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Candelas Serra M, Kuchtiak V, Kubik-Zahorodna A, Kysilov B, Fili K, Hrcka Krausova B, Abramova V, Dobrovolski M, Harant K, Bozikova P, Cerny J, Prochazka J, Kasparek P, Sedlacek R, Balik A, Smejkalova T, Vyklicky L. Characterization of Mice Carrying a Neurodevelopmental Disease-Associated GluN2B(L825V) Variant. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2291232024. [PMID: 38926089 PMCID: PMC11293445 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2291-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), encoded by GRIN genes, are ionotropic glutamate receptors playing a critical role in synaptic transmission, plasticity, and synapse development. Genome sequence analyses have identified variants in GRIN genes in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, but the underlying disease mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we have created and evaluated a transgenic mouse line carrying a missense variant Grin2bL825V , corresponding to a de novo GRIN2B variant encoding GluN2B(L825V) found in a patient with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used HEK293T cells expressing recombinant receptors and primary hippocampal neurons prepared from heterozygous Grin2bL825V/+ (L825V/+) and wild-type (WT) Grin2b+/+ (+/+) male and female mice to assess the functional impact of the variant. Whole-cell NMDAR currents were reduced in neurons from L825V/+ compared with +/+ mice. The peak amplitude of NMDAR-mediated evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (NMDAR-eEPSCs) was unchanged, but NMDAR-eEPSCs in L825V/+ neurons had faster deactivation compared with +/+ neurons and were less sensitive to a GluN2B-selective antagonist ifenprodil. Together, these results suggest a decreased functional contribution of GluN2B subunits to synaptic NMDAR currents in hippocampal neurons from L825V/+ mice. The analysis of the GluN2B(L825V) subunit surface expression and synaptic localization revealed no differences compared with WT GluN2B. Behavioral testing of mice of both sexes demonstrated hypoactivity, anxiety, and impaired sensorimotor gating in the L825V/+ strain, particularly affecting males, as well as cognitive symptoms. The heterozygous L825V/+ mouse offers a clinically relevant model of GRIN2B-related ID/ASD, and our results suggest synaptic-level functional changes that may contribute to neurodevelopmental pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Candelas Serra
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Kuchtiak
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Kubik-Zahorodna
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec 25050, Czech Republic
| | - Bohdan Kysilov
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Klevinda Fili
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10000, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vera Abramova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10000, Czech Republic
| | - Mark Dobrovolski
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10000, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Harant
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Biocev, Vestec 25050, Czech Republic
| | - Paulina Bozikova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec 25050, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Cerny
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec 25050, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kasparek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec 25050, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec 25050, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Balik
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Smejkalova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Vyklicky
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
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2
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Preta G. Development of New Genome Editing Tools for the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia. Cells 2023; 12:2466. [PMID: 37887310 PMCID: PMC10605581 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a medical condition characterized by high levels of lipids in the blood. It is often associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. Traditional treatment approaches for hyperlipidemia involve lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and the use of medications like statins. Recent advancements in genome editing technologies, including CRISPR-Cas9, have opened up new possibilities for the treatment of this condition. This review provides a general overview of the main target genes involved in lipid metabolism and highlights the progress made during recent years towards the development of new treatments for dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Preta
- VU LSC-EMBL Partnership Institute for Genome Editing Technologies, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Science Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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3
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Phan HTL, Kim K, Lee H, Seong JK. Progress in and Prospects of Genome Editing Tools for Human Disease Model Development and Therapeutic Applications. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:483. [PMID: 36833410 PMCID: PMC9957140 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmable nucleases, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas, are widely accepted because of their diversity and enormous potential for targeted genomic modifications in eukaryotes and other animals. Moreover, rapid advances in genome editing tools have accelerated the ability to produce various genetically modified animal models for studying human diseases. Given the advances in gene editing tools, these animal models are gradually evolving toward mimicking human diseases through the introduction of human pathogenic mutations in their genome rather than the conventional gene knockout. In the present review, we summarize the current progress in and discuss the prospects for developing mouse models of human diseases and their therapeutic applications based on advances in the study of programmable nucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Thi Lam Phan
