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Vendrame S, Adekeye TE, Klimis-Zacas D. The Role of Berry Consumption on Blood Pressure Regulation and Hypertension: An Overview of the Clinical Evidence. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132701. [PMID: 35807881 PMCID: PMC9268395 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of a relationship between the consumption of dietary berries and blood pressure reduction in humans has been repeatedly hypothesized and documented by an increasing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence that has accumulated in recent years. However, results are mixed and complicated by a number of potentially confounding factors. The objective of this article is to review and summarize the available clinical evidence examining the effects of berry consumption on blood pressure regulation as well as the prevention or treatment of hypertension in humans, providing an overview of the potential contribution of distinctive berry polyphenols (anthocyanins, condensed tannins and ellagic acid), and results of dietary interventions with blueberries, bilberries, cranberries, raspberries, strawberries, chokeberries, cherries, blackcurrants and açai berries. We conclude that, while there is insufficient evidence supporting the existence of a direct blood pressure lowering effect, there is stronger evidence for specific types of berries acting indirectly to normalize blood pressure in subjects that are already hypertensive.
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Zineb OY, Rashwan AK, Karim N, Lu Y, Tangpong J, Chen W. Recent Developments in Procyanidins on Metabolic Diseases, Their Possible Sources, Pharmacokinetic Profile, and Clinical Outcomes. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2062770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ould Yahia Zineb
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Ahmed K. Rashwan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Food and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Naymul Karim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jitbanjong Tangpong
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
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Fidelis-de-Oliveira P, Aparecida-Castro S, Silva DB, Morais IBDM, Miranda VHMD, de Gobbi JI, Canabrava HAN, Bispo-da-Silva LB. Hypotensive effect of Eugenia dysenterica leaf extract is primarily related to its vascular action: The possible underlying mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112520. [PMID: 31884034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eugenia dysenterica (ED) leaves are used in Brazil to treat cardiac diseases; however, there are no scientific data describing the effects of this species on cardiac activity. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of ED aqueous leaf extract (EDLE) on hear rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of anaesthetised rats and its underlying mechanism of action. MATERIAL AND METHODS EDLE was analysed, and its proanthocyanidin composition was determined. After performing dose-effect curves for EDLE on HR and MAP, EDLE-induced hypotension was evaluated before and after atropine (AT), L-N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), hexamethonium (HXT), indomethacin (IND), carbenoxolone (CBX), or nifedipine (NFD) administration. The effect of proanthocyanidin-depleted extract (EDLE/P-) was also determined and compared to that of the EDLE with proanthocyanidins. RESULTS EDLE decreased the MAP in a dose-dependent manner; HR was decreased only with the highest and most toxic dose. Only CBX and NFD decreased EDLE-induced hypotension. Five polymeric series of proanthocyanidins were identified, which were mainly constituted by procyanidin and prodelphinidin units with B-type linkage and up to 12 flavan-3-ol units. EDLE/P- induced hypotension did not differ from that induced by EDLE. CONCLUSIONS The cardiovascular effects of EDLE were primarily related to its vascular action. EDLE-induced hypotensive effect appeared to involve L-type calcium channel blockage as well as myoendothelial gap junction signalling. The higher molecular weight proanthocyanidins from EDLE are unlikely to contribute to its cardiovascular effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samanta Aparecida-Castro
- São Paulo State University/UNESP, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil.
