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Demarquest G, Lajoie G. Bacterial endophytes of sugar maple leaves vary more idiosyncratically than epiphytes across a large geographic area. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad079. [PMID: 37442613 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria from the leaf surface and the leaf tissue have been attributed with several beneficial properties for their plant host. Though physically connected, the microbial ecology of these compartments has mostly been studied separately such that we lack an integrated understanding of the processes shaping their assembly. We sampled leaf epiphytes and endophytes from the same individuals of sugar maple across the northern portion of its range to evaluate if their community composition was driven by similar processes within and across populations differing in plant traits and overall abiotic environment. Leaf compartment explained most of the variation in community diversity and composition across samples. Leaf epiphytic communities were driven more by host and site characteristics than endophytic communities, whose community composition was more idiosyncratic across samples. Our results suggest a greater importance of priority effects and opportunistic colonization in driving community assembly of leaf endophytes. Understanding the comparative assembly of bacterial communities at the surface and inside plant leaves may be particularly useful for leveraging their respective potential for improving the health of plants in natural and anthropized ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garance Demarquest
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke E, H1X 2B2 Montréal, Canada
- Université de Rennes, Agro-Campus Ouest, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Geneviève Lajoie
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke E, H1X 2B2 Montréal, Canada
- Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke E, H1X 2B2 Montréal, Canada
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Grady KL, Sorensen JW, Stopnisek N, Guittar J, Shade A. Assembly and seasonality of core phyllosphere microbiota on perennial biofuel crops. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4135. [PMID: 31515535 PMCID: PMC6742659 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perennial grasses are promising feedstocks for biofuel production, with potential for leveraging their native microbiomes to increase their productivity and resilience to environmental stress. Here, we characterize the 16S rRNA gene diversity and seasonal assembly of bacterial and archaeal microbiomes of two perennial cellulosic feedstocks, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus). We sample leaves and soil every three weeks from pre-emergence through senescence for two consecutive switchgrass growing seasons and one miscanthus season, and identify core leaf taxa based on occupancy. Virtually all leaf taxa are also detected in soil; source-sink modeling shows non-random, ecological filtering by the leaf, suggesting that soil is an important reservoir of phyllosphere diversity. Core leaf taxa include early, mid, and late season groups that were consistent across years and crops. This consistency in leaf microbiome dynamics and core members is promising for microbiome manipulation or management to support crop production. Microbial communities of plant leaf surfaces are ecologically important, but how they assemble and vary in time is unclear. Here, the authors identify core leaf microbiomes and seasonal patterns for two biofuel crops and show with source-sink models that soil is a reservoir of phyllosphere diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keara L Grady
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,The DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, 1129 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jackson W Sorensen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,The DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, 1129 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nejc Stopnisek
- The DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, 1129 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - John Guittar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, 3700 E. Gull Lake Dr, Hickory Corners, MI, 49060, USA
| | - Ashley Shade
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. .,The DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, 1129 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. .,Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. .,The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48840, USA. .,Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Tian X, Shi Y, Geng L, Chu H, Zhang J, Song F, Duan J, Shu C. Template Preparation Affects 16S rRNA High-Throughput Sequencing Analysis of Phyllosphere Microbial Communities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1623. [PMID: 29018461 PMCID: PMC5622981 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phyllosphere microbial communities are highly diverse and have important ecological implications; in that context, bacterial identification based on 16S rRNA genes is an important research issue. In studies of phyllosphere microbial communities, microporous filtration and centrifugation are used to collect microorganism samples, but it is unclear which one has a better collection efficiency. In this study, we compared these two microorganism collection methods and investigated the effects of the DNA extraction process on the estimation of microbial community composition and organization. The following four treatments were examined: (A) filtration, resuspension, and direct PCR; (B) filtration, DNA isolation, and PCR; (C) centrifugation, resuspension, and direct PCR; (D) centrifugation, DNA isolation, and PCR. Our results showed that the percentage of chloroplast sequence contaminants was affected by the DNA extraction process. The bacterial compositions clearly differed between treatments A and C, suggesting that the collection method has an influence on the determination of community structure. Compared with treatments B and D, treatments A and C resulted in higher Shannon index values, indicating that the DNA extraction process might reduce the observed phyllosphere microbial alpha diversity. However, with respect to community structure, treatments B and D yielded very similar results, suggesting that the DNA extraction process erases the effect of the collection method. Our findings provide key information to ensure accurate estimates of diversity and community composition in studies of phyllosphere microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Linfen, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuping Song
