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Pretorius L, Smith C. Translation of preclinical ethnomedicine data in LMICs: the example of rooibos. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1328828. [PMID: 38174224 PMCID: PMC10763253 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1328828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
All disease, but especially non-communicable diseases, are related to dysfunction of one or more regulatory systems. In developing countries, long-term management of patients with chronic diseases has many challenges and is generally not financially viable, but Africa in particular, which is rich in diverse ethnomedicines presents a more feasible long-term therapeutic approach in this niche. However, despite comprehensive preclinical investigations on numerous plant-derived candidate medicines, only a small portion of these reach the patient as recognised medicines. In this review, we use the example of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R. Dahlgren)-which is globally consumed as aromatic, caffeine-free tea-to illustrate the hurdles that need to be overcome in the low-to middle-income countries, before progression of ethnomedicines to official treatment regimens can be achieved. In terms of methodology, regulatory system focused rooibos papers indexed on PubMed for the past three decades (n = 112) were accessed. Papers reporting duplication of previous results were excluded, as well as review papers. Topics covered includes the high standard of ethnomedicine drug discovery and efficacy testing research performed in Africa (and South Africa in particular in the case of rooibos), the potential bias in terms of preclinical research focus, ethnomedicine ownership and the requirement for independent clinical trial coordination and/or management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carine Smith
- Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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2
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Pyrzanowska J. The toxic contaminants of Aspalathus linearis plant material as well as herb-drug interactions may constitute the health risk factors in daily rooibos tea consumers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:129-142. [PMID: 34823434 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.2009780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rooibos tea is brewed using Aspalathus linearis plant material sensitive to environmental contamination. This review covers the safety data from preclinical experiments as well as human studies and delivers a report on its hepatic activity. In vitro tea investigation reveals antioxidative and anti-mutagenic features and ability to modulate microsomal enzymes. In rodent research, it exerts protective or neutral impact on liver functions and morphology, yet several human case reports suggest possible acute hepatic damage. Summarizing rooibos consumption seems to be safe in terms of hepatotoxicity; however, there may be designated a group of consumers with higher risk of liver irritation. The contamination of plant material may contribute to herb-induced liver injury. Due to the impact on CYPs, there is a possible risk of herb-drug interactions affecting bioavailability of some co-administered medicines. Caution should be exercised in patients receiving the treatment with allopathic medicines to avoid untoward alteration of drug plasma concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Pyrzanowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Ma C, Lin JL, Bai R, Sun Y, Nam GB, Stewart J, Wieloch M, Zhu J. Effect of Dronedarone in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in the Asian Population: Post Hoc Analysis of the ATHENA Trial. Clin Ther 2022; 44:1203-1213. [PMID: 35927094 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited data are available on the impact of dronedarone treatment in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFL). This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of dronedarone compared with placebo in populations from Asian and non-Asian regions randomized in the ATHENA trial (A Placebo-Controlled, Double-blind, Parallel Arm Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Dronedarone 400 mg BID for the Prevention of CV Hospitalization or Death From Any Cause in Patients With AF/AFL). METHODS Time to first hospitalization for cardiovascular events or death from any cause (primary outcome) and time to first AF/AFL event recurrence (secondary outcome) were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression. FINDINGS The risk of experiencing the primary composite outcome was significantly lower in the dronedarone-treated patients in both the Asian (hazard ratio = 0.541; 95% CI, 0.320-0.914]) and non-Asian (hazard ratio = 0.768; 95% CI, 0.696-0.848) populations than in the placebo-treated patients. The median time to the first AF/AFL event recurrence was longer in the dronedarone-treated population than in the placebo-treated populations: 183 vs 92 days (P = 0.165) in the Asian population and 534 vs 196 days (P < 0.001) in the non-Asian population. Treatment-emergent adverse events in Asian (81.2% vs 78.4%) and non-Asian (71.4% vs 68.7%) populations and serious treatment-emergent adverse events in Asian (14.3% vs 15.7%) and non-Asian (20.3% vs 21.5%) patients were comparable in patients taking dronedarone compared with those taking placebo. IMPLICATION Efficacy and tolerability of dronedarone were consistent in the Asian population compared with the non-Asian population in the ATHENA trial. These finding may aid Asian health care professionals to select the appropriate first-line treatment for Asian patients with AF/AFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Ma