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul/UFMS, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid Beatriz de Melo Morais
- Federal University of Uberlândia/UFU, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Juliana Irani de Gobbi
- São Paulo State University/UNESP, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil.
| | - Hudson Armando Nunes Canabrava
- Federal University of Uberlândia/UFU, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Borges Bispo-da-Silva
- Federal University of Uberlândia/UFU, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Matsui T. Condensed catechins and their potential health-benefits. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:495-502. [PMID: 26386288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Condensed catechins are commonly present in fermented tea, and are produced by the oxidation of monomeric catechins. Due to their auto-oxidation, catechins have diverse structural features, including different binding modes and degrees of polymerization. Because of their structural complexity, their physiological functions and possible health-benefits have not yet been fully investigated. This review focuses on the physiological potentials of dimeric and trimeric catechins in the intestine (regulation of absorption across the intestinal membrane), blood vessels (vasorelaxation in vessel regulation), and muscle organs (promotion of glucose uptake resulting in an anti-diabetic effect). Furthermore, the roles of non-absorbable theaflavins (dimeric catechins), absorbable theasinensins (dimeric catechins), and absorbable procyanidins (dimeric and trimeric catechins) on target organs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Matsui
- Division of Bioresources and Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Assis LC, Hort MA, de Souza GV, Martini AC, Forner S, Martins DF, Silva JC, Horst H, dos Santos ARS, Pizzolatti MG, Rae GA, Koepp J, de Bem AF, do Valle RMR. Neuroprotective effect of the proanthocyanidin-rich fraction in experimental model of spinal cord injury. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:694-704. [PMID: 24438047 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we evaluated the effect of the proanthocyanidins-rich fraction (PRF) obtained from Croton celtidifolius bark in an experimental animal model of spinal cord injury and cell death induced by glutamate. METHODS Experiments were conducted using adult male Wistar rats (10 weeks old and weighing 270-300g). Experimental groups were randomly allocated into the following groups: spinal cord injury (SCI) + vehicle group: rats were subjected to SCI plus intraperitoneal administration of vehicle (saline 10 ml/kg); SCI + PRF: rats were subjected to SCI plus intraperitoneal administration of PRF (10 mg/kg) at 1 and 6 h after injury and sham operated. KEY FINDINGS The treatment with the proanthocyanidin-rich fraction significantly improved not only motor recovery and grip force but also H2 O2 or glutamate-induced cell death and reactive oxygen species generation induced by glutamate in dorsal root ganglion cells. In this study we demonstrate that the neuroprotective effect triggered by the proanthocyanidins-rich fraction appears to be mediated in part by the inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrate that PRF treatment ameliorates spinal cord injury and glutamatergic excitotoxicity and could have a potential therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Clemes Assis
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, SC, Brazil
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Gynura procumbens causes vasodilation by inhibiting angiotensin II and enhancing bradykinin actions. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 61:378-84. [PMID: 23328388 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31828685b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that Gynura procumbens reduced blood pressure by blocking calcium channels and inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. The present experiments were to further explore the effects and mechanisms of a purer aqueous fraction (FA-I) of G. procumbens on angiotensin I (Ang I)-induced and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced contraction of aortic rings and also on the bradykinin (BK) effect on cardiovascular system. Rat aortic rings suspended in organ chambers were used to investigate the vascular reactivity of FA-I. Effect of FA-I on BK was studied by in vitro and in vivo methods. Results show that FA-I significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the contraction evoked by Ang I and Ang II. In the presence of indomethacin (10 µM) or N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (0.1 µM), the inhibitory effect of FA-I on Ang II-induced contraction of aortic rings was reduced. Besides, FA-I potentiated the vasorelaxant effect and enhanced the blood pressure-lowering effect of BK. In conclusion, FA-I reduced the contraction evoked by Ang II probably via the endothelium-dependent pathways, which involve activation of the release of nitric oxide and prostaglandins. The inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity by FA-I may contribute to the potentiation of the effects of BK on cardiovascular system.
