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Ljung R, Xu Y, Sundström A, Leach S, Hallberg E, Bygdell M, Larsson M, Arthurson V, Gisslén M, Gedeborg R, Nyberg F. Association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and healthcare contacts for menstrual disturbance and bleeding in women before and after menopause: nationwide, register based cohort study. BMJ 2023; 381:e074778. [PMID: 37137493 PMCID: PMC10543813 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-074778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the risks of any menstrual disturbance and bleeding following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in women who are premenopausal or postmenopausal. DESIGN A nationwide, register based cohort study. SETTING All inpatient and specialised outpatient care in Sweden from 27 December 2020 to 28 February 2022. A subset covering primary care for 40% of the Swedish female population was also included. PARTICIPANTS 2 946 448 Swedish women aged 12-74 years were included. Pregnant women, women living in nursing homes, and women with history of any menstruation or bleeding disorders, breast cancer, cancer of female genital organs, or who underwent a hysterectomy between 1 January 2015 and 26 December 2020 were excluded. INTERVENTIONS SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, by vaccine product (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222)) and dose (unvaccinated and first, second, and third dose) over two time windows (one to seven days, considered the control period, and 8-90 days). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Healthcare contact (admission to hospital or visit) for menstrual disturbance or bleeding before or after menopause (diagnosed with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes N91, N92, N93, N95). RESULTS 2 580 007 (87.6%) of 2 946 448 women received at least one SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and 1 652 472 (64.0%) 2 580 007 of vaccinated women received three doses before the end of follow-up. The highest risks for bleeding in women who were postmenopausal were observed after the third dose, in the one to seven days risk window (hazard ratio 1.28 (95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.62)) and in the 8-90 days risk window (1.25 (1.04 to 1.50)). The impact of adjustment for covariates was modest. Risk of postmenopausal bleeding suggested a 23-33% increased risk after 8-90 days with BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 after the third dose, but the association with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was less clear. For menstrual disturbance or bleeding in women who were premenopausal, adjustment for covariates almost completely removed the weak associations noted in the crude analyses. CONCLUSIONS Weak and inconsistent associations were observed between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and healthcare contacts for bleeding in women who are postmenopausal, and even less evidence was recorded of an association for menstrual disturbance or bleeding in women who were premenopausal. These findings do not provide substantial support for a causal association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and healthcare contacts related to menstrual or bleeding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickard Ljung
- Division of Use and Information, Swedish Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - YiYi Xu
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundström
- Division of Use and Information, Swedish Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susannah Leach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ebba Hallberg
- Division of Use and Information, Swedish Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Bygdell
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Division of Use and Information, Swedish Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Veronica Arthurson
- Division of Use and Information, Swedish Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gisslén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rolf Gedeborg
- Division of Licensing, Swedish Medical Products Agency, PO Box 26, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Nyberg
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Fielden N, Holch P. ‘Exploring the Influence of Social Media Influencers on Intention to Attend Cervical Screening in the UK: Utilising the Theory of Planned Behaviour’. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221079480. [PMID: 35403444 PMCID: PMC8998370 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221079480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cervical cancer is 99.8% preventable when detected early; however, uptake of
screening in the United Kingdom is at a 20-year low. Recently, a number of
social media influencers have video logged about their experiences of
cervical screening through narrative communication with their audience. Here
we aimed to explore if accessing cervical screening information from a
social media influencer can impact the theory of planned behaviour variables
and predict intention to attend cervical screening appointments. Design Utilising a cross-sectional design a volunteer sample of 102 UK women (mean
age = 28; SD = 3.10; range = 25–35) took part in an online questionnaire
study. Results Hierarchical regression modelling revealed attitude as a significant
predictor of intention to attend a cervical screening appointment and that
social media influencers affect attitudes of their audience, indirectly
influencing intention to attend. Conclusion Health messages communicated by social media influencers are effective in
promoting positive attitudes but not directly influence intention to attend
towards cervical screening. Further research should explore influencer
impact on attitudes towards this health behaviour with the ultimate aim of
increasing attendance and consequently saving lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Fielden
- Department of Psychology, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Patricia Holch
- Department of Psychology, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
