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Kislitsin VY, Chulkin AM, Dotsenko AS, Sinelnikov IG, Sinitsyn AP, Rozhkova AM. The role of intracellular β-glucosidase in cellulolytic response induction in filamentous fungus Penicillium verruculosum. Res Microbiol 2024; 175:104178. [PMID: 38160731 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing was used to knockout the bgl2 gene encoding intracellular β-glucosidase filamentous fungus Penicillium verruculosum. This resulted in a dramatic reduction of secretion of cellulolytic enzymes. The study of P. verruculosum Δbgl2 found that the transcription of the cbh1 gene, which encodes cellobiohydrolase 1, was impaired when induced by cellobiose and cellotriose. However, the transcription of the cbh1 gene remains at level of the host strain when induced by gentiobiose. This implies that gentiobiose is the true inducer of the cellulolytic response in P. verruculosum, in contrast to Neurospora crassa where cellobiose acts as an inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Yu Kislitsin
- FSI Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Andrey M Chulkin
- FSI Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Anna S Dotsenko
- FSI Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Igor G Sinelnikov
- FSI Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Arkady P Sinitsyn
- FSI Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra M Rozhkova
- FSI Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
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2
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Hasanin MS, Abd El-Aziz ME, El-Nagar I, Hassan YR, Youssef AM. Green enhancement of wood plastic composite based on agriculture wastes compatibility via fungal enzymes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19197. [PMID: 36357465 PMCID: PMC9649651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study deals with the production of natural fiber plastic composites (NFPCs) to reduce environmental pollution with agricultural and plastic waste. Where the NFPCs were prepared from waste/pure polyethylene (WPE) (pure polyethylene (50%)/recycled polyethylene (50%)) and modified sunflower waste via an eco-friendly and economic biological process. The sunflower fibers (SF) were treated via whole selective fungal isolate, namely, Rhizopus oryzae (acc no. OM912662) using two different incubation conditions; submerged (Sub), and solid-state fermentation (SSF) to enhance the fibers' compatibility with WPE. The treated and untreated fibers were added to WPE with various concentrations (10 and 20 wt%). The morphology and structure of fibers were characterised by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). Furthermore, the mechanical properties, morphology, biodegradation and water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) for the prepared NFPCs were investigated. The results showed that compatibility, mechanical properties and biodegradation of NFPCs were improved by the addition of sunflower fibers treated by SSF conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Hasanin
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E. Abd El-Aziz
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Islam El-Nagar
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Youssef R. Hassan
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Youssef
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
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Ma X, Gao M, Li Y, Wang Q, Sun X. Production of cellulase by Aspergillus niger through fermentation of spent mushroom substance: Glucose inhibition and elimination approaches. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Hasanin MS, Hashem AH, Abu Hashish HM, Abdelraof M. A novel pressed coal from citrus and cooking oil wastes using fungi. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:95. [PMID: 38647781 PMCID: PMC10992033 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays renewable energy with low prices is a global target that has taken the attention to compare alternatives energy sources with fossil fuels. Therefore, this study was established to find suitable and sustainable alternative low-cost fuels source. Cooking oil waste (COW) was mixed with non-pretreated citrus tree fibers (CTF) (0.5 mL to 1 g ratio) and pressed to formulate coal (CTF/COW). Otherwise, this mixture was subjected to in situ fungal pretreated using Aspergillus flavus isolate to simplify the mixture composition and pressed to offer in a usable form with enhancing their heating value for the first time. CTF/COW was characterized using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermal analysis (TGA) before and after treatment. The fungal isolate was observed with enzyme productivity and activity of CMCase, avicelase, xylanase, mannanase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, lignin peroxidase and lipase according to enzyme assays and the chemical compositions of CTF before and after fungal treatment, where the best PH for enzymes extraction was between 5 and 7. The fungal enzymes increased the heating value by about two and half folds in comparison with non-pretreated coal. Moreover, the calorific value of tCTF/COW was 43,422 kJ/kg, which was higher than CTF recorded 18,214 kJ/kg and COW recorded 39,823 kJ/kg. Our result suggests that fungal treatment of the mixture of citrus trees and cooking oil waste presents as a promising low-cost and eco-friendly coal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Hasanin
- Cellulose & Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amr H Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Hassan M Abu Hashish
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelraof
- Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
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Gila BC, Antal K, Birkó Z, Keserű JS, Pócsi I, Emri T. Strategies Shaping the Transcription of Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme Genes in Aspergillus nidulans. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8010079. [PMID: 35050018 PMCID: PMC8780418 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the coordinated regulation of the hundreds of carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes occurring in the genomes of fungi has great practical importance. We recorded genome-wide transcriptional changes of Aspergillus nidulans cultivated on glucose, lactose, or arabinogalactan, as well as under carbon-starved conditions. We determined both carbon-stress-specific changes (weak or no carbon source vs. glucose) and carbon-source-specific changes (one type of culture vs. all other cultures). Many CAZyme genes showed carbon-stress-specific and/or carbon-source-specific upregulation on arabinogalactan (138 and 62 genes, respectively). Besides galactosidase and arabinan-degrading enzyme genes, enrichment of cellulolytic, pectinolytic, mannan, and xylan-degrading enzyme genes was observed. Fewer upregulated genes, 81 and 107 carbon stress specific, and 6 and 16 carbon source specific, were found on lactose and in carbon-starved cultures, respectively. They were enriched only in galactosidase and xylosidase genes on lactose and rhamnogalacturonanase genes in both cultures. Some CAZyme genes (29 genes) showed carbon-source-specific upregulation on glucose, and they were enriched in β-1,4-glucanase genes. The behavioral ecological background of these characteristics was evaluated to comprehensively organize our knowledge on CAZyme production, which can lead to developing new strategies to produce enzymes for plant cell wall saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabás Cs. Gila
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.C.G.); (I.P.)