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Biscaro F, Parisotto EB, Zanette VC, Günther TMF, Ferreira EA, Gris EF, Correia JFG, Pich CT, Mattivi F, Filho DW, Pedrosa RC. Anticancer activity of flavonol and flavan-3-ol rich extracts from Croton celtidifolius latex. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:737-743. [PMID: 23570524 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.764331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Croton celtidifolius Baill (Euphorbiaceae) is a tree found in the Atlantic Forest in Southern Brazil, where it is commonly known as "Sangue-de-Dragão". Its red latex is used traditionally for treating ulcers, diabetes and cancer. OBJECTIVE To evaluate antitumor activities of Croton celtififolius latex in vitro and in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS Phytochemical analyses were conducted using HPLC-DAD-MS. Cytotoxic, nuclease and pro-apoptotic properties were determined using the tetrazolium salt assay (MTT), plasmid DNA damage assay and ethidium bromide (EB)/acridine orange methods, respectively, and antitumor activity was determined in the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) mouse model. RESULTS Phytochemical studies indicated a high phenol content of flavonols (45.67 ± 0.24 and 18.01 ± 0.23 mg/mL of myricetin and quercetin, respectively) and flavan-3-ols (114.12 ± 1.84 and 1527.41 ± 16.42 mg/L of epicatechin and epigallocatechin, respectively) in latex. These compounds reduced MCF-7 and EAC cell viability in the MTT assay (IC50 = 169.0 ± 1.8 and 187.0 ± 2.2 μg/mL, respectively). Latex compounds caused significant DNA fragmentation and increased the number of apoptotic cells (negative control (NC), 12%; latex, 41%) as indicated by differential staining in the EB/acridine orange assay. The in vivo latex treatment at 3.12 mg/kg/day reduced the body weight by 7.57 ± 2.04 g and increased median survival time to 17.5 days when compared to the NC group (13.0 days). In addition, the highest latex concentration inhibited tumor growth by 56%. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results agree with ethno-pharmacological reports showing cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of C. celtidifolius latex. The mechanism of antitumor action may be related to direct DNA fragmentation that reduces survival and induces apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Biscaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Matsuura Y, Kaneko M, Hirabaru H, Hidaka F, Sakaida H, Kai T, Yukizaki C, Sakono M. Antihypertensive Effect of Blueberry Leaves on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.60.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cardioprotective effects of a proanthocyanidin-rich fraction from Croton celtidifolius Baill: focus on atherosclerosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3769-75. [PMID: 22884763 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are the most abundant polyphenols in human diets. Epidemiological studies have pointed to proanthocyanidins as promising molecules that could prevent the development of several coronary syndromes by inhibiting the atherogenic process. The present study was designed to investigate the antiatherogenic effects of a proanthocyanidin-rich fraction (PRF) obtained from Croton celtidifolius Baill (Euphorbiaceae) barks. In isolated human LDL, PRF caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of Cu2+-induced oxidative modifications, evidenced by the increasing of the lag phase of lipid peroxidation and decreasing in the oxidation rate (Vmax), moreover, the protein moieties from LDL were protected against Cu2+-induced oxidation. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), PRF reduced the ROS production stimulated by oxidized LDL. Herein, we demonstrate that oral treatment with PRF improved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in hypercholesterolemic LDL receptor knockout mice (LDLr-/-), however, the fraction did not modify plasma lipids and atherosclerotic lesion size in this experimental model. Finally, our results showed for the first time that PRF prevent isolated LDL oxidation, decrease oxidative stress in endothelial cells and improve endothelial function in mice.
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A procyanidin trimer, C1, promotes NO production in rat aortic endothelial cells via both hyperpolarization and PI3K/Akt pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 692:52-60. [PMID: 22796647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Procyanidins, which are condensed catechins, have been elucidated as absorbable polyphenols, but their health-benefits remain unclear. The aim of this study was, thus, to clarify the efficacy and mechanism of each procyanidin oligomer in NO activation in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). Treatment of RAECs with 50μM procyanidin C1 (4β→8 trimer) resulted in a time- and dose-dependent hyperpolarization using the membrane potential-sensitive probe bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol, while no effect was observed for (-)-epicatechin (a monomer) and procyanidin B2 (4β→8 dimer). The C1-induced hyperpolarization was inhibited by iberiotoxin, a specific inhibitor of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channel, as well as 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB), a store-operated Ca(2+) entry inhibitor. Procyanidin C1 caused a significant increase in NO production from RAECs via phosphorylation of both eNOS and Akt, and the effect was completely inhibited by N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine or combined treatment with iberiotoxin and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) specific inhibitor, wortmannin, as well as combined treatment with 2-APB and wortmannin. Taken together, these findings provide critical evidence that procyanidin C1, but not B2, has potential to induce NO production in RAECs via both Ca(2+)-dependent BK(Ca) channel-mediated hyperpolarization and Ca(2+)-independent PI3K/Akt pathways.