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Robb KA. The integrated screening action model (I-SAM): A theory-based approach to inform intervention development. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101427. [PMID: 34189020 PMCID: PMC8220376 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening can reduce deaths if the people invited participate. However, good uptake is hard to achieve, and our current approaches are failing to engage the most vulnerable. A coherent model of screening behaviour to guide our understanding and intervention development is yet to be established. The present aim was to propose an Integrated Screening Action Model (I-SAM) to improve screening access. The I-SAM synthesises existing models of health behaviour and empirical evidence. The I-SAM was developed following: i) an appraisal of the predominant models used within the screening literature; ii) the integration of the latest knowledge on behaviour change; with iii) the empirical literature, to inform the development of a theory-based approach to intervention development. There are three key aspects to the I-SAM: i) a sequence of stages that people pass through in engaging in screening behaviour (based on the Precaution Adoption Process Model); ii) screening behaviour is shaped by the interaction between participant and environmental influences (drawing from the Access Framework); and iii) targets for intervention should focus on the sources of behaviour - 'capability', 'opportunity', and 'motivation' (based on the COM-B Model). The I-SAM proposes an integrated model to support our understanding of screening behaviour and to identify targets for intervention. It will be an iterative process to test and refine the I-SAM and establish its value in supporting effective interventions to improve screening for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Robb
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0XH, United Kingdom
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4
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Garnett C, Perski O, Beard E, Michie S, West R, Brown J. The impact of celebrity influence and national media coverage on users of an alcohol reduction app: a natural experiment. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:30. [PMID: 33407283 PMCID: PMC7789329 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone apps are increasingly used for health-related behaviour change and people discover apps through different sources. However, it is unclear whether users differ by mode of app discovery. Drink Less is an alcohol reduction app that received national media coverage in the UK caused by celebrity influence (a male TV and radio national broadcaster, aged 51). Our aim was to compare users who discovered the app before and after this coverage. METHODS A natural experiment assessing the impact of media coverage of Drink Less on users' socio-demographic and drinking characteristics, app engagement levels, and extent of alcohol reduction. The study period was from 17th May 2017 to 23rd January 2019, with media coverage starting on 21st August 2018. Users were 18 years or over, based in the UK and interested in drinking less. Interrupted time series analyses using Generalised Additive Mixed Models were conducted for each outcome variable aggregated at the weekly level. RESULTS In 66 weeks prior to the media coverage, 8617 users downloaded the app and 18,959 in 23 weeks afterwards. There was a significant step-level increase in users' mean age (B = 8.17, p < .001) and a decrease in the percentage of female users (B = -27.71, p < .001), though these effects dissipated non-linearly over time. No effect of media coverage was detected on employment type or on the percentage of at-risk drinkers, though the mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score was lower after the media coverage (B = -1.43, p = .031). There was a step-level increase in app engagement - number of sessions (B = 3.45, p = .038) and number of days used (B = 2.30, p = .005) - which continued to increase over time following quadratic trends. CONCLUSIONS Celebrity influence leading to national media coverage in the UK of the Drink Less app was associated with more people downloading the app who were male, older and engaged with the app; and did not appear to impact employment inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Garnett
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
| | - Olga Perski
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Emma Beard
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Susan Michie
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Robert West
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
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5
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Sillence E, Martin R. Talking about Decisions: The Facilitating Effect of a Celebrity Health Announcement on the Communication of Online Personal Experiences around Decision-making. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 35:1447-1454. [PMID: 31411044 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1652064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examines how posters on an online forum discussed their own current and past decision-making in response to a celebrity health announcement. We examined messages in response to a celebrity narrative, and extracted those explicitly related to decision-making around genetic testing and preventative surgery. Using deductive coding we identified different types of decision-making narratives, and with inductive coding we examined how users discussed decision-making activities. Guided by the literature on narrative content types in decision-making, and on celebrity health narratives, we found that the celebrity decision announcement facilitated social sharing in relation to two key decision-making activities. First, identifying with the celebrity allowed people to reflect and compare their own personal health circumstances. This empowered readers to appraise and select options about their current decision-making regarding preventative surgery. Second, the announcement allowed an extension of the discussion beyond the celebrity, and acted as a catalyst encouraging other people to share their own previous decision-making experiences. These experiences contained a mix of narratives content types, and provided an opportunity for posters to evaluate their decisions, and to contribute to a repository of decision-making examples for others. Health narratives act as communication devices in decision-making, and we discuss the findings in relation to the extension of the educational and persuasive function of celebrity health narratives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Martin
