1
|
Okabe S, Kamizono A, Zhang L, Kawasaki S, Kobayashi K, Oshiki M. Salinity Tolerance and Osmoadaptation Strategies in Four Genera of Anammox Bacteria: Brocadia, Jettenia, Kuenenia, and Scalindua. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5357-5371. [PMID: 38491939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The salinity tolerance and osmoadaptation strategies in four phylogenetically distant anammox species, Brocadia, Jettenia, Kuenenia, and Scalindua, were investigated by using highly enriched cell cultures. The first-emerged "Ca. Scalindua sp." showed optimum growth at 1.5-3% salinity and was tolerant to ∼10% salinity (a slight halophile). The second-emerged "Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" was tolerant to ∼6% salinity with optimum growth at 0.25-1.5% (a halotolerant). These early-emerged "Ca. Scalindua sp." and ″Ca. K. stuttgartiensis" rapidly accumulated K+ ions and simultaneously synthesized glutamate as a counterion. Subsequently, part of the glutamate was replaced by trehalose. In contrast, the late-emerged "Ca. B. sinica" and "Ca. J. caeni" were unable to accumulate sufficient amounts of K+─glutamate and trehalose, resulting in a significant decrease in activity even at 1-2% salinity (nonhalophiles). In addition, the external addition of glutamate may increase anammox activity at high salinity. The species-dependent salinity tolerance and osmoadaptation strategies were consistent with the genetic potential required for the biosynthesis and transport of these osmolytes and the evolutionary history of anammox bacteria: Scalindua first emerged in marine environments and then Kuenenia and other two species gradually expanded their habitat to estuaries, freshwater, and terrestrial environments, while Brocadia and Jettenia likely lost their ability to accumulate K+─glutamate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Akimichi Kamizono
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Seiya Kawasaki
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kanae Kobayashi
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Mamoru Oshiki
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oshiki M, Morimoto E, Kobayashi K, Satoh H, Okabe S. Collaborative metabolisms of urea and cyanate degradation in marine anammox bacterial culture. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycad007. [PMID: 38304081 PMCID: PMC10833080 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Anammox process greatly contributes to nitrogen loss occurring in oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), where the availability of NH4+ is scarce as compared with NO2-. Remineralization of organic nitrogen compounds including urea and cyanate (OCN-) into NH4+ has been believed as an NH4+ source of the anammox process in oxygen minimum zones. However, urea- or OCN-- dependent anammox has not been well examined due to the lack of marine anammox bacterial culture. In the present study, urea and OCN- degradation in a marine anammox bacterial consortium were investigated based on 15N-tracer experiments and metagenomic analysis. Although a marine anammox bacterium, Candidatus Scalindua sp., itself was incapable of urea and OCN- degradation, urea was anoxically decomposed to NH4+ by the coexisting ureolytic bacteria (Rhizobiaceae, Nitrosomonadaceae, and/or Thalassopiraceae bacteria), whereas OCN- was abiotically degraded to NH4+. The produced NH4+ was subsequently utilized in the anammox process. The activity of the urea degradation increased under microaerobic condition (ca. 32-42 μM dissolved O2, DO), and the contribution of the anammox process to the total nitrogen loss also increased up to 33.3% at 32 μM DO. Urea-dependent anammox activities were further examined in a fluid thioglycolate media with a vertical gradient of O2 concentration, and the active collaborative metabolism of the urea degradation and anammox was detected at the lower oxycline (21 μM DO).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Oshiki
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Emi Morimoto
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kanae Kobayashi
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Extra-Cutting-Edge Science and Technology Avant-Garde Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Hisashi Satoh
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao R, Le Moine Bauer S, Babbin AR. " Candidatus Subterrananammoxibiaceae," a New Anammox Bacterial Family in Globally Distributed Marine and Terrestrial Subsurfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0080023. [PMID: 37470485 PMCID: PMC10467342 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00800-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria specialized in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) are widespread in many anoxic habitats and form an important functional guild in the global nitrogen cycle by consuming bio-available nitrogen for energy rather than biomass production. Due to their slow growth rates, cultivation-independent approaches have been used to decipher their diversity across environments. However, their full diversity has not been well recognized. Here, we report a new family of putative anammox bacteria, "Candidatus Subterrananammoxibiaceae," existing in the globally distributed terrestrial and marine subsurface (groundwater and sediments of estuary, deep-sea, and hadal trenches). We recovered a high-quality metagenome-assembled genome of this family, tentatively named "Candidatus Subterrananammoxibius californiae," from a California groundwater site. The "Ca. Subterrananammoxibius californiae" genome not only contains genes for all essential components of anammox metabolism (e.g., hydrazine synthase, hydrazine oxidoreductase, nitrite reductase, and nitrite oxidoreductase) but also has the capacity for urea hydrolysis. In an Arctic ridge sediment core where redox zonation is well resolved, "Ca. Subterrananammoxibiaceae" is confined within the nitrate-ammonium transition zone where the anammox rate maximum occurs, providing environmental proof of the anammox activity of this new family. Phylogenetic