1
|
Retraction: Hypothalamic Inhibition of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Stimulates Hepatic Counter-Regulatory Response Independent of AMPK Activation in Rats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295063. [PMID: 38011044 PMCID: PMC10681210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
|
2
|
Tian S, Zhao H, Song H. Shared signaling pathways and targeted therapy by natural bioactive compounds for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5039-5056. [PMID: 36397728 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2148090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence showed that patients suffering from obesity and T2DM are significantly at higher risk for chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and intestinal flora imbalance. Increasing evidence of pathological characteristics illustrates that some common signaling pathways participate in the occurrence, progression, treatment, and prevention of obesity and T2DM. These signaling pathways contain the pivotal players in glucose and lipid metabolism, e.g., AMPK, PI3K/AKT, FGF21, Hedgehog, Notch, and WNT; the inflammation response, for instance, Nrf2, MAPK, NF- kB, and JAK/STAT. Bioactive compounds from plants have emerged as key food components related to healthy status and disease prevention. They can act as signaling molecules to initiate or mediate signaling transduction that regulates cell function and homeostasis to repair and re-functionalize the damaged tissues and organs. Therefore, it is crucial to continuously investigate bioactive compounds as sources of new pharmaceuticals for obesity and T2DM. This review provides comprehensive information of the commonly shared signaling pathways between obesity and T2DM, and we also summarize the therapeutic bioactive compounds that may serve as anti-obesity and/or anti-diabetes therapeutics by regulating these associated pathways, which contribute to improving glucose and lipid metabolism, attenuating inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haizhao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Locateli G, de Oliveira Alves B, Miorando D, Ernetti J, Alievi K, Zilli GAL, Serpa PZ, Vecchia CAD, Mota da Silva L, Müller LG, Roman Junior WA. Antidepressant-like effects of solidagenone on mice with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression. Behav Brain Res 2020; 395:112863. [PMID: 32818537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the pharmacological potential of solidagenone from Solidago chilensis, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate its antidepressant-like effect in mice with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive like behavior and its mode of action through the measurement of neuroinflammatory and oxidative markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the prophylactic test, the mice were pretreated with solidagenone (1, 10 or 100 mg/kg, p.o) and after one hour received LPS. In therapeutic test, the mice received LPS and after 5 h were treated with solidagenone (1, 10 or 100 mg/kg, p.o). In both experimental approaches, the animals were submitted to OFT and to the TST after 6 and 24 h of the LPS administration, respectively. One hour after the TST the animals were euthanized, the blood was collected, the cortex was removed and biochemical analyzes were performed for measurement of the inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. RESULTS The LPS induced sickness- and depressive-like behaviors and increased the cortical activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as the IL-6 and TNF amount. Interestingly, the pretreatment with solidagenone at 100 mg/kg avoided the behavioral alterations in OFT. In the mice post treated with solidagenone, all tested doses of resulted in an antidepressant-like effect evidenced by the decrease in immobility time in the TST. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in the MPO activity and in the IL-6 and TNF levels in the cortex in parallel to the increase in catalase activity. CONCLUSIONS The solidagenone has a promissor antidepressant-like potential, which can result of its beneficial action in the neuroinflammation process and due its antioxidant capability at the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gelvani Locateli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Bianca de Oliveira Alves
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniela Miorando
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Jackeline Ernetti
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Kelly Alievi
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Zanotelli Serpa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Cristian Alex Dalla Vecchia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Liz Girardi Müller
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Walter Antônio Roman Junior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Malpezzi-Marinho ELA, Molska GR, Freire LIGP, Silva CI, Tamura EK, Berro LF, Parada CA, Marinho EAV. Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Solidago chilensis Meyen on nociception and hypernociception in rodents. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:72. [PMID: 30894170 PMCID: PMC6427863 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Solidago chilensis (syn. microglossa) is a plant from the Asteraceae family widely distributed in South America and used to treat inflammatory diseases. In 2009, it was listed as one of the native medicinal herbal plants used in the Brazilian public health system. In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, a recent clinical study has shown antinociceptive effects of S. chilensis, introducing a new potential medical use for this plant. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antinociceptive activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Solidago chilensis (HESc) in rodent models of pain. Methods The dried plant extract was obtained from its aerial parts, maintained in ethanol (100 g/l) and filtered. Rats or mice were treated with intraperitoneal injections of HESc (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg) 30 min before being submitted to writhing, 0.2%-formaline or hot-plate tests or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) administration in the hind paw. Mechanical hypernociception and motor impairment were evaluated by electronic von Frey and rota-rod, respectively. Results HESc dose-dependently inhibited abdominal contortions in the writhing test and attenuated phases I and II formalin-induced nociceptive behavior. Treatment with HESc also increased thermal threshold and decreased PGE2-induced hypernociception without promoting motor impairment. Conclusions Our data suggest that, when systemically administered, HESc decreases nociception without inducing a sedative effect. Importantly, this effect was observed in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory models of pain and nociception, suggesting a specific non-inflammatory mechanism of HESc on pain. Our findings indicate that S. chilensis might be an important adjuvant in pain management.