- PaCT Lab, Department of Psychology, Northumbria University
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6
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Lipsey AF, Waterman AD, Wood EH, Balliet W. Evaluation of first-person storytelling on changing health-related attitudes, knowledge, behaviors, and outcomes: A scoping review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2020; 103:1922-1934. [PMID: 32359877 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES First-person storytelling (FPS) has the potential to engage patients in changing behavior differently than didactic education. We assessed the prevalence of FPS in health education interventions; whether published FPS research has shown improvements in attitudinal, knowledge, behavioral, or clinical outcomes; and whether randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including FPS have shown more effectiveness than non-FPS interventions. METHODS A scoping review of FPS studies published before October 2019 in five medical databases was conducted. RESULTS 22 out of 10,363 identified studies met eligibility criteria. FPS has been studied primarily in cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. Of the 12 RCTs, compared to controls, patients receiving FPS interventions improved attitudes (N = 6 studies) and knowledge (N = 1), improved health behaviors like quitting smoking (N = 6), and improved clinical outcomes like lowering A1C levels (N = 3). Of the 10 non-RCT studies, compared to baseline assessments, patients who received FPS interventions had improved knowledge (N = 1), attitudes (N = 3), clinical outcomes (N = 4), and improved health behaviors (N = 7). CONCLUSION While rarely used, FPS interventions can improve patient health attitudes and outcomes. Future research should expand FPS to new health areas and determine best practices for developing FPS interventions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS FPS may be particularly effective with low income patients and racial/ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Faye Lipsey
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Amy D Waterman
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Emily H Wood
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Wendy Balliet
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States.
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7
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Wearn A, Shepherd L. The impact of emotion‐based mass media campaigns on stigma toward cervical screening non participation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wearn
- Department of Psychology Northumbria University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
| | - Lee Shepherd
- Department of Psychology Northumbria University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
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8
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Trinh QD, Hong F, Halpenny B, Epstein M, Berry DL. Racial/ethnicity differences in endorsing influential factors for prostate cancer treatment choice: An analysis of data from the personal patient profile-prostate (P3P) I and II trials. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:78.e7-78.e13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Finnegan A. Effects of a sister's death in childbirth on reproductive behaviors: Difference-in-difference analyses using sisterhood mortality data from Indonesia. Soc Sci Med 2020; 250:112795. [PMID: 32145482 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Risk of maternal mortality increases rapidly during the intrapartum period making skilled care at delivery an effective intervention to reduce the risk of maternal death. Demand generation for skilled care typically focuses on institutional channels; however, much less attention has been paid to whether what women may learn through their social networks can potentially influence their choice of delivery care. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze whether a sister's death in childbirth has the potential to improve delivery care choices for women who experience this event. METHODS This study uses retrospective reports of sister deaths - either in childbirth or from some other cause - reported in the sisterhood moratlity module from five waves of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHS) spanning 1989 to 2012. A cross-sectional, difference-in-difference strategy compares delivery care behavior of women before and after losing a sister in childbirth to women before and after losing a sister of reproductive age from some other cause in an intent-to-treat framework. RESULTS Women are less likely to give birth at home after losing a sister in childbirth relative to women who lose a sister from some other cause. Losing a sister in childbirth may trigger behaviors that help usher women of lower socioeconomic status into formal delivery care. CONCLUSION This study extends the literature on health behavior change through social networks to improve delivery care. Public health campaigns should consider social networks when designing messages around maternal mortality in order to help women at risk of maternal mortality make decisions that reduce their risk of and ultimately avoid maternal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Finnegan
- Duke Global Health Institute (DGHI), 310 Trent Drive Durham, NC, 27710, United States; IntraHealth International, 6340 Quadrangle Drive, Suite 200, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, United States.