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Károly Antal
- Department of Zoology, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eszterházy tér 1, 3300 Eger, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Birkó
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Judit Sz. Keserű
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.C.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.C.G.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Laothanachareon T, Bunterngsook B, Champreda V. Profiling multi-enzyme activities of Aspergillus niger strains growing on various agro-industrial residues. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:17. [PMID: 34926121 PMCID: PMC8671598 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial wastes provide potential sources of carbon for production of fungal enzymes applied for various biotechnological applications. In this study, 23 strains of Aspergillus niger were systematically investigated for their capability on production of carbohydrate-processing enzymes used in industries. The strains were grown on glucose or selected agricultural wastes comprising varied chemical compositions as the sole carbon source. As a control, glucose induced basal activities of amylase, pectinase, and xylanase in only a few strains, while the CMCase, β-glucanase, and invertase activities were detected only when the carbon source was switched to the agro-industrial biomass. According to one-way ANOVA analysis, banana peels containing lignocellulosic components with high pectin and starch contents with its easily digestible nature, were found to be the best carbon source for inducing production of most target enzymes, while the cellulose-rich sugarcane bagasse efficiently promoted maximal levels of β-glucanase and xylanase activities. The starch fiber-rich cassava pulp also effectively supported the activities of amylase and most other enzymes, but at relatively lower levels compared to those obtained with banana peel. The A. niger TL11 strain was considered the most potent strain for production of all target enzymes with the CMCase, xylanase, pectinase, β-glucanase, amylase, and invertase activities of 76.15, 601.59, 160.89, 409.20, 426.73, and 1186.94 U/mL, respectively. The results provide insights into the efficiency of various carbon sources with different chemical compositions on inducing the target enzymes as well as the dissimilarity of A. niger strains on the production of different carbohydrate-processing enzymes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03086-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaporn Laothanachareon
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biorefinery and Bioproduct Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, 12120 Pathumthani Thailand
| | - Benjarat Bunterngsook
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biorefinery and Bioproduct Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, 12120 Pathumthani Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biorefinery and Bioproduct Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, 12120 Pathumthani Thailand
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Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Yang J, Guo J, Li J. Talaromyces cellulolyticus as a promising candidate for biofilm construction and treatment of textile wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125718. [PMID: 34388660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Screening of microorganisms with broad-spectrum adaptability to extreme acid-base conditions and highperformance is essential for the construction of high-efficient biochemical wastewater treatment system. Herein, an acid-tolerant fungus isolated from acid medium was successfully identified through micromorphological observation and molecular characterization. The isolated fungus matched well with the filamentous fungus and was eventually identified as Talaromyces cellulolyticus. Considering the wide-range adaptability to pH condition (2.0-9.0), high cellulase activity (11.25 U mL-1), ideal biofilm-forming property (17.87 mg cm-3) on the surface of ceramsites, high tolerance to metal ions, and potential adsorption performance for aniline dyes, T. cellulolyticus issuitable for the construction of biofilm treatment system and treatment of textile wastewater based on the investigation of the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand and chromaticity of the synthetic textile wastewater. A promising candidate filamentous fungus for the treatment of textile wastewater was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, China
| | - Junping Guo
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, China
| | - Jingping Li
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Najjarzadeh N, Matsakas L, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. How Carbon Source and Degree of Oligosaccharide Polymerization Affect Production of Cellulase-Degrading Enzymes by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:652655. [PMID: 33841380 PMCID: PMC8032549 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.652655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulases are a group of enzymes responsible for the degradation of cellulose, which is one of the most abundant polymers on Earth. The three main groups of cellulases are endoglucosidases, exoglucosidases, and β-glucosidases; however, the mechanism of induction of these enzymes remains poorly characterized. Cellooligosaccharides are among the main inducers of these enzymes in filamentous fungi, yet it is not clear how their degree of polymerization may affect the strength of induction. In the present study, we investigated the effect of different carbohydrate-based inducers, such as lactose, sophorose, cellooligosaccharides, and xylooligosacharides, characterized by different concentrations and degree of polymerization, on cellulases production by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, which is one of the most studied lignocellulose degrading fungi with the ability to consume both cellulose and hemicellulose. Moreover, the effect of carbon source on cellulase induction was assessed by growing the biomass on sucrose or glycerol. Results showed a correlation between induction efficiency and the cellooligosaccharides' concentration and size, as well as the carbon source available. Specifically, cellotetraose was a better inducer when sucrose was the carbon source, while cellobiose yielded a better result on glycerol. These findings can help optimize industrial cellulase production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Banerjee S, Maiti TK, Roy RN. Production, purification, and characterization of cellulase from Acinetobacter junii GAC 16.2, a novel cellulolytic gut isolate of Gryllotalpa africana, and its effects on cotton fiber and sawdust. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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10
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The Putative Transcription Factor Gene thaB Regulates Cellulase and Xylanase Production at the Enzymatic and Transcriptional Level in the Fungus Talaromyces cellulolyticus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:1360-1370. [PMID: 31773396 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Talaromyces cellulolyticus is a promising strain for industrial cellulase production. In this study, the thaB gene, which is a homologue of the hap2/B gene in other filamentous fungi, was isolated and characterized. When grown in the presence of cellulose, culture supernatants of a thaB-disrupted strain (YDTha) exhibited decreased cellulase and xylanase enzymatic activities compared to the control strain. Furthermore, YDTha exhibited lower expression of the genes encoding cellulases and xylanases compared to the control strain. When cellobiose and lactose (soluble carbon sources) were used as carbon sources, the expression of the genes encoding cellulases and xylanases was decreased in both the YDTha and the control strains, though the expression levels in YDTha remained lower than those in the control strain. These results suggested that thaB has a positive role in cellulase and xylanase production in T. cellulolyticus.