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Chaisakul J, Isbister GK, Konstantakopoulos N, Tare M, Parkington HC, Hodgson WC. In vivo and in vitro cardiovascular effects of Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) venom: Exploring "sudden collapse". Toxicol Lett 2012; 213:243-8. [PMID: 22771951 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
'Sudden collapse' following envenoming by some Australasian elapids is a poorly understood cause of mortality. We have previously shown that Oxyuranus scutellatus venom causes cardiovascular collapse in anaesthetized rats. Prior administration of a sub lethal dose of venom attenuated the response to subsequent administration of higher (lethal) venom doses. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms mediating this 'protective effect'. Papuan taipan venom (5μg/kg, i.v.) produced a small transient hypotension in anaesthetized rats, while 10μg/kg resulted in a 73±12% decrease in arterial pressure. Venom (20μg/kg or 50μg/kg) produced cardiovascular collapse in all animals tested (n=12). Cardiovascular collapse by 50μg/kg venom was prevented by prior administration of 'priming' doses of venom (5, 10 and 20μg/kg). Also, prior administration of indomethacin (30mg/kg, i.v.) or heparin (300units/kg, i.v.) prevented sudden collapse induced by venom (20μg/kg). Venom was without effect in isolated hearts indicating that a direct cardiac effect was unlikely to be responsible for 'sudden collapse'. Venom induced endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation in pre-contracted rat mesenteric artery rings which was inhibited by indomethacin, IbTx and Rp-8-CPT-cAMPs. This relaxation was markedly reduced upon second exposure. Our results indicate that cardiovascular collapse induced by O. scutellatus venom may be due to a combination of release of dilator autacoids and to direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle involving the cAMP/protein kinase A cascade. Further work will involve identification of the venom component(s) responsible for this action and may provide insight into the management of envenomed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeyuth Chaisakul
- Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Chokri A, El Abida K, Zegzouti YF, Ben Cheikh R. Endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation induced by Globularia alypum extract is mediated by EDHF in perfused rat mesenteric arterial bed. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:607-16. [PMID: 22530963 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The vasodilatory effect of Globularia alypum L. (GA) extract was evaluated in rat mesenteric arterial bed pre-contracted by continuous infusion of phenylephrine (2-4 ng/mL). Bolus injections of GA elicited dose-response vasodilation, which was abolished after endothelium removal. Addition of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (100 µmol/L), alone or in the presence of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (10 µmol/L), did not significantly affect the vasodilation of the mesenteric arterial bed in response to GA extract. These results suggest that GA-induced vasodilation is endothelium dependent but nitric oxide and prostacyclin independent. In the presence of high K(+) (60 mmol/L), the GA vasodilatory effect was completely abolished, suggesting that the vasodilation effect is mediated by hyperpolarization of the vascular cells. Also, pre-treatment with atropine (a muscarinic receptors antagonist) antagonized the GA-induced vasodilation, suggesting that the vasodilatory effect is mainly mediated by the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor through activation of endothelial muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Chokri
- Laboratoire des molécules bioactives, Faculté des sciences et techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco
