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Lee SY, Han JH, Lee EK, Kim YK, Hwang SA, Lee SH, Kim M, Cho GY, Hwang JH, Kim SJ, Yoo JG, Cho SK, Lee KJ, Cho WK. Structural and functional characterization of recombinant human growth hormone isolated from transgenic pig milk. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236788. [PMID: 32735629 PMCID: PMC7394428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish and reproduce transgenic pigs expressing human growth hormone (hGH) in their milk. We also aimed to purify hGH from the milk, to characterize the purified protein, and to assess the potential of our model for mass production of therapeutic proteins using transgenic techniques. Using ~15.5 L transgenic pig milk, we obtained proteins with ≥ 99% purity after three pre-treatments and five column chromatography steps. To confirm the biosimilarity of our milk-derived purified recombinant hGH (CGH942) with commercially available somatropin (Genotropin), we performed spectroscopy, structural, and biological analyses. We observed no difference between the purified protein and Genotropin samples. Furthermore, rat models were used to assess growth promotion potential. Our results indicate that CGH942 promotes growth, by increasing bone development and body weight. Toxicity assessments revealed no abnormal findings after 4 weeks of continuous administration and 2 weeks of recovery. The no-observed-adverse-effect level for both males and females was determined to be 0.6 mg/kg/day. Thus, no toxicological differences were observed between commercially available somatropin and CGH942 obtained from transgenic pig milk. In conclusion, we describe a transgenic technique using pigs, providing a new platform to produce human therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Lee
- CHO-A Biotechnology Research Institute, CHO-A Pharmaceutical Company, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Joo-Hee Han
- CHO-A Biotechnology Research Institute, CHO-A Pharmaceutical Company, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Lee
- CHO-A Biotechnology Research Institute, CHO-A Pharmaceutical Company, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Young Kyu Kim
- CHO-A Biotechnology Research Institute, CHO-A Pharmaceutical Company, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seo-Ah Hwang
- CHO-A Biotechnology Research Institute, CHO-A Pharmaceutical Company, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Lee
- CHO-A Biotechnology Research Institute, CHO-A Pharmaceutical Company, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Maria Kim
- CHO-A Biotechnology Research Institute, CHO-A Pharmaceutical Company, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Gye Yoon Cho
- CHO-A Biotechnology Research Institute, CHO-A Pharmaceutical Company, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jae-Ha Hwang
- CHO-A Biotechnology Research Institute, CHO-A Pharmaceutical Company, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- CHO-A Biotechnology Research Institute, CHO-A Pharmaceutical Company, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Yoo
- Animal Diseases and Biosecurity Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ju Lee
- CHO-A Biotechnology Research Institute, CHO-A Pharmaceutical Company, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Weon-Ki Cho
- CHO-A Biotechnology Research Institute, CHO-A Pharmaceutical Company, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Hryhorowicz M, Lipiński D, Hryhorowicz S, Nowak-Terpiłowska A, Ryczek N, Zeyland J. Application of Genetically Engineered Pigs in Biomedical Research. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060670. [PMID: 32575461 PMCID: PMC7349405 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in genetic engineering over the past few decades has made it possible to develop methods that have led to the production of transgenic animals. The development of transgenesis has created new directions in research and possibilities for its practical application. Generating transgenic animal species is not only aimed towards accelerating traditional breeding programs and improving animal health and the quality of animal products for consumption but can also be used in biomedicine. Animal studies are conducted to develop models used in gene function and regulation research and the genetic determinants of certain human diseases. Another direction of research, described in this review, focuses on the use of transgenic animals as a source of high-quality biopharmaceuticals, such as recombinant proteins. The further aspect discussed is the use of genetically modified animals as a source of cells, tissues, and organs for transplantation into human recipients, i.e., xenotransplantation. Numerous studies have shown that the pig (Sus scrofa domestica) is the most suitable species both as a research model for human diseases and as an optimal organ donor for xenotransplantation. Short pregnancy, short generation interval, and high litter size make the production of transgenic pigs less time-consuming in comparison with other livestock species This review describes genetically modified pigs used for biomedical research and the future challenges and perspectives for the use of the swine animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hryhorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland; (D.L.); (A.N.-T.); (N.R.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Lipiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland; (D.L.); (A.N.-T.); (N.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Szymon Hryhorowicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Nowak-Terpiłowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland; (D.L.); (A.N.-T.); (N.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Natalia Ryczek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland; (D.L.); (A.N.-T.); (N.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Joanna Zeyland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland; (D.L.); (A.N.-T.); (N.R.); (J.Z.)
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Validation of mouse phosphoprotein enriched in astrocyte 15 (mPEA15) expressing transgenic pig as a potential model in diabetes translational research. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:34. [PMID: 31988828 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-2021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of mPEA15 expressing transgenic pig (TG pig) as a potential model for diabetes. Expression analysis confirmed the ubiquitous expression of mPEA15 in TG pigs at F4. Oral glucose tolerance test results showed that restoration of normal glucose levels was significantly delayed in the TG pigs when compared with that in the wild-type pigs (WT pigs). Primary skeletal muscle cells isolated from TG pigs demonstrated reduced glucose uptake and reduced GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane in response to insulin treatment. Combined, these results suggest that mPEA15 expressing pigs has a glucose intolerance and insulin resistance which are known to mediate the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, mPEA15 transgenic pigs would serve as a promising model for diabetes translational research.