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangyan Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Linfen, China
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Asama T, Arima TH, Gomi T, Keishi T, Tani H, Kimura Y, Tatefuji T, Hashimoto K. Lactobacillus kunkeei YB38 from honeybee products enhances IgA production in healthy adults. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:818-26. [PMID: 26121394 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To identify lactic acid bacterial isolates, which promote immunoglobulin A (IgA) production in honeybee products and honeybees (Apis mellifera). METHODS AND RESULTS Pyrosequencing analysis of the microbiota of honeybee products and honeybees revealed the predominance of Lactobacillus kunkeei in honey, bee pollen, bee bread and royal jelly. Lactobacillus kunkeei was isolated from bee pollen, bee bread and honey stomach, and its effect on IgA production was evaluated in vitro. Heat-killed YB38 and YB83 isolates from bee pollen promoted IgA production in mouse Peyer's Patch cells and had little mitogenic activity or effect on IL-2 production in mouse spleen cells in comparison with Listeria monocytogenes, which does exhibit mitogen activity. A pilot study in 11 healthy adults showed that 4-week intake of 1000 mg day(-1) heat-killed YB38 increased secretory IgA (SIgA) concentrations and secretion in saliva with no adverse effects. CONCLUSION Heat-killed Lact. kunkeei YB38 from bee pollen increases IgA production and may safely improve immune responsiveness. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report of microbiota analysis of royal jelly and the immune efficacy of Lact. kunkeei from honeybee products in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Asama
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc., Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama, Japan
| | - T-H Arima
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Gomi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Keishi
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc., Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama, Japan
| | - H Tani
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc., Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama, Japan
| | - Y Kimura
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc., Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama, Japan
| | - T Tatefuji
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc., Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama, Japan
| | - K Hashimoto
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc., Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama, Japan
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Dong D, Ohtsuka T, Dong DT, Amachi S. Arsenite oxidation by a facultative chemolithoautotrophic Sinorhizobium sp. KGO-5 isolated from arsenic-contaminated soil. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1963-70. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.940276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A chemolithoautotrophic arsenite-oxidizing bacterium, designated strain KGO-5, was isolated from arsenic-contaminated industrial soil. Strain KGO-5 was phylogenetically closely related with Sinorhizobium meliloti with 16S rRNA gene similarity of more than 99%, and oxidized 5 mM arsenite under autotrophic condition within 60 h with a doubling time of 3.0 h. Additions of 0.01–0.1% yeast extract enhanced the growth significantly, and the strain still oxidized arsenite efficiently with much lower doubling times of approximately 1.0 h. Arsenite-oxidizing capacities (11.2–54.1 μmol h−1 mg dry cells−1) as well as arsenite oxidase (Aio) activities (1.76–10.0 mU mg protein−1) were found in the cells grown with arsenite, but neither could be detected in the cells grown without arsenite. Strain KGO-5 possessed putative aioA gene, which is closely related with AioA of Ensifer adhaerens. These results suggest that strain KGO-5 is a facultative chemolithoautotrophic arsenite oxidizer, and its Aio is induced by arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dong
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
| | | | - Dian Tao Dong
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Seigo Amachi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
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Rico L, Ogaya R, Terradas J, Peñuelas J. Community structures of N2 -fixing bacteria associated with the phyllosphere of a Holm oak forest and their response to drought. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16:586-93. [PMID: 23952768 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen (N) fixation is a key pathway in terrestrial ecosystems and is therefore critical for understanding the responses of ecosystems to global environmental changes. The free-living diazotrophic community is distributed along the canopy-to-soil profile, but the ecological significance of epiphyllic N2 fixers, despite their functional relevance, on plant foliar surfaces remains very poorly understood compared with the N2 -fixing community in forest litter and soils. We assessed the community structure of N2 fixers and overall bacteria by genetic fingerprinting (t-RFLP) to explore the seasonal successional patterns of the microbial community in the natural phyllosphere of a Holm oak (Quercus ilex) forest submitted to 12-year field experiment of rain exclusion mimicking the conditions of drought projected for the coming decades. Leaves of Holm oak were analysed in different seasons over a period of 1.5 years. The bacterial community of the phyllosphere did not correspond to the surrounding soil biome in the same area. These analyses provided field evidence for the presence of free-living diazotrophs associated with the tissues of leaves of Holm oak, the dominant tree species of many Mediterranean forests. The results also revealed that the community composition is affected seasonally and inter-annually by the environment, and that the composition shifts in response to climate change. Drought treatment increased the richness of the epiphyllic microbial community, especially during the summer. These changes were associated with higher C:N ratios of leaves observed in response to drought in semiarid areas. This epiphyllic microbiota that can potentially fix N2 extends the capacity of plants to adapt to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rico
