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Vélez Blandón JF, Sánchez Henao CP, Zapata Montoya JE, Ochoa S. l-Threonine production from whey and fish hydrolysate by E. coli ATCC® 21277TM. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18744. [PMID: 37609415 PMCID: PMC10440459 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work production of l-threonine by Escherichia coli ATCC® 21277™ has been studied using a mixture of alternative low-cost substrates, which are recognized to be a major pollution problem. Whey was used as the primary carbon source, whereas Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) viscera hydrolysates constituted the nitrogen source. A Box-Behnken Design was used for optimizing l-threonine and biomass production, using temperature and glucose, whey, and Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) viscera hydrolysate contents as factors. Results indicate that biomass production is affected by the concentration of hydrolysate and temperature. On the other hand, l-threonine production is affected by concentration of whey, hydrolysate, and temperature. In this context, it was possible to maximize l-threonine production, but with a detriment on biomass production. The optimal conditions for biomass and l-threonine maximization (after 24 h) were identified and validated experimentally, resulting in biomass and l-threonine production of 0.767 g/L and 0.406 g/L, respectively. This work has shown the technical feasibility of using whey and Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) viscera hydrolysates for the production of l-threonine by E. coli ATCC® 21277TM. Finally, the complications associated to the use of these low-cost complex substrates for the production of l-threonine by E. coli, suggest that more in detail studies (i.e. at the metabolic level) are required in order to propose strategies to increase the process productivity, before its scale up. This is a first step in our long-term goal of developing a production process for i) dealing with the pollution problems caused by those wastes, and ii) strengthen the milk and fish industries which are important poles of the Colombian economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Fredy Vélez Blandón
- Nutrition and Food Technology Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 50010, Colombia
| | - Claudia Patricia Sánchez Henao
- Nutrition and Food Technology Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 50010, Colombia
| | - José Edgar Zapata Montoya
- Nutrition and Food Technology Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 50010, Colombia
| | - Silvia Ochoa
- SIDCOP Research Group, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
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Liu Q, Zhu J, Liu N, Sun W, Yu B, Niu H, Liu D, Ouyang P, Ying H, Chen Y, Zhao G, Chen T. Type I fimbriae subunit fimA enhances Escherichia coli biofilm formation but affects L-threonine carbon distribution. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:904636. [PMID: 36338119 PMCID: PMC9633679 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.904636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm (BF) provides favorable growth conditions to cells, which has been exploited in the field of industrial biotechnology. Based on our previous research works on type I fimbriae for the biosynthesis of L-threonine (LT) in Escherichia coli, in this study, a fimA-overexpressing strain was engineered, which improved BF formation under industrial fermentation conditions. The morphological observation and characterization of BF formation were conducted to verify the function of the subunit FimA. However, it was not suitable for repeated-batch immobilized fermentation as the LT titer was not elevated significantly. The underlying molecular mechanisms of BF formation and the LT carbon flux were explored by transcriptomic analysis. The results showed that fimA regulated E. coli BF formation but affected LT carbon distribution. This study will stimulate thoughts about how the fimbriae gene regulated biofilms and amino acid excretion and will bring some consideration and provide a reference for the development of BF-based biomanufacturing processes in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Hi-Tech Biological Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanqing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Tianpeng Chen, ; Gulin Zhao,
| | - Tianpeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Tianpeng Chen, ; Gulin Zhao,
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3
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Yu W, Bai H, Zeng Y, Zhao H, Xia S, Huang Y, Lv F, Wang S. Solar-Driven Producing of Value-Added Chemicals with Organic Semiconductor-Bacteria Biohybrid System. RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9834093. [PMID: 35402922 PMCID: PMC8972406 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9834093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic biohybrid systems exhibit promising performance in biosynthesis; however, these systems can only produce a single metabolite and cannot further transform carbon sources into highly valuable chemical production. Herein, a photosynthetic biohybrid system integrating biological and chemical cascade synthesis was developed for solar-driven conversion of glucose to value-added chemicals. A new ternary cooperative biohybrid system, namely bacterial factory, was constructed by self-assembling of enzyme-modified light-harvesting donor-acceptor conjugated polymer nanoparticles (D-A CPNs) and genetically engineered Escherichia coli (E. coli). The D-A CPNs coating on E. coli could effectively