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Sun L, Zhang D, Qin L, Liu Q, Wang G, Shi D, Huang B. Rapid direct conversion of bovine non-adipogenic fibroblasts into adipocyte-like cells by a small-molecule cocktail. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1020965. [PMID: 36819108 PMCID: PMC9932023 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1020965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The molecular regulation mechanism of fat deposition in bovine and its improvement on beef quality are important research directions in the livestock industry. The research of molecular mechanisms that govern the regulation and differentiation of adipocytes may conduct to understand the mechanism of obesity, lipid disorders, and fat deposition. In the recent decade, small-molecule compounds have been widely used in reprogramming and transdifferentiation fields, which can promote the induction efficiency, replace exogenous genes, or even induce cell fate conversion alone. Furthermore, small-molecule compound induction is expected to be a novel approach to generate new cell types from somatic cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods: In this study, we established rapid chemically induced platform for transdifferentiation of bovine ear fibroblasts into adipocyte-like cells using a small-molecule cocktail (Repsox, VPA, TTNPB). The chemically induced adipocytes (CiADCs) were characterized by lipid staining, qRT-PCR and WB. Bovine natural adipocytes were used as positive control, and the expression of adipocyte-related marker genes in CiADCs were analyzed. Moreover, RNA-Seq explore the mechanism of RVB in the regulation of Bovine adipocyte transdifferentiation. Results: In this study, the chemically induced adipocytes (CiADCs) could be identified as early as day 6. The CiADCs appeared to be circular and rich of lipid droplets. The adipocyte-specific genes of LPL, PPARγ, IGF1, GPD1, C/EBPδ, ADIPOQ, PCK2, FAS, C/EBPβ, PPARGC1A, C/EBPα, and CFD were detected to be significantly upregulated in both CiADCs and natural adipocytes. Western blot analysis also confirmed the increase C/EBPα and PPARγ protein level in induced adipocytes (CiADCs-6d) treated with RVB. In addition, we also found that the signaling pathways (PPAR signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction) regulated by the DEGs played a vital role in adipogenesis. Discussion: In the present study, a combination of small-molecule compounds RVB was used to transdifferentiate bovine ear fibroblasts into the chemically-induced adipocyte cells (CiADCs) that have a large number of lipid droplets. Importantly, the small-molecule cocktail significantly shortened the reprogramming turnaround time. The morphology of CiADCs is close to the "ring type" of natural differentiated adipocytes on sixth day. And, the CiADCs showed similar adipocyte-specific gene expression patterns to natural adipocytes. Furthermore, RVB increased protein expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα in the chemically-induced adipocytes (CiADCs-6d). Our findings reveal that the signaling pathways of C/EBPα and PPARγ play pivotal roles in this transdifferentiation process. In addition, we also found that the signaling pathways (PPAR signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction) regulated by the DEGs played a vital role in adipogenesis. In general, this study provides valuable evidence to deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanism of small molecule cocktails in regulating adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China,Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liangshan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Quanhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China,*Correspondence: Deshun Shi, ; Ben Huang,
| | - Ben Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China,Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China,*Correspondence: Deshun Shi, ; Ben Huang,
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2
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Yuen JSK, Stout AJ, Kawecki NS, Letcher SM, Theodossiou SK, Cohen JM, Barrick BM, Saad MK, Rubio NR, Pietropinto JA, DiCindio H, Zhang SW, Rowat AC, Kaplan DL. Perspectives on scaling production of adipose tissue for food applications. Biomaterials 2022; 280:121273. [PMID: 34933254 PMCID: PMC8725203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With rising global demand for food proteins and significant environmental impact associated with conventional animal agriculture, it is important to develop sustainable alternatives to supplement existing meat production. Since fat is an important contributor to meat flavor, recapitulating this component in meat alternatives such as plant based and cell cultured meats is important. Here, we discuss the topic of cell cultured or tissue engineered fat, growing adipocytes in vitro that could imbue meat alternatives with the complex flavor and aromas of animal meat. We outline potential paths for the large scale production of in vitro cultured fat, including adipogenic precursors during cell proliferation, methods to adipogenically differentiate cells at scale, as well as strategies for converting differentiated adipocytes into 3D cultured fat tissues. We showcase the maturation of knowledge and technology behind cell sourcing and scaled proliferation, while also highlighting that adipogenic differentiation and 3D adipose tissue formation at scale need further research. We also provide some potential solutions for achieving adipose cell differentiation and tissue formation at scale based on contemporary research and the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S K Yuen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Andrew J Stout
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - N Stephanie Kawecki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sophia M Letcher
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sophia K Theodossiou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Julian M Cohen
- W. M. Keck Science Department, Pitzer College, 925 N Mills Ave, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Brigid M Barrick
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Michael K Saad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Natalie R Rubio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jaymie A Pietropinto