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Wang F, Zhang R, Han L, Guo W, Du Z, Niu K, Liu Y, Jia C, Fang X. Use of fusion transcription factors to reprogram cellulase transcription and enable efficient cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:244. [PMID: 31636703 PMCID: PMC6792246 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is widely used for cellulase production and accepted as an example for cellulase research. Cre1-mediated carbon catabolite repression (CCR) can significantly inhibit the transcription of cellulase genes during cellulase fermentation in T. reesei. Early efforts have been undertaken to modify Cre1 for the release of CCR; however, this approach leads to arrested hyphal growth and decreased biomass accumulation, which negatively affects cellulase production. RESULTS In this study, novel fusion transcription factors (fTFs) were designed to release or attenuate CCR inhibition in cellulase transcription, while Cre1 was left intact to maintain normal hyphal growth. Four designed fTFs were introduced into the T. reesei genome, which generated several transformants, named Kuace3, Kuclr2, Kuace2, and Kuxyr1. No obvious differences in growth were observed between the parent and transformant strains. However, the transcription levels of cel7a, a major cellulase gene, were significantly elevated in all the transformants, particularly in Kuace2 and Kuxyr1, when grown on lactose as a carbon source. This suggested that CCR inhibition was released or attenuated in the transformant strains. The growth of Kuace2 and Kuxyr1 was approximately equivalent to that of the parent strain in fed-batch fermentation process. However, we observed a 3.2- and 2.1-fold increase in the pNPCase titers of the Kuace2 and Kuxyr1 strains, respectively, compared with that of the parent strain. Moreover, we observed a 6.1- and 3.9-fold increase in the pNPCase titers of the Kuace2 and Kuxyr1 strains, respectively, compared with that of Δcre1 strain. CONCLUSIONS A new strategy based on fTFs was successfully established in T. reesei to improve cellulase titers without impairing fungal growth. This study will be valuable for lignocellulosic biorefining and for guiding the development of engineering strategies for producing other important biochemical compounds in fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Lijuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Kangle Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Yucui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Chunjiang Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Xu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
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Champreda V, Mhuantong W, Lekakarn H, Bunterngsook B, Kanokratana P, Zhao XQ, Zhang F, Inoue H, Fujii T, Eurwilaichitr L. Designing cellulolytic enzyme systems for biorefinery: From nature to application. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:637-654. [PMID: 31204199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellulolytic enzymes play a key role on conversion of lignocellulosic plant biomass to biofuels and biochemicals in sugar platform biorefineries. In this review, we survey composite carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) among groups of cellulolytic fungi and bacteria that exist under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Recent advances in designing effective cellulase mixtures are described, starting from the most complex microbial consortium-based enzyme preparations, to single-origin enzymes derived from intensively studied cellulase producers such as Trichoderma reesei, Talaromyces cellulolyticus, and Penicellium funiculosum, and the simplest minimal enzyme systems comprising selected sets of mono-component enzymes tailor-made for specific lignocellulosic substrates. We provide a comprehensive update on studies in developing high-performance cellulases for biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verawat Champreda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Wuttichai Mhuantong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Hataikarn Lekakarn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Benjarat Bunterngsook
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pattanop Kanokratana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Xin-Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Lily Eurwilaichitr
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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13
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Xia Y, Yang L, Xia L. Preparation of a novel soluble inducer by cellobiase-release microcapsules and its application in cellulase production. J Biotechnol 2018; 279:22-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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14
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Quantitative multiplexed profiling of Penicillium funiculosum secretome grown on polymeric cellulase inducers and glucose. J Proteomics 2018; 179:150-160. [PMID: 29597011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi respond to the need to secure utilisable carbon from their growth milieu by secreting unique extracellular proteins depending upon the types of polymeric substrates. We have here profiled the variations in the secretome pattern of a non-model hypercellulolytic fungus - Penicillium funiculosum, grown in minimal media containing four different polymeric cellulase inducers, i.e., Avicel, wheat bran, ammonium-pretreated wheat straw and Avicel & wheat bran, and glucose over its early and late log phases of growth. Of the 137 secreted proteins validated at 1% FDR, we identified the quantified proteins in three clusters as early, persistently or lately expressed. The type of carbon substrate present in the culture media significantly affected the levels of cellulolytic enzymes expression by the fungus. The top abundant proteins quantified in the secretome for Avicel and wheat bran were cellobiohydrolaseI [GH7-CBM1], cellobiohydrolaseII [GH6-CBM1], β-glucosidase [GH3], arabinofuranosidase [GH51] and β-xylosidase [GH3], with bicupin being highest in case of wheat straw. Our results further suggested that the fungus secreted the extracellular proteins in waves, such that the initial responders act to hydrolyse the composite substrates in the culture environment before the second wave of proteins which tend to be more tailored to the specific substrate in the cultivating media. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this article, we have comprehensively examined the dynamics of the secretome of a non-model hypercellulolytic fungus produced in response to model and composite cellulase inducers. Our study has provided additional insights into how the fungus enzyme machinery responds to the presence of different polymeric cellulase inducers over the two different growth phases (early growth and late growth phase). The comprehensive typing and quantification of the different proteins present in the secretomes of the cellulolytic fungal strains in response to diverse nutrient sources hold many prospects in understanding the fungus unique enzyme machinery and dynamics for the downstream biotechnological applications.