generate electrons under light irradiation, which were transferred into E. coli to promote the 37% increment of threonine production by increasing the ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Subsequently, the metabolized threonine was catalyzed by threonine deaminase covalently linking with D-A CPNs to obtain 2-oxobutyrate, which is an important precursor of drugs and chemicals. The 2-oxobutyrate yield under light irradiation is increased by 58% in comparison to that in dark. This work provides a new organic semiconductor-microorganism photosynthetic biohybrid system for biological and chemical cascade synthesis of highly valuable chemicals by taking advantage of renewable carbon sources and solar energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shengpeng Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiming Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Zhao L, Lu Y, Yang J, Fang Y, Zhu L, Ding Z, Wang C, Ma W, Hu X, Wang X. Expression regulation of multiple key genes to improve L-threonine in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:46. [PMID: 32093713 PMCID: PMC7041290 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli is an important strain for l-threonine production. Genetic switch is a ubiquitous regulatory tool for gene expression in prokaryotic cells. To sense and regulate intracellular or extracellular chemicals, bacteria evolve a variety of transcription factors. The key enzymes required for l-threonine biosynthesis in E. coli are encoded by the thr operon. The thr operon could coordinate expression of these genes when l-threonine is in short supply in the cell. Results The thrL leader regulatory elements were applied to regulate the expression of genes iclR, arcA, cpxR, gadE, fadR and pykF, while the threonine-activating promoters PcysH, PcysJ and PcysD were applied to regulate the expression of gene aspC, resulting in the increase of l-threonine production in an l-threonine producing E. coli strain TWF001. Firstly, different parts of the regulator thrL were inserted in the iclR regulator region in TWF001, and the best resulting strain TWF063 produced 16.34 g l-threonine from 40 g glucose after 30 h cultivation. Secondly, the gene aspC following different threonine-activating promoters was inserted into the chromosome of TWF063, and the best resulting strain TWF066 produced 17.56 g l-threonine from 40 g glucose after 30 h cultivation. Thirdly, the effect of expression regulation of arcA, cpxR, gadE, pykF and fadR was individually investigated on l-threonine production in TWF001. Finally, using TWF066 as the starting strain, the expression of genes arcA, cpxR, gadE, pykF and fadR was regulated individually or in combination to obtain the best strain for l-threonine production. The resulting strain TWF083, in which the expression of seven genes (iclR, aspC, arcA, cpxR, gadE, pykF, fadR and aspC) was regulated, produced 18.76 g l-threonine from 30 g glucose, 26.50 g l-threonine from 40 g glucose, or 26.93 g l-threonine from 50 g glucose after 30 h cultivation. In 48 h fed-batch fermentation, TWF083 could produce 116.62 g/L l‐threonine with a yield of 0.486 g/g glucose and productivity of 2.43 g/L/h. Conclusion The genetic engineering through the expression regulation of key genes is a better strategy than simple deletion of these genes to improve l-threonine production in E. coli. This strategy has little effect on the intracellular metabolism in the early stage of the growth but could increase l-threonine biosynthesis in the late stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Nanjing Customs District P. R. China, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lifei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhixiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Lim YH, Foo HL, Loh TC, Mohamad R, Abdul Rahim R. Rapid Evaluation and Optimization of Medium Components Governing Tryptophan Production by Pediococcus acidilactici TP-6 Isolated from Malaysian Food via Statistical Approaches. Molecules 2020; 25:E779. [PMID: 32054138 PMCID: PMC7071007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is one of the most extensively used amino acids in livestock industry owing to its effectiveness in enhancing the growth performance of animals. Conventionally, the production of tryptophan relies heavily on genetically modified Escherichia coli but its pathogenicity is a great concern. Our recent study demonstrated that a lactic acid bacterium (LAB), Pediococcus acidilactici TP-6 that isolated from Malaysian food was a promising tryptophan producer. However, the tryptophan production must enhance further for viable industrial application. Hence, the current study evaluated the effects of medium components and optimized the medium composition for tryptophan production by P. acidilactici TP-6 statistically using Plackett-Burman Design, and Central Composite Design. The optimized medium containing molasses (14.06 g/L), meat extract (23.68 g/L), urea (5.56 g/L) and FeSO4 (0.024 g/L) significantly enhanced the tryptophan production by 150% as compared to the control de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium. The findings obtained in this study revealed that rapid evaluation and effective optimization of medium composition governing tryptophan production by P. acidilactici TP-6 were feasible via statistical approaches. Additionally, the current findings reveal the potential of utilizing LAB as a safer alternative tryptophan producer and provides insight for future exploitation of various amino acid productions by LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Heng Lim
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.H.L.); (R.M.); (R.A.R.)