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Hailey DiCindio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sabrina W Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Amy C Rowat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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3
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Xu Y, Jiang Y, Jia B, Wang Y, Li T. Icariin stimulates osteogenesis and suppresses adipogenesis of human bone mesenchymal stem cells via miR-23a-mediated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153485. [PMID: 33743412 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Icariin (ICA) is a bioactive compound isolated from epimedium-derived flavonoids that modulates bone mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis and adipogenesis. However, its precise mechanism in this process is unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of ICA on human bone mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) osteogenesis and adipogenesis by focusing on miR-23a mediated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS After ICA treatment, hBMSC osteogenesis and adipogenesis were evaluated using alkaline phosphatase staining, an alkaline phosphatase activity assay, Oil Red O staining, and cellular triglyceride levels. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of osteogenic and adipogenic markers as well as key factors of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Lithium chloride, an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, was used as a positive control. Finally, to investigate the role of miR-23a in ICA-induced activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, hBMSCs were transfected with miR-23a mimics or a miR-23a inhibitor. RESULTS ICA significantly promoted hBMSC osteogenic differentiation by upregulating alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of bone sialoprotein II (BSPII) and runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2). In contrast, ICA inhibited hBMSC adipogenic differentiation by reducing lipid droplet formation and cellular triglyceride levels as well as by downregulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α). ICA mediated its effects on hBMSCs by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It did so by upregulating β-catenin, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), and T cell factor 1 (TCF1). Notably, the up-regulation of these proteins was blocked by Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1). Critically, the effects of ICA on hBMSCs were similar to that of the positive control, lithium chloride. Notably, ICA-induced activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was significantly attenuated following miR-23a up-regulation. Conversely, miR-23a downregulation affected hBMSCs in the same manner as ICA; i.e., it activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION ICA promotes and inhibits, respectively, hBMSC osteogenesis and adipogenesis via miR-23a-mediated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxing Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Yingzhen Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
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4
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Wang L, Shan T. Factors inducing transdifferentiation of myoblasts into adipocytes. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2276-2289. [PMID: 32989814 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle is observed in several myopathies, is associated with muscular dysfunction, and is strongly correlated with insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, and aging. In animal production, skeletal muscle fat (also known as intermuscular and intramuscular fat) is positively related to meat quality including tenderness, flavor, and juiciness. Thus, understanding the cell origin and regulation mechanism of skeletal muscle fat infiltration is important for developing therapies against human myopathies as well as for improving meat quality. Notably, age, sarcopenia, oxidative stress, injury, and regeneration can activate adipogenic differentiation potential in myoblasts and affect fat accumulation in skeletal muscle. In addition, several transcriptional and nutritional factors can directly induce transdifferentiation of myoblasts into adipocytes. In this review, we focused on the recent progress in understanding the muscle-to-adipocyte differentiation and summarized and discussed the genetic, nutritional, and physiological factors that can induce transdifferentiation of myoblasts into adipocytes. Moreover, the regulatory roles and mechanisms of these factors during the transdifferentiation process were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Ge L, Kang J, Dong X, Luan D, Su G, Li G, Zhang Y, Quan F. Myostatin site-directed mutation and simultaneous PPARγ site-directed knockin in bovine genome. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2592-2605. [PMID: 32841375 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most studies on the acquisition of advantageous traits in transgenic animals only focus on monogenic traits. In practical applications, transgenic animals need to possess multiple advantages. Therefore, multiple genes need to be edited simultaneously. CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been widely used in many research fields. However, few studies on endogenous gene mutation and simultaneous exogenous gene insertion performed via CRISPR/Cas9 technology are available. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to achieve myostatin (MSTN) point mutation and simultaneous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) site-directed knockin in the bovine genome. The feasibility of this gene editing strategy was verified on a myoblast model. The same gene editing strategy was used to construct a mutant myoblast model with MSTN mutation and simultaneous PPARγ knockin. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot analyses were used to detect the expression levels of MSTN and PPARγ in the mutant myoblast. Results showed that this strategy can inhibit the expression of MSTN and promote the expression of PPARγ. The cell counting kit-8 cell proliferation analysis, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine cell proliferation analysis, myotube fusion index statistics, oil red O staining, and triglyceride content detection revealed that the proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and adipogenic transdifferentiation abilities of the mutant myoblasts were higher than those of the wild myoblasts. Finally, transgenic bovine embryos were obtained via somatic cell nuclear transfer. This study provides a breeding material and technical strategy to breed high-quality bovine and a gene editing method to realize the mutation of endogenous genes and simultaneous insertion of exogenous genes in genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxing Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangchen Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Deji Luan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanghua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (R2BGL), Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (R2BGL), Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fusheng Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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6
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Lindner A, Marbach F, Tschernitz S, Ortner C, Berneburg M, Felthaus O, Prantl L, Kye MJ, Rappl G, Altmüller J, Thiele H, Schreml S, Schreml J. Calcyphosine-like (CAPSL) is regulated in Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis and is involved in Adipogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8444. [PMID: 31186450 PMCID: PMC6559987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known on the causes and pathogenesis of the adipose tissue disorder (familial) Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (MSL). In a four-generation MSL-family, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in 3 affected individuals and 1 obligate carrier and identified Calcyphosine-like (CAPSL) as the most promising candidate gene for this family. Screening of 21 independent patients excluded CAPSL coding sequence variants as a common monogenic cause, but using immunohistochemistry we found that CAPSL was down-regulated in adipose tissue not only from the index patient but also in 10 independent sporadic MSL-patients. This suggests that CAPSL is regulated in sporadic MSL irrespective of the underlying genetic/multifactorial cause. Furthermore, we cultivated pre-adipocytes from MSL-patients and generated 3T3-L1-based Capsl knockout and overexpressing cell models showing altered autophagy, adipogenesis, lipogenesis and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression. CAPSL seems to be involved in adipocyte biology and perturbation of autophagy is a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of MSL. Downregulation of CAPSL and upregulation of UCP1 were common features in MSL fat while the known MSL genes MFN2 and LIPE did not show consistent alterations. CAPSL immunostainings could serve as first diagnostic tools in MSL clinical care with a potential to improve time to diagnosis and healthcare options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Lindner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Marbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Tschernitz
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christine Ortner
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Felthaus
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Min Jeong Kye
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gunter Rappl
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Julia Schreml
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Chen J, Wang C, Kuang S. Transdifferentiation of Muscle Satellite Cells to Adipose Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeting of MyoD. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1889:25-41. [PMID: 30367407 PMCID: PMC7092730 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8897-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes dissipate energy through non-shivering thermogenesis mediated by UCP1 protein, hence representing a powerful target to overcome obesity due to energy surplus. However, brown adipocytes are scarce in adult humans, especially in obese subjects, urging the development of novel strategies to boost the number of these thermogenic adipocytes from a therapeutical perspective. In this regard, transdifferentiation of myoblasts into brown adipocytes represents a promising approach. Here, we describe a method that we have recently developed to transdifferentiate myoblasts into brown adipocytes through CRISPR/Cas9-medidated targeting of MyoD, the master myogenic regulatory factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjuan Chen
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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8
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Guan ZY, Chen LY, Li XL, Cui YR, Liu RH. Molecular mechanism of quercitrin on osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal stem cells (rBMSCs). CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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9
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Wuertz BR, Darrah L, Wudel J, Ondrey FG. Thiazolidinediones abrogate cervical cancer growth. Exp Cell Res 2017; 353:63-71. [PMID: 28219679 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) is activated by thiazolidinedione drugs (TZDs) and can promote anti-cancer properties. We used three TZDs (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and ciglitazone) to target cervical cancer cell lines and a nude mouse animal model. Each agent increased activation of PPAR γ, as judged by a luciferase reporter gene assay in three HPV-associated cell lines (CaSki, SiHa, and HeLa cells) while decreasing cellular proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. They also promoted Oil Red O accumulation in treated cell lines and upregulated the lipid differentiation marker adipsin. Interestingly, xenograft HeLa tumors in nude mice treated with 100mg/kg/day pioglitazone exhibited decreased growth compared to control mice or mice treated with standard cervical chemotherapy. In conclusion, TZDs slow tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo with decreases in cell proliferation and increases in PPAR γ and adipsin. These agents may be interesting treatments or treatment adjuncts for HPV-associated cancers or perhaps even precancerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly R Wuertz
