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LaValley DJ, Zanotelli MR, Bordeleau F, Wang W, Schwager SC, Reinhart-King CA. Matrix Stiffness Enhances VEGFR-2 Internalization, Signaling, and Proliferation in Endothelial Cells. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 29531793 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/aa9263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can mediate endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. During cancer progression, VEGF production is often increased to stimulate the growth of new blood vessels to supply growing tumors with the additional oxygen and nutrients they require. Extracellular matrix stiffening also occurs during tumor progression, however, the crosstalk between tumor mechanics and VEGF signaling remains poorly understood. Here, we show that matrix stiffness heightens downstream endothelial cell response to VEGF by altering VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) internalization, and this effect is influenced by cell confluency. In sub-confluent endothelial monolayers, VEGFR-2 levels, but not VEGFR-2 phosphorylation, are influenced by matrix rigidity. Interestingly, more compliant matrices correlated with increased expression and clustering of VEGFR-2; however, stiffer matrices induced increased VEGFR-2 internalization. These effects are most likely due to actin-mediated contractility, as inhibiting ROCK on stiff substrates increased VEGFR-2 clustering and decreased internalization. Additionally, increasing matrix stiffness elevates ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, resulting in increased cell proliferation. Moreover, cells on stiff matrices generate more actin stress fibers than on compliant substrates, and the addition of VEGF stimulates an increase in fiber formation regardless of stiffness. In contrast, once endothelial cells reached confluency, stiffness-enhanced VEGF signaling was no longer observed. Together, these data show a complex effect of VEGF and matrix mechanics on VEGF-induced signaling, receptor dynamics, and cell proliferation that is mediated by cell confluency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J LaValley
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Matthew R Zanotelli
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Francois Bordeleau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Samantha C Schwager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
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2
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Egholm C, Khammy MM, Dalsgaard T, Mazur A, Tritsaris K, Hansen AJ, Aalkjaer C, Dissing S. GLP-1 inhibits VEGFA-mediated signaling in isolated human endothelial cells and VEGFA-induced dilation of rat mesenteric arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1214-H1224. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00316.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the acute effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), GLP-1(1–36), and GLP-1(7–36) on vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA)-induced endothelium-dependent signaling and vasodilation. Our hypothesis was that GLP-1 released from intestinal l-cells modulates processes related to PLCγ activation, Src, and endothelial NOS (eNOS) signaling, thereby controlling endothelial vessel tone. By using RT-PCR analysis, we found mRNA for the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC), human retinal microvascular endothelial cells, and rat arteries. In isolated rat mesenteric resistance arteries precontracted with the thromboxane analog U46619 to 80–90% of maximum contraction, VEGFA (25 ng/ml) caused a small and gradual relaxation (28.9 ± 3.9%). Pretreatment of arteries with either GLP-1(1–36) (500 nM) or GLP-1(7–36) (1 nM) abolished the VEGFA-induced relaxation. VEGFA-induced relaxations were also inhibited in endothelial-denuded arteries and in arteries pretreated with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (100 μM). In vivo studies on male Wistar rats also revealed that GLP-1(7–36) inhibited VEGFA-induced vasodilation of the same arteries. In isolated endothelial cells, GLP-1(1–36) and GLP-1(7–36) caused a reduction in VEGFA-induced phosphorylation of PLCγ. Ca2+ imaging of endothelial cells and rat mesenteric resistance arteries using fura-2, revealed that both GLP-1 analogs caused a reduction in VEGFA-induced Ca2+ signaling. GLP-1(1–36) also reduced VEGFA-induced eNOS phosphorylation in HDMEC. In conclusion, GLP-1 reduced relaxation induced by VEGFA in resistance arteries by inhibiting VEGFR2-mediated Ca2+ signaling and endothelial NO synthesis. GLP-1, on its own, also induced phosphorylation of Src and ERK1/2 that can lead to proliferation and is implicated in vessel permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Egholm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Makhala Michell Khammy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Dalsgaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aleksandra Mazur
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | - Katerina Tritsaris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anker J. Hansen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Aalkjaer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | - Steen Dissing