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology, BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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4
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Quansah E, Chen Y, Yang S, Wang J, Sun D, Zhao Y, Chen M, Yu L, Zhang C. CRISPR-Cas13 in malaria parasite: Diagnosis and prospective gene function identification. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1076947. [PMID: 36760507 PMCID: PMC9905151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1076947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria caused by Plasmodium is still a serious public health problem. Genomic editing is essential to understand parasite biology, elucidate mechanical pathways, uncover gene functions, identify novel therapeutic targets, and develop clinical diagnostic tools. Recent advances have seen the development of genomic diagnostic technologies and the emergence of genetic manipulation toolbox comprising a host of several systems for editing the genome of Plasmodium at the DNA, RNA, and protein level. Genomic manipulation at the RNA level is critical as it allows for the functional characterization of several transcripts. Of notice, some developed artificial RNA genome editing tools hinge on the endogenous RNA interference system of Plasmodium. However, Plasmodium lacks a robust RNAi machinery, hampering the progress of these editing tools. CRISPR-Cas13, which belongs to the VI type of the CRISPR system, can specifically bind and cut RNA under the guidance of crRNA, with no or minimal permanent genetic scar on genes. This review summarizes CRISPR-Cas13 system from its discovery, classification, principle of action, and diagnostic platforms. Further, it discusses the application prospects of Cas13-based systems in Plasmodium and highlights its advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Quansah
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yihuan Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shijie Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Danhong Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yangxi Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Li Yu, ✉
| | - Chao Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Chao Zhang, ✉
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5
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Lewis MA, Ingham NJ, Chen J, Pearson S, Di Domenico F, Rekhi S, Allen R, Drake M, Willaert A, Rook V, Pass J, Keane T, Adams DJ, Tucker AS, White JK, Steel KP. Identification and characterisation of spontaneous mutations causing deafness from a targeted knockout programme. BMC Biol 2022; 20:67. [PMID: 35296311 PMCID: PMC8928630 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mice carrying targeted mutations are important for investigating gene function and the role of genes in disease, but off-target mutagenic effects associated with the processes of generating targeted alleles, for instance using Crispr, and culturing embryonic stem cells, offer opportunities for spontaneous mutations to arise. Identifying spontaneous mutations relies on the detection of phenotypes segregating independently of targeted alleles, and having a broad estimate of the level of mutations generated by intensive breeding programmes is difficult given that many phenotypes are easy to miss if not specifically looked for. Here we present data from a large, targeted knockout programme in which mice were analysed through a phenotyping pipeline. Such spontaneous mutations segregating within mutant lines may confound phenotypic analyses, highlighting the importance of record-keeping and maintaining correct pedigrees. Results Twenty-five lines out of 1311 displayed different deafness phenotypes that did not segregate with the targeted allele. We observed a variety of phenotypes by Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) and behavioural assessment and isolated eight lines showing early-onset severe progressive hearing loss, later-onset progressive hearing loss, low frequency hearing loss, or complete deafness, with vestibular dysfunction. The causative mutations identified include deletions, insertions, and point mutations, some of which involve new genes not previously associated with deafness while others are new alleles of genes known to underlie hearing loss. Two of the latter show a phenotype much reduced in severity compared to other mutant alleles of the same gene. We investigated the ES cells from which these lines were derived and determined that only one of the 8 mutations could have arisen in the ES cell, and in that case, only after targeting. Instead, most of the non-segregating mutations appear to have occurred during breeding of mutant mice. In one case, the mutation arose within the wildtype colony used for expanding mutant lines. Conclusions Our data show that spontaneous mutations with observable effects on phenotype are a common side effect of intensive breeding programmes, including those underlying targeted mutation programmes. Such spontaneous mutations segregating within mutant lines may confound phenotypic analyses, highlighting the importance of record-keeping and maintaining correct pedigrees. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01257-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag A Lewis
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, England. .,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, England.