analysis of nitrite oxidoreductase suggests that a horizontal transfer facilitated the spreading of the nitrite oxidation capacity between anammox bacteria (in the Planctomycetota phylum) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria from Nitrospirota and Nitrospinota. By recognizing this new anammox family, we propose that all lineages within the "Ca. Brocadiales" order have anammox capacity. IMPORTANCE Microorganisms called anammox bacteria are efficient in removing bioavailable nitrogen from many natural and human-made environments. They exist in almost every anoxic habitat where both ammonium and nitrate/nitrite are present. However, only a few anammox bacteria have been cultured in laboratory settings, and their full phylogenetic diversity has not been recognized. Here, we present a new bacterial family whose members are present across both the terrestrial and marine subsurface. By reconstructing a high-quality genome from the groundwater environment, we demonstrate that this family has all critical enzymes of anammox metabolism and, notably, also urea utilization. This bacterium family in marine sediments is also preferably present in the niche where the anammox process occurs. These findings suggest that this novel family, named "Candidatus Subterrananammoxibiaceae," is an overlooked group of anammox bacteria, which should have impacts on nitrogen cycling in a range of environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sven Le Moine Bauer
- Centre for Deep Sea Research, Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrew R. Babbin
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Candidatus Scalindua, a Biological Solution to Treat Saline Recirculating Aquaculture System Wastewater. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are promising candidates for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. A current limitation of RAS is the production and potential accumulation of nitrogenous wastes, ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2−) and nitrate (NO3−), which could affect fish health and welfare. In a previous experiment, we have demonstrated that the marine anammox bacteria Candidatus Scalindua was a promising candidate to treat the wastewater (WW) of marine, cold-water RAS. However, the activity of the bacteria was negatively impacted after a direct exposure to RAS WW. In the current study, we have further investigated the potential of Ca. Scalindua to treat marine RAS WW in a three-phase experiment. In the first phase (control, 83 days), Ca. Scalindua was fed a synthetic feed, enriched in NH4+, NO2− and trace element (TE) mix. Removal rates of 98.9% and 99.6% for NH4+ and NO2−, respectively, were achieved. In the second phase (116 days), we gradually increased the exposure of Ca. Scalindua to nitrogen-enriched RAS WW over a period of about 80 days. In the last phase (79 days), we investigated the needs of TE supplementation for the Ca. Scalindua after they were fully acclimated to 100% RAS WW. Our results show that the gradual exposure of Ca. Scalindua resulted in a successful acclimation to 100% RAS WW, with maintained high removal rates of both NH4+ and NO2− throughout the experiment. Despite a slight decrease in relative abundance (from 21.4% to 16.7%), Ca. Scalindua remained the dominant species in the granules throughout the whole experiment. We conclude that Ca. Scalindua can be successfully used to treat marine RAS WW, without the addition of TE, once given enough time to acclimate to its new substrate. Future studies need to determine the specific needs for optimal RAS WW treatment by Ca. Scalindua at pilot scale.
Collapse
|
5
|
Oshiki M, Gao L, Zhang L, Okabe S. NH 2OH Disproportionation Mediated by Anaerobic Ammonium-oxidizing (Anammox) Bacteria. Microbes Environ 2022; 37. [PMID: 35418545 PMCID: PMC9530737 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me21092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anammox bacteria produce N2 gas by oxidizing NH4+ with NO2–, and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) is a potential intermediate of the anammox process. N2 gas production occurs when anammox bacteria are incubated with NH2OH only, indicating their capacity for NH2OH disproportionation with NH2OH serving as both the electron donor and acceptor. Limited information is currently available on NH2OH disproportionation by anammox bacteria; therefore, the stoichiometry of anammox bacterial NH2OH disproportionation was examined in the present study using 15N-tracing techniques. The anammox bacteria, Brocadia sinica, Jettenia caeni, and Scalindua sp. were incubated with the addition of 15NH2OH, and the production of 15N-labeled nitrogenous compounds was assessed. The anammox bacteria tested performed NH2OH disproportionation and produced 15-15N2 gas and NH4+ as reaction products. The addition of acetylene, an inhibitor of the anammox process, reduced the activity of NH2OH disproportionation, but not completely. The growth of B. sinica by NH2OH disproportionation (–240.3 kJ mol NH2OH–1 under standard conditions) was also tested in 3 up-flow column anammox reactors fed with 1) 0.7 mM NH2OH only, 2) 0.7 mM NH2OH and 0.5 mM NH4+, and 3) 0.7 mM NH2OH and 0.5 mM NO2–. NH2OH consumption activities were markedly reduced after 7 d of operation, indicating that B. sinica was unable to maintain its activity or biomass by NH2OH disproportionation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Oshiki
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Lin Gao
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oshiki M, Takaki Y, Hirai M, Nunoura T, Kamigaito A, Okabe S. Metagenomic Analysis of Five Phylogenetically Distant Anammox Bacterial Enrichment Cultures. Microbes Environ 2022; 37:ME22017. [PMID: 35811137 PMCID: PMC9530715 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me22017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are slow-growing and fastidious bacteria, and limited numbers of enrichment cultures have been established. A metagenomic ana-lysis of our 5 established anammox bacterial enrichment cultures was performed in the present study. Fourteen high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were obtained, including those of 5 anammox Planctomycetota (Candidatus Brocadia, Ca. Kuenenia, Ca. Jettenia, and Ca. Scalindua), 4 Bacteroidota, and 3 Chloroflexota. Based on the gene sets of metabolic pathways involved in the degradation of polymeric substances found in Chloroflexota and Bacteroidota MAGs, they are expected to be scavengers of extracellular polymeric substances and cell debris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Oshiki