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Kim EC, Kim SH, Piao SJ, Kim TJ, Bae K, Kim HS, Hong SS, Lee BI, Nam M. Antiangiogenic Activity of Acer tegmentosum Maxim Water Extract in Vitro and in Vivo. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30:979-87. [PMID: 26130964 PMCID: PMC4479955 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.7.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is critical for tumor growth and metastasis. Notably, tumors themselves can lead to angiogenesis by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is one of the most potent angiogenic factors. Inhibition of angiogenesis is currently perceived as one of the most promising strategies for the blockage of tumor growth. In this study, we investigated the effects of Acer tegmentosum maxim water extract (ATME) on angiogenesis and its underlying signal mechanism. We studied the antiangiogenic activity of ATME by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). ATME strongly inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation, as well as vessel sprouting in a rat aortic ring sprouting assay. Moreover, we found that the p44/42 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway is involved in the inhibition of angiogenesis by ATME. Moreover, when we performed the in vivo matrigel plug assay, VEGF-induced angiogenesis was potently reduced when compared to that for the control group. Taken together, these results suggest that ATME exhibits potent antiangiogenic activity in vivo and in vitro and that these effects are regulated by the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eok-Cheon Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology and Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab., College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - So Hun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Shan-Ji Piao
- Qingdao Endocrine & Diabetes Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Tack-Joong Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology and Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab., College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kiho Bae
- Division of Biological Science and Technology and Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab., College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Han Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Engineering and Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Laboratory, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byoung Ick Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Moonsuk Nam
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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4
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Kim HJ, Kim JK. Antiangiogenic effects of cucurbitacin-I. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:290-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Saraswati S, Kanaujia PK, Kumar S, Kumar R, Alhaider AA. Tylophorine, a phenanthraindolizidine alkaloid isolated from Tylophora indica exerts antiangiogenic and antitumor activity by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-mediated angiogenesis. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:82. [PMID: 23895055 PMCID: PMC3733984 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-angiogenesis targeting VEGFR2 has been considered as an important strategy for cancer therapy. Tylophorine is known to possess anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity, but its roles in tumor angiogenesis, the key step involved in tumor growth and metastasis, and the involved molecular mechanism is still unknown. Therefore, we examined its anti-angiogenic effects and mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Methods We used tylophorine and analyzed its inhibitory effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor in vivo. Results Tylophorine significantly inhibited a series of VEGF-induced angiogenesis processes including proliferation, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells. Besides, it directly inhibited VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase activity and its downstream signaling pathways including Akt, Erk and ROS in endothelial cells. Using HUVECs we demonstrated that tylophorine inhibited VEGF-stimulated inflammatory responses including IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MMP-2 and NO secretion. Tylophorine significantly inhibited neovascularization in sponge implant angiogenesis assay and also inhibited tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. Molecular docking simulation indicated that tylophorine could form hydrogen bonds and aromatic interactions within the ATP-binding region of the VEGFR2 kinase unit. Conclusion Tylophorine exerts anti-angiogenesis effects via VEGFR2 signaling pathway thus, may be a viable drug candidate in anti-angiogenesis and anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Saraswati
- Camel Biomedical Research Unit, College of Pharmacy and Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Saraswati S, Agrawal SS. Brucine, an indole alkaloid from Strychnos nux-vomica attenuates VEGF-induced angiogenesis via inhibiting VEGFR2 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2013; 332:83-93. [PMID: 23348691 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the mechanism of brucine in tumor angiogenesis. We found that brucine inhibits VEGF-induced cell proliferation, chemotactic motility, and the formation of capillary-like structures in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Brucine suppresses VEGF- induced p-VEGFR2 kinase activity and inhibits neovascularization in vivo. Brucine inhibits the downstream protein kinases of VEGFR2, including Src, FAK, ERK, AKT and mTOR. And further downregulates levels of VEGF, NO, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IFN-γ in HUVECs. Taken together, our study suggests that brucine potently suppresses angiogenesis by targeting VEGFR2 activation and may be a viable drug candidate in anti-angiogenesis and anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Saraswati
- Genome Research Laboratory, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pushp Vihar Sec-3, MB Road, New Delhi 110 017, India.