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Scholz EP, Zitron E, Katus HA, Karle CA. Cardiovascular ion channels as a molecular target of flavonoids. Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 28:e46-52. [PMID: 20633021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of naturally occurring polyphenols abundant in edibles and beverages of plant origin. Epidemiological studies consistently associate high flavonoid intake with a reduced risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases. So far these beneficial effects have been mainly attributed to nonspecific antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. However, there is an increasing body of evidence that flavonoids specifically target molecular structures including cardiovascular ion channels. Playing a pivotal role in the regulation of vascular tone and cardiac electric activity, ion channels represent a major target for the induction of antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects. Thus, pharmacological properties of flavonoids on cardiovascular ion channels, ion currents and tissue preparations are being increasingly addressed in experimental studies. Whereas it has become clear that cardiovascular ion channels represent an important molecular target of flavonoids, the published data have not yet been systematically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard P Scholz
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Proanthocyanidin-rich fraction from Croton celtidifolius Baill confers neuroprotection in the intranasal 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine rat model of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:1337-51. [PMID: 20931248 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that rodents treated intranasally with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) suffered impairments in olfactory, cognitive and motor functions associated with time-dependent disruption of dopaminergic neurotransmission in different brain structures conceivably analogous to those observed during different stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). On the other hand, the proanthocyanidin-rich fraction (PRF) obtained from the bark of Croton celtidifolius Baill (Euphorbiaceae), a tree frequently found in the Atlantic forest in south Brazil, has been described to have several neurobiological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may be of interest in the treatment of PD. The present data indicated that the pretreatment with PRF (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during five consecutive days was able to prevent mitochondrial complex-I inhibition in the striatum and olfactory bulb, as well as a decrease of the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the olfactory bulb and substantia nigra of rats infused with a single intranasal administration of MPTP (1 mg/nostril). Moreover, pretreatment with PRF was found to attenuate the short-term social memory deficits, depressive-like behavior and reduction of locomotor activity observed at different periods after intranasal MPTP administration in rats. Altogether, the present findings provide strong evidence that PRF from C. celtidifolius may represent a promising therapeutic tool in PD, thus being able to prevent both motor and non-motor early symptoms of PD, together with its neuroprotective potential.
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Moreira ELG, Rial D, Duarte FS, De Carvalho CR, Horst H, Pizzolatti MG, Prediger RDS, Ribeiro-do-Valle RM. Central nervous system activity of the proanthocyanidin-rich fraction obtained from Croton celtidifolius in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:1061-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible neurobehavioural effects in rats of the proanthocyanidin-rich fraction (PRF) isolated from the bark of Croton celtidifolius (Euphorbiaceae).
Methods
Adult Wistar rats were treated with the PRF (0.3–30 mg/kg) and evaluated in different behavioural paradigms classically used for the screening of drugs with psychoactive effects.
Key findings
Acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of PRF decreased spontaneous locomotor activity (open field arena and activity cage), enhanced the duration of ethyl ether-induced hypnosis, increased the latency to the first convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and attenuated apomorphine-induced (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) stereotyped behaviour. In lower doses, PRF (0.3 or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the frequency of open arm entries in the elevated plus-maze test.