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing
| | - Jiunn-Lee Lin
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Rong Bai
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing
| | - Yihong Sun
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | | | | | - Mattias Wieloch
- Sanofi, Paris; Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Lund University, Malmö.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
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4
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Kumar M, Tomar M, Amarowicz R, Saurabh V, Nair MS, Maheshwari C, Sasi M, Prajapati U, Hasan M, Singh S, Changan S, Prajapat RK, Berwal MK, Satankar V. Guava ( Psidium guajava L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Bioactivities. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040752. [PMID: 33916183 PMCID: PMC8066327 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Psidium guajava (L.) belongs to the Myrtaceae family and it is an important fruit in tropical areas like India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and South America. The leaves of the guava plant have been studied for their health benefits which are attributed to their plethora of phytochemicals, such as quercetin, avicularin, apigenin, guaijaverin, kaempferol, hyperin, myricetin, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, and caffeic acid. Extracts from guava leaves (GLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, lipid-lowering, and hepatoprotection activities. In the present review, we comprehensively present the nutritional profile and phytochemical profile of GLs. Further, various bioactivities of the GL extracts are also discussed critically. Considering the phytochemical profile and beneficial effects of GLs, they can potentially be used as an ingredient in the development of functional foods and pharmaceuticals. More detailed clinical trials need to be conducted to establish the efficacy of the GL extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India;
| | - Maharishi Tomar
- ICAR—Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India;
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Vivek Saurabh
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (V.S.); (U.P.)
| | - M. Sneha Nair
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad 121004, Haryana, India;
| | - Chirag Maheshwari
- Department of Agriculture Energy and Power, ICAR—Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal 462038, India;
| | - Minnu Sasi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Uma Prajapati
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (V.S.); (U.P.)
| | - Muzaffar Hasan
- Agro Produce Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal 462038, India;
| | - Surinder Singh
- Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Sushil Changan
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR—Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India;
| | - Rakesh Kumar Prajapat
- School of Agriculture, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Mukesh K. Berwal
- Division of Crop improvement, ICAR—Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner 334006, India;
| | - Varsha Satankar
- Ginning Training Centre, ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Nagpur 440023, India;
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Bellet M, Ahmad F, Villanueva R, Valdivia C, Palomino-Doza J, Ruiz A, Gonzàlez X, Adrover E, Azaro A, Valls-Margarit M, Parra JL, Aguilar J, Vidal M, Martín A, Gavilá J, Escrivá-de-Romaní S, Perelló A, Hernando C, Lahuerta A, Zamora P, Reyes V, Alcalde M, Masanas H, Céliz P, Ruíz I, Gil M, Seguí MÀ, de la Peña L. Palbociclib and ribociclib in breast cancer: consensus workshop on the management of concomitant medication. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919833867. [PMID: 31205497 PMCID: PMC6535716 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919833867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions are of significant concern in clinical practice in oncology, particularly in patients receiving Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors, which are typically exposed to long-term regimens. This article presents the highlights from the 'First Workshop on Pharmacology and Management of CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Consensus about Concomitant Medications'. The article is structured into two modules. The educational module includes background information regarding drug metabolism, corrected QT (QTc) interval abnormalities, management of psychotropic drugs and a comprehensive review of selected adverse effects of palbociclib and ribociclib. The collaborative module presents the conclusions of the five working groups, each of which comprised five experts from different fields. From these conclusions positive lists of drugs for treating common comorbid conditions that can be safely administered concomitantly with palbociclib and/or ribociclib were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Bellet
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119–129, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Faten Ahmad
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Villanueva
- Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Moisès Broggi, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julián Palomino-Doza
- Hereditary Cardiopathies Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ada Ruiz