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7
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Radi M, Evensen L, Dreassi E, Zamperini C, Caporicci M, Falchi F, Musumeci F, Schenone S, Lorens JB, Botta M. A combined targeted/phenotypic approach for the identification of new antiangiogenics agents active on a zebrafish model: from in silico screening to cyclodextrin formulation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5579-83. [PMID: 22853993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A combined targeted/phenotypic approach for the rapid identification of novel antiangiogenics with in vivo efficacy is herein reported. Considering the important role played by the tyrosine kinase c-Src in the regulation of tumour angiogenesis, we submitted our in-house library of c-Src inhibitors to a sequential screening approach: in silico screening on VEGFR2, in vitro screening on HUVEC cells, ADME profiling, formulation and in vivo testing on a zebrafish model. A promising antiangiogenic candidate able to interfere with the vascular growth of a zebrafish model at low micromolar concentration was thus identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Radi
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, University of Siena,Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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8
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Shin EK, Kim JK. Indirubin derivative E804 inhibits angiogenesis. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:164. [PMID: 22554053 PMCID: PMC3488320 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has previously been shown that indirubin derivative E804 (IDR-E804) blocks signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 signaling in human breast and prostate cancer cells and inhibits Src kinase activity. To further establish its role in angiogenesis, we tested its potential using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and analyzed the effects of IDR-E804 on cellular and molecular events related to angiogenesis. Methods The anti-angiogenic effects of IDR-E804 were examined by assessing the proliferation, migration and capillary tube formation of HUVECs were induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with or without various concentrations of IDR-E804. The inhibitory effect of IDR-E804 angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo was also investigated in Balb/c mice subcutaneously transplanted with CT-26 colon cancer cells. Results IDR-E804 significantly decreased proliferation, migration and tube formation of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF-treated HUVECs. These effects were accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2, AKT and extracellular signal regulated kinase in VEGF-treated HUVECs. Intratumor injections of IDR-E804 inhibited the growth of subcutaneously inoculated CT-26 allografts in syngenic mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed a decreased CD31 microvessel density index and Ki-67 proliferative index, but an increased apoptosis index in IDR-E804-treated tumors. Conclusions These data revealed that IDR-E804 is an inhibitor of angiogenesis and also provide evidence for the efficacy of IDR-E804 for anti-tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Shin
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods andDrugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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9
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Lin C, Wu M, Dong J. Quercetin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (QODG) inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing VEGFR2-mediated signaling in zebrafish and endothelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31708. [PMID: 22348123 PMCID: PMC3278463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. Identification of small molecules that block angiogenesis and are safe and affordable has been a challenge in drug development. Hypericum attenuatum Choisy is a Chinese herb medicine commonly used for treating hemorrhagic diseases. The present study investigates the anti-angiogenic effects of quercetin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (QODG), a flavonoid isolated from Hypericum attenuatum Choisy, in vivo and in vitro, and clarifies the underlying mechanism of the activity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Tg(fli1:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish embryos were treated with different concentrations of quercetin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (QODG) (20, 60, 180 µM) from 6 hours post fertilisation (hpf) to 72 hpf, and adult zebrafish were allowed to recover in different concentrations of QODG (20, 60, 180 µM) for 7 days post amputation (dpa) prior morphological observation and angiogenesis phenotypes assessment. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with or without VEGF and different concentrations of QODG (5, 20, 60, 180 µM), then tested for cell viability, cell migration, tube formation and apoptosis. The role of VEGFR2-mediated signaling pathway in QODG-inhibited angiogenesis was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Quercetin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (QODG) was shown to inhibit angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and zebrafish in vivo via suppressing VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2. Our results further indicate that QODG inhibits angiogenesis via inhibition of VEGFR2-mediated signaling with the involvement of some key kinases such as c-Src, FAK, ERK, AKT, mTOR and S6K and induction of apoptosis. Together, this study reveals, for the first time, that QODG acts as a potent VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor, and exerts the anti-angiogenic activity at least in part through VEGFR2-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Pharmacy School, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghua Wu
