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Pfuhlmann K, Schriever SC, Legutko B, Baumann P, Harrison L, Kabra DG, Baumgart EV, Tschöp MH, Garcia-Caceres C, Pfluger PT. Calcineurin A beta deficiency ameliorates HFD-induced hypothalamic astrocytosis in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:35. [PMID: 29422055 PMCID: PMC5806488 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytosis is a reactive process involving cellular, molecular, and functional changes to facilitate neuronal survival, myelin preservation, blood brain barrier function and protective glial scar formation upon brain insult. The overall pro- or anti-inflammatory impact of reactive astrocytes appears to be driven in a context- and disease-driven manner by modulation of astrocytic Ca2+ homeostasis and activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-activated serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin. Here, we aimed to assess whether calcineurin is dispensable for astrocytosis in the hypothalamus driven by prolonged high fat diet (HFD) feeding. Global deletion of calcineurin A beta (gene name: Ppp3cb) led to a decrease of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of mice exposed chronically to HFD. The concomitant decrease in Iba1-positive microglia in the VMH further suggests a modest impact of Ppp3cb deletion on microgliosis. Pharmacological inhibition of calcineurin activity by Fk506 had no impact on IBA1-positive microglia in hypothalami of mice acutely exposed to HFD for 1 week. However, Fk506-treated mice displayed a decrease in GFAP levels in the ARC. In vivo effects could not be replicated in cell culture, where calcineurin inhibition by Fk506 had no effect on astrocytic morphology, astrocytic cell death, GFAP, and vimentin protein levels or microglia numbers in primary hypothalamic astrocytes and microglia co-cultures. Further, adenoviral overexpression of calcineurin subunit Ppp3r1 in primary glia culture did not lead to an increase in GFAP fluorescence intensity. Overall, our results point to a prominent role of calcineurin in mediating hypothalamic astrocytosis as response to acute and chronic HFD exposure. Moreover, discrepant findings in vivo and in cell culture indicate the necessity of studying astrocytes in their “natural” environment, i.e., preserving an intact hypothalamic microenvironment with neurons and non-neuronal cells in close proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Pfuhlmann
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sonja C Schriever
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Beata Legutko
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Baumann
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luke Harrison
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dhiraj G Kabra
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center. Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Emily Violette Baumgart
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cristina Garcia-Caceres
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany. .,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Jóźwiak-Bębenista M, Kowalczyk E, Nowak JZ. The cyclic AMP effects and neuroprotective activities of PACAP and VIP in cultured astrocytes and neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 67:332-8. [PMID: 25712659 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are endogenous peptides, widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system. The adenylyl cyclase (AC)/cyclic AMP (cAMP) is their main intracellular signal transduction pathway. Numerous data suggest that PACAP and VIP have considerable neuroprotective potential, indicating the possibility for their use as new therapeutic strategies in stroke treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) - an established in vitro model for ischemic cell stress - on PACAP and VIP-evoked receptor-mediated cAMP generation in glial and neuronal cells, and to determine whether PACAP and VIP have neuroprotective activity under these conditions. METHODS The formation of [(3)H]cAMP by PACAP, VIP and forskolin (a direct activator of AC) was measured in [(3)H]adenine prelabeled primary rat glial and neuronal cells under normoxia and OGD conditions. The effects of PACAP and VIP on cell viability were measured using the MTT conversion method, and were compared to tacrolimus (FK506), a well known neuroprotective agent. RESULTS The OGD model inhibited the PACAP and VIP-induced cAMP formation in rat astrocytes and neurons. Incubation of neuronal cells with PACAP prevented OGD-induced cell death, more efficiently than VIP and FK506. CONCLUSION The obtained results showed that hypoxia/ischemia may trigger down-regulation of the brain AC-coupled PACAP/VIP receptors, with a consequent decrease of PACAP- and/or VIP-ergic-dependent cAMP-driven signaling. Moreover, our findings indicate that PACAP and VIP can prevent the deleterious effect of OGD on rat neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jóźwiak-Bębenista
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Interfaculty Chair of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Edward Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Interfaculty Chair of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jerzy Z Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Interfaculty Chair of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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Zhao X, Chen J, Ye L, Xu G. Serum Metabolomics Study of the Acute Graft Rejection in Human Renal Transplantation Based on Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2659-67. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jihong Chen