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Lindsay Darrah
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Justin Wudel
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Frank G Ondrey
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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10
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Ectopical expression of FABP4 gene can induce bovine muscle-derived stem cells adipogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:352-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Deng B, Zhang F, Chen K, Wen J, Huang H, Liu W, Ye S, Wang L, Yang Y, Gong P, Jiang S. MyoD promotes porcine PPARγ gene expression through an E-box and a MyoD-binding site in the PPARγ promoter region. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:381-91. [PMID: 26944559 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a key transcription factor in adipogenesis and can be regulated by adipogenesis-related factors. However, little information is available regarding its regulation by myogenic factors. In this study, we found that over-expression of MyoD enhanced porcine adipocyte differentiation and up-regulated PPARγ expression, whereas small interfering RNA against MyoD significantly attenuated porcine adipocyte differentiation and inhibited PPARγ expression. The MyoD-binding sites in the PPARγ promoter region at -412 to -396 and -155 to -150 were identified by promoter deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation further showed that these two regions are MyoD-binding sites, both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that MyoD directly interacts with the porcine PPARγ promoter. Thus, our results demonstrate that an Enhancer box and a binding site for a cooperative co-activator of MyoD are present in the promoter region of porcine PPARγ; furthermore, MyoD up-regulates PPARγ expression and promotes porcine adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Wen
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Haijun Huang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wu Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Ye
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Ping Gong
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China.
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12
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Zhang F, Deng B, Wen J, Chen K, Liu W, Ye S, Huang H, Jiang S, Xiong Y. PPARγ and MyoD are differentially regulated by myostatin in adipose-derived stem cells and muscle satellite cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:375-80. [PMID: 25646693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a secreted protein belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family that is primarily expressed in skeletal muscle and also functions in adipocyte maturation. Studies have shown that MSTN can inhibit adipogenesis in muscle satellite cells (MSCs) but not in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). However, the mechanism by which MSTN differently regulates adipogenesis in these two cell types remains unknown. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD) are two key transcription factors in fat and muscle cell development that influence adipogenesis. To investigate whether MSTN differentially regulates PPARγ and MyoD, we analyzed PPARγ and MyoD expression by assessing mRNA, protein and methylation levels in ADSCs and MSCs after treatment with 100 ng/mL MSTN for 0, 24, and 48 h. PPARγ mRNA levels were downregulated after 24 h and upregulated after 48 h of treatment in ADSCs, whereas in MSCs, PPARγ levels were downregulated at both time points. MyoD expression was significantly increased in ADSCs and decreased in MSCs. PPARγ and MyoD protein levels were upregulated in ADSCs and downregulated in MSCs. The CpG methylation levels of the PPARγ and MyoD promoters were decreased in ADSCs and increased in MSCs. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the different regulatory adipogenic roles of MSTN in ADSCs and MSCs act by differentially regulating PPARγ and MyoD expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Bing Deng
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China
| | - Jianghui Wen
- Wu Han University of Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Wu Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China
| | - Shengqiang Ye
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China
| | - Haijun Huang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Yuanzhu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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13
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Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been the focus of intense research because ligands for this receptor have emerged as potent insulin sensitizers used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. There have been described three PPAR isotypes α, δ and γ which have an integrated role in controlling the expression of genes playing key roles in the storage and mobilization of lipids, in glucose metabolism, in morphogenesis and inflammatory response. Recent advances include the discovery of novel genes that are regulated by PPARγ, which helps to explain how activation of this adipocyte predominant transcription factor regulates glucose and lipid homeostasis. Increased levels of circulating free fatty acids and lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissue have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance. This situation is improved by PPARγ ligands, which promotes fatty acid storage in fat deposits and regulates the expression of adipocyte-secreted hormones that impacts on glucose homeostasis. So the net result of the pleiotropic effects of PPARγ ligands is improvement of insulin sensitivity. This review highlights the roles that PPAR gamma play in the regulation of gene expression of multiple diseases including obesity, diabetes and cancer and highlights the gene isolation transformation role. Further studies are needed for the transformation of PPAR gamma gene in plants and evaluate in animals for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Janani
- Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, India
| | - B D Ranjitha Kumari
- Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, India.