- Pharmacy School, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Dong
- Pharmacy School, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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10
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Tanaka J, Nakamura S, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Shimoda H, Hara H. Purple Rice (Oryza sativa
L.) Extract and its Constituents Inhibit VEGF-induced Angiogenesis. Phytother Res 2011; 26:214-22. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junji Tanaka
- Molecular Pharmacology; Department of Biofunctional Evaluation; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology; Department of Biofunctional Evaluation; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology; Department of Biofunctional Evaluation; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology; Department of Biofunctional Evaluation; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Research and Development Division; Oryza Oil and Fat Chemical Co., Ltd; 1 Numata, Kitagata-cho Ichinomiya Aichi 493-8001 Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology; Department of Biofunctional Evaluation; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
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Williams SP, Karnezis T, Achen MG, Stacker SA. Targeting lymphatic vessel functions through tyrosine kinases. JOURNAL OF ANGIOGENESIS RESEARCH 2010; 2:13. [PMID: 20698997 PMCID: PMC2925338 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2384-2-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic vascular system is actively involved in tissue fluid homeostasis, immune surveillance and fatty acid transport. Pathological conditions can arise from injury to the lymphatics, or they can be recruited in the context of cancer to facilitate metastasis. Protein tyrosine kinases are central players in signal transduction networks and regulation of cell behavior. In the lymphatic endothelium, tyrosine kinases are involved in processes such as the maintenance of existing lymphatic vessels, growth and maturation of new vessels and modulation of their identity and function. As such, they are attractive targets for both existing inhibitors and the development of new inhibitors which affect lymphangiogenesis in pathological states such as cancer. RNAi screening provides an opportunity to identify the functional role of tyrosine kinases in the lymphatics. This review will discuss the role of tyrosine kinases in lymphatic biology and the potential use of inhibitors for anti-lymphangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Williams
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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12
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Ruboxistaurin, a PKCβ inhibitor, inhibits retinal neovascularization via suppression of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt. Exp Eye Res 2010; 90:137-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Pang X, Yi Z, Zhang X, Sung B, Qu W, Lian X, Aggarwal BB, Liu M. Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid inhibits prostate tumor growth by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-mediated angiogenesis. Cancer Res 2009; 69:5893-900. [PMID: 19567671 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metastasis is well established. Identification of a small molecule that blocks tumor angiogenesis and is safe and affordable has been a challenge in drug development. In this study, we showed that acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), an active component from an Ayurvedic medicinal plant (Boswellia serrata), could strongly inhibit tumor angiogenesis. AKBA suppressed tumor growth in the human prostate tumor xenograft mice treated daily (10 mg/kg AKBA) after solid tumors reached approximately 100 mm(3) (n = 5). The inhibitory effect of AKBA on tumor growth was well correlated with suppression of angiogenesis. When examined for the molecular mechanism, we found that AKBA significantly inhibited blood vessel formation in the Matrigel plug assay in mice and effectively suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced microvessel sprouting in rat aortic ring assay ex vivo. Furthermore, AKBA inhibited VEGF-induced cell proliferation, chemotactic motility, and the formation of capillary-like structures from primary cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis and in vitro kinase assay revealed that AKBA suppressed VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) kinase (KDR/Flk-1) with IC(50) of 1.68 micromol/L. Specifically, AKBA suppressed the downstream protein kinases of VEGFR2, including Src family kinase, focal adhesion kinase, extracellular signal-related kinase, AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase. Our findings suggest that AKBA potently inhibits human prostate tumor growth through inhibition of angiogenesis induced by VEGFR2 signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Medicine, Ayurvedic