- Department
of Nephrology, the first hospital affiliated of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushannan Road, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department
of Nephrology, the first hospital affiliated of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushannan Road, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Yu JY, Lee JJ, Jung JK, Min YK, Ma JY, Kim TJ, Lee MY, Yun YP. Anti-platelet activity of diacetylated obovatol through regulating cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activities. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:2191-8. [PMID: 23263814 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-1217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obovatol has been reported biological activities such as muscle relaxative, anti-gastric ulcer, anti-allergic and anti-bacterial activities. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of diacetylated obovatol, an obovatol derivative, on rabbit platelet aggregation, and their possible molecular mechanisms. Effects of diacetylated obovatol on platelet activation including aggregation and serotonin secretion were examined. In addition, we investigated the effect of diacetylated obovatol on archidonic acid and metabolites liberation and intracellular calcium mobilization. Diacetylated obovatol concentration-dependently inhibited the washed rabbit platelet aggregation induced by collagen and arachidonic acid, suggesting that diacetylated obovatol may selectively inhibits collagen- and arachidonic acid-mediated signal transduction. In accordance with these results, diacetylated obovatol showed a concentration-dependent decrease in cytosolic Ca(2+) mobilization and serotonin secretion. However, diacetylated obovatol did not inhibit arachidonic acid liberation; on the other hand, diacetylated obovatol inhibited the formation of arachidonic acid metabolites such as thromboxane A(2), prostaglandin D(2) and 12-HETE through interfering with cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities. The results demonstrated that diacetylated obovatol has antiplatelet activities through inhibition of COX-1 and LOX activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Yu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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JJK694, a synthesized obovatol derivative, inhibits platelet activation by suppressing cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activities. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:2038-43. [PMID: 23132562 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obovatol has various biological activities, including anti-proliferative, neurotrophic, anti-fibrillogenic, anti-platelet, anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of JJK694, a synthesized obovatol derivative, on rabbit platelet activation and its molecular mechanisms. JJK694 significantly inhibited washed rabbit platelet aggregation and serotonin secretion induced by collagen and arachidonic acid, but had little effect on thrombin- or U46619-induced aggregation. These results suggest that JJK694 selectively inhibits collagen- and arachidonic acid-mediated signaling. JJK694 also showed a concentration-dependent decrease in cytosolic Ca(2+) mobilization, but it had no effect on arachidonic acid liberation. On the other hand, it significantly inhibited the formation of arachidonic acid metabolites, including thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)), prostaglandin D(2), and 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), by suppression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities. These results indicate that JJK694 hasanti-platelet activities through inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolite production by suppression of COX-1 and LOX activities.
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Kim HW, Rapoport SI, Rao JS. Altered expression of apoptotic factors and synaptic markers in postmortem brain from bipolar disorder patients. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 37:596-603. [PMID: 19945534 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a progressive psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent changes of mood and is associated with cognitive decline. There is evidence of excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, upregulated arachidonic acid (AA) cascade signaling and brain atrophy in BD patients. These observations suggest that BD pathology may be associated with apoptosis as well as with disturbed synaptic function. To test this hypothesis, we measured mRNA and protein levels of the pro-apoptotic (Bax, BAD, caspase-9 and caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic factors (BDNF and Bcl-2) and of pre- and post-synaptic markers (synaptophysin and drebrin), in postmortem prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 9) from 10 BD patients and 10 age-matched controls. Consistent with the hypothesis, BD brains showed significant increases in protein and mRNA levels of the pro-apoptotic factors and significant decreases of levels of the anti-apoptotic factors and the synaptic markers, synaptophysin and drebrin. These differences may contribute to brain atrophy and progressive cognitive changes in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Wook Kim
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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