Collapse
|
5
|
Schneider M, Sachett A, Schönell AP, Ibagy E, Fantin E, Bevilaqua F, Piccinin G, Santo GD, Giachini M, Chitolina R, Wildner SM, Mocelin R, Zanatta L, Roman Junior WA. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Solidago chilensis in rats. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
6
|
Melo AM, Benatti RO, Ignacio-Souza LM, Okino C, Torsoni AS, Milanski M, Velloso LA, Torsoni MA. Hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance in offspring of mice dams fed high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation. Metabolism 2014; 63:682-92. [PMID: 24636055 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the presence early of markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and insulin resistance in the offspring from dams fed HFD (HFD-O) or standard chow diet (SC-O) during pregnancy and lactation. MATERIALS/METHODS To address this question, we evaluated the hypothalamic and hepatic tissues in recently weaned mice (d28) and the hypothalamus of newborn mice (d0) from dams fed HFD or SC during pregnancy and lactation. RESULTS Body weight, adipose tissue mass, and food intake were more accentuated in HFD-O mice than in SC-O mice. In addition, intolerance to glucose and insulin was higher in HFD-O mice than in SC-O mice. Compared with SC-O mice, levels of hypothalamic IL1-β mRNA, NFκB protein, and p-JNK were increased in HFD-O mice. Furthermore, compared with SC-O mice, hypothalamic AKT phosphorylation after insulin challenge was reduced, while markers of ERS (p-PERK, p-eIF2α, XBP1s, GRP78, and GRP94) and p-AMPK were increased in the hypothalamic tissue of HFD-O at d28 but not at d0. These damages to hypothalamic signaling were accompanied by increased triglyceride deposits, activation of NFκB, p-JNK, p-PERK and p-eIF2α. CONCLUSION These point out lactation period as maternal trigger for metabolic changes in the offspring. These changes may occur early and quietly contribute to obesity and associated pathologies in adulthood. Although in rodents the establishment of ARC neuronal projections occurs during the lactation period, in humans it occurs during the third trimester. Gestational diabetes and obesity in this period may contribute to impairment of energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arine M Melo
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rafaela O Benatti
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Caroline Okino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Adriana S Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brasil; Center for Studies of lipid in Nutrigenomic, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brasil; Center for Studies of lipid in Nutrigenomic, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratoty of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brasil; Center for Studies of lipid in Nutrigenomic, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Santos GA, Moura RF, Vitorino DC, Roman EAFR, Torsoni AS, Velloso LA, Torsoni MA. Hypothalamic AMPK activation blocks lipopolysaccharide inhibition of glucose production in mice liver. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 381:88-96. [PMID: 23916575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxic hypoglycaemia has an important role in the survival rates of septic patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (hyp-AMPK) activity is sufficient to modulate glucose homeostasis. However, the role of hyp-AMPK in hypoglycaemia associated with endotoxemia is unknown. The aims of this study were to examine hyp-AMPK dephosphorylation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice and to determine whether pharmacological hyp-AMPK activation could reduce the effects of endotoxemia on blood glucose levels. LPS-treated mice showed reduced food intake, diminished basal glycemia, increased serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels and increased hypothalamic p-TAK and TLR4/MyD88 association. These effects were accompanied by hyp-AMPK/ACC dephosphorylation. LPS-treated mice also showed diminished liver expression of PEPCK/G6Pase, reduction in p-FOXO1, p-AMPK, p-STAT3 and p-JNK level and glucose production. Pharmacological hyp-AMPK activation blocked the effects of LPS on the hyp-AMPK phosphorylation, liver PEPCK expression and glucose production. Furthermore, the effects of LPS were TLR4-dependent because hyp-AMPK phosphorylation, liver PEPCK expression and fasting glycemia were not affected in TLR4-mutant mice. These results suggest that hyp-AMPK activity may be an important pharmacological target to control glucose homeostasis during endotoxemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Santos
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sullivan TJ, Miao Z, Zhao BN, Ertl LS, Wang Y, Krasinski A, Walters MJ, Powers JP, Dairaghi DJ, Baumgart T, Seitz LC, Berahovich RD, Schall TJ, Jaen JC. Experimental evidence for the use of CCR2 antagonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2013; 62:1623-32. [PMID: 23953944 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CCR2 inhibition has produced promising experimental and clinical anti-hyperglycemic effects. These results support the thesis that insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with chronic unresolved inflammation. The aim of this study was to provide a broad analysis of the various physiological changes occurring in mouse models of T2D in connection with pharmacological CCR2 inhibition. MATERIALS/METHODS A mouse-active chemical analogue of the clinical candidate CCX140-B was tested in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and db/db mice. Measurements included: adipose tissue inflammatory macrophage counts; peripheral blood glucose levels at steady-state and after glucose and insulin challenges; peripheral blood insulin and adiponectin levels; 24-h urine output and urinary glucose levels; pancreatic islet number and size; hepatic triglyceride and glycogen content; and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase levels. RESULTS In DIO mice, the CCR2 antagonist completely blocked the recruitment of inflammatory macrophages to visceral adipose tissue. The mice exhibited reduced hyperglycemia and insulinemia, improved insulin sensitivity, increased circulating adiponectin levels, decreased pancreatic islet size and increased islet number. It also reduced urine output, glucose excretion, hepatic glycogen and triglyceride content and glucose 6-phosphatase levels. Similar effects were observed in the db/db diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that pharmacological inhibition of CCR2 in models of T2D can reduce inflammation in adipose tissue, alter hepatic metabolism and ameliorate multiple diabetic parameters. These mechanisms may contribute to the promising anti-diabetic effects seen in humans with at least one CCR2 antagonist.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adiponectin/blood