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10
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Ghanouni A, von Wagner C, Waller J. Public awareness of and responses to media coverage of invitation errors in the Breast Screening Programme in England: a cross-sectional population survey. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028040. [PMID: 31494600 PMCID: PMC6731953 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In May 2018, the British Health Secretary announced the 'serious failure' that 450 000 women had missed out on invitations to breast screening in England, leading to extensive media coverage. This study measured public awareness of the story and tested for associated factors (eg, educational level and trust in the National Health Service (NHS)). DESIGN A computer-assisted face-to-face survey in June 2018. SETTING Participants completed the survey in their homes. PARTICIPANTS Males and females aged 16 years or older in England. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Awareness of aspects of the media coverage and reported statistics. Other data included demographics (eg, ethnicity), awareness of unrelated contemporaneous news stories, trust in participants' general practitioners (GPs) and the NHS, and (among women) worry about breast cancer and future breast screening intentions. RESULTS Descriptive statistics showed that 67% of 1894 participants reported being aware of the media coverage. Regression analyses showed that those who were aware of other news stories, were white British and had a higher level of education or social grade were more likely to be aware. In contrast, only 36% correctly identified at least one of two headline statistics. This study did not find evidence that awareness was negatively associated with trust in participants' GPs or the NHS, breast cancer worry or future breast cancer screening intentions. CONCLUSIONS Awareness of the breast screening news story was high but recall of reported statistics was much lower: the public may have retained only the gist of quantitative information. Associations between story awareness and attitudes or behaviour were not apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ghanouni
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christian von Wagner
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jo Waller
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Kaleem T, Malouff TD, Stross WC, Waddle MR, Miller DH, Seymour AL, Zaorsky NG, Miller RC, Trifiletti DM, Vallow L. Google Search Trends in Oncology and the Impact of Celebrity Cancer Awareness. Cureus 2019; 11:e5360. [PMID: 31608195 PMCID: PMC6783227 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is widespread public interest when celebrities are diagnosed with cancer. We sought to assess how this interest impacts awareness of prevalent cancers. Methods We reviewed common cancer-related search terms using Google Trends (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA) between the years 2004 and 2017 and retrospectively correlated these findings with media or celebrity-related events. The Google Trends application was used to obtain the “search volume index” (SVI), defined as the number of searches for a specific term standardized to the total number of searches over that time period. Data were presented in a graphical format. Isolated peaks of greater than 25% from the baseline SVI were identified. Using the date of the peaks, a further search was performed to determine if any event in the media triggered the peak. Results “Lung Cancer,” “Pancreas Cancer,” “Endometrial Cancer,” “Cervical Cancer,” “Brain Cancer,” and “Glioblastoma” each had the highest peak correspond with a celebrity-related event covered in the media. These search terms displayed several additional isolated peaks, the majority of which could all be correlated with a significant media event (%). The search term “Breast Cancer” consistently had a peaked interest during October (breast cancer awareness month). Breast cancer events relating to public figures had little to no relative impact on search volume during this period. None of the other cancer search terms displayed the same cyclical pattern during their respective awareness months. Colon, rectal, and prostate cancer demonstrated stable search volumes over time, without an isolated peak. Conclusion Internet search activity among English speakers of most general cancer terms exhibit peaks coinciding with events that occur to celebrity figures or advances in medicines that are substantially covered in the media. In all cases but “breast cancer,” these events lend to higher search activity as compared to campaigns and awareness months. Our study suggests that media coverage of public figures with cancer may trigger substantial Internet interest in non-breast cancers, more so than traditional efforts to raise awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Kaleem
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Timothy D Malouff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, USA
| | - William C Stross
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Mark R Waddle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Daniel H Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gamma West Cancer Services, Idaho Falls, USA
| | - Audrey L Seymour
- Department of Public Affairs, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, USA
| | | | - Robert C Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Laura Vallow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, USA
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12