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Hospital del Mar, and Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gonzàlez
- Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Hospital General De Catalunya, SOLTI, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarna Adrover
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospital Universitario Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Analía Azaro
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology. Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan Aguilar
- Medical Oncology Department and Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vidal
- Hospital Clínic Barcelona and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anastasi Martín
- Unitat de Cures Palliatives, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Gavilá
- Fundacion Instituto Valenciano De Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonia Perelló
- Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernando
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA Institut d’Investigació Sanitària and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Zamora
- Servicio de Oncologia Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Reyes
- Radiation Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Alcalde
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Isabel Ruíz
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Gil
- Institut Català d’Oncologia, IDIBELL Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
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Fantoukh OI, Dale OR, Parveen A, Hawwal MF, Ali Z, Manda VK, Khan SI, Chittiboyina AG, Viljoen A, Khan IA. Safety Assessment of Phytochemicals Derived from the Globalized South African Rooibos Tea ( Aspalathus linearis) through Interaction with CYP, PXR, and P-gp. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4967-4975. [PMID: 30955332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rooibos tea ( Aspalathus linearis) is a well-known South African herbal tea enjoyed worldwide. Limited reports indicate the potential of rooibos tea to alter the activity of certain cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes. In this study, the phytochemical investigation of MeOH extract of A. linearis (leaves and stems) resulted in the isolation and characterization of 11 phenolic compounds. The MeOH extract exhibited significant inhibition of the major human CYP450 isozymes (CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19). The strongest inhibition was observed by the extract for CYP3A4 (IC50 1.7 ± 0.1 μg/mL) followed by CYP2C19 (IC50 4.0 ± 0.3 μg/mL). Among the tested phytochemicals, the most potent inhibitors were isovitexin on CYP3A4 (IC50 3.4 ± 0.2 μM), vitexin on CYP2C9 (IC50 8.0 ± 0.2 μM), and thermopsoside on CYP2C19 (IC50 9.5 ± 0.2 μM). The two major, structurally related compounds aspalathin and nothofagin exhibited a moderate pregnane-X receptor (PXR) activation, which was associated with increased mRNA expression of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, respectively. These results indicate that a high intake of nutraceuticals containing rooibos extracts may pose a risk of herb-drug interactions when consumed concomitantly with clinical drugs that are substrates of CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer I Fantoukh
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh 4545 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Olivia R Dale
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Abidah Parveen
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Mohammed F Hawwal
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh 4545 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Vamshi K Manda
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit , Tshwane University of Technology , Pretoria 0183 , South Africa
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
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GOMI Y, NISHIMURA Y, KURATA N, IWASE M, SHINYA K, KIUCHI Y. Inhibitory Effect of Polypodium Leucotomos Extract on Cytochrome P450 3A-mediated Midazolam Metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.15369/sujms.31.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yurika GOMI
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine
- Department of Dermatology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Yuki NISHIMURA
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | | | - Mariko IWASE
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Koichiro SHINYA
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine
- Department of Dermatology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Yuji KIUCHI
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine
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Jin B, Liu Y, Xie J, Luo B, Long C. Ethnobotanical survey of plant species for herbal tea in a Yao autonomous county (Jianghua, China): results of a 2-year study of traditional medicinal markets on the Dragon Boat Festival. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2018; 14:58. [PMID: 30185187 PMCID: PMC6125875 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-018-0257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal tea is widely consumed in Jianghua, a Yao autonomous county in Hunan Province, China, to prevent and treat diseases. The materials in herbal tea at the traditional medicinal markets at the Dragon Boat Festival remain unknown. The aims of the paper were (1) to specifically investigate the materials of herbal tea used by Yao nationalities in Hunan Province, (2) to record the most common and the culturally important medicinal plant species in the markets, and (3) to compare the medical plant tradition both used for herbal tea between the Jianghua and Lingnan regions. METHODS During 2016-2017, 215 vendors were interviewed at traditional medicinal markets at the Dragon Boat Festival in Jianghua to record plants used for herbal tea and to document traditional knowledge of their medicinal function, habitat, and conservation status. Bunches of medicinal plants were purchased to identify the species and to prepare voucher specimens. Cognitive salience (CS) based on free-lists and use value (UV) were calculated to analyze the cultural importance of medical plants; other quantitative methods (coefficient of similarity and chi-square analysis) were applied for comparison of herbal tea tradition between the Jianghua and Lingnan regions. RESULTS A total of 169 species belonging to 66 families and 142 genera were recorded in herbal tea to treat health conditions in the study area. There were 30 health conditions that were recorded, with heat-clearing and detoxifying being the most common medicinal function, followed by treating rheumatism and promoting blood circulation. Of the 169 species, 97 were herbs. The whole plant was the most commonly used plant part in the preparation of herbal tea. According to the national evaluation criteria, three of these species are listed on "China's red list" and registered as vulnerable (VU). By comparing the coefficient of similarity of herbal tea plants and the number of mentions for part(s) used in Jianghua and Lingnan, the medicinal plant tradition is different in two areas. CONCLUSIONS Herbal tea in Jianghua reflects the cultural diversity of the Yao people and the plant diversity of the region. Future research on the safety, efficacy, and the adulterants of herbal tea are needed for sustainable utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jin
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yujing Liu
- Ecological Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
| | - Jiaxi Xie
- Ecological Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
| | - Binsheng Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Chunlin Long
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
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9
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Hirai T, Nishimura Y, Kurata N, Namba H, Iwase M, Gomi Y, Tsuchiya H, Yamakawa T, Kiuchi Y. Effect of Benifuuki Tea on Cytochrome P450-mediated Metabolic Activity in Rats. In Vivo 2018; 32:33-40. [PMID: 29275296 PMCID: PMC5892631 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Benifuuki tea has recently been used as an alternative therapy for pollinosis, and it may be consumed with pharmaceutical drugs. This study aimed to examine cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated food-drug interactions with Benifuuki tea in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitory effects of Benifuuki tea and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG3"Me) on CYP activities were evaluated in vitro. Midazolam pharmacokinetics was investigated after two treatments with Benifuuki tea. In an ex vivo study, CYP activities were determined after 1-week-treatment with the tea. RESULTS Benifuuki tea and EGCG3"Me inhibited CYP2D and CYP3A activities in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. However, MDZ metabolism did not change by Benifuuki treatment in vivo and ex vivo. In contrast, CYP2D activity was decreased ex vivo. CONCLUSION Normal intake of Benifuuki tea is not likely to cause food-drug interactions by CYP3A inhibition or induction. In contrast, Benifuuki tea consumption may lead to food-drug interactions through the inhibition of CYP2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Hirai
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Kurata
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Fujiyoshida, Showa University, Fujiyoshida, Japan
| | - Hokuto Namba
- Showa University Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Iwase
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yurika Gomi
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Education, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Kiuchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Health Effects of Psidium guajava L. Leaves: An Overview of the Last Decade. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040897. [PMID: 28441777 PMCID: PMC5412476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, there is increasing interest in discovering new bioactive compounds derived from ethnomedicine. Preparations of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves have traditionally been used to manage several diseases. The pharmacological research in vitro as well as in vivo has been widely used to demonstrate the potential of the extracts from the leaves for the co-treatment of different ailments with high prevalence worldwide, upholding the traditional medicine in cases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and parasitic infections. Moreover, the biological activity has been attributed to the bioactive composition of the leaves, to some specific phytochemical subclasses, or even to individual compounds. Phenolic compounds in guava leaves have been credited with regulating blood-glucose levels. Thus, the aim of the present review was to compile results from in vitro and in vivo studies carried out with guava leaves over the last decade, relating the effects to their clinical applications in order to focus further research for finding individual bioactive compounds. Some food applications (guava tea and supplementary feed for aquaculture) and some clinical, in vitro, and in vivo outcomes are also included.