Conclusions
The present findings suggest that the systemic administration of PRF induces a wide spectrum of behavioural alterations in rats, consistent with the putative existence of hypnosedative, anticonvulsant and anxiolytic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo L G Moreira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rial
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Filipe S Duarte
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Heros Horst
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Moacir G Pizzolatti
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rui D S Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Abstract
Proanthocyanidins, also named condensed tannins, are the result of flavanols condensation. Oligomers and polymers of proanthocyanidins can widely be found in the plant kingdom, as in fruits and berries, seeds, flowers, and leaves. They have a putative role as antioxidants, and they affect the inflammatory process via calcium-dependent release of nitric oxide and protect against H(2)O(2)-induced lipid peroxidation. They also demonstrated a role in cardiovascular diseases via vessel relaxation and LDL oxidation inhibition. These condensed tannins have also shown activities that improve diabetic complications, such as neuropathy, retinopathy, or nephropathy, including a decrease in serum glucose and advanced glycation end products. Furthermore, proanthocyanidins have evidenced anticancer properties by mitigating tumor development through induction of apoptosis or inhibition of cell proliferation. Finally, they are able to produce antiadhesive actions against bacteria in urinary and dental infections, including Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans. Hence, proanthocyanidins are considered as beneficial molecules in preventing or treating many diseases and pathological conditions. Therefore, finding out more about condensed tannins bioavailability, and understanding the regulatory genes and pathways involved in their effects should be aimed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío de la Iglesia
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, Universidad de Navarra, Calle Irunlarrea, Pamplona, Spain
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Schini-Kerth VB, Auger C, Etienne-Selloum N, Chataigneau T. Polyphenol-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations role of NO and EDHF. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2010; 60:133-75. [PMID: 21081218 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385061-4.00006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet has been associated with greater longevity and quality of life in epidemiological studies. Indeed, because of the abundance of fruits and vegetables and a moderate consumption of wine, the Mediterranean diet provides high amounts of polyphenols thought to be essential bioactive compounds that might provide health benefits in terms of cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Several polyphenol-rich sources, such as grape-derived products, cocoa, and tea, have been shown to decrease mean blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The improvement of the endothelial function is likely to be one of the mechanisms by which polyphenols may confer cardiovascular protection. Indeed, polyphenols are able to induce nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxations in a large number of arteries including the coronary artery; they can also induce endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated relaxations in some of these arteries. Altogether, these mechanisms might contribute to explain the antihypertensive and cardio-protective effects of polyphenols in vivo. The aim of this review was to provide a nonexhaustive analysis of the effect of several polyphenol-rich sources and isolated compounds on the endothelium in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models as well as in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie B Schini-Kerth
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
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Apple procyanidins induced vascular relaxation in isolated rat aorta through NO/cGMP pathway in combination with hyperpolarization by multiple K+ channel activations. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2009; 73:2246-51. [PMID: 19809179 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Apple (Malus pumila) procyanidins led to a potent vasorelaxation effect in 1.0 microM phenylephrine-contractive rat thoracic aorta. Relaxation was greatly reduced by 70 mM KCl as well as by removal of the endothelium, suggesting that it was associated with endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. Neither cAMP synthesis inhibition nor NAD(P)H oxidase inhibition abolished the effect. In contrast, complete abolition by a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor revealed that apple procyanidins were mainly involved in the cGMP production pathways. In the presence of N(G)-monoethyl-L-arginine or tetraethylammonium chloride, the effect was still observed at higher concentrations (>25 microg/ml), while their combination completely diminished the effect. Vasorelaxation was to some extent affected by paxillin, apamin and glybenclamide, and was greatly affected by 4-aminopyridine and by BaCl(2). These results indicate that procyanidin-induced vasorelaxation is associated with NO-cGMP pathway in combination with hyperpolarization due to multiple activation of Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent K(+) channels.