| | - Neil J Ingham
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, England.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, England
| | - Jing Chen
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, England.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, England
| | | | - Francesca Di Domenico
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, England
| | - Sohinder Rekhi
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, England
| | - Rochelle Allen
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, England
| | - Matthew Drake
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, England
| | - Annelore Willaert
- Research Group of Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Victoria Rook
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, England
| | - Johanna Pass
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, England.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, England
| | - Thomas Keane
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, England
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, England
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, England
| | | | - Karen P Steel
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, England.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, England
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6
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Lui JC, Raimann A, Hojo H, Dong L, Roschger P, Kikani B, Wintergerst U, Fratzl-Zelman N, Jee YH, Haeusler G, Baron J. A neomorphic variant in SP7 alters sequence specificity and causes a high-turnover bone disorder. Nat Commun 2022; 13:700. [PMID: 35121733 PMCID: PMC8816926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SP7/Osterix is a transcription factor critical for osteoblast maturation and bone formation. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SP7 cause osteogenesis imperfecta type XII, but neomorphic (gain-of-new-function) mutations of SP7 have not been reported in humans. Here we describe a de novo dominant neomorphic missense variant (c.926 C > G:p.S309W) in SP7 in a patient with craniosynostosis, cranial hyperostosis, and long bone fragility. Histomorphometry shows increased osteoblasts but decreased bone mineralization. Mice with the corresponding variant also show a complex skeletal phenotype distinct from that of Sp7-null mice. The mutation alters the binding specificity of SP7 from AT-rich motifs to a GC-consensus sequence (typical of other SP family members) and produces an aberrant gene expression profile, including increased expression of Col1a1 and endogenous Sp7, but decreased expression of genes involved in matrix mineralization. Our study identifies a pathogenic mechanism in which a mutation in a transcription factor shifts DNA binding specificity and provides important in vivo evidence that the affinity of SP7 for AT-rich motifs, unique among SP proteins, is critical for normal osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Lui
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Adalbert Raimann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lijin Dong
- Genetic Engineering Core, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bijal Kikani
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Uwe Wintergerst
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Braunau, Braunau, Austria
| | - Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Youn Hee Jee
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabriele Haeusler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abstract
For four decades, genetically altered laboratory animals have provided invaluable information. Originally, genetic modifications were performed on only a few animal species, often chosen because of the ready accessibility of embryonic materials and short generation times. The methods were often slow, inefficient and expensive. In 2013, a new, extremely efficient technology, namely CRISPR/Cas9, not only made the production of genetically altered organisms faster and cheaper, but also opened it up to non-conventional laboratory animal species. CRISPR/Cas9 relies on a guide RNA as a 'location finder' to target DNA double strand breaks induced by the Cas9 enzyme. This is a prerequisite for non-homologous end joining repair to occur, an error prone mechanism often generating insertion or deletion of genetic material. If a DNA template is also provided, this can lead to homology directed repair, allowing precise insertions, deletions or substitutions. Due to its high efficiency in targeting DNA, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic modification is now possible in virtually all animal species for which we have genome sequence data. Furthermore, modifications of Cas9 have led to more refined genetic alterations from targeted single base-pair mutations to epigenetic modifications. The latter offer altered gene expression without genome alteration. With this ever growing genetic toolbox, the number and range of genetically altered conventional and non-conventional laboratory animals with simple or complex genetic modifications is growing exponentially.
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8
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AlJanahi AA, Lazzarotto CR, Chen S, Shin TH, Cordes S, Fan X, Jabara I, Zhou Y, Young DJ, Lee BC, Yu KR, Li Y, Toms B, Tunc I, Hong SG, Truitt LL, Klermund J, Andrieux G, Kim MY, Cathomen T, Gill S, Tsai SQ, Dunbar CE. Prediction and validation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell off-target editing in transplanted rhesus macaques. Mol Ther 2022; 30:209-222. [PMID: 34174439 PMCID: PMC8753565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The programmable nuclease technology CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized gene editing in the last decade. Due to the risk of off-target editing, accurate and sensitive methods for off-target characterization are crucial prior to applying CRISPR-Cas9 therapeutically. Here, we utilized a rhesus macaque model to compare the predictive values of CIRCLE-seq, an in vitro off-target prediction method, with in silico prediction (ISP) based solely on genomic sequence comparisons. We use AmpliSeq HD error-corrected sequencing to validate off-target sites predicted by CIRCLE-seq and ISP for a CD33 guide RNA (gRNA) with thousands of off-target sites predicted by ISP and CIRCLE-seq. We found poor correlation between the sites predicted by the two methods. When almost 500 sites predicted by each method were analyzed by error-corrected sequencing of hematopoietic cells following transplantation, 19 off-target sites revealed insertion or deletion mutations. Of these sites, 8 were predicted by both methods, 8 by CIRCLE-seq only, and 3 by ISP only. The levels of cells with these off-target edits exhibited no expansion or abnormal behavior in vivo in animals followed for up to 2 years. In addition, we utilized an unbiased method termed CAST-seq to search for translocations between the on-target site and off-target sites present in animals following transplantation, detecting one specific translocation that persisted in blood cells for at least 1 year following transplantation. In conclusion, neither CIRCLE-seq or ISP predicted all sites, and a combination of careful gRNA design, followed by screening for predicted off-target sites in target cells by multiple methods, may be required for optimizing safety of clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha A AlJanahi
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Cicera R Lazzarotto
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shirley Chen
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tae-Hoon Shin
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefan Cordes
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xing Fan
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Isabel Jabara
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David J Young
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyung-Rok Yu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Ilker Tunc
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - So Gun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren L Truitt
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia Klermund
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Y Kim