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Patel O, Muller C, Joubert E, Louw J, Rosenkranz B, Awortwe C. Inhibitory Interactions of Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos) Extracts and Compounds, Aspalathin and Z-2-(β-d-Glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic Acid, on Cytochromes Metabolizing Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Drugs. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111515. [PMID: 27845750 PMCID: PMC6273468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rooibos extract, due to its glucose and lipid lowering effects, has potential as a nutraceutical for improvement of metabolic dysfunction. Potential herb-drug interactions as a result of the use of natural products are of increasing concern. Cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4, are important in the metabolism of hypoglycemic drugs, such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and sulfonylureas, and hypocholesterolemic drugs, such as atorvastatin. This study investigated the effects of rooibos extracts, prepared from "unfermented" and "fermented" rooibos plant material and two of the major bioactive compounds, Z-2-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid (PPAG) and aspalathin (ASP), on Vivid® recombinant CYP450 enzymes. Unfermented (GRT) and fermented (FRE) rooibos extracts inhibited the activity of CYP2C8 (7.69 ± 8.85 µg/mL and 8.93 ± 8.88 µg/mL, respectively) and CYP3A4 (31.33 ± 4.69 µg/mL and 51.44 ± 4.31 µg/mL, respectively) based on their respective IC50 concentrations. Both extracts dose- and time-dependently inhibited CYP2C8 activity, but only time-dependently inhibited CYP2C9. CYP3A4 showed concentration-dependent inhibition by ASP, GRT, and FRE at 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL concentrations. ASP, GRT, and FRE time-dependently inhibited CYP3A4 activity with GRT and FRE showing a more potent time-dependent inhibition, comparable to erythromycin. These findings suggest that herb-drug interactions may occur when nutraceuticals containing rooibos extracts are co-administered with hypoglycemic drugs such as TZDs, sulfonylureas, and dyslipidemic drug, atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oelfah Patel
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
| | - Christo Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Bernd Rosenkranz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
| | - Charles Awortwe
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
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Bo L, Baosheng Z, Yang L, Mingmin T, Beiran L, Zhiqiang L, Huaqiang Z. Herb-drug enzyme-mediated interactions and the associated experimental methods: a review. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2016; 36:392-408. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(16)30054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Modulation of Metabolic Detoxification Pathways Using Foods and Food-Derived Components: A Scientific Review with Clinical Application. J Nutr Metab 2015; 2015:760689. [PMID: 26167297 PMCID: PMC4488002 DOI: 10.1155/2015/760689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into human biotransformation and elimination systems continues to evolve. Various clinical and in vivo studies have been undertaken to evaluate the effects of foods and food-derived components on the activity of detoxification pathways, including phase I cytochrome P450 enzymes, phase II conjugation enzymes, Nrf2 signaling, and metallothionein. This review summarizes the research in this area to date, highlighting the potential for foods and nutrients to support and/or modulate detoxification functions. Clinical applications to alter detoxification pathway activity and improve patient outcomes are considered, drawing on the growing understanding of the relationship between detoxification functions and different disease states, genetic polymorphisms, and drug-nutrient interactions. Some caution is recommended, however, due to the limitations of current research as well as indications that many nutrients exert biphasic, dose-dependent effects and that genetic polymorphisms may alter outcomes. A whole-foods approach may, therefore, be prudent.
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Interactions between herbs and antidiabetics: an overview of the mechanisms, evidence, importance, and management. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:1281-98. [PMID: 25475096 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Complementary and alternative therapies are quickly gaining importance because they are perceived to be free of side effects due to their natural origin. However, herbal remedies are complex mixtures of bioactive entities, which may interact with prescription drugs through pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic mechanisms and sometimes result in life-threatening consequences. In particular, diabetes patients are often treated with multiple medications due to different comorbidities, and such patients use antidiabetic medications for their entire lives; thus, it is important to make the public aware of herb interactions with antidiabetic drugs. In this paper, we summarize the reports available on the interaction of herbal remedies with oral hypoglycemic agents and describe mechanisms, preclinical or clinical evidence, importance, and management strategies.