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Prostatic Neoplasms/blood supply
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/pharmacology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Pang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Sato H, Iwata H, Takano Y, Yamada R, Okuzawa H, Nagashima Y, Yamaura K, Ueno K, Yano T. Enhanced Effect of Connexin 43 on Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Mesothelioma Cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 110:466-75. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08327fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Kim WY, Chang DJ, Hennessy B, Kang HJ, Yoo J, Han SH, Kim YS, Park HJ, Geo SY, Mills G, Kim KW, Hong WK, Suh YG, Lee HY, Lee HY. A novel derivative of the natural agent deguelin for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2008; 1:577-87. [PMID: 19139008 PMCID: PMC2738643 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-08-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The natural compound deguelin has promising preventive and therapeutic activity against diverse cancers by directly binding to heat shock protein-90 and thus suppressing its function. Potential side effects of deguelin over a certain dose, however, could be a substantial obstacle to its clinical use. To develop a derivative(s) of deguelin with reduced potential side effects, we synthesized five deguelin analogues (SH-02, SH-03, SH-09, SH-14, and SH-15) and compared them with the parent compound and each other for structural and biochemical features; solubility; and antiproliferative effects on normal, premalignant, and malignant human bronchial epithelial (HBE) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Four derivatives destabilized hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha as potently as did deguelin. Reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analysis in H460 NSCLC cells revealed that deguelin and the derivatives suppressed expression of a number of proteins including heat shock protein-90 clients and proteins involved in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. One derivative, SH-14, showed several features of potential superiority for clinical use: the highest apoptotic activity; no detectable influence on Src/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling, which can promote cancer progression and is closely related to pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (deguelin, SH-02 and SH-03 strongly activated this signaling); better aqueous solubility; and less cytotoxicity to immortalized HBE cells (versus deguelin) at a dose (1 micromol/L) that induced apoptotic activity in most premalignant and malignant HBE and NSCLC cell lines. These collective results suggest that the novel derivative SH-14 has strong potential for cancer chemoprevention and therapy, with equivalent efficacy and lesser toxicity (versus deguelin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Young Kim
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dong Jo Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bryan Hennessy
- Departments of System Biology and Gynecologic Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hae-Jin Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jakyung Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Han
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoo-Shin Kim
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Gordon Mills
- Departments of System Biology and Gynecologic Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Waun Ki Hong
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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16
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The neurotransmitter dopamine modulates vascular permeability in the endothelium. J Mol Signal 2008; 3:14. [PMID: 18662404 PMCID: PMC2516513 DOI: 10.1186/1750-2187-3-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular permeability factor/Vascular endothelial growth factor (VPF/VEGF), a multifunctional cytokine, is a potent inducer of vascular permeability, an important early step in angiogenesis. It is known that the neurotransmitter dopamine can inhibit VPF/VEGF mediated angiogenesis, in particular microvascular permeability, but the effectors of this action remain unclear. RESULTS Here, we define the signaling pathway modulated by dopamine that inhibits VPF/VEGF induced vascular permeability in endothelial cells. Signals from VPF/VEGF lead to changes in the phosphorylation of tight junction protein zonula occludens (ZO-1) and adherens junction proteins like VE-cadherin and associated catenins, thus weakening endothelial cell-cell adhesion and increasing vascular permeability. We found VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) to be part of a multi-protein complex involving ZO-1, VE-cadherin and beta-catenin. VPF/VEGF induced phosphorylations of VE-cadherin, beta-catenin and ZO-1 were inhibited by dopamine treatment. Association of occludin with ZO-1 and ZO-1 with VE-cadherin were significantly inhibited by dopamine in VEGF treated cells. Furthermore, we identified Src as an important target for dopamine-mediated inhibition of VPF/VEGF induced permeability. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results provide molecular insights of dopamine function in the vascular endothelium and suggest a central role of Src in regulating key molecules that control vascular permeability.