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Saar Gill
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shengdar Q Tsai
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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9
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Hashimoto D, Fujimoto K, Morioka S, Ayabe S, Kataoka T, Fukumura R, Ueda Y, Kajimoto M, Hyuga T, Suzuki K, Hara I, Asamura S, Wakana S, Yoshiki A, Gondo Y, Tamura M, Sasaki T, Yamada G. Establishment of mouse line showing inducible priapism-like phenotypes. Reprod Med Biol 2022; 21:e12472. [PMID: 35765371 PMCID: PMC9207557 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Penile research is expected to reveal new targets for treatment and prevention of the complex mechanisms of its disorder including erectile dysfunction (ED). Thus, analyses of the molecular processes of penile ED and continuous erection as priapism are essential issues of reproductive medicine. Methods By performing mouse N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis and exome sequencing, we established a novel mouse line displaying protruded genitalia phenotype (PGP; priapism-like phenotype) and identified a novel Pitpna gene mutation for PGP. Extensive histological analyses on the Pitpna mutant and intracavernous pressure measurement (ICP) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS)/MS analyses were performed. Results We evaluated the role of phospholipids during erection for the first time and showed the mutants of inducible phenotypes of priapism. Moreover, quantitative analysis using LC-ESI/MS/MS revealed that the level of phosphatidylinositol (PI) was significantly lower in the mutant penile samples. These results imply that PI may contribute to penile erection by PITPα. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the current mutant is a mouse model for priapism and abnormalities in PI signaling pathways through PITPα may lead to priapism providing an attractive novel therapeutic target in its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Hashimoto
- Department of Developmental GeneticsInstitute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Kota Fujimoto
- Department of Developmental GeneticsInstitute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Shin Morioka
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology/Lipid BiologyMedical Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Shinya Ayabe
- Experimental Animal DivisionRIKEN BioResource Research CenterIbarakiJapan
| | - Tomoya Kataoka
- Department of Clinical PharmaceuticsGraduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Ryutaro Fukumura
- Clinical Laboratories Department sSRL & Shizuoka Cancer Center Collaborative Laboratories, IncShizuoka PrefJapan
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Department of Developmental GeneticsInstitute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of UrologyWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Mizuki Kajimoto
- Department of Developmental GeneticsInstitute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Taiju Hyuga
- Department of Pediatric UrologyChildren's Medical Center TochigiJichi Medical UniversityTochigiJapan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Department of Developmental GeneticsInstitute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Isao Hara
- Department of UrologyWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Shinichi Asamura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Shigeharu Wakana
- Department of Animal ExperimentationFoundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at KobeCreative Lab for Innovation in Kobe 5F 6‐3‐7KobeHyogoJapan
| | - Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal DivisionRIKEN BioResource Research CenterIbarakiJapan
| | - Yoichi Gondo
- Department of Molecular Life SciencesDivision of Basic Medical Science and Molecular MedicineTokai University School of MedicineIsehara‐shiKanagawaJapan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype AnalysisRIKEN BioResource Research CenterTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology/Lipid BiologyMedical Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Gen Yamada
- Department of Developmental GeneticsInstitute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
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10
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Mizuno-Iijima S, Nakashiba T, Ayabe S, Nakata H, Ike F, Hiraiwa N, Mochida K, Ogura A, Masuya H, Kawamoto S, Tamura M, Obata Y, Shiroishi T, Yoshiki A. Mouse resources at the RIKEN BioResource Research Center and the National BioResource Project core facility in Japan. Mamm Genome 2021; 33:181-191. [PMID: 34532769 PMCID: PMC8445257 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC) was established in 2001 as a comprehensive biological resource center in Japan. The Experimental Animal Division, one of the BRC infrastructure divisions, has been designated as the core facility for mouse resources within the National BioResource Project (NBRP) by the Japanese government since FY2002. Our activities regarding the collection, preservation, quality control, and distribution of mouse resources have been supported by the research community, including evaluations and guidance on advancing social and research needs, as well as the operations and future direction of the BRC. Expenditure for collection, preservation, and quality-control operations of the BRC, as a national core facility, has been funded by the government, while distribution has been separately funded by users' reimbursement fees. We have collected over 9000 strains created mainly by Japanese scientists including Nobel laureates and researchers in cutting-edge fields and distributed mice to 7000 scientists with 1500 organizations in Japan and globally. Our users have published 1000 outstanding papers and a few dozen patents. The collected mouse resources are accessible via the RIKEN BRC website, with a revised version of the searchable online catalog. In addition, to enhance the visibility of useful strains, we have launched web corners designated as the "Mouse of the Month" and "Today's Tool and Model." Only high-demand strains are maintained in live colonies, while other strains are cryopreserved as embryos or sperm to achieve cost-effective management. Since 2007, the RIKEN BRC has built up a back-up facility in the RIKEN Harima branch to protect the deposited strains from disasters. Our mice have been distributed with high quality through the application of strict microbial and genetic quality control programs that cover a globally accepted pathogens list and mutated alleles generated by various methods. Added value features, such as information about users' publications, standardized phenotyping data, and genome sequences of the collected strains, are important to facilitate the use of our resources. We have added and disseminated such information in collaboration with the NBRP Information Center and the NBRP Genome Information Upgrading Program. The RIKEN BRC has participated in international mouse resource networks such as the International Mouse Strain Resource, International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, and Asian Mouse Mutagenesis and Resource Association to facilitate the worldwide use of high-quality mouse resources, and as a consequence it contributes to reproducible life science studies and innovation around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Mizuno-Iijima
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakashiba
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Shinya Ayabe
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Hatsumi Nakata
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Fumio Ike
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Noriko Hiraiwa
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Keiji Mochida
- Bioresource Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Atsuo Ogura
- Bioresource Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuya
- Integrated Bioresource Information Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Shoko Kawamoto
- Genetics Informatics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Yuichi Obata
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan.