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takaki
- Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research (SUGAR) Program, Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-STAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2–15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237–0061, Japan
| | - Miho Hirai
- Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research (SUGAR) Program, Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-STAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2–15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237–0061, Japan
| | - Takuro Nunoura
- Research Center for Bioscience and Nanoscience (CeBN), JAMSTEC, 2–15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237–0061, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kamigaito
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Okabe S, Kamigaito A, Kobayashi K. Maintenance power requirements of anammox bacteria "Candidatus Brocadia sinica" and "Candidatus Scalindua sp.". THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:3566-3575. [PMID: 34145389 PMCID: PMC8629980 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the cell physiology of anammox bacteria growing at extremely low growth rates. Here, "Candidatus Brocadia sinica" and "Candidatus Scalindua sp." were grown in continuous anaerobic membrane bioreactors (MBRs) with complete biomass retention to determine maintenance energy (i.e., power) requirements at near-zero growth rates. After prolonged retentostat cultivations, the specific growth rates (μ) of "Ca. B. sinica" and "Ca. Scalindua sp." decreased to 0.000023 h-1 (doubling time of 1255 days) and 0.000157 h-1 (184 days), respectively. Under these near-zero growth conditions, substrate was continuously utilized to meet maintenance energy demands (me) of 6.7 ± 0.7 and 4.3 ± 0.7 kJ mole of biomass-C-1 h-1 for "Ca. B. sinica" and "Ca. Scalindua sp.", which accorded with the theoretically predicted values of all anaerobic microorganisms (9.7 and 4.4 kJ mole of biomass-C-1 h-1at 37 °C and 28 °C, respectively). These me values correspond to 13.4 × 10-15 and 8.6 × 10-15 watts cell-1 for "Ca. B. sinica" and "Ca. Scalindua sp.", which were five orders of magnitude higher than the basal power limit for natural settings (1.9 × 10-19 watts cells-1). Furthermore, the minimum substrate concentrations required for growth (Smin) were calculated to be 3.69 ± 0.21 and 0.09 ± 0.05 μM NO2- for "Ca. B. sinica" and "Ca. Scalindua sp.", respectively. These results match the evidence that "Ca. Scalindua sp." with lower maintenance power requirement and Smin are better adapted to energy-limited natural environments than "Ca. B. sinica", suggesting the importance of these parameters on ecological niche differentiation in natural environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okabe
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628 Japan
| | - Atsushi Kamigaito
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628 Japan
| | - Kanae Kobayashi
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yin S, Li J, Dong H, Qiang Z. Unraveling the nitrogen removal properties and microbial characterization of "Candidatus Scalindua"-dominated consortia treating seawater-based wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147470. [PMID: 33975101 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
"Candidatus Scalindua", as known as marine anammox bacteria (MAB), was engineered to remove nitrogen from seawater-based wastewater (SWW). In this study, "Candidatus Scalindua" was successfully enriched within 106 days with marine sediments as inoculated sludge. The operating temperature was 20 ± 2 °C, and influent pH was 7.5 ± 0.1. Ammonia (NH4+-N) removal rate (ARR) was 0.53 kg/(m3·d) with the NH4+-N loading rate of 0.68 kg/(m3·d), and nitrite (NO2--N) removal rate (NRR) was 0.57 kg/(m3·d) at 0.89 kg/(m3·d) NO2--N loading rate. Nitrogen removal was negatively affected at an influent NO2- above 224 mg/L, which decreased the ARR and NRR to 0.36 and 0.31 kg/(m3·d), respectively. The genus "Ca. Scalindua" dominated the reactor, and it synergistically coexisted with Marinicella to achieve efficient nitrogen removal. This work would help to better understand the nitrogen removal properties and microbial characterization of MAB in SWW wastewater treatment under low temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effects of Recirculating Aquaculture System Wastewater on Anammox Performance and Community Structure. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are good candidates for the sustainable development of the aquaculture sector. A current limitation of RAS is the production and accumulation of nitrogenous waste, which could affect fish health. We investigated the potential of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process to treat marine wastewater from a cold-water RAS. We show that the marine anammox bacteria Candidatus Scalindua is a promising candidate. However, its activity was affected by unknown compounds in the RAS wastewater and/or the sub-optimum content of essential trace elements (TEs). Anammox activity dropped to 2% and 13% in NH4+ and NO2− removal, respectively, when NO3-rich RAS wastewater was used as a medium in the absence of TE supplementation. A TE supplementation was added to the RAS wastewater in a subsequent phase, and a recovery in anammox activity was shown (25% and 24% in NH4+ and NO2− removal, respectively). Future studies need to identify the unknown factor and determine the specific needs regarding TE for optimal RAS wastewater treatment by Candidatus Scalindua.