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17
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Zhang Q, Guo R, Lu Y, Zhao L, Zhou Q, Schwarz EM, Huang J, Chen D, Jin ZG, Boyce BF, Xing L. VEGF-C, a lymphatic growth factor, is a RANKL target gene in osteoclasts that enhances osteoclastic bone resorption through an autocrine mechanism. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:13491-9. [PMID: 18359770 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708055200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells, but they also secrete and respond to cytokines. Here, we test the hypothesis that osteoclasts secrete the lymphatic growth factor, VEGF-C, to increase their resorptive activity. Osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors were generated by culturing splenocytes with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and RANKL from wild-type, NF-kappaBp50(-/-)/p52(-/-), and Src(-/-) mice. Expression of VEGFs was measured by real time reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and immunostaining. The effect of VEGF-C signaling on osteoclast function was determined by osteoclastogenesis and pit assays. RANKL increased the expression of VEGF-C but not of other VEGFs in osteoclasts and their precursors. RANKL-induced VEGF-C expression was reduced in NF-kappaBp50(-/-)/p52(-/-) precursors or wild-type cells treated with an NF-kappaB inhibitor. VEGF-C directly stimulated RANKL-mediated bone resorption, which was reduced by the VEGF-C-specific receptor blocker, VEGFR3:Fc. Osteoclasts express VEGFR3, and VEGF-C stimulated Src phosphorylation in osteoclasts. VEGF-C-mediated bone resorption was abolished in Src(-/-) osteoclasts or cells treated with an Src inhibitor. We conclude that RANKL stimulates osteoclasts and their precursors to release VEGF-C through an NF-kappaB-dependent mechanism, indicating that VEGF-C is a new RANKL target gene in osteoclasts and functions as an autocrine factor regulating osteoclast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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18
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Pyun BJ, Choi S, Lee Y, Kim TW, Min JK, Kim Y, Kim BD, Kim JH, Kim TY, Kim YM, Kwon YG. Capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin-like compound, inhibits angiogenesis and vascular permeability via a direct inhibition of Src kinase activity. Cancer Res 2008; 68:227-35. [PMID: 18172315 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin analogue, and its dihydroderivative dihydrocapsiate are the major capsaicinoids of the nonpungent red pepper cultivar CH-19 Sweet. In this study, we report the biological actions and underlying molecular mechanisms of capsiate on angiogenesis and vascular permeability. In vitro, capsiate and dihydrocapsiate inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced proliferation, chemotactic motility, and capillary-like tube formation of primary cultured human endothelial cells. They also inhibited sprouting of endothelial cells in the rat aorta and formation of new blood vessels in the mouse Matrigel plug assay in response to VEGF. Moreover, both compounds blocked VEGF-induced endothelial permeability and loss of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin-facilitated endothelial cell-cell junctions. Importantly, capsiate suppressed VEGF-induced activation of Src kinase and phosphorylation of its downstream substrates, such as p125(FAK) and VE-cadherin, without affecting autophosphorylation of the VEGF receptor KDR/Flk-1. In vitro kinase assay and molecular modeling studies revealed that capsiate inhibits Src kinase activity via its preferential docking to the ATP-binding site of Src kinase. Taken together, these results suggest that capsiate could be useful for blocking pathologic angiogenesis and vascular permeability caused by VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Jeong Pyun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
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19
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Matsunaga N, Shimazawa M, Otsubo K, Hara H. Phosphatidylinositol inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-A--induced migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 106:128-35. [PMID: 18187933 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0071166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PI), a phospholipid in component of cell membranes, is widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Here, we examined in vitro whether PI inhibits the angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). PI concentration-relatedly and significantly (at 10 and 30 microg/ml) inhibited VEGF-A-induced tube formation in a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and fibroblasts. PI also inhibited the migration, but not proliferation, induced in HUVECs by VEGF-A. Furthermore, PI at 30 microg/ml inhibited the VEGF-A-induced phosphorylation of serine/threonine protein kinase family protein kinase B (Akt) and p38 mitogen activate kinase (p38MAPK), key molecules in cell migration, but not phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), a key molecule in cell proliferation. These findings indicate that PI inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis by inhibiting HUVECs migration and that inhibition of phosphorylated-Akt and -p38MAPK may be involved in the mechanism. Therefore, PI may be expected to prevent some diseases caused by angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Matsunaga
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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20
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Matsunaga N, Chikaraishi Y, Shimazawa M, Yokota S, Hara H. Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Extracts Reduce Angiogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2007; 7:47-56. [PMID: 18955266 PMCID: PMC2816375 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) extracts (VME) were tested for effects on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. VME (0.3–30 µg ml−1) and GM6001 (0.1–100 µM; a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor) concentration-dependently inhibited both tube formation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). In addition, VME inhibited VEGF-A-induced proliferation of HUVECs. VME inhibited VEGF-A-induced phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and serine/threonine protein kinase family protein kinase B (Akt), but not that of phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ). In an in vivo assay, intravitreal administration of VME inhibited the formation of neovascular tufts during oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Thus, VME inhibited angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, presumably by inhibiting the phosphorylations of ERK 1/2 and Akt. These findings indicate that VME may be effective against retinal diseases involving angiogenesis, providing it can reach the retina after its administration. Further investigations will be needed to clarify the major angiogenesis-modulating constituent(s) of VME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Matsunaga