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.H.L.); (R.M.); (R.A.R.)
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.H.L.); (R.M.); (R.A.R.)
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.H.L.); (R.M.); (R.A.R.)
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Office of Vice Chancellor, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Jalan Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
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Zhu L, Fang Y, Ding Z, Zhang S, Wang X. Developing an l-threonine-producing strain from wild-type Escherichia coli by modifying the glucose uptake, glyoxylate shunt, and l-threonine biosynthetic pathway. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:962-976. [PMID: 31486127 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wild-type Escherichia coli MG1655 usually does not accumulate l-threonine. In this study, the effects of 13 genes related to the glucose uptake, glycolysis, TCA cycle, l-threonine biosynthesis, or their regulation on l-threonine accumulation in E. coli MG1655 were investigated. Sixteen E. coli mutant strains were constructed by chromosomal deletion or overexpression of one or more genes of rsd, ptsG, ptsH, ptsI, crr, galP, glk, iclR, and gltA; the plasmid pFW01-thrA*BC-rhtC harboring the key genes for l-threonine biosynthesis and secretion was introduced into these mutants. The analyses on cell growth, glucose consumption, and l-threonine production of these recombinant strains showed that most of these strains could accumulate l-threonine, and the highest yield was obtained in WMZ016/pFW01-thrA*BC-rhtC. WMZ016 was derived from MG1655 by deleting crr and iclR and enhancing the expression of gltA. WMZ016/pFW01-thrA*BC-rhtC could produce 17.98 g/L l-threonine with a yield of 0.346 g/g glucose, whereas the control strain MG1655/pFW01-thrA*BC-rhtC could only produce 0.68 g/L l-threonine. In addition, WMZ016/pFW01-thrA*BC-rhtC could tolerate the high concentration of glucose and produced no detectable by-products; therefore, it should be an ideal platform strain for further development. The results indicate that manipulating the glucose uptake and TCA cycle could efficiently increase l-threonine production in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhixiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Chen T, Liu N, Ren P, Xi X, Yang L, Sun W, Yu B, Ying H, Ouyang P, Liu D, Chen Y. Efficient Biofilm-Based Fermentation Strategies for L-Threonine Production by Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1773. [PMID: 31428070 PMCID: PMC6688125 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms provide cells favorable growth conditions, which have been exploited in industrial biotechnological processes. However, industrial application of the biofilm has not yet been reported in Escherichia coli, one of the most important platform strains, though the biofilm has been extensively studied for pathogenic reasons. Here, we engineered E. coli by overexpressing the fimH gene, which successfully enhanced its biofilm formation under industrial aerobic cultivation conditions. Subsequently, a biofilm-based immobilized fermentation strategy was developed. L-threonine production was increased from 10.5 to 14.1 g/L during batch fermentations and further to 17.5 g/L during continuous (repeated-batch) fermentations with enhanced productivities. Molecular basis for the enhanced biofilm formation and L-threonine biosynthesis was also studied by transcriptome analysis. This study goes beyond the conventional research focusing on pathogenic aspects of E. coli biofilm and represents a successful application case of engineered E. coli biofilm to industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peifang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xun Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Lim YH, Foo HL, Loh TC, Mohamad R, Abdul Rahim R, Idrus Z. Optimized medium via statistical approach enhanced threonine production by Pediococcus pentosaceus TL-3 isolated from Malaysian food. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:125. [PMID: 31331395 PMCID: PMC6643317 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Threonine is an essential amino acid that is extensively used in livestock industry as feed supplement due to its pronounced effect in improving the growth performance of animals. Application of genetically engineered bacteria for amino acid production has its share of controversies after eosinophils myalgia syndrome outbreak in 1980s. This has urged for continuous search for a food grade producer as a safer alternative for industrial amino acid production. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) appear as an exceptional candidate owing to their non-pathogenic nature and reputation of Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status. Recently, we have identified a LAB, Pediococcus pentosaceus TL-3, isolated from Malaysian food as a potential threonine producer. Thus, the objective of this study was to enhance the threonine production by P. pentosaceus TL-3 via optimized medium developed by using Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD). RESULTS Molasses, meat extract, (NH4)2SO4, and MnSO4 were identified as the main medium components for threonine production by P. pentosaceus TL-3. The optimum concentration of molasses, meat extract, (NH4)2SO4 and MnSO4 were found to be 30.79 g/L, 25.30 g/L, 8.59 g/L, and 0.098 g/L respectively based on model obtained in CCD with a predicted net threonine production of 123.07 mg/L. The net threonine production by P. pentosaceus TL-3 in the optimized medium was enhanced approximately 2 folds compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS This study has revealed the potential of P. pentosaceus TL-3 as a safer alternative to produce threonine. Additionally, the current study has identified the key medium components affecting the production of threonine by P. pentosaceus TL-3, followed by optimization of their concentrations by means of statistical approach. The findings of this study could act as a guideline for the future exploration of amino acid production by LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Heng Lim
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wang J, Ma W, Fang Y, Yang J, Zhan J, Chen S, Wang X. Increasing L-threonine production in Escherichia coli by overexpressing the gene cluster phaCAB. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1557-1568. [PMID: 31312942 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
L-Threonine is an important branched-chain amino acid and could be applied in feed, drugs, and food. In this study, L-threonine production in an L-threonine-producing Escherichia coli strain TWF001 was significantly increased by overexpressing the gene cluster phaCAB from Ralstonia eutropha. TWF001/pFW01-phaCAB could produce 96.4-g/L L-threonine in 3-L fermenter and 133.5-g/L L-threonine in 10-L fermenter, respectively. In addition, TWF001/pFW01-phaCAB produced 216% more acetyl-CoA, 43% more malate, and much less acetate than the vector control TWF001/pFW01, and meanwhile, TWF001/pFW01-phaCAB produced poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, while TWF001/pFW01 did not. Transcription analysis showed that the key genes in the L-threonine biosynthetic pathway were up-regulated, the genes relevant to the acetate formation were down-regulated, and the gene acs encoding the enzyme which converts acetate to acetyl-CoA was up-regulated. The results suggested that overexpression of the gene cluster phaCAB in E. coli benefits the enhancement of L-threonine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jie Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Shangwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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10
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Li B, Tang W, Yuan A, Jin G. Pressure relief-dipping-microwave assisted polymerization of melamine-l-aspartic acid resin at activated carbon for purification of l-threonine fermented crude product. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Su Y, Guo QQ, Wang S, Zhang X, Wang J. Effects of betaine supplementation on L-threonine fed-batch fermentation by Escherichia coli. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1509-1518. [PMID: 30062600 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Betaine can act as a stress protectant, methyl donor, or enzyme stabilizer in vitro for the biosynthesis of structurally complex compounds. The performances of betaine type and concentration on the metabolic processes of Escherichia coli JLTHR in a 5-L fermentor were investigated. The results showed that the maximum L-threonine production of 127.3 g/L and glucose conversion percentage of 58.12% was obtained fed with the glucose solution containing 2 g/L betaine hydrochloride, which increased by 14.5 and 6.87% more compared to that of the control, respectively. This study presents an analysis of the metabolic fluxes of E. coli JLTHR for the production of L-threonine with betaine supplementation. When betaine was fed into the fermentation culture medium, the metabolic flux entering into the pentose phosphate pathway (HMP) and biosynthesis route of L-threonine increased by 57.3 and 10.1%, respectively. In conclusion, exogenous addition of betaine was validated to be a feasible and efficacious approach to improve L-threonine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Su
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qun-Qun Guo
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sen Wang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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12
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Zhao H, Fang Y, Wang X, Zhao L, Wang J, Li Y. Increasing L-threonine production in Escherichia coli by engineering the glyoxylate shunt and the L-threonine biosynthesis pathway. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5505-5518. [PMID: 29713792 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