Collapse
|
10
|
Awata T, Goto Y, Kuratsuka H, Aoi Y, Ozaki N, Ohashi A, Kindaichi T. Reactor performance and microbial community structure of single-stage partial nitritation anammox membrane bioreactors inoculated with Brocadia and Scalindua enrichment cultures. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.107991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
11
|
Ronzón Bravo JJ, de María Cuervo-López F, Andrade Torres A, Arteaga-Vázquez MA, Martínez Hernández S. Physiological stabilization, community characterization, and nitrogen degradation dynamics in an anammox consortium from estuarine sediments. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:636-644. [PMID: 33073480 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anammox is a cost-effective and sustainable process for nitrogen removal; however, the production of a physiologically stable inoculum is a critical point in the start-up process. In this work, estuarine sediments were used as incubation seeds to obtain cultures with stable anammox activity. Assays were performed in batch cultures fed with stoichiometric amounts of ammonium and nitrite, analyzing physiological response variables and the microbial community. Estuarine sediments showed a stable anammox process after 90 days, consuming ammonium and nitrite simultaneously with concomitant generation of N2 and nitrate in stoichiometric amounts. In kinetic assays, substrates were fully consumed after 210 hr, exhibiting N2 and nitrate yields of 0.85 and 0.10, respectively. The microbial community analysis using PCR-DGGE indicated the presence of uncultured anammox bacteria and members of the genus Candidatus Jettenia. The results evidenced the achievement of anammox cultures, although their start-up and kinetic characteristics were less favorable than those recorded in man-made systems. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Estuarine sediments were used as incubation seeds to obtain cultures with stable anammox activity. The sediments were fed with stoichiometric amounts of ammonium and nitrite, analyzing the physiological response variables and the microbial community. Sediments showed a stable anammox process after 90 days, converting the substrates into N2 and nitrate according to stoichiometry. Anammox cultures were achieved although their start-up and kinetic characteristics were less favorable than those recorded in man-made systems. Microbial community analysis using PCR-DGGE indicated the presence of uncultured anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium and members of genus Candidatus Jettenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime J Ronzón Bravo
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | | | - Antonio Andrade Torres
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Mario A Arteaga-Vázquez
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tao R, Zheng X, Guo X, Li M, Shen S, Yang M, Sun Y, Wu F. Pilot-scale enrichment of anammox biofilm using secondary effluent as source water. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:894-905. [PMID: 33617496 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enough biomass of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria is essential for maintaining a stable partial nitrification/anammox (PN/A) wastewater treatment system. Present enrichment procedures are mainly labor-intensive and inconvenient for up-scaling. A simplified procedure was developed for enrichment of anammox biofilm by using secondary effluent as source water with no supplement of mineral medium and unstrict control of influent dissolved oxygen (DO). Anammox biofilm was successfully enriched in two pilot-scale reactors (XQ-cul and BT-cul) within 250 and 120 days, respectively. The specific anammox activity increased rapidly during the last 2 months in both reactors and achieved 2.54 g N2-N/(m2·d) in XQ-cul and 1.61 g N2-N/(m2·d) in BT-cul. Similar microbial diversity and community structure were obtained in the two reactors despite different secondary effluent being applied from two wastewater treatment plants. Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria genera abundance reached up to 37.4% and 43.1% in XQ-cul and BT-cul biofilm, respectively. Candidatus Brocadia and Ca. Kuenenia dominated the enriched biofilm. A negligible adverse effect of residual organics and influent DO was observed by using secondary effluent as source water. This anammox biofilm enrichment procedure could facilitate the inoculation and/or bio-augmentation of large-scale mainstream PN/A reactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runxian Tao
- North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Tianjin 300074, China E-mail:
| | - Xingcan Zheng
- North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Tianjin 300074, China E-mail:
| | - Xingfang Guo
- North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Tianjin 300074, China E-mail:
| | - Mai Li
- North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Tianjin 300074, China E-mail:
| | - Shifeng Shen
- North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Tianjin 300074, China E-mail:
| | - Min Yang
- North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Tianjin 300074, China E-mail:
| | - Yongli Sun
- North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Tianjin 300074, China E-mail:
| | - Fansong Wu
