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Watanabe Y, Iwata K, Minabe S, Nakao N, Ishii H, Ozawa H. Central injection of neuropeptide B induces luteinizing hormone release in male and female rats. Peptides 2023; 168:171064. [PMID: 37507090 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide B (NPB) has been identified as an endogenous peptide ligand for the orphan receptor NPBWR1. However, the effect of NPB on the central regulatory mechanisms of reproductive functions remains unclear. Our findings indicated the presence of Npb, Npw (which is another ligand for NPBWR1), and Npbwr1 mRNA in the hypothalamus of male and female rats at each stage of the estrous cycle. Npb mRNA expression was found to be significantly higher in diestrus compared to estrus. The expression of Npw mRNA was one order of magnitude lower than that of Npb mRNA, and Npw mRNA expression in diestrus was significantly higher than that in the other stages of the estrous cycle. Furthermore, Npbwr1 mRNA expression was found to be significantly higher in diestrus compared to the other stages of the estrous cycle and intact males. Notably, estrogen did not alter the expression of Npb, Npw, and Npbwr1 mRNAs in the hypothalamus of females. Central injection of NPB increased plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in both intact males and estrogen-primed ovariectomized females but not in ovariectomized females. These results suggest that NPB-NPBWR1 signaling would be a facilitatory regulatory mechanism in the reproductive function of male and female rats. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report to describe the central role of NPB-NPBWR1 signaling in LH regulation in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kinuyo Iwata
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Minabe
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakao
- Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ishii
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Health Science, Bukkyo University, Kyoto, Japan
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Wojciechowicz T, Billert M, Jasaszwili M, Strowski MZ, Nowak KW, Skrzypski M. The Role of Neuropeptide B and Its Receptors in Controlling Appetite, Metabolism, and Energy Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126632. [PMID: 34205710 PMCID: PMC8234850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide B (NPB) is a peptide hormone that was initially described in 2002. In humans, the biological effects of NPB depend on the activation of two G protein-coupled receptors, NPBWR1 (GPR7) and NPBWR2 (GPR8), and, in rodents, NPBWR1. NPB and its receptors are expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral tissues. NPB is also present in the circulation. In the CNS, NPB modulates appetite, reproduction, pain, anxiety, and emotions. In the peripheral tissues, NPB controls secretion of adrenal hormones, pancreatic beta cells, and various functions of adipose tissue. Experimental downregulation of either NPB or NPBWR1 leads to adiposity. Here, we review the literature with regard to NPB-dependent control of metabolism and energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Wojciechowicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 35 Wołyńska St, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (T.W.); (M.B.); (M.J.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Maria Billert
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 35 Wołyńska St, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (T.W.); (M.B.); (M.J.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Mariami Jasaszwili
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 35 Wołyńska St, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (T.W.); (M.B.); (M.J.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Mathias Z. Strowski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Park-Klinik Weissensee, D-13086 Berlin, Germany
| | - Krzysztof W. Nowak
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 35 Wołyńska St, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (T.W.); (M.B.); (M.J.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Marek Skrzypski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 35 Wołyńska St, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (T.W.); (M.B.); (M.J.); (K.W.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Rietema SE, Blackberry MA, Maloney SK, Martin GB, Hawken PAR, Blache D. Twenty-four-hour profiles of metabolic and stress hormones in sheep selected for a calm or nervous temperament. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 53:78-87. [PMID: 26143303 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Even in the absence of stressors, temperament is associated with changes in the concentration of stress-responsive hormones and, possibly because of such changes, temperament can affect metabolism. We tested whether, in sheep bred for temperament for 14 generations, "nervous" females have greater concentrations of stress-responsive hormones in the absence of stressors than "calm" females, and whether these differences are associated with changes in the concentrations of metabolic hormones. In resting "calm" (n = 8) and "nervous" (n = 8) sheep, concentrations of cortisol, prolactin, leptin, and insulin were measured in blood plasma sampled via jugular catheter every 20 min for 24 h. The animals were individually penned, habituated to their housing and human handling over 7 wk, and fed before sampling began. Diurnal variation was evident for all hormones, but a 24-h cortisol pattern was detected in only 7 individuals. There was no effect of temperament on any aspect of concentrations of cortisol or prolactin, but "calm" animals had greater concentrations of insulin in the early afternoon than "nervous" animals (14.5 ± 1.1 vs 10.0 ± 1.6 μU/mL; P = 0.038), and a similar tendency was seen for leptin (P = 0.092). We conclude that selection for temperament affects the concentration of metabolic hormones in the absence of stressors, but this effect is independent of stress-responsive hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Rietema
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; The School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - M A Blackberry
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; The School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - S K Maloney
- The School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - G B Martin
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; The School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - P A R Hawken