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Akyuz C, Sehirli AO, Topaloglu U, Ogunc AV, Cetinel S, Sener G. Protective Effects of Proanthocyanidin on Cerulein-induced Acute Pancreatic Inflammation in Rats. Gastroenterology Res 2009; 2:20-28. [PMID: 27956946 PMCID: PMC5139881 DOI: 10.4021/gr2009.02.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the possible protective effect of proanthocyanidin against cerulein-induced acute pancreatic inflammation (AP) and oxidative injury. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with proanthocyanidine (100 mg/kg, orally) or saline 15 min before cerulein was given by 20 µg/kg subcutaneously at 1-h intervals within 4 hours. Six hours after cerulein or saline injections, the animals were killed by decapitation. Blood samples were collected to analyze amylase, lipase, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1b). Pancreas tissues were taken for the determination of tissue glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, Na+, K+-ATPase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities. Formation of reactive oxygen species in pancreatic tissue samples was monitored by using chemiluminescence (CL) technique with luminol and lucigenin probes, while the extent of tissue injury was analyzed microscopically. Results Acute pancreatitis caused a significant decrease in tissue GSH level and Na+, K+-ATPase activity, which was accompanied with significant increases in the pancreatic MDA, luminol and lucigenin chemiluminescences (CL) levels and MPO activity. Similarly TNF-α and IL-1β levels were elevated in the pancreatic group as compared to control group. On the other hand, proanthocyanidin treatment reversed all these biochemical indices, as well as histopathological alterations that were induced by cerulein. Conclusions Proanthocyanidine can ameliorate pancreatic injury induced by cerulein in rats, this result suggests that proanthocyanidin may have utility in treating acute pancreatititis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cebrail Akyuz
- Department of 5 Surgery, Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital
| | | | - Umit Topaloglu
- Department of 5 Surgery, Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital
| | | | - Sule Cetinel
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology & Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goksel Sener
- Department of 5 Surgery, Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital
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Vasorelaxant and antioxidant activities of Spilanthes acmella Murr. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:2724-2744. [PMID: 19330100 PMCID: PMC2635640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9122724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 12/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the effect of Spilanthes acmella Murr. extracts on phenylephrine-induced contraction of rat thoracic aorta as well as their antioxidant activity. Results show that the extracts exert maximal vasorelaxations in a dose-dependent manner, but their effects are less than acetylcholine-induced nitric oxide (NO) vasorelaxation. Significant reduction of vasorelaxations is observed in both NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and indomethacin (INDO). In the presence of l-NAME plus INDO, synergistic effects are observed, leading to loss of vasorelaxation of both acetylcholine and the extracts. Similarly, the vasorelaxations of the extracts are completely abolished upon the removal of endothelial cells. This demonstrates that the extracts exhibit vasorelaxation via partially endothelium-induced NO and prostacyclin in a dose-dependent manner. Significantly, the ethyl acetate extract exerts immediate vasorelaxation (ED50 76.1 ng/mL) and is the most potent antioxidant (DPPH assay). The chloroform extract shows the highest vasorelaxation and antioxidation (SOD assay). These reveal a potential source of vasodilators and antioxidants.
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DalBó S, Goulart S, Horst H, Pizzolatti MG, Ribeiro-do-Valle RM. Activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by proanthocyanidin-rich fraction from Croton celtidifolius (Euphorbiaceae): involvement of extracellular calcium influx in rat thoracic aorta. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 107:181-9. [PMID: 18566521 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0072385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the mechanisms related to the endogenous nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation in the relaxant effects of a proanthocyanidin-rich fraction (PRF), obtained from Croton celtidifolius Baill barks, in rat thoracic aorta rings with endothelium. In vessels pre-contracted with phenylephrine (Phe), PRF (0.1 - 100 microg/mL) induced a concentration-dependent relaxation. This effect was significantly reduced by endothelium denudation, by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine, and by 1H[1,2,3]oxadiazolo[4,3-alpha]quinoxalin. However, the vasorelaxant effect was not altered by indomethacin, atropine, tetraethylammonium, and charybdotoxin plus apamin. In thoracic aorta rings pre-contracted with phorbol-12,13-dibuyrate, PRF also induced a concentration-dependent relaxation. The PRF-induced relaxation disappeared in the absence of extracellular calcium in the medium and decreased significantly in the presence of lanthanum. A sulfhydryl alkylating agent, N-ethylmaleimide, and a phospholipase C (PLC) blocker, neomycin, significantly decreased PRF-induced vasorelaxation. In vessels pre-contracted with Phe, the PRF-induced vasorelaxant effect was not altered by quinacrine and ONO-RS-082, genistein and thyrphostin A-23, GF109203, and pertussis toxin and cholera toxin. The results suggest that the PRF-induced vasorelaxant effect is endothelium-dependent and involves the NO/cGMP pathway. We hypothesize that the activation of eNOS is due to an increase of intracellular calcium derived from PLC activation and an N-ethylmaleimide sensitive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia DalBó
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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