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Liu Y, Ahmed S, Long C. Ethnobotanical survey of cooling herbal drinks from southern China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2013; 9:82. [PMID: 24354903 PMCID: PMC3926322 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-9-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liáng chá ("cooling tea", "herbal tea" or "cool tisane" in Chinese) are herbal drinks widely produced in southern China and consumed by billions of people worldwide to prevent and treat internal heat as well as a range of associated health conditions. Globalization and renewed interest in botanical remedies has attracted growing attention in cooling herbal drinks by industry, scientists and consumers. However, there is a knowledge gap on the plant species used and commercialized for cooling herbal drinks in southern China and their associated ethnobotanical use, habitat and conservation status. This is the first study to document plant species used and commercialized as liáng chá in southern China's Lingnan region and associated ethnomedical function, preparation methods, habitat and conservation status. METHODS Three hundred market surveys were conducted between 2010-2012 in the largest herbal drink producing region of China to record plants used for liáng chá and to document knowledge on their medicinal function, habitat and conservation status. Product samples and voucher specimens were collected for taxonomic identification. RESULTS All informants harvest and cultivate plants for preparing herbal drinks for their medicinal, cultural and economic values. A total of 222 ethnotaxa corresponded to 238 botanical taxa (species, varieties or subspecies) belonging to 86 families and 209 genera were recorded as liáng chá to treat health conditions in the study area. Recorded remedies consisted of one or several plant species to treat conditions classified into 27 major health conditions with clearing internal heat being the most common medicinal function. The habitat types of plants documented for use as liáng chá include 112 wild harvested species, 51 species that are either wild harvested or cultivated, 57 cultivated species, and 2 naturalized species. According to China's Red List and CITES on conservation status, one of these species is endangered, one species is critically endangered, eight species are vulnerable, one is listed in CITES II, three are listed in Regional Red Data Book and the remaining 224 species are in the least concerned conservation category. CONCLUSIONS The liáng chá industry of southern China reflects the plant species richness and cultural diversity of the region. Future research on safety and efficacy of herbal drinks as well as ecological and cultural conservation efforts are needed for the sustainable growth of China's botanical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Selena Ahmed
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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Fukushima K, Kobuchi S, Mizuhara K, Aoyama H, Takada K, Sugioka N. Time-Dependent Interaction of Ritonavir in Chronic Use: The Power Balance Between Inhibition and Induction of P-Glycoprotein and Cytochrome P450 3A. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:2044-2055. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kaneko K, Suzuki K, Iwadate-Iwata E, Kato I, Uchida K, Onoue M. Evaluation of Food-drug Interaction of Guava Leaf Tea. Phytother Res 2012; 27:299-305. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimiyuki Kaneko
- Safety Research Department; Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research
| | - Katsuya Suzuki
- Safety Research Department; Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research
| | - Emi Iwadate-Iwata
- Safety Research Department; Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research
| | - Ikuo Kato
- Safety Research Department; Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research
| | - Kazumi Uchida
- Safety Research Department; Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research
| | - Masaharu Onoue
- Safety Research Department; Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research
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Abstract
Herbal usage remains popular as an alternative or complementary form of treatment, especially in Africa. However, the misconception that herbal remedies are safe due to their "natural" origins jeopardizes human safety, as many different interactions can occur with concomitant use with other pharmaceuticals on top of potential inherent toxicity. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are highly polymorphic, and pose a problem for pharmaceutical drug tailoring to meet an individual's specific metabolic activity. The influence of herbal remedies further complicates this. The plants included in this review have been mainly researched for determining their effect on cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein drug transporters. Usage of herbal remedies, such as Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Sutherlandia frutescens and Harpagophytum procumbensis popular in Africa. The literature suggests that there is a potential for drug-herb interactions, which could occur through alterations in metabolism and transportation of drugs. Research has primarily been conducted in vitro, whereas in vivo data are lacking. Research concerning the effect of African herbals on drug metabolism should also be approached, as specific plants are especially popular in conjunction with certain treatments. Although these interactions can be beneficial, the harm they pose is just as great.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Cordier
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Saito Y, Nishimura Y, Kurata N, Iwase M, Aoki K, Yasuhara H. In Vivo Inhibition of CYP3A-Mediated Midazolam Metabolism by Anchusan in Rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 115:399-407. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10277fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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20
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Sinisalo M, Enkovaara AL, Kivistö KT. Possible hepatotoxic effect of rooibos tea: a case report. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010; 66:427-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-009-0776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
South African herbal teas, rooibos and honeybush, are increasingly enjoyed as healthy alternatives to Camellia sinensis teas. They contribute to the diet with bioactive phytochemicals not commonly found in foods. Major compounds of rooibos are the unique dihydrochalcone, aspalathin, and its flavone isomers, orientin and isoorientin. Honeybush contributes the xanthones, mangiferin and isomangiferin and the flavanones, eriocitrin, narirutin and hesperidin. All these compounds are either C-glucosides or O-rhamnoglucosides, which are poorly absorbed. Phase II metabolism and degradation by intestinal bacteria are important factors in their absorption. Modulation of drug metabolising enzymes is indicated which not only could affect the therapeutic window of drugs, but also the bioavailability of other dietary flavonoids.