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Saini A, Aggarwal NK, Yadav A. Cost-effective cellulase production using Parthenium hysterophorus biomass as an unconventional lignocellulosic substrate. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:12. [PMID: 28391474 PMCID: PMC5385179 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of untreated Parthenium hysterophorus weed biomass was evaluated as a substrate for cellulase production. The cellulose in the biomass was used as the main source of carbon. Solid-state fermentation was carried out using Trichoderma reesei, and optimization of cultural conditions was done for maximization of cellulase production. The results revealed that highest cellulase production was achieved on the 8th day of incubation, at 30 °C, keeping solid-to-liquid ratio 1:2 when two discs of inoculum were used per gram of the substrate. The optimized inoculum age was 96 h for CMCase and 120 h for FPase. On studying the enhancing effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources, lactose and ammonium molybdate were found suitable, respectively. The optimized concentration of lactose for the highest CMCase and FPase activities was 1.5 and 1%, respectively. Ammonium molybdate was best at 1% concentration for both CMCase and FPase. Maximum CMCase and FPase activities obtained were 20.49 and 2.42 U/gds, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Saini
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Neeraj K Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India.
| | - Anita Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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16
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Zhang XY, Zi LH, Ge XM, Li YH, Liu CG, Bai FW. Development of Trichoderma reesei mutants by combined mutagenesis and induction of cellulase by low-cost corn starch hydrolysate. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Wanmolee W, Sornlake W, Rattanaphan N, Suwannarangsee S, Laosiripojana N, Champreda V. Biochemical characterization and synergism of cellulolytic enzyme system from Chaetomium globosum on rice straw saccharification. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:82. [PMID: 27871321 PMCID: PMC5117696 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efficient hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials to sugars for conversion to biofuels and chemicals is a key step in biorefinery. Designing an active saccharifying enzyme system with synergy among their components is considered a promising approach. Results In this study, a lignocellulose-degrading enzyme system of Chaetomium globosum BCC5776 (CG-Cel) was characterized for its activity and proteomic profiles, and synergism with accessory enzymes. The highest cellulase productivity of 0.40 FPU/mL was found for CG-Cel under the optimized submerged fermentation conditions on 1% (w/v) EPFB (empty palm fruit bunch), 2% microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel®) and 1% soybean meal (SBM) at 30 °C, pH 5.8 for 6 d. CG-Cel worked optimally at 50–60 °C in an acidic pH range. Proteomics analysis by LC/MS/MS revealed a complex enzyme system composed of core cellulases and accessory hydrolytic/non-hydrolytic enzymes attacking plant biopolymers. A synergistic enzyme system comprising the CG-Cel, a β-glucosidase (Novozyme® 188) and a hemicellulase Accellerase® XY was optimized on saccharification of alkaline-pretreated rice straw by a mixture design approach. Applying a full cubic model, the optimal ratio of ternary enzyme mixture containing CG-Cel: Novozyme® 188: Accellerase® XY of 44.4:20.6:35.0 showed synergistic enhancement on reducing sugar yield with a glucose releasing efficiency of 256.4 mg/FPU, equivalent to a 2.9 times compared with that from CG-Cel alone. Conclusions The work showed an approach for developing an active synergistic enzyme system based on the newly characterized C. globosum for lignocellulose saccharification and modification in bio-industries. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0312-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwitoo Wanmolee
- The Joint Graduate School for Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachauthit Road, Bangmod, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Warasirin Sornlake
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nakul Rattanaphan
- Bioprocess Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Surisa Suwannarangsee
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Navadol Laosiripojana
- The Joint Graduate School for Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachauthit Road, Bangmod, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.,BIOTEC-JGSEE Integrative Biorefinery Laboratory, Innovation Cluster 2 Building, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. .,BIOTEC-JGSEE Integrative Biorefinery Laboratory, Innovation Cluster 2 Building, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
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Zhang X, Gao Y, Yin Y, Cai M, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Effective pH pretreatment and cell disruption method for real-time intracellular enzyme activity assay of a marine fungus covered with pigments. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 47:211-217. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1201682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Gao
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yin
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghao Cai
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, Shanghai, China
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Okuda N, Fujii T, Inoue H, Ishikawa K, Hoshino T. Enhancing cellulase production by overexpression of xylanase regulator protein gene, xlnR, in Talaromyces cellulolyticus cellulase hyperproducing mutant strain. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2065-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1189315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We obtained strains with the xylanase regulator gene, xlnR, overexpressed (HXlnR) and disrupted (DXlnR) derived from Talaromyces cellulolyticus strain C-1, which is a cellulase hyperproducing mutant. Filter paper degrading enzyme activity and cellobiohydrolase I gene expression was the highest in HXlnR, followed by C-1 and DXlnR. These results indicate that the enhancement of cellulase productivity was succeeded by xlnR overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Okuda
- Sugar & Bio Technology Department, Tsukishima Kikai Co Ltd, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishikawa
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Hoshino
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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20