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14
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Tomaru Y, Hasegawa R, Suzuki T, Sato T, Kubosaki A, Suzuki M, Kawaji H, Forrest ARR, Hayashizaki Y, Shin JW, Suzuki H. A transient disruption of fibroblastic transcriptional regulatory network facilitates trans-differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:8905-13. [PMID: 25013174 PMCID: PMC4132712 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional Regulatory Networks (TRNs) coordinate multiple transcription factors (TFs) in concert to maintain tissue homeostasis and cellular function. The re-establishment of target cell TRNs has been previously implicated in direct trans-differentiation studies where the newly introduced TFs switch on a set of key regulatory factors to induce de novo expression and function. However, the extent to which TRNs in starting cell types, such as dermal fibroblasts, protect cells from undergoing cellular reprogramming remains largely unexplored. In order to identify TFs specific to maintaining the fibroblast state, we performed systematic knockdown of 18 fibroblast-enriched TFs and analyzed differential mRNA expression against the same 18 genes, building a Matrix-RNAi. The resulting expression matrix revealed seven highly interconnected TFs. Interestingly, suppressing four out of seven TFs generated lipid droplets and induced PPARG and CEBPA expression in the presence of adipocyte-inducing medium only, while negative control knockdown cells maintained fibroblastic character in the same induction regime. Global gene expression analyses further revealed that the knockdown-induced adipocytes expressed genes associated with lipid metabolism and significantly suppressed fibroblast genes. Overall, this study reveals the critical role of the TRN in protecting cells against aberrant reprogramming, and demonstrates the vulnerability of donor cell's TRNs, offering a novel strategy to induce transgene-free trans-differentiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tomaru
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryota Hasegawa
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan Division of Genomic Information Resources, International Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taiji Sato
- Discovery Pharmacology Department 1, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Atsutaka Kubosaki
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masanori Suzuki
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan Division of Genomic Information Resources, International Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovative Program, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Alistair R R Forrest
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovative Program, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jay W Shin
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Harukazu Suzuki
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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15
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Glucocorticoid paradoxically recruits adipose progenitors and impairs lipid homeostasis and glucose transport in mature adipocytes. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2573. [PMID: 23999235 PMCID: PMC3759838 DOI: 10.1038/srep02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic treatment with glucocorticoids increases the mass of adipose tissue and promotes metabolic syndrome. However little is known about the molecular effects of dexamethasone on adipose biology. Here, we demonstrated that dexamethasone induces progenitor cells to undergo adipogenesis. In the adipogenic pathway, at least two cell types are found: cells with the susceptibility to undergo staurosporine-induced adipose conversion and cells that require both staurosporine and dexamethasone to undergo adipogenesis. Dexamethasone increased and accelerated the expression of main adipogenic genes such as pparg2, cebpa and srebf1c. Also, dexamethasone altered the phosphorylation pattern of C/EBPβ, which is an important transcription factor during adipogenesis. Dexamethasone also had effect on mature adipocytes mature adipocytes causing the downregulation of some lipogenic genes, promoted a lipolysis state, and decreased the uptake of glucose. These paradoxical effects appear to explain the complexity of the action of glucocorticoids, which involves the hyperplasia of adipose cells and insulin resistance.