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Chung HJ, Park HJ, Baek SY, Park JK, Lee WY, Kim KW, Jo YM, Hochi S, Kim YM, Choi TJ, Cho ES, Cho KH. Production of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (htPA) using in vitro cultured transgenic pig mammary gland cells. Anim Biotechnol 2018; 30:317-322. [PMID: 30522372 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1521824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a protein involved in the breakdown of blood clots. We have previously produced a human tPA (htPA)-overexpressing transgenic pig using a mammary gland-specific promoter. In this study, we have established a transgenic pig mammary gland cell line that produces recombinant htPA. The mammary gland cells grew well and retained their character over long periods of culture. There was no difference in the extent of apoptosis in transgenic cells compared to wild-type mammary gland cells. In addition, the transgenic mammary gland cells expressed and secreted htPA into the conditioned media at a concentration similar to that in milk. This transgenic cell line represents a simple and ethical method for recombinant htPA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Jae Chung
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Baek
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Park
- Department of Swine & Poultry Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Department of Beef & Dairy Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Woon Kim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Wanju-gun , Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Jo
- Medi Kinetics Central Research Institute , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Shinichi Hochi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University , Ueda , Nagano , Japan
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jeong Choi
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Suek Cho
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Cho
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
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Yao J, Huang J, Zhao J. Genome editing revolutionize the creation of genetically modified pigs for modeling human diseases. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1093-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Sun YL, Chang YS, Lin YS, Yen CH. Pilot production of recombinant human clotting factor IX from transgenic sow milk. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 898:78-89. [PMID: 22578515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Valuable pharmaceutical proteins produced from the mammary glands of transgenic livestock have potential use in the biomedical industry. In this study, recombinant human clotting factor IX (rhFIX) produced from transgenic sow milk for preclinical animal studies have been established. The transgenic sow milk was skimmed and treated with sodium phosphate buffer to remove abundant casein protein. Then, the γ-carboxylated rhFIX fraction was segregated through the Q Sepharose chromatography from uncarboxylated one. For safety issue, the process included virus inactivation by solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment. Subsequently, the S/D treated sample was loaded into the Heparin Sepharose column to recover the rhFIX fraction, which was then reapplied to the Heparin Sepharose column to enhance rhFIX purity and lower the ratio of activated form rhFIX (rhFIXa) easily. This was possible due to the higher affinity of the Heparin affinity sorbent for rhFIXa than for the rhFIX zymogen. Furthermore, an IgA removal column was used to eliminate porcine IgA in purified rhFIX. Finally, nanofiltration was performed for viral clearance. Consequently, a high-quality rhFIX product was produced (approximately 700 mg per batch). Other values for final rhFIX preparation were as follows: purity, >99%; average specific activity, 415.6±57.7 IU/mL and total milk impurity, <0.5 ng/mg. This is the first report that described the whole process and stable production of bioactive rhFIX from transgenic sow milk. The overall manufacturing process presented here has the potential for industrial production of rhFIX for treatment of hemophilia B patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-ling Sun
- Division of Biotechnology, Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, P.O. Box 23, Chunan 350, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
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Lacking expression of paternally-expressed gene confirms the failure of syngamy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Theriogenology 2012; 77:1415-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Tan WS, Carlson DF, Walton MW, Fahrenkrug SC, Hackett PB. Precision editing of large animal genomes. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2012; 80:37-97. [PMID: 23084873 PMCID: PMC3683964 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-404742-6.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic animals are an important source of protein and nutrition for most humans and will play key roles in satisfying the increasing demand for food in an ever-increasing world population. The past decade has experienced a revolution in the development of methods that permit the introduction of specific alterations to complex genomes. This precision will enhance genome-based improvement of farm animals for food production. Precision genetics also will enhance the development of therapeutic biomaterials and models of human disease as resources for the development of advanced patient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Spring Tan
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Whyte JJ, Prather RS. Genetic modifications of pigs for medicine and agriculture. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 78:879-91. [PMID: 21671302 PMCID: PMC3522184 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified swine hold great promise in the fields of agriculture and medicine. Currently, these swine are being used to optimize production of quality meat, to improve our understanding of the biology of disease resistance, and to reduced waste. In the field of biomedicine, swine are anatomically and physiologically analogous to humans. Alterations of key swine genes in disease pathways provide model animals to improve our understanding of the causes and potential treatments of many human genetic disorders. The completed sequencing of the swine genome will significantly enhance the specificity of genetic modifications, and allow for more accurate representations of human disease based on syntenic genes between the two species. Improvements in both methods of gene alteration and efficiency of model animal production are key to enabling routine use of these swine models in medicine and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Whyte
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
| | - Randall S. Prather
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
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Piedrahita JA, Olby N. Perspectives on transgenic livestock in agriculture and biomedicine: an update. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011; 23:56-63. [PMID: 21366981 DOI: 10.1071/rd10246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been 30 years since the first transgenic mouse was generated and 26 years since the first example of transferring the technology to livestock was published. While there was tremendous optimism in those initial years, with most convinced that genetically modified animals would play a significant role in agricultural production, that has not come to be. So at first sight one could conclude that this technology has, to a large extent, failed. On the contrary, it is believed that it has succeeded beyond our original expectations, and we are now at what is perhaps the most exciting time in the development and implementation of these technologies. The original goals, however, have drastically changed and it is now biomedical applications that are playing a central role in pushing both technical and scientific developments. The combination of advances in somatic cell nuclear transfer, the development of induced pluripotent stem cells and the completion of the sequencing of most livestock genomes ensures a bright and exciting future for this field, not only in livestock but also in companion animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Piedrahita
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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12
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De Cecco M, Spinaci M, Zannoni A, Bernardini C, Seren E, Forni M, Bacci ML. Coupling sperm mediated gene transfer and sperm sorting techniques: a new perspective for swine transgenesis. Theriogenology 2010; 74:856-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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