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11
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Bertolin J, Sánchez V, Ribera A, Jaén ML, Garcia M, Pujol A, Sánchez X, Muñoz S, Marcó S, Pérez J, Elias G, León X, Roca C, Jimenez V, Otaegui P, Mulero F, Navarro M, Ruberte J, Bosch F. Treatment of skeletal and non-skeletal alterations of Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA by AAV-mediated gene therapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5343. [PMID: 34504088 PMCID: PMC8429698 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPSIVA) or Morquio A disease, a lysosomal storage disorder, is caused by N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) deficiency, resulting in keratan sulfate (KS) and chondroitin-6-sulfate accumulation. Patients develop severe skeletal dysplasia, early cartilage deterioration and life-threatening heart and tracheal complications. There is no cure and enzyme replacement therapy cannot correct skeletal abnormalities. Here, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generate the first MPSIVA rat model recapitulating all skeletal and non-skeletal alterations experienced by patients. Treatment of MPSIVA rats with adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 encoding Galns (AAV9-Galns) results in widespread transduction of bones, cartilage and peripheral tissues. This led to long-term (1 year) increase of GALNS activity and whole-body correction of KS levels, thus preventing body size reduction and severe alterations of bones, teeth, joints, trachea and heart. This study demonstrates the potential of AAV9-Galns gene therapy to correct the disabling MPSIVA pathology, providing strong rationale for future clinical translation to MPSIVA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Bertolin
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Albert Ribera
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Jaén
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miquel Garcia
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Pujol
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Sánchez
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sergio Muñoz
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Marcó
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jennifer Pérez
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gemma Elias
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier León
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Roca
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Jimenez
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Otaegui
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francisca Mulero
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Navarro
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruberte
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Longenecker G, Cho K, Khillan J, Kulkarni AB. Cryopreservation Protocols for Genetically Engineered Mice. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e138. [PMID: 34043268 PMCID: PMC8211118 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Protocols for cryopreservation of mouse embryos and sperm are important for preserving genetically engineered mice (GEMs) used in research to study human development and diseases. Embryo cryopreservation is mainly carried out using either of two protocols: controlled gradual cooling or vitrification. Sperm cryopreservation protocols include two methodologies that are commonly referred to as JAX and CARD. Quality-control measures are necessary to ensure that GEMs are properly cryopreserved so that they can be retrieved for future use. An archiving system is also important in keeping proper records of frozen sperm and embryos. Frozen embryos and sperm are now preferred over live mice for shipping to distant locations. This article describes detailed protocols used in cryopreservation of mouse embryos and sperm, as well as their retrieval to live mice. © 2021 U.S. Government. Sperm cryopreservation Basic Protocol 1: JAX protocol for sperm cryopreservation Support Protocol 1: JAX protocol for making sperm cryopreservation medium Basic Protocol 2: JAX protocol for IVF of mouse sperm Alternate Protocol 1: Modified CARD protocol for sperm cryopreservation Support Protocol 2: CARD protocol for making sperm cryopreservation medium Alternate Protocol 2: CARD protocol for IVF of mouse sperm Embryo cryopreservation Basic Protocol 3: Cryopreserving and thawing 2-cell embryos Alternate Protocol 3: Cryopreserving and thawing 8-cell to morula-stage embryos Surgical transfer of embryos Basic Protocol 4: Infundibulum transfer of 2-cell to morula-stage embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Longenecker
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kyoungin Cho
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jaspal Khillan
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashok B. Kulkarni
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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13
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Chenouard V, Remy S, Tesson L, Ménoret S, Ouisse LH, Cherifi Y, Anegon I. Advances in Genome Editing and Application to the Generation of Genetically Modified Rat Models. Front Genet 2021; 12:615491. [PMID: 33959146 PMCID: PMC8093876 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.615491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat has been extensively used as a small animal model. Many genetically engineered rat models have emerged in the last two decades, and the advent of gene-specific nucleases has accelerated their generation in recent years. This review covers the techniques and advances used to generate genetically engineered rat lines and their application to the development of rat models more broadly, such as conditional knockouts and reporter gene strains. In addition, genome-editing techniques that remain to be explored in the rat are discussed. The review also focuses more particularly on two areas in which extensive work has been done: human genetic diseases and immune system analysis. Models are thoroughly described in these two areas and highlight the competitive advantages of rat models over available corresponding mouse versions. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the advantages and potential of rat models for addressing specific scientific questions and to characterize the best genome-engineering tools for developing new projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Chenouard