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Macdonald S, Cunningham Y, Patterson C, Robb K, Macleod U, Anker T, Hilton S. Mass media and risk factors for cancer: the under-representation of age. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:490. [PMID: 29695238 PMCID: PMC5918870 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing age is a risk factor for developing cancer. Yet, older people commonly underestimate this risk, are less likely to be aware of the early symptoms, and are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced stage cancer. Mass media are a key influence on the public's understanding health issues, including cancer risk. This study investigates how news media have represented age and other risk factors in the most common cancers over time. METHODS Eight hundred articles about the four most common cancers (breast, prostate, lung and colorectal) published within eight UK national newspapers in 2003, 2004, 2013 and 2014 were identified using the Nexis database. Relevant manifest content of articles was coded quantitatively and subjected to descriptive statistical analysis in SPSS to identify patterns across the data. RESULTS Risk was presented in half of the articles but this was rarely discussed in any depth and around a quarter of all articles introduced more than one risk factor, irrespective of cancer site. Age was mentioned as a risk factor in approximately 12% of all articles and this varied by cancer site. Age was most frequently reported in relation to prostate cancer and least often in articles about lung cancer. Articles featuring personal narratives more frequently focused on younger people and this was more pronounced in non-celebrity stories; only 15% of non-celebrity narratives were about people over 60. Other common risks discussed were family history and genetics, smoking, diet, alcohol, and environmental factors. Family history and genetics together featured as the most common risk factors. Risk factor reporting varied by site and family history was most commonly associated with breast cancer, diet with bowel cancer and smoking with lung cancer. CONCLUSION Age and older adults were largely obscured in media representation of cancer and cancer experience. Indeed common risk factors in general were rarely discussed in any depth. Our findings will usefully inform the development of future cancer awareness campaigns and media guidelines. It is important that older adults appreciate their heightened risk, particularly in the context of help-seeking decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Macdonald
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, General Practice and Primary Care, 1 Horselethill Rd, Glasgow, G12 9LX Scotland
| | - Yvonne Cunningham
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, General Practice and Primary Care, 1 Horselethill Rd, Glasgow, G12 9LX Scotland
| | - Chris Patterson
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow, G2 3QB Scotland
| | - Katie Robb
- Institute of Health & WellbeingMental Health & Wellbeing, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Administration Building, 1st floor, 1055 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0XH Scotland
| | - Una Macleod
- Hull York Medical School, Allam Medical Building, Univrsity of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| | - Thomas Anker
- Adam Smith Business School, Gilbert Scott Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland
| | - Shona Hilton
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow, G2 3QB Scotland
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13
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Vorsters A, Arbyn M, Baay M, Bosch X, de Sanjosé S, Hanley S, Karafillakis E, Lopalco PL, Pollock KG, Yarwood J, Van Damme P. Overcoming barriers in HPV vaccination and screening programs. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 4:45-53. [PMID: 29179869 PMCID: PMC7268103 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Human Papillomavirus Prevention and Control Board brought together experts to discuss optimizing HPV vaccination and screening programs. Board members reviewed the safety profile of licensed HPV vaccines based on clinical and post-marketing data, reaching a consensus that current safety data is reassuring. Successful vaccination programs used well-coordinated communication campaigns, integrating (social) media to spread awareness. Communication of evidence supporting vaccine effectiveness had beneficial effects on the perception of the vaccine. However, anti-vaccination campaigns have threatened existing programs in many countries. Measurement and monitoring of HPV vaccine confidence over time could help understand the nature and scale of waning confidence, define issues and intervene appropriately using context-specific evidence-based strategies. Finally, a broad group of stakeholders, such as teachers, health care providers and the media should also be provided with accurate information and training to help support prevention efforts through enhanced understanding of the risks and benefits of vaccination. Similarly, while cervical cancer screening through population-based programs is highly effective, barriers to screening exist: awareness in countries with population-based screening programs, access for vulnerable populations, and access and affordability in low- and middle-income countries. Integration of primary and secondary prevention has the potential to accelerate the decrease in cervical cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Vorsters
- Centre for Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Marc Arbyn
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Baay
- P95, Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance Consulting and Services, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Bosch
- Cancer Research Epidemiology Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia de Sanjosé
- Cancer Research Epidemiology Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sharon Hanley
- Department of Women's Health Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emilie Karafillakis
- Vaccine Confidence Project, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Pier Luigi Lopalco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Joanne Yarwood
- Immunisation, Hepatitis & Blood Safety Department, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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14