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Kiesenhofer D, Mach-Aigner AR, Mach RL. Understanding the Mechanism of Carbon Catabolite Repression to Increase Protein Production in Filamentous Fungi. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27951-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Nogueira KMV, Costa MDN, de Paula RG, Mendonça-Natividade FC, Ricci-Azevedo R, Silva RN. Evidence of cAMP involvement in cellobiohydrolase expression and secretion by Trichoderma reesei in presence of the inducer sophorose. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:195. [PMID: 26424592 PMCID: PMC4590280 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0536-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The signaling second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) regulates many aspects of cellular function in all organisms. Previous studies have suggested a role for cAMP in the regulation of gene expression of cellulolytic enzymes in Trichoderma reesei (anamorph of Hypocrea jecorina). Methods The effects of cAMP in T. reesei were analyzed through both activity and expression of cellulase, intracellular cAMP level measurement, western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Results To elucidate the involvement of cAMP in the cellulase expression, we analyzed the growth of the mutant strain ∆acy1 and its parental strain QM9414 in the presence of the inducers cellulose, cellobiose, lactose, or sophorose, and the repressor glucose. Our results indicated that cAMP regulates the expression of cellulase in a carbon source-dependent manner. The expression cel7a, and cel6a genes was higher in the presence of sophorose than in the presence of cellulose, lactose, cellobiose, or glucose. Moreover, intracellular levels of cAMP were up to four times higher in the presence of sophorose compared to other carbon sources. Concomitantly, our immunofluorescence microscopy and western blot data suggest that in the presence of sophorose, cAMP may regulate secretion of cellulolytic enzymes in T. reesei. Conclusions These results allow us to better understand the role of cAMP and expand our knowledge on the signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of cellulase expression in T. reesei. Finally, our data may help develop new strategies to improve the expression of cel7a and cel6a genes, and therefore, favor their application in several biotechnology fields. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0536-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Maria Vieira Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana do Nascimento Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renato Graciano de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Costa Mendonça-Natividade
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Ricci-Azevedo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Nascimento Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Li S, Tang B, Xu Z, Chen T, Liu L. Fermentation Optimization and Unstructured Kinetic Model for Cellulase Production by Rhizopus stolonifer var. reflexus TP-02 on Agriculture By-Products. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:1589-606. [PMID: 26400494 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural by-products, rice straw, wheat bran juice, and soybean residue, were used as substrates for cellulase production using Rhizopus stolonifer var. reflexus TP-02. The culture medium was optimized though uniform design experimentation during shaking flask fermentation, and the ideal formulation obtained for filter paper enzyme (FPase) production was 10 % bran diffusion juice, 1 % rice straw, 0.17 % urea, 0.17 % soybean residue, 0.11 % KH2PO4, and 0.027 % Tween 80, and the maximal FPase activity in the culture supernatant was 13.16 U/mL at an incubation time of 3 days. A kinetic model for cellulase production in batch fermentation was subsequently developed. The unstructured kinetic model considered three responses, namely biomass, cellulase, and sugar. Models for the production of three types of cellulase components (i.e., endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases, and β-glucosidases) were established to adequately describe the cellulase production pattern. It was found that the models fitted the experimental data well under pH 5.0 and 6.0, but only the avicelase production model predicted the experimental data under pH-uncontrolled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Microorganism Fermentation Engineering and Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Anhui Polytechnic University, Central Beijing Road, Wuhu, 241000, China.,School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Central Beijing Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Microorganism Fermentation Engineering and Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Anhui Polytechnic University, Central Beijing Road, Wuhu, 241000, China. .,School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Central Beijing Road, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Xu
- Microorganism Fermentation Engineering and Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Anhui Polytechnic University, Central Beijing Road, Wuhu, 241000, China.,School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Central Beijing Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Microorganism Fermentation Engineering and Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Anhui Polytechnic University, Central Beijing Road, Wuhu, 241000, China.,School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Central Beijing Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Long Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Hansen GH, Lübeck M, Frisvad JC, Lübeck PS, Andersen B. Production of cellulolytic enzymes from ascomycetes: Comparison of solid state and submerged fermentation. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Avellaneda-Torres LM, Pulido CPG, Rojas ET. Assessment of cellulolytic microorganisms in soils of Nevados Park, Colombia. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 45:1211-20. [PMID: 25763024 PMCID: PMC4323293 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematized survey was conducted to find soil-borne microbes that degrade cellulose in soils from unique ecosystems, such as the Superpáramo, Páramo, and the High Andean Forest in the Nevados National Natural Park (NNNP), Colombia. These high mountain ecosystems represent extreme environments, such as high levels of solar radiation, low atmospheric pressure, and extreme daily changes in temperature. Cellulolytic activity of the microorganisms was evaluated using qualitative tests, such as growth in selective media followed by staining with congo red and iodine, and quantitative tests to determine the activity of endoglucanase, β-glucosidase, exoglucanase, and total cellulase. Microorganisms were identified using molecular markers, such as the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA for fungi. Multivariate statistical analysis (MVA) was used to select microorganisms with high cellulolytic capacity. A total of 108 microorganisms were isolated from the soils and, in general, the enzymatic activities of fungi were higher than those of bacteria. Our results also found that none of the organisms studied were able to degrade all the components of the cellulose and it is therefore suggested that a combination of bacteria and/or fungi with various enzymatic activities be used to obtain high total cellulolytic activity. This study gives an overview of the potential microorganism that could be used for cellulose degradation in various biotechnological applications and for sustainable agricultural waste treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Bacteria/classification
- Bacteria/genetics
- Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Bacteria/metabolism
- Cellulase/analysis
- Cellulose/metabolism
- Colombia
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Helminth/chemistry
- DNA, Helminth/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Fungi/classification
- Fungi/genetics
- Fungi/isolation & purification
- Fungi/metabolism
- Hydrolysis
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Soil Microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Manuela Avellaneda-Torres