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- genOway, Lyon, France
| | - Séverine Remy
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Ménoret
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Laure-Hélène Ouisse
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Ignacio Anegon
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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14
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Huang H, Zhong L, Zhou J, Hou Y, Zhang Z, Xing X, Sun J. Leydig-like cells derived from reprogrammed human foreskin fibroblasts by CRISPR/dCas9 increase the level of serum testosterone in castrated male rats. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3971-3981. [PMID: 32160419 PMCID: PMC7171312 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, Leydig cell (LC) transplantation has been regarded as an effective strategy for providing physiological patterns of testosterone in vivo. Recently, we have successfully converted human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) into functional Leydig‐like cells (iLCs) in vitro by using the CRISPR/dCas9 system, which shows promising potential for seed cells. However, it is not known whether the reprogrammed iLCs can survive or restore serum testosterone levels in vivo. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate whether reprogrammed iLCs can restore the serum testosterone levels of castrated rats when they are transplanted into the fibrous capsule. We first developed the castrated Sprague Dawley rat model through bilateral orchiectomy and subsequently injected extracellular matrix gel containing transplanted cells into the fibrous capsule of castrated rats. Finally, we evaluated dynamic serum levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) in castrated rats, the survival of implanted iLCs, and the expression levels of Leydig steroidogenic enzymes by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that implanted iLCs could partially restore the serum testosterone level of castrated rats, weakly mimic the role of adult Leydig cells in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis for a short period, and survive and secrete testosterone, through 6 weeks after transplantation. Therefore, this study may be valuable for treating male hypogonadism in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Hou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xing
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Matsumura K, Seiriki K, Okada S, Nagase M, Ayabe S, Yamada I, Furuse T, Shibuya H, Yasuda Y, Yamamori H, Fujimoto M, Nagayasu K, Yamamoto K, Kitagawa K, Miura H, Gotoda-Nishimura N, Igarashi H, Hayashida M, Baba M, Kondo M, Hasebe S, Ueshima K, Kasai A, Ago Y, Hayata-Takano A, Shintani N, Iguchi T, Sato M, Yamaguchi S, Tamura M, Wakana S, Yoshiki A, Watabe AM, Okano H, Takuma K, Hashimoto R, Hashimoto H, Nakazawa T. Pathogenic POGZ mutation causes impaired cortical development and reversible autism-like phenotypes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:859. [PMID: 32103003 PMCID: PMC7044294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pogo transposable element derived with ZNF domain (POGZ) has been identified as one of the most recurrently de novo mutated genes in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability and White-Sutton syndrome; however, the neurobiological basis behind these disorders remains unknown. Here, we show that POGZ regulates neuronal development and that ASD-related de novo mutations impair neuronal development in the developing mouse brain and induced pluripotent cell lines from an ASD patient. We also develop the first mouse model heterozygous for a de novo POGZ mutation identified in a patient with ASD, and we identify ASD-like abnormalities in the mice. Importantly, social deficits can be treated by compensatory inhibition of elevated cell excitability in the mice. Our results provide insight into how de novo mutations on high-confidence ASD genes lead to impaired mature cortical network function, which underlies the cellular pathogenesis of NDDs, including ASD. De novo mutations significantly contribute to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, the authors demonstrate that ASD-associated de novo mutations in the POGZ gene, one of a high-confidence ASD gene, lead to ASD-related impaired neuronal development and disrupted mature cortical network function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Matsumura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Research Fellowships for Young Scientists of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Kaoru Seiriki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shota Okada
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagase
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567, Japan
| | - Shinya Ayabe
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yamada
- Technology and Developmental Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Tamio Furuse
- Technology and Developmental Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Shibuya
- Technology and Developmental Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.,Life Grow Brilliant Clinic, Osaka, Osaka, 530-0012, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.,Japan Community Health care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, 553-0003, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kana Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohei Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nanaka Gotoda-Nishimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisato Igarashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Misuzu Hayashida
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Baba
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Momoka Kondo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hasebe
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kosei Ueshima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norihito Shintani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tokuichi Iguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shun Yamaguchi
- Department of Morphological Neuroscience, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Technology and Developmental Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Wakana