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Larsen MB, Svanholm H, Andersen B. An adverse event in a well-established cervical cancer screening program: an observational study of 19,000 females unsubscribed to the program. J Healthc Leadersh 2016; 8:61-69. [PMID: 29355205 PMCID: PMC5741009 DOI: 10.2147/jhl.s114462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Denmark, an organized approach to cervical cancer screening has had national coverage since 1998. However, in 2013, it was discovered that 19,000 females had been unsubscribed from the Danish National Cervical Cancer Screening Program and had thus not received invitations or reminders as recommended by the health authorities. The study aims to report the essence of this adverse event and describe the outcomes of reestablishing invitations in terms of participation rates and screening results. Furthermore, patient compensations to affected females diagnosed with cervical cancer and coverage in the mass media was reported. Methods An observational study based on information from the Danish Pathology Databank, the Department of Public Health Programs, and Infomedia (a Danish database of media coverage) was carried out. Results A total of 19,106 females were affected. Of those still in the screening age, 37.7% had been tested within 3 years or 5 years despite not receiving any invitation. A total of 21.6% reconfirmed their status as unsubscribed. Of the remaining females, 55.6% were tested within a year, and 94.6% of these test results were normal. Among females aged >64 years, 12.7% accepted the offer of a final screening test. Totally, 90% of these tests were normal. Nineteen females diagnosed with cervical cancer were compensated by the Danish Patient Compensation Association with a total of €693,000, ranging from €8,900 to €239,700. Coverage of cervical cancer screening in the mass media increased from 25 items in the 3 months prior to this adverse event to 590 items in the month when it became public. Conclusion Even though more than one-third of the affected females were tested despite not receiving regular invitations to participate in the screening program, lacking invitations were ranked alongside other adverse events in the health care system if cancer diagnoses were delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Svanholm
- Department of Public Health Programmes.,Department of Pathology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
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15
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Kelly CM, Johnson IG, Morgan MZ. Oral cancer: exploring the stories in United Kingdom newspaper articles. Br Dent J 2016; 221:247-50. [PMID: 27608578 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Objective Reports suggest that patients with oral cancer delay seeking help because they are unaware of the symptoms. The majority of adults (95%) engage with news reports and 40% read newspapers. Newspaper oral cancer stories may influence awareness and health-seeking behaviour. The aim of this study was to explore how oral cancer is portrayed in UK newspaper print media.Design Qualitative content analysis of articles from ten newspapers with the widest UK print circulation. All articles using the terms 'mouth cancer' and 'oral cancer' over a three year period were retrieved. Duplicates, non-cancer and non-human articles were excluded.Results 239 articles were analysed. Common topics included 'recent research', 'survivor stories', 'health information' and 'celebrity linkage'. Articles were often emotive, featuring smoking, alcohol, sex and celebrity. Articles lacked a proper evidence base and often failed to provide accurate information about signs and symptoms, information about prevention and signposting to treatment.Conclusions Opportunities to save lives are being missed. Further work to improve social responsibility in the media and develop guidance to enhance the quality of information, health reporting and signposting to help are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Kelly
- Cardiff University, Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY
| | - I G Johnson
- Cardiff University, Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY
| | - M Z Morgan
- Cardiff University, Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY
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16
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Ward PR, Coffey C, Meyer S. Trust, choice and obligation: a qualitative study of enablers of colorectal cancer screening in South Australia. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2015; 37:988-1006. [PMID: 25912247 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the second highest cancer prevalence and mortality rates in Australia. The Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) aims to increase early detection of CRC by offering free faecal occult blood testing. The NBCSP aims to offer choice to consumers about whether or not to participate in screening. This article presents data on trust, choice and perceived obligation to participate in the NBCSP by population groups with low uptake. A qualitative study was undertaken in South Australia. We interviewed 94 people from four culturally distinct groups: Greek, Iranian, Anglo-Australian and Indigenous peoples. This article demonstrates the complexity of factors shaping the choice, or lack thereof, to participate in the NBCSP. Informed choice is based on adequate knowledge, although this varied among our participants, highlighting the need for more health education in appropriate languages. An obligation to participate was found in the Iranian and Anglo-Australian groups and resulted from an established personal relationship with the doctor, a sense of duty, the acknowledgement of government investment and appreciation. Overall, this article makes a link between trust, choice and obligation, adding to literature on the sociology of trust and medical screening and highlighting important issues in the need of a policy and practice to improve CRC screening rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Ward
- Discipline of Public Health, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Cushla Coffey
- Discipline of Public Health, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Samantha Meyer
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, Waterloo University, Canada
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17
