greater efforts are necessary to fill in the gaps and overcome a variety of confounds in the generation, study design, testing, and evaluation of animal models and the application to future novel anti-dementia drug trials. A greater variety of potential disease mechanisms must be entertained to enhance progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Banik
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Richard E Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - James Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dheeraj Khurana
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Robert P Friedland
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, 318C Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amritpal Mudher
- Southampton Neurosciences Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ante L Padjen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeta Mukaetova-Ladinska
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, NIHR Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- Division of Toxicology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - M V Padma Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Colin L Masters
- Mental Health Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, The VIC, Australia
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, NIHR Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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8
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Ataei N, Sabzghabaee AM, Movahedian A. Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II is a Ubiquitous Molecule in Human Long-term Memory Synaptic Plasticity: A Systematic Review. Int J Prev Med 2015; 6:88. [PMID: 26445635 PMCID: PMC4587077 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.164831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term memory is based on synaptic plasticity, a series of biochemical mechanisms include changes in structure and proteins of brain's neurons. In this article, we systematically reviewed the studies that indicate calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) is a ubiquitous molecule among different enzymes involved in human long-term memory and the main downstream signaling pathway of long-term memory. METHODS All of the observational, case-control and review studies were considered and evaluated by the search engines PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ScienceDirect Scopus between 1990 and February 2015. We did not carry out meta-analysis. RESULTS At the first search, it was fined 1015 articles which included "synaptic plasticity" OR "neuronal plasticity" OR "synaptic density" AND memory AND "molecular mechanism" AND "calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II" OR CaMKII as the keywords. A total of 335 articles were duplicates in the databases and eliminated. A total of 680 title articles were evaluated. Finally, 40 articles were selected as reference. CONCLUSIONS The studies have shown the most important intracellular signal of long-term memory is calcium-dependent signals. Calcium linked calmodulin can activate CaMKII. After receiving information for learning and memory, CaMKII is activated by Glutamate, the most important neurotransmitter for memory-related plasticity. Glutamate activates CaMKII and it plays some important roles in synaptic plasticity modification and long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Ataei
- Student Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sabzghabaee
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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9
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Wang H. Fragile X mental retardation protein: from autism to neurodegenerative disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:43. [PMID: 25729352 PMCID: PMC4325920 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Chen L, Miao Y, Chen L, Xu J, Wang X, Zhao H, Shen Y, Hu Y, Bian Y, Shen Y, Chen J, Zha Y, Wen LP, Wang M. The role of low levels of fullerene C60 nanocrystals on enhanced learning and memory of rats through persistent CaMKII activation. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9269-79. [PMID: 25129570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials are known to exhibit diverse and sometimes unexpected biological effects. Fullerene nanoparticles have been reported to specifically bind to and elicit persistent activation of hippocampal Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a multimeric intracellular serine/threonine kinase central to Ca(2+) signal transduction and critical for synaptic plasticity, but the functional consequence of that modulation is unknown. Here we show that low doses of fullerene C60 nanocrystals (Nano C60), delivered through intrahippocampal infusion and without any obvious cytotoxicity in hippocampal neuronal cells, enhance the long-term potentiation (LTP) of rats. Intraperitoneal injection of 320 μg/kg of Nano C60, once daily for 10 days, also enhanced spatial memory of rats in addition to an increase of LTP. In parallel, both the IH and IP administration of Nano C60 increased the autonomous activity and the level of threonine 286 (T286) autophosphorylation of CaMKII, enhanced post-synaptic AMPA/NMDA ratio, and triggered time-dependent activation of ERK and CREB. Our results reveal a striking and highly unexpected ability of Nano C60 in positively modulating learning and memory, an effect that is most likely manifested through locking CaMKII in an active conformation, and may have significant implications for the potential therapeutic applications of fullerene C60, a classic engineered nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yanyan Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Lin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Han Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yi Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yunpeng Bian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jutao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yingying Zha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Long-Ping Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Ming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
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11
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Fariello RG, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Bonanno G, Pittaluga A, Milanese M, Misiano P, Farina C. Broad spectrum and prolonged efficacy of dimiracetam in models of neuropathic pain. Neuropharmacology 2014; 81:85-94. [PMID: 24486381 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dimiracetam, a bicyclic 2-pyrrolidinone derivative originally developed as cognition enhancer, is a member of the nootropic family for which anecdotal efficacy in models of neuropathic pain has been reported. Its antineuropathic activity was evaluated in established models of neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury, chemotherapy or MIA-induced osteoarthritis. Acutely, dimiracetam was very effective in models of antiretroviral drug induced painful neuropathy, oxaliplatin-induced hyperalgesia and in the MIA-osteoarthritis. Chronic dimiracetam dosing in the MIA and ART- induced models completely reverted hyperalgesia back to the level of healthy controls. Once reached, the maximal effect was maintained despite dose diminution and increased inter-dose interval. The effect of the last dose outlasted dimiracetam half-life longer than 12 times. In synaptosomal preparations, dimiracetam counteracted the NMDA-induced release of glutamate with highest potency in the spinal cord, possibly via NMDA receptor isoforms containing pH-sensitive GluN1 and GluN2A subunits. Dimiracetam appears to be a promising and safe treatment for neuropathic pain conditions for which there are very limited therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Paola Misiano
- NiKem Research, Via Zambeletti 25, I-20021 Baranzate, Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlo Farina
- Neurotune AG, Wagistrasse 27a, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.