L-threonine is an important amino acid that can be added in food, medicine, or feed. Here, the influence of glyoxylate shunt on an L-threonine producing strain Escherichia coli TWF001 has been studied. The gene iclR was deleted, and the native promoter of the aceBA operon was replaced by the trc promoter in the chromosome of TWF001, the resulting strainTWF004 could produce 0.39 g L-threonine from1 g glucose after 36-h flask cultivation. Further replacing the native promoter of aspC by the trc promoter in the chromosome of TWF004 resulted in the strain TWF006. TWF006 could produce 0.42 g L-threonine from 1 g glucose after 36-h flask cultivation. Three key genes in the biosynthetic pathway of L-threonine, thrA * (a mutated thrA), thrB, and thrC were overexpressed in TWF006, resulting the strain TWF006/pFW01-thrA * BC. TWF006/pFW01-thrA * BC could produce 0.49 g L-threonine from 1 g glucose after 36-h flask cultivation. Next, the genes asd, rhtA, rhtC, or thrE were inserted into the plasmid TWF006/pFW01-thrA * BC, and TWF006 was transformed with these plasmids, resulting the strains TWF006/pFW01-thrA * BC-asd, TWF006/pFW01-thrA * BC-rhtA, TWF006/pFW01-thrA * BC-rhtC, and TWF006/pFW01-thrA * BC-thrE, respectively. These four strains could produce more L-threonine than the control strain, and the highest yield was produced by TWF006/pFW01-thrA * BC-asd; after 36-h flask cultivation, TWF006/pFW01-thrA * BC-asd could produce 15.85 g/l L-threonine, i.e., 0.53 g L-threonine per 1 g glucose, which is a 70% increase relative to the control strain TWF001. The results suggested that the combined engineering of glyoxylate shunt and L-threonine biosynthesis pathway could significantly increase the L-threonine production in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
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13
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Chen X, Gao C, Guo L, Hu G, Luo Q, Liu J, Nielsen J, Chen J, Liu L. DCEO Biotechnology: Tools To Design, Construct, Evaluate, and Optimize the Metabolic Pathway for Biosynthesis of Chemicals. Chem Rev 2017; 118:4-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulai Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cong Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liang Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guipeng Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiuling Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
- Novo
Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jian Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Department
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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14
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Xu C, Xue S, Wang P, Wu C, Wu Y. Diffusion dialysis for NaCl and NaAc recovery using polyelectrolyte complexes/PVA membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Liu Y, Li F, Zhang X, Cao G, Jiang W, Sun Y, Zheng P, Zhang D. A fast and sensitive coupled enzyme assay for the measurement of l-threonine and application to high-throughput screening of threonine-overproducing strains. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 67:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Wang J, Cheng LK, Chen N. High-level production of L-threonine by recombinant Escherichia coli with combined feeding strategies. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:495-501. [PMID: 26019535 PMCID: PMC4433798 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.927682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of L-threonine production using Escherichia coli TRFC was investigated, and the result showed that there was a large amount of acetic acid in the broth. The effects of acetic acid, which is a known inhibitory metabolite in E. coli cultivation, on L-threonine production by recombinant E. coli TRFC were evaluated, and the result indicated that the growth of E. coli TRFC and L-threonine formation were significantly inhibited in the presence of acetic acid. Two combined feeding strategies were applied to L-threonine fed-batch fermentation in order to investigate the effects of the feeding strategy on L-threonine fermentation. The results showed that using the combined feeding strategy of pseudo-exponential feeding and glucose-stat feeding resulted in high cell density (36.67 g L−1) and L-threonine production (124.57 g L−1) as well as low accumulation of by-products. This work provides a useful approach for large-scale production of L-threonine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Jilin University , Changchun , P.R. China
| | - Li-Kun Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , P.R. China
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17
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Yuzbashev TV, Vybornaya TV, Larina AS, Gvilava IT, Voyushina NE, Mokrova SS, Yuzbasheva EY, Manukhov IV, Sineoky SP, Debabov VG. Directed modification of Escherichia coli metabolism for the design of threonine-producing strains. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683813090056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Liu S, Liang Y, Liu Q, Tao T, Lai S, Chen N, Wen T. Development of a two-stage feeding strategy based on the kind and level of feeding nutrients for improving fed-batch production of l-threonine by Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:573-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Here we report the draft annotated genome sequence of
Escherichia coli
XH140A, which is used to produce
l
-threonine in industry. The genome sequence will allow the characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying its beneficial properties.