- Laboratorio de AgrobiotecnologíaFacultad de AgronomíaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombiaLaboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Centro Colombiano en Genómica y Bioinformática en Ambientes ExtremosBogotáColombiaCentro Colombiano en Genómica y Bioinformática en Ambientes Extremos, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Claudia Patricia Guevara Pulido
- Centro Colombiano en Genómica y Bioinformática en Ambientes ExtremosBogotáColombiaCentro Colombiano en Genómica y Bioinformática en Ambientes Extremos, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Esperanza Torres Rojas
- Laboratorio de AgrobiotecnologíaFacultad de AgronomíaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombiaLaboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Centro Colombiano en Genómica y Bioinformática en Ambientes ExtremosBogotáColombiaCentro Colombiano en Genómica y Bioinformática en Ambientes Extremos, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Decreased Cellulase and Xylanase Production in the Fungus Talaromyces cellulolyticus by Disruption of tacA and tctA Genes, Encoding Putative Zinc Finger Transcriptional Factors. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3218-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kishishita S, Fujii T, Ishikawa K. Heterologous expression of hyperthermophilic cellulases of archaea Pyrococcus sp. by fungus Talaromyces cellulolyticus. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 42:137-41. [PMID: 25387612 PMCID: PMC4282877 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Talaromyces cellulolyticus (formerly known as Acremonium cellulolyticus) is one of the high cellulolytic enzyme-producing fungi. T. cellulolyticus exhibits the potential ability for high amount production of enzyme proteins. Using the homologous expression system under the control of a glucoamylase promoter, some kinds of cellulases of T. cellulolyticus can be expressed by T. cellulolyticus. On the other hand, hyperthermophilic cellulase has been expected to be useful in the industrial applications to biomass. The hyperthermophilic archaea Pyrococcus horikoshii and P. furiosus have GH family 5 and 12 hyperthermophilic endocellulase, respectively. The two kinds of hyperthermophilic endocellulases were successfully produced by T. cellulolyticus using the above expression system under the control of a glucoamylase promoter of T. cellulolyticus. These recombinant cellulases exhibited the same characteristics as those of the recombinant cellulases prepared in E. coli. The productions of the recombinant enzymes were estimated to be over 100 mg/L. In this study, we first report the overexpression of the hyperthermophilic enzymes of archaea using the fungal expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Kishishita
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishikawa
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan
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Huang Y, Jin Y, Shen W, Fang Y, Zhang G, Zhao H. The use of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes from newly isolatedPenicillium ochrochloronBiourge for viscosity reduction in ethanol production with fresh sweet potato tubers as feedstock. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:480-91. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Huang
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Jin
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Fang
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu People's Republic of China
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Cellulase Hyperproducing Mutants Derived from the FungusTrichoderma reeseiQM9414 Produced Large Amounts of Cellulase at the Enzymatic and Transcriptional Levels. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:419-22. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Horta MAC, Vicentini R, Delabona PDS, Laborda P, Crucello A, Freitas S, Kuroshu RM, Polikarpov I, Pradella JGDC, Souza AP. Transcriptome profile of Trichoderma harzianum IOC-3844 induced by sugarcane bagasse. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88689. [PMID: 24558413 PMCID: PMC3928278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Profiling the transcriptome that underlies biomass degradation by the fungus Trichoderma harzianum allows the identification of gene sequences with potential application in enzymatic hydrolysis processing. In the present study, the transcriptome of T. harzianum IOC-3844 was analyzed using RNA-seq technology. The sequencing generated 14.7 Gbp for downstream analyses. De novo assembly resulted in 32,396 contigs, which were submitted for identification and classified according to their identities. This analysis allowed us to define a principal set of T. harzianum genes that are involved in the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose and the accessory genes that are involved in the depolymerization of biomass. An additional analysis of expression levels identified a set of carbohydrate-active enzymes that are upregulated under different conditions. The present study provides valuable information for future studies on biomass degradation and contributes to a better understanding of the role of the genes that are involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renato Vicentini
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila da Silva Delabona
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Brazilian Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Prianda Laborda
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Crucello
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sindélia Freitas
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Brazilian Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Massanobu Kuroshu
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo da Cruz Pradella
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Brazilian Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anete Pereira Souza
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Plant Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Gao MT, Yano S, Minowa T. Characteristics of enzymes from Acremonium cellulolyticus strains and their utilization in the saccharification of potato pulp. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Liao H, Li S, Wei Z, Shen Q, Xu Y. Insights into high-efficiency lignocellulolytic enzyme production by Penicillium oxalicum GZ-2 induced by a complex substrate. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:162. [PMID: 25419234 PMCID: PMC4239378 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agricultural residue is more efficient than purified cellulose at inducing lignocellulolytic enzyme production in Penicillium oxalicum GZ-2, but in Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30, cellulose induces a more efficient response. To understand the reasons, we designed an artificially simulated plant biomass (cellulose plus xylan) to study the roles and relationships of each component in the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by P. oxalicum GZ-2. RESULTS The changes in lignocellulolytic enzyme activity, gene expression involving (hemi)cellulolytic enzymes, and the secretome of cultures grown on Avicel (A), xylan (X), or a mixture of both (AX) were studied. The addition of xylan to the cellulose culture did not affect fungal growth but significantly increased the activity of cellulase and hemicellulase. In the AX treatment, the transcripts of cellulase genes (egl1, egl2, egl3, sow, and cbh2) and hemicellulase genes (xyl3 and xyl4) were significantly upregulated (P <0.05). The proportion of biomass-degrading proteins in the secretome was altered; in particular, the percentage of cellulases and hemicellulases was increased. The percentage of cellulases and hemicellulases in the AX secretome increased from 4.5% and 7.6% to 10.3% and 21.8%, respectively, compared to the secretome of the A treatment. Cellobiohydrolase II (encoded by cbh2) and xylanase II (encoded by xyl2) were the main proteins in the secretome, and their corresponding genes (cbh2 and xyl2) were transcripted at the highest levels among the cellulolytic and xylanolytic genes. Several important proteins such as swollenin, cellobiohydrolase, and endo-beta-1,4-xylanase were only induced by AX. Bray-Curtis similarity indices, a dendrogram analysis, and a diversity index all demonstrated that the secretome produced by P. oxalicum GZ-2 depended on the substrate and that strain GZ-2 directionally adjusted the compositions of lignocellulolytic enzymes in its secretome to preferably degrade a complex substrate. CONCLUSION The addition of xylan to the cellulose medium not only induces more hemicellulases but also strongly activates cellulase production. The proportion of the biomass-degrading proteins in the secretome was altered significantly, with the proportion of cellulases and hemicellulases especially increased. Xylan and cellulose have positively synergistic effects, and they play a key role in the induction of highly efficient lignocellulolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanpeng Liao
- National Enginnering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shuixian Li
- National Enginnering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhong Wei
- National Enginnering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Qirong Shen
- National Enginnering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yangchun Xu
- National Enginnering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Production and secretion of a multifunctional ß-glucosidase by Humicola grisea var. thermoidea: effects of L-sorbose. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Optimization of Endoglucanase and Xylanase Activities from Fusarium verticillioides for Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Sugarcane Bagasse. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:1332-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang F, Liang Y, Wang M, Yang H, Liu K, Zhao Q, Fang X. Functional diversity of the p24γ homologue Erp reveals physiological differences between two filamentous fungi. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 61:15-22. [PMID: 24035805 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The protein hyper-secreting filamentous fungi impact their surrounding environments by secreting cellulases and digesting plant cell wall via microbe-plant interspecies interaction. This process is of paramount importance in biofuel production from the renewable lignocellulosic biomass, because cellulase production is the key factor in cost determination. Despite the importance of protein secretion, p24 protein, a key factor in eukaryotic protein maturation and secretion, was never investigated in filamentous fungi. The erp genes encoding p24γ homologues were identified in Trichoderma reesei and Penicillium decumbens. The roles of Erp and their participated cellular pathways were investigated via disruption of erp, revealing significant differences: sporulation was hampered in T. reesei Δerp but not in P. decumbens Δerp; in both species Erp maintains membrane integrity; Erp is likely involved in hyphae polarity maintenance in T. reesei. Protein- and transcription-level investigations of Erp participation in cellulase production revealed distinct regulatory mechanisms. In T. reesei, cellulase encoding genes were repressed under secretion stress. In contrast, activation of the same genes under the same stress was identified in P. decumbens. These observations revealed a novel cellulase gene regulation mechanism, clearly suggested the different physiological roles of Erp, and further demonstrated the different physiology of T. reesei and P. decumbens, despite above 75% sequence identity between the proteins and the close evolutionary relationship between the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Escamilla-Alvarado C, Poggi-Varaldo HM, Ponce-Noyola MT. Use of organic waste for the production of added-value holocellulases with Cellulomonas flavigena PR-22 and Trichoderma reesei MCG 80. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2013; 31:849-858. [PMID: 23877254 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x13492841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the production of holocellulases from the cellulolytic microorganisms Cellulomonas flavigena PR-22 and Trichoderma reesei MCG 80 using as substrates the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and digestates from a hydrogenogenic-methanogenic bioenergy production process. The first set of experiments (E1) used the mutant actinobacteria C. flavigena PR-22 whereas another set (E2) used the mutant filamentous fungi T. reesei MCG 80. In E1 with OFMSW as substrate, xylanolytic activities ranged from 1800 to 3900 international units g(holocellulose)(-1) (IU g(hol)(-1)), whereas the cellulolytic activities ranged from 220 to 420 IU g(hol)(-1). The variation of agitation speed did not have a significant effect on enzyme activity, whereas the increase of substrate concentration had a significant negative effect on both xylanolytic and cellulolytic activities on a holocellulose feed basis. Regarding E2, the OFMSW was evaluated at 1, 2 and 3 % volatile solids (VS). At 2 % VS the best filter paper activities were 1200 filter paper units (FPU) l(-1); however, in a holocellulase basis the best result was 67 FPU g(hol)(-1), corresponding to 1 % VS. Next, OFMSW was compared with OFMSW supplemented with lactose, digested solids from hydrogenogenic fermentation (D1) and digested solids from a two-stage process (D2). Against expectations, no positive effect was found in OFMSW due to lactose. The best enzymatic titres were in the order D1 > OFMSW ≈ OFMSW + lactose > D2. The use of digestates from hydrogenogenic fermentation for enzyme production holds promise for waste management. It promotes energy and added-value bioproduct generation-a green alternative to common practice of management and disposal of organic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Escamilla-Alvarado
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico DF, México