- Adipose Tissue/pathology
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Glucose-6-Phosphatase/metabolism
- Glycogen/metabolism
- Glycosuria/diagnosis
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Insulin/administration & dosage
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin Resistance
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Liver/metabolism
- Macrophages
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity/blood
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Triglycerides/metabolism
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim JE, Lee MH, Nam DH, Song HK, Kang YS, Lee JE, Kim HW, Cha JJ, Hyun YY, Han SY, Han KH, Han JY, Cha DR. Celastrol, an NF-κB inhibitor, improves insulin resistance and attenuates renal injury in db/db mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62068. [PMID: 23637966 PMCID: PMC3637455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB pathway plays an important role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Recently, NF-κB has also been suggested as an important mechanism linking obesity, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. However, there is no current evidence regarding the mechanism of action of NF-κB inhibition in insulin resistance and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic animal models. We investigated the effects of the NF-κB inhibitor celastrol in db/db mice. The treatment with celastrol for 2 months significantly lowered fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1C and homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) levels. Celastrol also exhibited significant decreases in body weight, kidney/body weight and adiposity. Celastrol reduced insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities and led to higher plasma adiponectin levels. Celastrol treatment also significantly mitigated lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in organs including the kidney, liver and adipose tissue. The treated group also exhibited significantly lower creatinine levels and urinary albumin excretion was markedly reduced. Celastrol treatment significantly lowered mesangial expansion and suppressed type IV collagen, PAI-1 and TGFβ1 expressions in renal tissues. Celastrol also improved abnormal lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine activity in the kidney. In cultured podocytes, celastrol treatment abolished saturated fatty acid-induced proinflammatory cytokine synthesis. Taken together, celastrol treatment not only improved insulin resistance, glycemic control and oxidative stress, but also improved renal functional and structural changes through both metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects in the kidney. These results suggest that targeted therapy for NF-κB may be a useful new therapeutic approach for the management of type II diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University, Ansan City, Kyungki-Do, Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University, Ansan City, Kyungki-Do, Korea
| | - Deok Hwa Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University, Ansan City, Kyungki-Do, Korea
| | - Hye Kyoung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University, Ansan City, Kyungki-Do, Korea
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University, Ansan City, Kyungki-Do, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Wonkwang University, Gunpo City, Kyungki-Do, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Wonkwang University, Gunpo City, Kyungki-Do, Korea
| | - Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University, Ansan City, Kyungki-Do, Korea
| | - Young Youl Hyun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Youb Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Inje University, Goyang City, Kyungki-Do, Korea
| | - Kum Hyun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Inje University, Goyang City, Kyungki-Do, Korea
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University, Incheon City, Kyungki-Do, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Korea University, Ansan City, Kyungki-Do, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xiao J, Ching YP, Liong EC, Nanji AA, Fung ML, Tipoe GL. Garlic-derived S-allylmercaptocysteine is a hepato-protective agent in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in vivo animal model. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:179-91. [PMID: 22278044 PMCID: PMC3549410 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the hepato-protective properties and underlying mechanisms of SAMC in a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rat model. METHODS Female rats were fed with a diet comprising highly unsaturated fat diet (30% fish oil) for 8 weeks to develop NAFLD with or without an intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg SAMC three times per week. After euthanasia, blood and liver samples of rats were collected for histological and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Co-treatment of SAMC attenuated NAFLD-induced liver injury, fat accumulation, collagen formation and free fatty acids (FFAs). At the molecular level, SAMC decreased the lipogenesis marker and restored the lipolysis marker. SAMC also reduced the expression levels of pro-fibrogenic factors and diminished liver oxidative stress partly through the inhibition in the activity of cytochrome P450 2E1-dependent pathway. NAFLD-induced inflammation was also partially mitigated by SAMC treatment via reduction in the pro-inflammatory mediators, chemokines and suppressor of cytokine signaling. The protective effect of SAMC is also shown partly through the restoration of altered phosphorylation status of FFAs-dependent MAP kinase pathways and diminished in the nuclear transcription factors (NF-κB and AP-1) activity during NAFLD development. CONCLUSIONS SAMC is a novel hepato-protective agent against NAFLD caused by abnormal liver functions. Garlic or garlic derivatives could be considered as a potent food supplement in the prevention of fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L1-41, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Yick Pang Ching
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L1-41, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Emily C. Liong
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L1-41, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Amin A. Nanji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Man Lung Fung
- Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - George L. Tipoe
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L1-41, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR
| |
Collapse
|