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitahora-higashi, Gifu 502-8585 and Wakasa Seikatsu Co. Ltd, 22 Naginataboko-cho, Shijo-Karasuma, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8008, Japan
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21
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Cuneo KC, Tu T, Geng L, Fu A, Hallahan DE, Willey CD. HIV protease inhibitors enhance the efficacy of irradiation. Cancer Res 2007; 67:4886-93. [PMID: 17510418 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor vascular endothelium is rather resistant to the cytotoxic effects of radiation. The HIV protease inhibitors (HPI) amprenavir, nelfinavir, and saquinavir have previously been shown to sensitize tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of radiation. Additionally, this class of drug has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor cell migration. Therefore, in the current study, we wanted to determine whether HPIs could enhance the effect of radiation on endothelial function. Our study shows that HPIs, particularly nelfinavir, significantly enhance radiations effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and tumor vascular endothelium. We show that pretreatment of HUVEC with nelfinavir results in enhanced cytotoxicity, including increased apoptosis, when combined with radiation. Moreover, using several functional assays, we show that combination treatment effectively blocks endothelial cell migration and organization. These findings were accompanied by attenuation of Akt phosphorylation, a known pathway for radioresistance. Last, in vivo analysis of tumor microvasculature destruction showed a more than additive effect for nelfinavir and radiation. This study shows that HPIs can enhance the effect of ionizing radiation on vascular endothelium. Therefore, the Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, nelfinavir, may be an effective radiosensitizer in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C Cuneo
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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22
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Sawyer TK. Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Src Kinase for Cancer Therapy. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2006_010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Desai SJ, Ma AH, Tepper CG, Chen HW, Kung HJ. Inappropriate Activation of the Androgen Receptor by Nonsteroids: Involvement of the Src Kinase Pathway and Its Therapeutic Implications. Cancer Res 2006; 66:10449-59. [PMID: 17079466 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The inappropriate activation of androgen receptor (AR) by nonsteroids is considered a potential mechanism in the emergence of hormone-refractory prostate tumors, but little is known about the properties of these "pseudoactivated" AR. Here, we present the first comprehensive analysis closely examining the properties of AR activated by the neuropeptide bombesin that distinguish it from androgen-activated AR. We show that bombesin-activated AR (a) is required for bombesin-induced growth of LNCaP cells, (b) has a transcriptional profile overlapping with, but not identical to, androgen-activated AR, (c) activates prostate-specific antigen by preferentially binding to its proximal promoter, and (d) assembles a distinct coactivator complex. Significantly, we found that Src kinase is critical for bombesin-induced AR-mediated activity and is required for translocation and transactivation of AR. Additionally, we identify c-Myc, a Src target gene, to be activated by bombesin and a potential coactivator of AR-mediated activity specific to bombesin-induced signaling. Because Src kinase is often activated by other nonsteroids, such as other neuropeptides, growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines, our findings have general applicability and provide rationale for investigating the efficacy of the Src kinase pathway as a target for the prevention of relapsed prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal J Desai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
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24
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Abstract
Multifocal angiostatic therapy (MAT) is a strategy that seeks to impede cancer-induced angiogenesis by addressing multiple targets that regulate the angiogenic capacity of a cancer and/or the angiogenic responsiveness of endothelial cells, using measures that are preferentially, but not exclusively, nutraceutical. A prototype of such a regimen has been proposed previously, composed of green tea polyphenols, fish oil, selenium, and high-dose glycine, complementing a low-fat vegan diet, exercise training, and the copper-sequestering drug tetrathiomolybdate (TM). A review of more recent evidence suggests additional agents that could appropriately be included in this regimen and clarifies to some extent the mechanisms of action of its constituents. Diindolylmethane, a widely available crucifera-derived nutraceutical, has inhibited cancer growth in several mouse xenograft models; this effect may be largely attributable to an angiostatic action, as concentrations as low as 5 to 10 muM inhibit proliferation, migration, and tube-forming capacity of human endothelial cells in vitro, and a parenteral dose of 5 mg/kg markedly impairs matrigel angiogenesis in mice. Silymarin/silbinin, which has slowed the growth of human xenografts in a number of studies, suppresses the proliferation, migration, and tube-forming capacity of endothelial cells and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by a range of human cancer cell lines, in concentrations that should be clinically feasible. The angiostatic activity of orally administered green tea now appears likely to reflect inhibition of the kinase activity of VEGFR-2. Glycine's angiostatic activity may be attributable to a hyperpolarizing effect on endothelial cells that decreases the activity of NADPH oxidase, now known to promote tyrosine kinase signaling in endothelial cells. The ability of TM to suppress cancer cell production of a range of angiogenic factors results at least in part from a down regulation of NF-kappaB activation. Dual-purpose molecular targets, whose inhibition could be expected to decrease the aggressiveness and chemoresistance of cancer cells while simultaneously impeding angiogenesis, include NF-kappaB, cox-2, c-Src, Stat3, and hsp90; drugs that can address these targets are now in development, and salicylates are notable for the fact that they can simultaneously inhibit NF-kappaB and cox-2. The potential complementary of the components of MAT should be assessed in nude mouse xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Block Center for Integrative Cancer Care, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA.