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Hideno A, Inoue H, Fujii T, Yano S, Tsukahara K, Murakami K, Yunokawa H, Sawayama S. High-coverage gene expression profiling analysis of the cellulase-producing fungus Acremonium cellulolyticus cultured using different carbon sources. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:5483-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cellulase production and oil palm empty fruit bunch saccharification by a new isolate of Trichoderma koningii D-64. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Díaz AB, de Ory I, Caro I, Blandino A. Enhance hydrolytic enzymes production by Aspergillus awamori on supplemented grape pomace. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vimala Rodhe A, Sateesh L, Sridevi J, Venkateswarlu B, Venkateswar Rao L. Enzymatic hydrolysis of sorghum straw using native cellulase produced by T. reesei NCIM 992 under solid state fermentation using rice straw. 3 Biotech 2011; 1:207-215. [PMID: 22558539 PMCID: PMC3339599 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-011-0024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is a major constituent of renewable lignocellulosic waste available in large quantities and is considered the most important reservoir of carbon for the production of glucose, for alternative fuel and as a chemical feedstock. Over the past decade, the emphasis has been on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose and the efficiency of which depends on source of cellulosic substrate, its composition, structure, pretreatment process, and reactor design. In the present study, efforts were made to produce cellulase enzyme using rice straw. The produced enzyme was used for the hydrolysis of selected lignocellulosic substrate, i.e., sorghum straw. When rice straw was used as a substrate for cellulase production under solid state fermentation, the highest enzyme activity obtained was 30.7 FPU/gds, using T. reesei NCIM 992. 25 FPU/g of cellulase was added to differently treated (native, alkali treated, alkali treated followed by 3% acid treated and alkali treated followed by 3 and 5% acid treated) sorghum straw and hydrolysis was carried out at 50 °C for 60 h. 42.5% hydrolysis was obtained after 36 h of incubation. Optimization of enzyme loading, substrate concentration, temperature, time and buffer yielded a maximum of 546.00 ± 0.55 mg/g sugars (54.60 ± 0.44 g/l) with an improved hydrolysis efficiency of 70 ± 0.45%. The enzymatic hydrolyzate can be used for fermentation of ethanol by yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Vimala Rodhe
- Department of Microbiology, UCS, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - L. Sateesh
- Department of Microbiology, UCS, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - J. Sridevi
- Department of Microbiology, UCS, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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Chandel AK, Chandrasekhar G, Silva MB, Silvério da Silva S. The realm of cellulases in biorefinery development. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2011; 32:187-202. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2011.595385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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41
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Alternatives to Trichoderma reesei in biofuel production. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:419-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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de Almeida MN, Guimarães VM, Bischoff KM, Falkoski DL, Pereira OL, Gonçalves DSPO, de Rezende ST. Cellulases and Hemicellulases from Endophytic Acremonium Species and Its Application on Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:594-610. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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New isolate of Trichoderma viride strain for enhanced cellulolytic enzyme complex production. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 111:121-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Comparison of endoglucanase-1 (EG1) induction in the edible straw mushroom Volvariella volvacea by lactose and/or cellobiose with or without added sorbose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:1939-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fujii T, Fang X, Inoue H, Murakami K, Sawayama S. Enzymatic hydrolyzing performance of Acremonium cellulolyticus and Trichoderma reesei against three lignocellulosic materials. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2009; 2:24. [PMID: 19796378 PMCID: PMC2761304 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-2-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioethanol isolated from lignocellulosic biomass represents one of the most promising renewable and carbon neutral alternative liquid fuel sources. Enzymatic saccharification using cellulase has proven to be a useful method in the production of bioethanol. The filamentous fungi Acremonium cellulolyticus and Trichoderma reesei are known to be potential cellulase producers. In this study, we aimed to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the cellulase enzymes derived from these fungi. RESULTS We compared A. cellulolyticus and T. reesei cellulase activity against the three lignocellulosic materials: eucalyptus, Douglas fir and rice straw. Saccharification analysis using the supernatant from each culture demonstrated that the enzyme mixture derived from A. cellulolyticus exhibited 2-fold and 16-fold increases in Filter Paper enzyme and beta-glucosidase specific activities, respectively, compared with that derived from T. reesei. In addition, culture supernatant from A. cellulolyticus produced glucose more rapidly from the lignocellulosic materials. Meanwhile, culture supernatant derived from T. reesei exhibited a 2-fold higher xylan-hydrolyzing activity and produced more xylose from eucalyptus (72% yield) and rice straw (43% yield). Although the commercial enzymes Acremonium cellulase (derived from A. cellulolyticus, Meiji Seika Co.) demonstrated a slightly lower cellulase specific activity than Accellerase 1000 (derived from T. reesei, Genencor), the glucose yield (over 65%) from lignocellulosic materials by Acremonium cellulase was higher than that of Accellerase 1000 (less than 60%). In addition, the mannan-hydrolyzing activity of Acremonium cellulase was 16-fold higher than that of Accellerase 1000, and the conversion of mannan to mannobiose and mannose by Acremonium cellulase was more efficient. CONCLUSION We investigated the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials by cellulase derived from two types of filamentous fungi. We found that glucan-hydrolyzing activity of the culture supernatant from A. cellulolyticus was superior to that from T. reesei, while the xylan-hydrolyzing activity was superior for the cellulase from T. reesei. Moreover, Acremonium cellulase exhibited a greater glucan and mannan-hydrolyzing activity than Accellerase 1000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Fujii
- Biomass Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hiroshima 737-0197, Japan
| | - Xu Fang
- Biomass Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hiroshima 737-0197, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Biomass Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hiroshima 737-0197, Japan
| | - Katsuji Murakami
- Biomass Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hiroshima 737-0197, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sawayama
- Biomass Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hiroshima 737-0197, Japan
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Liang Y, Feng Z, Yesuf J, Blackburn JW. Optimization of Growth Medium and Enzyme Assay Conditions for Crude Cellulases Produced by a Novel Thermophilic and Cellulolytic Bacterium, Anoxybacillus sp. 527. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:1841-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fang X, Yano S, Inoue H, Sawayama S. Strain improvement of Acremonium cellulolyticus for cellulase production by mutation. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 107:256-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2008.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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48
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Paper watch. Biotechnol J 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200890092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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