- North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Tianjin 300074, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kobayashi K, Fukushima K, Onishi Y, Nishina K, Makabe A, Yano M, Wankel SD, Koba K, Okabe S. Influence of δ 18 O of water on measurements of δ 18 O of nitrite and nitrate. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e8979. [PMID: 33053236 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Oxygen isotope ratio measurements of NO2 - and NO3 - by the azide method and denitrifier method are sensitive to the δ18 O value of the sample water. However, the influence of δ18 OH2O on those measurements has not been quantitatively evaluated and documented so far. Therefore, we investigated the influence of δ18 OH2O of a sample on the δ18 O analysis of NO2 - and NO3 - . METHODS We prepared NO2 - and NO3 - standards (with known δ18 ONO2- and δ18 ONO3- values) dissolved in waters having different δ18 OH2O values (δ18 OH2O = -12.6, 25.9, 56.7, and 110.1‰). Nitrite and nitrate were converted into N2 O using the azide method and the denitrifier method, respectively. The isotope ratios of the generated N2 O were measured with a Sercon purge-and-trap gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (PT-GC/IRMS) system. The measured δ18 O values of the produced N2 O were plotted against known δ18 ONO2- and δ18 ONO3- values to evaluate the influence of exchange of an oxygen atom with H2 O during the conversion of NO2 - into N2 O and NO3 - into N2 O, respectively. RESULTS The degree of oxygen isotope exchange was 10.8 ± 0.3% in the azide method and 5.5 ± 1.0% in the denitrifier method, indicating that the azide method is more susceptible to artifacts arising from differences in the δ18 OH2O value of water than the denitrifier method. Thus, the intercept of the standard calibration curve must be corrected to account for differences in δ18 OH2O . Abiotic NO2 -H2 O equilibrium isotope effect experiments yielded a rate constant of (1.13 ± 007) × 10-2 (h-1 ) and an equilibrium isotope effect of 11.9 ± 0.1‰ under the condition of pH = 7.5, 30°C, and 2.5% salinity. CONCLUSIONS Oxygen isotope ratio measurements of NO2 - by the azide method are highly sensitive to δ18 OH2O as a result of significant oxygen isotope exchange between NO2 - and H2 O. Therefore, to obtain the most accurate measurements water with the same δ18 OH2O value as that of the sample must be used to make the NO2 - and NO3 - standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Kobayashi
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Keitaro Fukushima
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Yuji Onishi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nishina
- Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Akiko Makabe
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Midori Yano
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Scott D Wankel
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543-1050, USA
| | - Keisuke Koba
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cometabolism of the Superphylum Patescibacteria with Anammox Bacteria in a Long-Term Freshwater Anammox Column Reactor. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has attracted attention regarding its application in ammonia wastewater treatment based on its efficiency, the physiological characteristics of anammox bacteria remain unclear because of the lack of pure-culture representatives. The coexistence of heterotrophic bacteria has often been observed in anammox reactors, even in those fed with synthetic inorganic nutrient medium. In this study, we recovered 37 draft genome bins from a long-term-operated anammox column reactor and predicted the metabolic pathway of coexisting bacteria, especially Patescibacteria (also known as Candidate phyla radiation). Genes related to the nitrogen cycle were not detected in Patescibacterial bins, whereas nitrite, nitrate, and nitrous oxide-related genes were identified in most of the other bacteria. The pathway predicted for Patescibacteria suggests the lack of nitrogen marker genes and its ability to utilize poly-N-acetylglucosamine produced by dominant anammox bacteria. Coexisting Patescibacteria may play an ecological role in providing lactate and formate to other coexisting bacteria, supporting growth in the anammox reactor. Patescibacteria-centric coexisting bacteria, which produce anammox substrates and scavenge organic compounds produced within the anammox reactor, might be essential for the anammox ecosystem.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ali M, Shaw DR, Albertsen M, Saikaly PE. Comparative Genome-Centric Analysis of Freshwater and Marine ANAMMOX Cultures Suggests Functional Redundancy in Nitrogen Removal Processes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1637. [PMID: 32733431 PMCID: PMC7358590 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of understanding of the interaction between anammox bacteria and the flanking microbial communities in both freshwater (non-saline) and marine (saline) ecosystems. Here, we present a comparative genome-based exploration of two different anammox bioreactors, through the analysis of 23 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), 12 from freshwater anammox reactor (FWR), and 11 from marine anammox reactor (MWR). To understand the contribution of individual members to community functions, we applied the index of replication (iRep) to determine bacteria that are actively replicating. Using genomic content and iRep information, we provided a potential ecological role for the dominant members of the community based on the reactor operating conditions. In the non-saline system, anammox (Candidatus Brocadia sinica) and auxotrophic neighboring bacteria belonging to the phyla Ignavibacteriae and Chloroflexi might interact to reduce nitrate to nitrite for direct use by anammox bacteria. Whereas, in the saline reactor, anammox bacterium (Ca. Scalindua erythraensis) and flanking community belonging to phyla Planctomycetes (different than anammox bacteria)—which persistently growing in the system—may catabolize detritus and extracellular material and recycle nitrate to nitrite for direct use by anammox bacteria. Despite different microbial communities, there was functional redundancy in both ecosystems. These results signify the potential application of marine anammox bacteria for treating saline N-rich wastewaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dario Rangel Shaw
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pascal E Saikaly