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Massat NJ, Douglas E, Waller J, Wardle J, Duffy SW. Variation in cervical and breast cancer screening coverage in England: a cross-sectional analysis to characterise districts with atypical behaviour. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007735. [PMID: 26209119 PMCID: PMC4521532 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reducing cancer screening inequalities in England is a major focus of the 2011 Department of Health cancer outcome strategy. Screening coverage requires regular monitoring in order to implement targeted interventions where coverage is low. This study aimed to characterise districts with atypical coverage levels for cervical or breast screening. DESIGN Observational study of district-level coverage in the English Cervical and Breast screening programmes in 2012. SETTING England, UK. PARTICIPANTS All English women invited to participate in the cervical (age group 25-49 and 50-64) and breast (age group 50-64) screening programmes. OUTCOMES Risk adjustment models for coverage were developed based on district-level characteristics. Funnel plots of adjusted coverage were constructed, and atypical districts examined by correlation analysis. RESULTS Variability in coverage was primarily explained by population factors, whereas general practice characteristics had little independent effect. Deprivation and ethnicity other than white, Asian, black or mixed were independently associated with poorer coverage in both screening programmes, with ethnicity having the strongest effect; by comparison, the influence of Asian, black or mixed ethnic minority was limited. Deprivation, ethnicity and urbanisation largely accounted for the lower cervical screening coverage in London. However, for breast screening, being located in London remained a strong negative predictor. A subset of districts was identified as having atypical coverage across programmes. Correlates of deprivation in districts with relatively low adjusted coverage were substantially different from overall correlates of deprivation. DISCUSSION These results inform the continuing drive to reduce avoidable cancer deaths in England, and encourage implementation of targeted interventions in communities residing in districts identified as having atypically low coverage. Sequential implementation to monitor the impact of local interventions would help accrue evidence on 'what works'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie J Massat
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Elaine Douglas
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jo Waller
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jane Wardle
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen W Duffy
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Evans DG, Barwell J, Eccles DM, Collins A, Izatt L, Jacobs C, Donaldson A, Brady AF, Cuthbert A, Harrison R, Thomas S, Howell A, Miedzybrodzka Z, Murray A. The Angelina Jolie effect: how high celebrity profile can have a major impact on provision of cancer related services. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:442. [PMID: 25510853 PMCID: PMC4303122 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is frequent for news items to lead to a short lived temporary increase in interest in a particular health related service, however it is rare for this to have a long lasting effect. In 2013, in the UK in particular, there has been unprecedented publicity in hereditary breast cancer, with Angelina Jolie’s decision to have genetic testing for the BRCA1 gene and subsequently undergo risk reducing mastectomy (RRM), and a pre-release of the NICE guidelines on familial breast cancer in January and their final release on 26th June. The release of NICE guidelines created a lot of publicity over the potential for use of chemoprevention using tamoxifen or raloxifene. However, the longest lasting news story was the release of details of film actress Angelina Jolie’s genetic test and surgery. Methods To assess the potential effects of the ‘Angelina Jolie’ effect, referral data specific to breast cancer family history was obtained from around the UK for the years 2012 and 2013. A consortium of over 30 breast cancer family history clinics that have contributed to two research studies on early breast surveillance were asked to participate as well as 10 genetics centres. Monthly referrals to each service were collated and increases from 2012 to 2013 assessed. Results Data from 12 family history clinics and 9 regional genetics services showed a rise in referrals from May 2013 onwards. Referrals were nearly 2.5 fold in June and July 2013 from 1,981 (2012) to 4,847 (2013) and remained at around two-fold to October 2013. Demand for BRCA1/2 testing almost doubled and there were also many more enquiries for risk reducing mastectomy. Internal review shows that there was no increase in inappropriate referrals. Conclusions The Angelina Jolie effect has been long lasting and global, and appears to have increased referrals to centres appropriately. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0442-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Celebrities and screening: a measurable impact on high-grade cervical neoplasia diagnosis from the 'Jade Goody effect' in the UK. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:1192-7. [PMID: 23963142 PMCID: PMC3778297 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The celebrity Jade Goody's cervical cancer diagnosis was associated with increased UK cervical screening attendance. We wanted to establish if there was an increase in high-grade (HG) cervical neoplasia diagnoses, and if so, what the characteristics of the women with HG disease were. METHODS We analysed prospective data on 3233 consecutive colposcopy referrals in North East London, UK, from 01 April 2005 to 30 June 2010. Characteristics and outcomes of pre- and post-Goody cohorts were compared. RESULTS Goody's diagnosis was associated with an increased incidence of colposcopy referrals in all subsequent annual quarters (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.3-1.9, P<0.002-P<0.0005) and increased HG disease diagnoses in the fourth quarter 2008/2009 (IRR 1.3, P=0.05) and first quarter 2009/2010 (IRR 1.3, P=0.07). We observed 1.90-fold (CI: 1.06-3.39), 2.06 (CI: 1.13-3.76) and 2.13-fold (CI: 1.07-4.25) respective increases in the odds of HG disease women being screening-naive in the first and second quarter 2009/2010, and the first quarter 2010/2011 (P<0.04, P<0.02 and P<0.04, respectively). There was a 2.23-fold increase in the odds of screening-naive HG disease women being symptomatic post-Goody's diagnosis (P=0.023). The age distributions of the pre- and post-Goody cohorts did not differ in any study group. CONCLUSION Continued publicity about celebrities' diagnoses might encourage screening in at-risk populations.
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