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25
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Cébe-Suarez S, Zehnder-Fjällman A, Ballmer-Hofer K. The role of VEGF receptors in angiogenesis; complex partnerships. Cell Mol Life Sci 2006; 63:601-15. [PMID: 16465447 PMCID: PMC2773843 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-005-5426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) regulate blood and lymphatic vessel development and homeostasis but also have profound effects on neural cells. VEGFs are predominantly produced by endothelial, hematopoietic and stromal cells in response to hypoxia and upon stimulation with growth factors such as transforming growth factors, interleukins or platelet-derived growth factor. VEGFs bind to three variants of type III receptor tyrosine kinases, VEGF receptor 1, 2 and 3. Each VEGF isoform binds to a particular subset of these receptors giving rise to the formation of receptor homo- and heterodimers that activate discrete signaling pathways. Signal specificity of VEGF receptors is further modulated upon recruitment of coreceptors, such as neuropilins, heparan sulfate, integrins or cadherins. Here we summarize the knowledge accumulated since the discovery of these proteins more than 20 years ago with the emphasis on the signaling pathways activated by VEGF receptors in endothelial cells during cell migration, growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Cébe-Suarez
- Biomolecular Research, Molecular Cell Biology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A. Zehnder-Fjällman
- Biomolecular Research, Molecular Cell Biology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - K. Ballmer-Hofer
- Biomolecular Research, Molecular Cell Biology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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26
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Ali N, Yoshizumi M, Yano S, Sone S, Ohnishi H, Ishizawa K, Kanematsu Y, Tsuchiya K, Tamaki T. The Novel Src Kinase Inhibitor M475271 Inhibits VEGF-Induced Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin and β-Catenin Phosphorylation but Increases Their Association. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 102:112-20. [PMID: 16974068 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0060357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
M475271, 4-quinazolinamine, N-(2-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-[(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl) methoxy]-(9Cl), is a new anilinoquinazoline derivative that displays selective inhibition of Src kinase activity and tumor growth in vivo. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is an endothelial cell-specific adhesion molecule that can interact with the cytoskeleton via several anchoring molecules such as beta-catenin. Here, we examined the effect of M475271 on VE-cadherin and beta-catenin phosphorylation and association. We also examined its effect on VEGF-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, migration, and tube formation. The findings reveal pretreatment with M475271 significantly inhibits VEGF-induced VE-cadherin and beta-catenin phosphorylation. However, M475271 significantly increases VE-cadherin and beta-catenin association compared to the VEGF-treated group. Confocal laser microscopic examination confirmed the augmentation effect of M475271 on VE-cadherin and beta-catenin association. Finally, M475271 was shown to have inhibitory effects comparable to those of PP2 and Herbimycin A on VEGF-induced HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. These findings suggest that M475271 attenuates VEGF-induced angiogenesis by maintaining cell-cell junction stability. Although the involvement of other signaling molecules cannot be ruled out, M475271 has potential as a drug for the inhibition of the angiogenesis needed for tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, Japan
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