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16
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Yazawa M, Mori T, Nakayama Y, Kishi K. Basic study of soft tissue augmentation by adipose-inductive biomaterial. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:92-6. [PMID: 24764287 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Reconstructive surgery for tumor resection, trauma, and congenital anomaly involves volume augmentation with autologous tissue transfer. However, a healthy region is damaged as a donor site, and the autologous tissue is transferred like a patchwork to the recipient site. We have attempted to induce adipogenesis activity in artificial biomaterial that is injectable with an injection needle for soft tissue augmentation. First of all, the optimal dose of pioglitazone hydrochloride was examined with adipo-precursor cells in terms of the proliferator-activated receptor-γ mRNA expression levels affected by reagent in vitro. Then, salmon collagen with pioglitazone was adjusted in terms of the dose and the salmon collagen was injected into mouse back using an injection needle in vivo. At 4 weeks after implantation, the pioglitazone collagen gel was substituted by mature adipocytes in comparison with the case for control collagen gel without pioglitazone. These results are indicative of the possibility of promoting adipogenesis using collagen with pioglitazone as an adipose-inductive substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yazawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Jeong JY, Kim JS, Nguyen TH, Lee HJ, Baik M. Wnt/β-catenin signaling and adipogenic genes are associated with intramuscular fat content in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Korean cattle. Anim Genet 2013; 44:627-35. [PMID: 23742632 DOI: 10.1111/age.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important trait that influences beef quality. In two studies, we examined the possible involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in IMF deposition in Korean cattle. In study 1, using a group of bulls and steers, we found that castration, a non-genetic factor, decreased (P < 0.01) the expression of both the WNT10B and CTNNB1 genes, whereas it increased the expression of the Wnt antagonist secreted frizzled-related proteins 4 (SFRP4, P < 0.001) and the adipogenic CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EPB), alpha (CEBPA, P < 0.001) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG, P < 0.05) genes in longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) tissue. The WNT10B and CTNNB1 mRNA levels showed strong (P < 0.001) negative correlations (r = -0.68 and r = -0.73 respectively) with the IMF content, whereas the SFRP4, CEBPA and PPARG mRNA levels showed strong (P < 0.01) positive correlations (r = 0.70, 0.70 and 0.64 respectively) with the IMF content. Large variation still exists in the IMF content of steers, implying that genetic factors affect IMF deposition. Using a different group of steers, a correlation analysis in study 2 also showed that the expression of the WNT10B and CTNNB1 genes, and SFRP4 and adipogenic genes was negatively and positively associated with the IMF content respectively. Our findings suggest that downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway genes, but upregulation of Wnt antagonist SFRP4 and adipogenic gene expression following castration, contributes to increased IMF deposition in the LM. Our results demonstrate that both non-genetic factors (castration) and genetic variation within the steer group affect the gene expression pattern of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jeong
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal science, Rural Development Administration, #564 Omockchun-dong, Suwon, 441-706, Republic of Korea
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18
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Sheng H, Rui XF, Sheng CJ, Li WJ, Cheng XY, Jhummon NP, Yu YC, Qu S, Zhang G, Qin L. A novel semisynthetic molecule icaritin stimulates osteogenic differentiation and inhibits adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:782-9. [PMID: 23630444 PMCID: PMC3638303 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that the constitutional flavonoid glycosides derived from herb Epimedium (EF, composed of seven flavonoid compounds with common nuclear stem) exerted beneficial effects on the bone, including promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone marrow fat deposition. Recent in vivo study showed that Icaritin was a common metabolite of these constitutional flavonoid glycosides, indicating that Icaritin is a bioactive compound. The present study was designed to investigate whether Icaritin could promote osteogenic differentiation and suppress adipogenic differentiation of marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS Primary MSCs were harvested from adult mice and exposed to Icaritin to evaluate whether it could promote osteogenesis and suppress adipogenesis using the following assays: determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization; mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation marker Runx2; osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein (BSP) by RT-PCR; quantification of adipocyte-like cells by Oil Red O staining assay and mRNA expression for adipogenic differentiation markers peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ); adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) by RT-PCR. For the underlying mechanism, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3β) and β-catenin were also explored by western blotting. RESULTS Icaritin promoted osteogenic differentiation and maturation of MSCs as indicated by increased mRNA expression for Runx2, osteocalcin and BSP, and enhanced ALP activity and mineralization; Icaritin inhibited adipogenic differentiation, as indicated by decreased mRNA expression for PPARγ, LPL, aP2, and suppressed formation of adipocyte-like cells; Icaritin inactivated GSK3β and suppressed PPARγ expression when promoting osteogenesis and suppressing adipogenesis of MSCs. CONCLUSION This was the first study demonstrating that the novel semisynthetic molecule Icaritin could stimulate osteogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogenesis of MSCs, which was associated with the suppression of GSK3β and PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Deng B, Wen J, Ding Y, Peng J, Jiang S. Different regulation role of myostatin in differentiating pig ADSCs and MSCs into adipocytes. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 30:145-50. [PMID: 22081442 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myostation (MSTN), which is primarily expressed in muscle, plays an important role in myogenic and adipogenic cells. However, there is little information about whether MSTN displays different roles between adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and muscle satellite cells (MSCs). The two kinds of cells can both exist in the muscle and differentiate into adiposities. In this research, we isolated ADSCs and MSCs from porcine fat tissues and semitendinosus muscle, respectively, to investigate the effect of MSTN on the adipogenesis of those cells. ADSCs and MSCs were treated with recombinant human MSTN during the induction of adipogenesis or before the induction of differentiation. Then, we evaluated adipogenesis by Oil Red O staining and assessed the expression patterns of adipocyte-specific fatty acid binding protein (aP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ using real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. Our results indicated that the treatment with MSTN before or during the induction of differentiation in MSCs could both inhibit the adipogenesis. However, the treatment with MSTN only during the induction of differentiation in ADSCs could suppress the adipogenesis. Those results showed that MSTN had different roles in the adipogenesis of ADSCs and MSCs. It can shed new light on the origin of adipocyte located in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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20
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Casteilla L, Cousin B, Carmona M. PPARs and Adipose Cell Plasticity. PPAR Res 2011; 2007:68202. [PMID: 17710234 PMCID: PMC1939923 DOI: 10.1155/2007/68202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the importance of fat tissues in both energy balance and in the associated disorders arising when such balance is not maintained, adipocyte differentiation has been extensively investigated in order to control and inhibit the enlargement of white adipose tissue. The ability of a cell to undergo adipocyte differentiation is one particular feature of all mesenchymal cells. Up until now, the peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes appear to be the keys and essential players capable of inducing and controlling adipocyte differentiation. In addition, it is now accepted that adipose cells present a broad plasticity that allows them to differentiate towards various mesodermal phenotypes. The role of PPARs in such plasticity is reviewed here, although no definite conclusion can yet be drawn. Many questions thus remain open concerning the definition of preadipocytes and the relative importance of PPARs in comparison to other master factors involved in the other mesodermal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Casteilla
- IFR 31, Institut Louis Bugnard, CNRS/UPS UMR 5241, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- *Louis Casteilla:
| | - Béatrice Cousin
- IFR 31, Institut Louis Bugnard, CNRS/UPS UMR 5241, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Mamen Carmona
- Laboratorio de Diabetes y Obesidad Experimentales, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Liu S, Wang Y, Wang L, Wang N, Li Y, Li H. Transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into adipocyte-like cells by chicken adipogenic transcription factors. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 156:502-8. [PMID: 20398782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation is a complex process that is regulated mainly by a cascade of transcription factors. Among these, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) have been identified as key regulators of adipocyte differentiation. In mammals, ectopic expression of adipogenic transcription factors C/EBPalpha, PPARgamma and SREBP-1 can induce transdifferentiation of a variety of different cell types into adipocyte-like cells. However, in birds, whether C/EBPalpha, PPARgamma and SREBP-1 can induce transdifferentiation is unknown. The current study was designed to investigate whether chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) can be induced to transdifferentiate into adipocyte-like cells by the ectopic expression of chicken C/EBPalpha, PPARgamma and SREBP-1 via retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. The results showed that any one of these three adipogenic transcription factors was sufficient to trigger the adipogenic program in CEFs, as demonstrated by accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets and expression of the adipocyte marker gene (adipocyte fatty acid binding protein, A-FABP). This suggests that C/EBPalpha, PPARgamma and SREBP-1 play a crucial role in chicken adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
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22