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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7
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Oba Y, Futagami T, Amachi S. Enrichment of a microbial consortium capable of reductive deiodination of 2,4,6-triiodophenol. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 117:310-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Ohtsuka T, Yamaguchi N, Makino T, Sakurai K, Kimura K, Kudo K, Homma E, Dong DT, Amachi S. Arsenic dissolution from Japanese paddy soil by a dissimilatory arsenate-reducing bacterium Geobacter sp. OR-1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:6263-6271. [PMID: 23668621 DOI: 10.1021/es400231x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dissimilatory As(V) (arsenate)-reducing bacteria may play an important role in arsenic release from anoxic sediments in the form of As(III) (arsenite). Although respiratory arsenate reductase genes (arrA) closely related to Geobacter species have been frequently detected in arsenic-rich sediments, it is still unclear whether they directly participate in arsenic release, mainly due to lack of pure cultures capable of arsenate reduction. In this study, we isolated a novel dissimilatory arsenate-reducing bacterium, strain OR-1, from Japanese paddy soil, and found that it was phylogenetically closely related to Geobacter pelophilus. OR-1 also utilized soluble Fe(III), ferrihydrite, nitrate, and fumarate as electron acceptors. OR-1 catalyzed dissolution of arsenic from arsenate-adsorbed ferrihydrite, while Geobacter metallireducens GS-15 did not. Furthermore, inoculation of washed cells of OR-1 into sterilized paddy soil successfully restored arsenic release. Arsenic K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis revealed that strain OR-1 reduced arsenate directly on the soil solid phase. Analysis of putative ArrA sequences from paddy soils suggested that Geobacter-related bacteria, including those closely related to OR-1, play an important role in arsenic release from paddy soils. Our results provide direct evidence for arsenic dissolution by Geobacter species and support the hypothesis that Geobacter species play a significant role in reduction and mobilization of arsenic in flooded soils and anoxic sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Ohtsuka
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo-city, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
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Release of arsenic from soil by a novel dissimilatory arsenate-reducing bacterium, Anaeromyxobacter sp. strain PSR-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:4635-42. [PMID: 23709511 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00693-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel arsenate-reducing bacterium, designated strain PSR-1, was isolated from arsenic-contaminated soil. Strain PSR-1 was phylogenetically closely related to Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans 2CP-1(T) with 16S rRNA gene similarity of 99.7% and coupled the oxidation of acetate with the reduction of arsenate. Arsenate reduction was inhibited almost completely by respiratory inhibitors such as dicumarol and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide. Strain PSR-1 also utilized soluble Fe(III), ferrihydrite, nitrate, oxygen, and fumarate as electron acceptors. Strain PSR-1 catalyzed the release of arsenic from arsenate-adsorbed ferrihydrite. In addition, inoculation of washed cells of strain PSR-1 into sterilized soil successfully reproduced arsenic release. Arsenic K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis revealed that the proportion of arsenite in the soil solid phase actually increased from 20% to 50% during incubation with washed cells of strain PSR-1. These results suggest that strain PSR-1 is capable of reducing not only dissolved arsenate but also arsenate adsorbed on the soil mineral phase. Arsenate reduction by strain PSR-1 expands the metabolic versatility of Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans. Considering its distribution throughout diverse soils and anoxic sediments, Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans may play a role in arsenic release from these environments.
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Peñuelas J, Rico L, Ogaya R, Jump AS, Terradas J. Summer season and long-term drought increase the richness of bacteria and fungi in the foliar phyllosphere of Quercus ilex in a mixed Mediterranean forest. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2012; 14:565-575. [PMID: 22289059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We explored the changes in richness, diversity and evenness of epiphytic (on the leaf surface) and endophytic (within leaf tissues) bacteria and fungi in the foliar phyllosphere of Quercus ilex, the dominant tree species of Mediterranean forests. Bacteria and fungi were assessed during ontogenic development of the leaves, from the wet spring to the dry summer season in control plots and in plots subjected to drought conditions mimicking those projected for future decades. Our aim was to monitor succession in microbiota during the colonisation of plant leaves and its response to climate change. Ontogeny and seasonality exerted a strong influence on richness and diversity of the microbial phyllosphere community, which decreased in summer in the whole leaf and increased in summer in the epiphytic phyllosphere. Drought precluded the decrease in whole leaf phyllosphere diversity and increased the rise in the epiphytic phyllosphere. Both whole leaf bacterial and fungal richness decreased with the decrease in physiological activity and productivity of the summer season in control trees. As expected, the richness of epiphytic bacteria and fungi increased in summer after increasing time of colonisation. Under summer dry conditions, there was a positive relationship between TRF (terminal restriction fragments) richness and drought, both for whole leaf and epiphytic phyllosphere, and especially for fungal communities. These results demonstrate that changes in climate are likely to significantly alter microbial abundance and composition of the phyllosphere. Given the diverse functions and large number of phyllospheric microbes, the potential functional implications of such community shifts warrant exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Arakawa Y, Akiyama Y, Furukawa H, Suda W, Amachi S. Growth stimulation of iodide-oxidizing α-Proteobacteria in iodide-rich environments. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2012; 63:522-531. [PMID: 22138964 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