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang L, Okabe S. Ecological niche differentiation among anammox bacteria. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115468. [PMID: 31926373 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria can directly convert ammonium and nitrite to nitrogen gas anaerobically and were responsible for a substantial part of the fixed nitrogen loss and re-oxidation of nitrite to nitrate in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Although a wide variety of studies have been undertaken to investigate the abundance and biodiversity of anammox bacteria so far, ecological niche differentiation of anammox bacteria is still not fully understood. To assess their growth behavior and consequent population dynamics at a given environment, the Monod model is often used. Here, we summarize the Monod kinetic parameters such as the maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and the half-saturation constant for nitrite (KNO2-) and ammonium (KNH4+) of five known candidatus genera of anammox bacteria. We also discuss potential pivotal environmental factors and metabolic flexibility that influence the community compositions of anammox bacteria. Particularly biodiversity of the genus "Scalindua" might have been largely underestimated. Several anammox bacteria have been successfully enriched from various source of biomass. We reevaluate their enrichment methods and culture medium compositions to gain a clue of niche differentiation of anammox bacteria. Furthermore, we formulate the current issues that must be addressed. Overall this review re-emphasizes the importance of enrichment cultures (preferably pure cultures), physiological characterization and direct microbial competition studies using enrichment cultures in laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ali M, Shaw DR, Saikaly PE. Application of an enrichment culture of the marine anammox bacterium "Ca. Scalindua sp. AMX11" for nitrogen removal under moderate salinity and in the presence of organic carbon. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115345. [PMID: 31805498 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seawater can be directly used for toilet flushing in coastal areas to reduce our dependence on desalination and freshwater resources. The presence of high-salt content in the generated wastewater from seawater toilet flushing could limit the performance of conventional biological nitrogen removal processes. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is regarded as one of the most energy-efficient process for nitrogen removal from N-rich waste streams. In this study, we demonstrated the application of a novel marine anammox bacterium (Candidatus Scalindua sp. AMX11) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) to treat moderate-saline (∼1.2% salinity) and N-rich organic (2 mM acetate) solution, prepared using real seawater. The MBR showed stable performance with nitrogen removal rate of 0.3 kg-N m-3 d-1 at >90% N-removal efficiency. Furthermore, results of 15N stable isotope experiments revealed that anammox bacteria was mainly responsible for respiratory ammonification through NO3- reduction to NH4+ via NO2-, and the by-products of respiratory ammonification were used as substrates by anammox bacteria. The dominant role of anammox bacteria in nitrogen removal under saline and organic conditions was further confirmed by genome-centric combined metagenomics and meta-transcriptomic approach. Taken together, these results highlight the potential application of marine anammox bacteria for treating saline wastewater generated from seawater toilet flushing practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dario Rangel Shaw
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pascal E Saikaly
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oshiki M, Hiraizumi H, Satoh H, Okabe S. Cell Density-dependent Anammox Activity of Candidatus Brocadia sinica Regulated by N-acyl Homoserine Lactone-mediated Quorum Sensing. Microbes Environ 2020; 35:ME20086. [PMID: 33100282 PMCID: PMC7734396 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me20086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria is considered to depend on cell density; however, this has not yet been confirmed due to the fastidious nature of anammox bacteria (e.g., slow growth, oxygen sensitivity, and rigid aggregate formation). In the present study, the cell density-dependent occurrence of anammox activity (14-15N2 gas production rate) was investigated using planktonic enrichment cultures of Candidatus Brocadia sinica. This activity was detectable when the density of cells was higher than 107 cells mL-1 and became stronger with increases in cell density. At the cell densities, the transcription of the BROSI_A1042 and BROSI_A3652 genes, which are potentially involved in the biosynthesis and reception of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL), was detectable in Brocadia sinica cells. The presence of AHL molecules in the MBR culture of B. sinica was confirmed by an AHL reporter assay and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. The exogenous addition of the MBR culture extract and AHL molecules (a cocktail of C6, C8, C10, and C12-homoserine lactones) increased the specific 14-15N2 production rate of B. sinica. These results suggest that the specific anammox activity of B. sinica is regulated by AHL-mediated quorum sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Oshiki
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060–8628, Japan
| | - Haruna Hiraizumi
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060–8628, Japan
| | - Hisashi Satoh
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060–8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060–8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Draft Genome Sequence of a Novel Marine Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacterium, " Candidatus Scalindua sp.". Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/20/e00297-19. [PMID: 31097503 PMCID: PMC6522788 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00297-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacterium was detected in an upflow column reactor treating synthetic nitrogen-rich saline solution. Here, we assembled a 4.59-Mb draft genome sequence of this bacterium, identified as a member of the genus "Candidatus Scalindua," that has 84% nucleotide-level genomic similarity with the closest related anammox bacterium ("Candidatus Scalindua rubra").