- Technology and Developmental Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan.,Department of Gerontology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Ayako M Watabe
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8567, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.,Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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16
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Yamashita S, Kogasaka Y, Hiradate Y, Tanemura K, Sendai Y. Suppression of mosaic mutation by co-delivery of CRISPR associated protein 9 and three-prime repair exonuclease 2 into porcine zygotes via electroporation. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:41-48. [PMID: 31761839 PMCID: PMC7040215 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-modified animals, including pigs, can be generated efficiently by introducing CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) into zygotes. However, in many cases, these zygotes tend to become mosaic mutants with various different mutant cell types, making it difficult to analyze the phenotype of gene-modified founder animals. To reduce the mosaic mutations, we introduced three-prime repair exonuclease 2 (Trex2), an exonuclease that improves gene editing efficiency, into porcine zygotes along with CRISPR/Cas9 via electroporation. Although the rate of porcine blastocyst formation decreased due to electroporation (25.9 ± 4.6% vs. 41.2 ± 2.0%), co-delivery of murine Trex2 (mTrex2) mRNA with CRISPR/Cas9 did not affect it any further (25.9 ± 4.6% vs. 31.0 ± 4.6%). In addition, there was no significant difference in the diameter of blastocysts carrying CRISPR/Cas9 (164.7 ± 10.2 μm), and those with CRISPR/Cas9 + mTrex2 (151.9 ± 5.1 μm) as compared to those from the control group (178.9 ± 9.0 μm). These results revealed that mTrex2 did not affect the development of pre-implantation embryo. We also found bi-allelic, as well as mono-allelic, non-mosaic homozygous mutations in the blastocysts. Most importantly, co-delivery of mTrex2 mRNA with CRISPR/Cas9 increased non-mosaic mutant blastocysts (29.3 ± 4.5%) and reduced mosaic mutant blastocysts (70.7 ± 4.5%) as compared to CRISPR/Cas9 alone (5.6 ± 6.4% and 92.6 ± 8.6%, respectively). These data suggest that the co-delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 and mTrex2 is a useful method to suppress mosaic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Yamashita
- Biological Sciences Section, Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock of Zen-noh, Ibaraki 300-4204, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kogasaka
- Biological Sciences Section, Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock of Zen-noh, Ibaraki 300-4204, Japan
| | - Yuuki Hiradate
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanemura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sendai
- Biological Sciences Section, Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock of Zen-noh, Ibaraki 300-4204, Japan
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17
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Fragoza R, Das J, Wierbowski SD, Liang J, Tran TN, Liang S, Beltran JF, Rivera-Erick CA, Ye K, Wang TY, Yao L, Mort M, Stenson PD, Cooper DN, Wei X, Keinan A, Schimenti JC, Clark AG, Yu H. Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic variants across the allele frequency spectrum in human populations. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4141. [PMID: 31515488 PMCID: PMC6742646 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Each human genome carries tens of thousands of coding variants. The extent to which this variation is functional and the mechanisms by which they exert their influence remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we leverage the ExAC database of 60,706 human exomes to investigate experimentally the impact of 2009 missense single nucleotide variants (SNVs) across 2185 protein-protein interactions, generating interaction profiles for 4797 SNV-interaction pairs, of which 421 SNVs segregate at > 1% allele frequency in human populations. We find that interaction-disruptive SNVs are prevalent at both rare and common allele frequencies. Furthermore, these results suggest that 10.5% of missense variants carried per individual are disruptive, a higher proportion than previously reported; this indicates that each individual's genetic makeup may be significantly more complex than expected. Finally, we demonstrate that candidate disease-associated mutations can be identified through shared interaction perturbations between variants of interest and known disease mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fragoza
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jishnu Das
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shayne D Wierbowski
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jin Liang
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tina N Tran
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Siqi Liang
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Juan F Beltran
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Christen A Rivera-Erick
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kaixiong Ye
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ting-Yi Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Matthew Mort
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Peter D Stenson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Xiaomu Wei
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Alon Keinan
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - John C Schimenti
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Andrew G Clark
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Haiyuan Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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18