α-Proteobacteria that can oxidize iodide (I(-)) to molecular iodine (I(2)) have only been isolated from iodide-rich natural and artificial environments, i.e., natural gas brine waters and seawaters supplemented with iodide, respectively. To understand the growth characteristics of such iodide-oxidizing bacteria (IOB) under iodide-rich environments, microcosms comprising natural seawater and 1 mM iodide were prepared, and the succession of microbial communities was monitored by culture-independent techniques. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that bacteria closely related with known IOB were predominant in the microcosms after several weeks of incubation. Quantitative PCR analysis targeting specific 16S rRNA gene regions of IOB showed that the relative abundance of IOB in the microcosms was 6-76% of the total bacterial population, whereas that in natural seawater was less than 1%. When 10(3) cells mL(-1) of IOB were inoculated into natural seawater supplemented with 0.1-1 mM iodide, significant growth (cell densities, 10(5)-10(6) cells mL(-1)) and I(2) production (6-32 μM) were observed. Interestingly, similar growth stimulation occurred when 12-44 μM of I(2) was added to seawater, instead of iodide. IOB were found to be more I(2) tolerant than the other heterotrophic bacteria in seawater. These results suggest that I(2) plays a key role in the growth stimulation of IOB in seawater. IOB could potentially attack other bacteria with I(2) to occupy their ecological niche in iodide-rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Arakawa
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo City, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
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12
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Host plant induced variation in gut bacteria of Helicoverpa armigera. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30768. [PMID: 22292034 PMCID: PMC3266921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicoverpa are important polyphagous agricultural insect pests and they have a worldwide distribution. In this study, we report the bacterial community structure in the midgut of fifth instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera, a species prevalent in the India, China, South Asia, South East Asia, Southern & Eastern Africa and Australia. Using culturable techniques, we isolated and identified members of Bacillus firmus, Bacillus niabense, Paenibacillus jamilae, Cellulomonas variformis, Acinetobacter schindleri, Micrococcus yunnanesis, Enterobacter sp., and Enterococcus cassiliflavus in insect samples collected from host plants grown in different parts of India. Besides these the presence of Sphingomonas, Ralstonia, Delftia, Paracoccus and Bacteriodetes was determined by culture independent molecular analysis. We found that Enterobacter and Enterococcus were universally present in all our Helicoverpa samples collected from different crops and in different parts of India. The bacterial diversity varied greatly among insects that were from different host plants than those from the same host plant of different locations. This result suggested that the type of host plant greatly influences the midgut bacterial diversity of H. armigera, more than the location of the host plant. On further analyzing the leaf from which the larva was collected, it was found that the H. armigera midgut bacterial community was similar to that of the leaf phyllosphere. This finding indicates that the bacterial flora of the larval midgut is influenced by the leaf surface bacterial community of the crop on which it feeds. Additionally, we found that laboratory made media or the artificial diet is a poor bacterial source for these insects compared to a natural diet of crop plant.
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Okabe S, Oshiki M, Kamagata Y, Yamaguchi N, Toyofuku M, Yawata Y, Tashiro Y, Nomura N, Ohta H, Ohkuma M, Hiraishi A, Minamisawa K. A great leap forward in microbial ecology. Microbes Environ 2011; 25:230-40. [PMID: 21576878 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me10178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence-based molecular techniques emerged in the late 1980s, which completely changed our general view of microbial life. Coincidentally, the Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology (JSME) was founded, and its official journal "Microbes and Environments (M&E)" was launched, in 1985. Thus, the past 25 years have been an exciting and fruitful period for M&E readers and microbiologists as demonstrated by the numerous excellent papers published in M&E. In this minireview, recent progress made in microbial ecology and related fields is summarized, with a special emphasis on 8 landmark areas; the cultivation of uncultured microbes, in situ methods for the assessment of microorganisms and their activities, biofilms, plant microbiology, chemolithotrophic bacteria in early volcanic environments, symbionts of animals and their ecology, wastewater treatment microbiology, and the biodegradation of hazardous organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okabe
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060–8628, Japan.
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Suda W, Nagasaki A, Shishido M. Powdery Mildew-Infection Changes Bacterial Community Composition in the Phyllosphere. Microbes Environ 2009; 24:217-23. [DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me09114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Suda
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University
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