Collapse
|
20
|
Kawagoshi Y, Yamashita Y, Van Duc L, Hama T, Ito H. Changes of nitrogen-removal performance and that of the bacterial community in a mixed culture comprising freshwater and marine anammox bacteria under averaged environmental condition. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:609-617. [PMID: 30447609 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-removal processes using anammox bacteria are expected to achieve high-rate removal while remaining economical, and their practical applications have been investigated. However, anammox bacteria still have unfavorable characteristics for practical use, including susceptibility to a change in environmental conditions. In this study, with an aim of exploring the adaptability of mixed anammox bacteria to environmental conditions, the shift of nitrogen-removal performance and bacterial community in a mixed culture comprising freshwater anammox bacteria (FAB) and marine anammox bacteria (MAB) were investigated by a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The CSTR inoculated with the mixed anammox bacteria was operated for 180 days under an averaged condition between freshwater and marine conditions with a temperature of 27.5 °C and a synthetic medium with 15 g/L NaCl was used. Nitrogen-removal performance became stable after 114 days and more than 90% of nitrogen that was loaded into the reactor was removed in the range of nitrogen loading rate 0.07-0.42 kg N/m3/d. After operating at 0.42 kg N/m3/d for one month, a biomass sample was taken and its bacterial community was analyzed by clone-library analysis using a partial sequence of 16S rRNA. Among the clones of anammox bacteria that were made by an anammox-bacteria-specific primer, 97% of them were MAB and only 3% were FAB. These results indicate that the bacterial community including anammox bacteria was evidently changed due to environmental conditions and that the averaged condition in this study was suitable for marine bacteria rather than freshwater bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Kawagoshi
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management (CWMD), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yamashita
- Kyushukensetsu Consultant Co., Ltd, 936-1 Magari, Oita 870-0946, Japan
| | - Luong Van Duc
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management (CWMD), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takehide Hama
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management (CWMD), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ito
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management (CWMD), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Salinity-driven heterogeneity toward anammox distribution and growth kinetics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:1953-1960. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
22
|
Carbon and nitrogen removal through “Candidatus Brocadia sinica”-dominated simultaneous anammox and denitrification (SAD) process treating saline wastewater. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Li J, Qi P, Qiang Z, Dong H, Gao D, Wang D. Is anammox a promising treatment process for nitrogen removal from nitrogen-rich saline wastewater? BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:722-731. [PMID: 30193879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly growing discharge of nitrogen-rich saline wastewater has significantly affect environment. However, due to the inhibition resulting from high salinity on microbes, it is still a challenge to treat nitrogen-rich saline wastewater efficiently. Anammox process, as a cost-effective and environment-friendly nitrogen removal approach, has shown a potential in treating nitrogen-rich saline wastewater. This review is conducted from a critical perspective and provides a comprehensive overview on the performance of anammox process treating nitrogen-rich saline wastewater. Two strategies including freshwater-derived anammox bacteria acclimatization and marine anammox bacteria enrichment are evaluated. Second, effects resulting from salinity on the performance of anammox reactor, the microbial communities and sludge characteristics are discussed. Third, salinity-tolerant mechanism of anammox bacteria is analyzed. This review also reveals some critical knowledge gaps and future research needs, which benefits application of anammox process to treat nitrogen-rich saline wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Panqing Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dawen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dan Wang
- National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mojiri A, Nishimoto K, Awata T, Aoi Y, Ozaki N, Ohashi A, Kindaichi T. Effects of Salts on the Activity and Growth of "Candidatus Scalindua sp.", a Marine Anammox Bacterium. Microbes Environ 2018; 33:336-339. [PMID: 30146541 PMCID: PMC6167117 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me18068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Four salts, SEALIFE (a synthetic sea salt), NaCl, Na2SO4, and NaCl+KCl, were applied to monitor the effects of salinity on "Candidatus Scalindua sp.", a marine anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacterium. The highest ammonium consumption of 10 μmol mg protein-1 d-1 was observed at 88 mmol L-1 of Na in the presence of NaCl. The highest inorganic carbon uptake of 0.6 μmol mg protein-1 d-1 was observed at 117 mmol L-1 of Na and at 16 mmol L-1 of K in the presence of NaCl+KCl. Thus, Na and K are both important for maintaining a high growth rate of "Candidatus Scalindua sp."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mojiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University1–4–1, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739–8527Japan
| | - Kazuma Nishimoto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University1–4–1, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739–8527Japan
| | - Takanori Awata
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya UniversityFuro-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464–8601Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Aoi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University1–3–1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739–8530Japan