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Liu S, Wang L, Wang N, Wang Y, Shi H, Li H. Oleate induces transdifferentiation of chicken fibroblasts into adipocyte-like cells. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 154:135-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Yun JH, Bong JJ, Myung K, Baik M. Correlations between carcass traits and mRNA levels of CGI-105 and CCAAT/enhancer protein α genes in steers of Korean cattle. Livest Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rhoads RP, Fernyhough ME, Liu X, McFarland DC, Velleman SG, Hausman GJ, Dodson MV. Extrinsic regulation of domestic animal-derived myogenic satellite cells II. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2009; 36:111-26. [PMID: 19261429 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The existence of myogenic satellite cells was reported some 47 years ago, and, since that time, satellite cell research has flourished. So much new information is generated (daily) on these cells that it can be difficult for individuals to keep abreast of important issues related to their activation and proliferation, the modulation of the activity of other cell types, the differentiation of the cells to facilitate normal skeletal muscle growth and development, or to the repair of damaged myofibers. The intent of this review is to summarize new information about the extrinsic regulation of myogenic satellite cells and to provide specific mechanisms involved in altering satellite cell physiology. Where possible, examples from agriculturally important animals are used for illustrative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Rhoads
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
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25
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Pirih FQ, Abayahoudian R, Elashoff D, Parhami F, Nervina JM, Tetradis S. Nuclear receptor profile in calvarial bone cells undergoing osteogenic versus adipogenic differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2008; 105:1316-26. [PMID: 18810760 PMCID: PMC5391254 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are key regulators of cell function and differentiation. We examined NR expression during osteogenic versus adipogenic differentiation of primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts (MOBs). MOBs were cultured for 21 days in osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation media. von Kossa and Oil Red O staining, and qRT-PCR of marker genes and 49 NRs were performed. PCR amplicons were subcloned to establish correct sequences and absolute standard curves. Forty-three NRs were detected at days 0-21. Uncentered average linkage hierarchical clustering identified four expression clusters: NRs (1) upregulated during osteogenic, but not adipogenic, differentiation, (2) upregulated in both conditions, with greater upregulation during adipogenic differentiation, (3) upregulated equally in both conditions, (4) downregulated during adipogenic, but not osteogenic, differentiation. One-way ANOVA with contrast revealed 20 NRs upregulated during osteogenic differentiation and 12 NRs upregulated during adipogenic differentiation. Two-way ANOVA demonstrated that 18 NRs were higher in osteogenic media, while 9 NRs were higher in adipogenic media. The time effect revealed 16 upregulated NRs. The interaction of condition with time revealed 6 NRs with higher expression rate during adipogenic differentiation and 3 NRs with higher expression rate during osteogenic differentiation. Relative NR abundance at days 0 and 21 were ranked. Basal ranking changed at least 5 positions for 13 NRs in osteogenic media and 9 NRs in adipogenic media. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation significantly altered NR expression in MOBs. These differences offer a fingerprint of cellular commitment and may provide clues to the underlying mechanisms of osteogenic versus adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Q. Pirih
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Rosette Abayahoudian
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Biostatistics/Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Farhad Parhami
- Department of Cardiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
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BAN A, YAMANOUCHI K, MATSUWAKI T, NISHIHARA M. In Vivo Gene Transfer of PPAR.GAMMA. Is Insulfficient to Induce Adipogenesis in Skeletal Muscle. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:761-7. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako BAN
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Keitaro YAMANOUCHI
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Takashi MATSUWAKI
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masugi NISHIHARA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Yamanouchi K, Yada E, Ishiguro N, Nishihara M. 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid induces phenotypic changes of skeletal muscle cells to enter adipogenesis. Cell Physiol Biochem 2007; 20:781-90. [PMID: 17982260 DOI: 10.1159/000110438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of connexins is implicated in proliferation and differentiation of cells. In skeletal muscle cells, connexin43 (Cx43) has been identified as the major connexin, and gap-junctional communication mediated by connexins has been shown to be required for their myogenic differentiation. In addition, inhibition of connexin function has been shown to induce transdifferentiation of osteoblasts to an adipocytic phenotype. In the present study, we examined whether the inhibition of connexin function could induce phenotypic changes in skeletal muscle cells. Treatment of skeletal muscle cells with an inhibitor of connexin function, 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid (AGRA), resulted in a reduction in the number of MyoD-positive cells and complete inhibition of myotube formation, concomitantly with an increase in the number of C/EBPalpha-positive cells. AGRA-treated cells cultured in adipogenic differentiation medium could give rise to mature adipocytes that express both PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha. The presence of AGRA during adipogenic differentiation did not inhibit adipogenesis of skeletal muscle cells. AGRA treatment did not affect Cx43 expression in skeletal muscle cells but reduced its phosphorylation. These results indicate that inhibition of connexin function induces phenotypic changes of skeletal muscle cells to enter adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Yamanouchi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan.
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