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20
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Abstract
As a new biomaterial, recombinant spider silk protein has attracted much attention in tissue engineering. The pNSR-16/ BL21(DE3)pLysS strains fermented and produced the recombinant spider silk protein, which was then cast into scaffolds. NIH-3T3 cells were cultivated with extractions of the scaffolds in vitro. The cytotoxicity of scaffolds was analyzed with a MTT assay. The performances of cells adhesion, growth and expression on the scaffolds were observed with SEM, HE staining and immunohistochemistry. Compared with the control, the extract fluid of materials culturing the NIH-3T3 cells was not apparently different. NIH-3T3 cells could adhere and grow on the scaffolds and secret FGF-2. The pNSR-16 recombinant spider silk protein scaffolds has satisfactory cytocompatibility and the scaffolds are ideal scaffold material for tissue engineering.
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21
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Park JH, Lee SY. Metabolic pathways and fermentative production of L-aspartate family amino acids. Biotechnol J 2010; 5:560-77. [PMID: 20518059 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The L-aspartate family amino acids (AFAAs), L-threonine, L-lysine, L-methionine and L-isoleucine have recently been of much interest due to their wide spectrum of applications including food additives, components of cosmetics and therapeutic agents, and animal feed additives. Among them, L-threonine, L-lysine and L-methionine are three major amino acids produced currently throughout the world. Recent advances in systems metabolic engineering, which combine various high-throughput omics technologies and computational analysis, are now facilitating development of microbial strains efficiently producing AFAAs. Thus, a thorough understanding of the metabolic and regulatory mechanisms of the biosynthesis of these amino acids is urgently needed for designing system-wide metabolic engineering strategies. Here we review the details of AFAA biosynthetic pathways, regulations involved, and export and transport systems, and provide general strategies for successful metabolic engineering along with relevant examples. Finally, perspectives of systems metabolic engineering for developing AFAA overproducers are suggested with selected exemplary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hwan Park
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, and Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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22
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Oxygen transfer rate control in the production of human-like collagen by recombinantEscherichia coli. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2010; 55:169-74. [DOI: 10.1042/ba20090314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Lee SY, Park JH. Integration of systems biology with bioprocess engineering: L: -threonine production by systems metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 120:1-19. [PMID: 20140658 DOI: 10.1007/10_2009_57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Random mutation and selection or targeted metabolic engineering without consideration of its impact on the entire metabolic and regulatory networks can unintentionally cause genetic alterations in the region, which is not directly related to the target metabolite. This is one of the reasons why strategies for developing industrial strains are now shifted towards targeted metabolic engineering based on systems biology, which is termed systems metabolic engineering. Using systems metabolic engineering strategies, all the metabolic engineering works are conducted in systems biology framework, whereby entire metabolic and regulatory networks are thoroughly considered in an integrated manner. The targets for purposeful engineering are selected after all possible effects on the entire metabolic and regulatory networks are thoroughly considered. Finally, the strain, which is capable of producing the target metabolite to a high level close to the theoretical maximum value, can be constructed. Here we review strategies and applications of systems biology successfully implemented on bioprocess engineering, with particular focus on developing L: -threonine production strains of Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 program), Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea,
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Chen N, Du J, Liu H, Xu Q. Elementary mode analysis and metabolic flux analysis of L-glutamate biosynthesis byCorynebacterium glutamicum. ANN MICROBIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03178334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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25
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Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for the Biosynthesis of l-Threonine by Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 158:595-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Lu X, Vora H, Khosla C. Overproduction of free fatty acids in E. coli: implications for biodiesel production. Metab Eng 2008; 10:333-9. [PMID: 18812230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Whereas microbial fermentation processes for producing ethanol and related alcohol biofuels are well established, biodiesel (methyl esters of fatty acids) is exclusively derived from plant oils. Slow cycle times for engineering oilseed metabolism and the excessive accumulation of glycerol as a byproduct are two major drawbacks of deriving biodiesel from plants. Although most bacteria produce fatty acids as cell envelope precursors, the biosynthesis of fatty acids is tightly regulated at multiple levels. By introducing four distinct genetic changes into the E. coli genome, we have engineered an efficient producer of fatty acids. Under fed-batch, defined media fermentation conditions, 2.5 g/L fatty acids were produced by this metabolically engineered E. coli strain, with a specific productivity of 0.024 g/h/g dry cell mass and a peak conversion efficiency of 4.8% of the carbon source into fatty acid products. At least 50% of the fatty acids produced were present in the free acid form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, USA
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