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; The School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - D Blache
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; The School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
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Tachibana T, Sakamoto T. Functions of two distinct "prolactin-releasing peptides" evolved from a common ancestral gene. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:170. [PMID: 25426099 PMCID: PMC4226156 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is one of the RF-amide peptides and was originally identified in the bovine hypothalamus as a stimulator of prolactin (PRL) release. Independently, another RF-amide peptide was found in Japanese crucian carp and named Carassius-RFa (C-RFa), which shows high homology to PrRP and stimulates PRL secretion in teleost fish. Therefore, C-RFa has been recognized as fish PrRP. However, recent work has revealed that PrRP and C-RFa in non-mammalian vertebrates are encoded by separate genes originated through duplication of an ancestral gene. Indeed, both PrRP and C-RFa are suggested to exist in teleost, amphibian, reptile, and avian species. Therefore, we propose that non-mammalian PrRP (C-RFa) be renamed PrRP2. Despite a common evolutionary origin, PrRP2 appears to be a physiological regulator of PRL, whereas this is not a consistent role for PrRP itself. Further work revealed that the biological functions of PrRP and PrRP2 are not limited solely to PRL release, because they are also neuromodulators of several hypothalamus-pituitary axes and are involved in some brain circuits related to the regulation of food intake, stress, and cardiovascular functions. However, these actions appear to be different among vertebrates. For example, central injection of PrRP inhibits feeding behavior in rodents and teleosts, while it stimulates it in chicks. Therefore, both PrRP and PrRP2 have acquired diverse actions through evolution. In this review, we integrate the burgeoning information of structures, expression profiles, and multiple biological actions of PrRP in higher vertebrates, as well as those of PrRP2 in non-mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Tachibana
- Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tetsuya Tachibana, Laboratory of Animal Production, Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan e-mail:
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Ushimado, Japan
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Sakamoto K, Murata K, Wakabayashi Y, Yayou KI, Ohkura S, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y, Okamura H. Central administration of neurokinin B activates kisspeptin/NKB neurons in the arcuate nucleus and stimulates luteinizing hormone secretion in ewes during the non-breeding season. J Reprod Dev 2012; 58:700-6. [PMID: 22972185 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2011-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies have suggested that kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) play pivotal roles in the control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. However, the role of NKB in this context is less clear compared with that of kisspeptin. In the present study, we investigated the ratio of colocalization of kisspeptin and NKB in neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), the effects of intracerebroventricular infusion of NKB on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and whether the treatment activates ARC kisspeptin/NKB neurons in seasonally anestrous ewes. Double-labeling immunohistochemistry revealed that the majority of kisspeptin neurons coexpressed NKB in the ARC. Infusion of NKB for 2 h into the lateral ventricle elicited a discharge of LH, which resulted in significant increases in LH concentrations between 20 and 50 min after the start of infusion compared with a saline-infused control. Animals were sacrificed immediately after the end of infusion, and Fos expression in ARC kisspeptin neurons was immunohistochemically examined. The NKB treatment activated kisspeptin neurons throughout the ARC, and approximately 70% of kisspeptin neurons expressed Fos immunoreactivity at the caudal portion of the nucleus. The present study demonstrated that a central infusion of NKB elicited a discharge of LH, which was associated with the activation of a large population of ARC kisspeptin/NKB neurons in seasonally anestrous ewes. The results suggest that NKB plays a stimulatory role in the control of pulsatile GnRH secretion and that the population of ARC kisspeptin/NKB neurons is one of sites of the NKB action in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Mitsui S, Yamamoto M, Nagasawa M, Mogi K, Kikusui T, Ohtani N, Ohta M. Urinary oxytocin as a noninvasive biomarker of positive emotion in dogs. Horm Behav 2011; 60:239-43. [PMID: 21689655 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A reliable assay based on physiological parameters that does not require subjective input from the owners is required to assess positive emotions in dogs. In addition, when viewed from an animal welfare perspective, physiological parameters should be collected in a noninvasive manner. Oxytocin (OT) is a biomarker that may be associated with a calm, relaxed state, and positive emotion. We measured the time-lapse in the concentration of plasma OT relative to urinary OT using a radioimmunoassay with sufficient sensitivity and low variability, and examined the relationship between OT and cortisol. Six dogs were injected with exogenous OT intravenously to increase the blood OT concentration. As a result, the highest concentration of urinary OT occurred 1h after the injection, although there was little change in urinary cortisol. Moreover, to evaluate the influence of stimuli on urinary OT and cortisol, we provided three stimuli of eating food, exercising and stroking, all of which were assumed to inspire a positive emotion in dogs, and significantly increased urinary OT concentrations. Our findings indicate that urinary OT might be useful as a noninvasive and objective biomarker of positive emotion in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Mitsui
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
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KITAGAWA S, ABE N, SUTOH M, KASUYA E, SUGITA S, AOYAMA M, YAYOU KI. Effect of intracerebroventricular injections of prolactin-releasing peptide on prolactin release and stress-related responses in steers. Anim Sci J 2011; 82:314-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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