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Lahiri DK, Maloney B, Rogers JT, Ge YW. PuF, an antimetastatic and developmental signaling protein, interacts with the Alzheimer's amyloid-β precursor protein via a tissue-specific proximal regulatory element (PRE). BMC Genomics 2013; 14:68. [PMID: 23368879 PMCID: PMC3582491 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is intimately tied to amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Extraneuronal brain plaques consisting primarily of Aβ aggregates are a hallmark of AD. Intraneuronal Aβ subunits are strongly implicated in disease progression. Protein sequence mutations of the Aβ precursor protein (APP) account for a small proportion of AD cases, suggesting that regulation of the associated gene (APP) may play a more important role in AD etiology. The APP promoter possesses a novel 30 nucleotide sequence, or "proximal regulatory element" (PRE), at -76/-47, from the +1 transcription start site that confers cell type specificity. This PRE contains sequences that make it vulnerable to epigenetic modification and may present a viable target for drug studies. We examined PRE-nuclear protein interaction by gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and PRE mutant EMSA. This was followed by functional studies of PRE mutant/reporter gene fusion clones. RESULTS EMSA probed with the PRE showed DNA-protein interaction in multiple nuclear extracts and in human brain tissue nuclear extract in a tissue-type specific manner. We identified transcription factors that are likely to bind the PRE, using competition gel shift and gel supershift: Activator protein 2 (AP2), nm23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase/metastatic inhibitory protein (PuF), and specificity protein 1 (SP1). These sites crossed a known single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). EMSA with PRE mutants and promoter/reporter clone transfection analysis further implicated PuF in cells and extracts. Functional assays of mutant/reporter clone transfections were evaluated by ELISA of reporter protein levels. EMSA and ELISA results correlated by meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS We propose that PuF may regulate the APP gene promoter and that AD risk may be increased by interference with PuF regulation at the PRE. PuF is targeted by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor 1, which also interacts with the integrins. These proteins are connected to vital cellular and neurological functions. In addition, the transcription factor PuF is a known inhibitor of metastasis and regulates cell growth during development. Given that APP is a known cell adhesion protein and ferroxidase, this suggests biochemical links among cell signaling, the cell cycle, iron metabolism in cancer, and AD in the context of overall aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debomoy K Lahiri
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Bryan Maloney
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jack T Rogers
- Neurochemistry lab, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charleston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Yuan-Wen Ge
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Nie H, Wang Z, Zhao W, Lu J, Zhang C, Lok K, Wang Y, Shen H, Xu Z, Yin M. New nicotinic analogue ZY-1 enhances cognitive functions in a transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2013; 537:29-34. [PMID: 23340201 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by progressive loss of memory and cognitive function. One of the new approaches for treating AD is direct stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain. α4β2-nAChR agonists have shown promising potential in preclinical cognition models of AD. The present report describes the pharmacological properties of ZY-1, a new nicotinic analogue that activates α4β2-nAChR. We describe in detail the binding profile and pharmacological effects of ZY-1 on transgenic AD mice. ZY-1 has high affinity to α4β2-nAChR. In a Morris water maze test, ZY-1 significantly decreases the escape latency and increases both the times in the platform quadrant and the times of platform crossing of transgenic mice. ZY-1 enhances cognitive functions in transgenic mice models of AD. As a novel nicotinic analogue, ZY-1 deserves further study as a potential candidate against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Malaria, the disease caused by infection with protozoan parasites from the genus Plasmodium, claims the lives of nearly 1 million people annually. Developing nations, particularly in the African Region, bear the brunt of this malaria burden. Alarmingly, the most dangerous etiologic agent of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, is becoming increasingly resistant to current first-line antimalarials. In light of the widespread devastation caused by malaria, the emergence of drug-resistant P. falciparum strains, and the projected decrease in funding for malaria eradication that may occur over the next decade, the identification of promising new targets for antimalarial drug design is imperative. P. falciparum kinases have been proposed as ideal drug targets for antimalarial drug design because they mediate critical cellular processes within the parasite and are, in many cases, structurally and mechanistically divergent when compared with kinases from humans. Identifying a molecule capable of inhibiting the activity of a target enzyme is generally an arduous and expensive process that can be greatly aided by utilizing in silico drug design techniques. Such methods have been extensively applied to human kinases, but as yet have not been fully exploited for the exploration and characterization of antimalarial kinase targets. This review focuses on in silico methods that have been used for the evaluation of potential antimalarials and the Plasmodium kinases that could be explored using these techniques.
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