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Xin HW, Wu XC, Li Q, Yu AR, Xiong L. Effects of Schisandra sphenanthera extract on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2009; 67:541-6. [PMID: 19552749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effect of Schisandra sphenanthera extract (SchE) on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam, a probe drug of CYP3A, and its metabolite 1'-hydroxy midazolam in healthy volunteers. METHODS Twelve healthy male volunteers were orally treated with SchE, three capsules twice daily for 7 days. Pharmacokinetic investigations of oral midazolam administration at 15 mg were performed both before and at the end of the SchE treatment period. The plasma midazolam and 1'-hydroxy midazolam concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Estimated pharmacokinetic parameters before and with SchE were calculated with noncompartmental techniques. RESULTS Following administration of SchE, the average increases (%) of individual increases in AUC, AUMC and C(max) of midazolam were 119.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 83.9, 155.0], 183.4% (95% CI 120.5, 246.2) and 85.6% (95% CI 14.4, 156.9), respectively (P < 0.01 or 0.05). On average, there was a 133.3% (95% CI 8.9, 257.7) increase in midazolam t(max) (P < 0.01). The average decrease (%) in CL/F was 52.1% (95% CI 44.9, 59.4) (P < 0.01). No significant changes were seen in midazolam half-life. After co-administration of SchE, the average increase (%) in t(max) of 1'-hydroxy midazolam was 150.0% (95% CI 22.2, 277.8) (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the other pharmacokinetic parameters of 1'-hydroxy midazolam. CONCLUSIONS SchE can markedly increase the oral bioavailability of midazolam in healthy volunteers. SchE is an inhibitor of CYP3A and has a high susceptibility to alter the disposition of drugs metabolized by CYP3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wen Xin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, China.
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Engdal S, Klepp O, Nilsen OG. Identification and Exploration of Herb-Drug Combinations Used By Cancer Patients. Integr Cancer Ther 2009; 8:29-36. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735408330202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This survey aims to identify herb-chemotherapeutic drug combinations in a defined group of cancer patients and to explore possible clinical consequences of these combinations. Methods: Herb-chemotherapeutic drug combinations were identified among adult cancer patients, and clinical consequences of the combinations were explored by literature searches in medical databases on possible mutual effects on similar cytochrome P-450 metabolising enzymes (CYPs) and/or the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter. Results: Among 42 cancer patients using herbal remedies concurrently with chemotherapy, 136 two-agent herb-drug combinations were registered and 47 different potential herb-drug interactions were identified on the level of CYP metabolism and P-gp transport in vitro. Garlic, ginger, green tea and noni juice were the herbal remedies most frequently used in such combinations. For 48 % of the herbal remedies identified no literature data exist on their interaction potentials. Clinical studies were available for four herbal remedies only. Minor clinical potential for CYP interactions in humans was indicated for green tea and Echinacea. P-gp interactions were only investigated for garlic, which showed a significant interaction potential both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion: The large number of in vitro potential herb-drug interactions identified urge for more clinical pharmacokinetic interaction studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Engdal
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway,
| | - Olbjørn Klepp
- Department of Oncology, Sunnmøre Public Hospital Enterprise, Ålesund Hospital, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Odd Georg Nilsen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Joubert E, Gelderblom WCA, Louw A, de Beer D. South African herbal teas: Aspalathus linearis, Cyclopia spp. and Athrixia phylicoides--a review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 119:376-412. [PMID: 18621121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis (Brum.f) Dahlg.) and honeybush (Cyclopia Vent. species) are popular indigenous South African herbal teas enjoyed for their taste and aroma. Traditional medicinal uses of rooibos in South Africa include alleviation of infantile colic, allergies, asthma and dermatological problems, while a decoction of honeybush was used as a restorative and as an expectorant in chronic catarrh and pulmonary tuberculosis. Traditional medicinal uses of Athrixia phylicoides DC., or bush tea, another indigenous South African plant with very limited localised use as herbal tea, include treatment of boils, acne, infected wounds and infected throats. Currently rooibos and honeybush are produced for the herbal tea market, while bush tea has potential for commercialisation. A summary of the historical and modern uses, botany, distribution, industry and chemical composition of these herbal teas is presented. A comprehensive discussion of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo biological properties, required to expand their applications as nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products, is included, with the main emphasis on rooibos. Future research needs include more comprehensive chemical characterisation of extracts, identification of marker compounds for extract standardisation and quality control, bioavailability and identification of bio-markers of dietary exposure, investigation of possible herb-drug interactions and plant improvement with regards to composition and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Joubert
- Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.
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