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Huang H, Zou X, Zhong L, Hou Y, Zhou J, Zhang Z, Xing X, Sun J. CRISPR/dCas9-mediated activation of multiple endogenous target genes directly converts human foreskin fibroblasts into Leydig-like cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6072-6084. [PMID: 31264792 PMCID: PMC6714237 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, Leydig cell (LC) transplantation has been revealed as a promising strategy for treating male hypogonadism; however, the key problem restricting the application of LC transplantation is a severe lack of seed cells. It seems that targeted activation of endogenous genes may provide a potential alternative. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether targeted activation of Nr5a1, Gata4 and Dmrt1 (NGD) via the CRISPR/dCas9 synergistic activation mediator system could convert human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) into functional Leydig-like cells. We first constructed the stable Hsd3b-dCas9-MPH-HFF cell line using the Hsd3b-EGFP, dCas9-VP64 and MS2-P65-HSF1 lentiviral vectors and then infected it with single guide RNAs. Next, we evaluated the reprogrammed cells for their reprogramming efficiency, testosterone production characteristics and expression levels of Leydig steroidogenic markers by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or Western blotting. Our results showed that the reprogramming efficiency was close to 10% and that the reprogrammed Leydig-like cells secreted testosterone rapidly and, more importantly, responded effectively to stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin and expressed Leydig steroidogenic markers. Our findings demonstrate that simultaneous targeted activation of the endogenous NGD genes directly reprograms HFFs into functional Leydig-like cells, providing an innovative technology that may have promising potential for the treatment of male androgen deficiency diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangyu Zou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yanping Hou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyu Xing
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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19
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Stafford AM, Reed C, Baba H, Walter NAR, Mootz JRK, Williams RW, Neve KA, Fedorov LM, Janowsky AJ, Phillips TJ. Taar1 gene variants have a causal role in methamphetamine intake and response and interact with Oprm1. eLife 2019; 8:e46472. [PMID: 31274109 PMCID: PMC6682400 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified a locus on mouse chromosome 10 that accounts for 60% of the genetic variance in methamphetamine intake in mice selectively bred for high versus low methamphetamine consumption. We nominated the trace amine-associated receptor 1 gene, Taar1, as the strongest candidate and identified regulation of the mu-opioid receptor 1 gene, Oprm1, as another contributor. This study exploited CRISPR-Cas9 to test the causal role of Taar1 in methamphetamine intake and a genetically-associated thermal response to methamphetamine. The methamphetamine-related traits were rescued, converting them to levels found in methamphetamine-avoiding animals. We used a family of recombinant inbred mouse strains for interval mapping and to examine independent and epistatic effects of Taar1 and Oprm1. Both methamphetamine intake and the thermal response mapped to Taar1 and the independent effect of Taar1 was dependent on genotype at Oprm1. Our findings encourage investigation of the contribution of Taar1 and Oprm1 variants to human methamphetamine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Stafford
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research CenterOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Cheryl Reed
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research CenterOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Harue Baba
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research CenterOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Nicole AR Walter
- Division of NeuroscienceOregon National Primate Research CenterPortlandUnited States
| | - John RK Mootz
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research CenterOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and InformaticsUniversity of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterMemphisUnited States
| | - Kim A Neve
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research CenterOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care SystemPortlandUnited States
| | - Lev M Fedorov
- Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource, Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Aaron J Janowsky
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research CenterOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care SystemPortlandUnited States
- Department of PsychiatryOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Tamara J Phillips
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research CenterOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care SystemPortlandUnited States
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20
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Greenfield A. Fearful old world? A commentary on the Second International Summit on human genome editing. Mamm Genome 2019; 30:1-4. [PMID: 30600355 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing is revolutionising our ability to modify genomes with exquisite precision for medical and agricultural applications, and in basic research. The first International Summit on Human Genome Editing, organised jointly by the US National Academies of Sciences and Medicine, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the UK Royal Society, was held in Washington DC at the end of 2015. Its aim was to explore scientific, legal and ethical perspectives on the prospective use of human genome editing as a therapeutic intervention in disease (so-called somatic genome editing) and as a possible intervention in human reproduction (so-called germ-line genome editing). Following that Summit, the Organising Committee had, in a press release, come to the conclusion that: "It would be irresponsible to proceed with any clinical use of germ line editing unless and until (i) the relevant safety and efficacy issues have been resolved, based on appropriate understanding and balancing of risks, potential benefits and alternatives, and (ii) there is broad societal consensus about the appropriateness of the proposed application" ( http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=12032015a ). A report from the US National Academies subsequently reiterated and developed the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Greenfield
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK.
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