| | - Noriatsu Ozaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University1–4–1, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739–8527Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Ohashi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University1–4–1, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739–8527Japan
| | - Tomonori Kindaichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University1–4–1, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739–8527Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Takenaka R, Aoi Y, Ozaki N, Ohashi A, Kindaichi T. Specificities and Efficiencies of Primers Targeting Candidatus Phylum Saccharibacteria in Activated Sludge. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071129. [PMID: 29970836 PMCID: PMC6073563 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Candidatus Saccharibacteria is a well-described candidate phylum that has not been successfully isolated. Nevertheless, its presence was suggested by 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, and it is frequently detected in natural environments and activated sludge. Because pure culture representatives of Candidatus Saccharibacteria are lacking, the specificity of primers for the determination of their abundance and diversity should be carefully evaluated. In this study, eight Candidatus Saccharibacteria-specific primers were selected from previous studies and evaluated for their coverage against a public database, annealing temperature of the combined primer sets, as well as their utilization to determine the detection frequencies and phylogenetic diversity by cloning analysis, and in quantification by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the eight primers, four primers (TM7314F, TM7580F, TM7-910R, and TM7-1177R) showed high coverage. Cloning analysis showed that four primer sets (TM7314F and TM7-910R, TM7314F and TM7-1177R, TM7580F and TM7-910R, and TM7580F and TM7-1177R) yielded high detection frequencies for Candidatus Saccharibacteria in activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in Higashihiroshima City, Japan. Quantitative PCR results indicated that the primer set containing TM7314F and TM7-910R was superior for the specific detection of Candidatus Saccharibacteria in activated sludge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Takenaka
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Yoshiteru Aoi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8530, Japan.
| | - Noriatsu Ozaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Akiyoshi Ohashi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Tomonori Kindaichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Van Duc L, Song B, Ito H, Hama T, Otani M, Kawagoshi Y. High growth potential and nitrogen removal performance of marine anammox bacteria in shrimp-aquaculture sediment. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 196:69-77. [PMID: 29291516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria were enriched in continuous packed-bed columns with marine sediment. One column (SB-C) was packed with only marine sediment collected from a shrimp-aquaculture pond, and another column (SB-AMX) was inoculated with marine anammox bacteria (MAB) as a control. These columns were continuously fed with natural or artificial seawater including ammonium (NH4+) and nitrite (NO2-). The SB-AMX showed anammox activities from the beginning and continued for over 200 days. However, the SB-C had no nitrogen removal performance for over 170 days. After adding a bicarbonate solution (KHCO3) to the sediment-only packed column, anammox activity was observed within 13 days. The column exhibited a nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of 88% at a nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 1.0 kg-N·m-3·day-1, which was comparable to the control one. A next-generation sequencing analysis revealed the predominance of MAB related to "Candidatus Scalindua spp.". In addition, the co-occurrence of sulfur-oxidizing denitrifiers was observed, which suggests their symbiotic relationship. This study suggests the applicability of MAB for in-situ bioremediation of nitrogen-contaminated marine sediments and reveals a potential microbial interaction between anammox and sulfur-oxidizing communities responsible for nitrogen and sulfur cycling in marine aquaculture systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luong Van Duc
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan; Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Bongkeun Song
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, USA
| | - Hiroaki Ito
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takehide Hama
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Otani
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kawagoshi
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Oshiki M, Mizuto K, Kimura ZI, Kindaichi T, Satoh H, Okabe S. Genetic diversity of marine anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria as revealed by genomic and proteomic analyses of 'Candidatus Scalindua japonica'. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 9:550-561. [PMID: 28892310 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria affiliated with the genus 'Candidatus Scalindua' are responsible for significant nitrogen loss in oceans, and thus their ecophysiology is of great interest. Here, we enriched a marine anammox bacterium, 'Ca. S. japonica' from a Hiroshima bay sediment in Japan, and comparative genomic and proteomic analyses of 'Ca. S. japonica' were conducted. Sequence of the 4.81-Mb genome containing 4019 coding regions of genes (CDSs) composed of 47 contigs was determined. In the proteome, 1762 out of 4019 CDSs in the 'Ca. S. japonica' genome were detected. Based on the genomic and proteomic data, the core anammox process and carbon fixation of 'Ca. S. japonica' were further investigated. Additionally, the present study provides the first detailed insights into the genetic background responsible for iron acquisition and menaquinone biosynthesis in anammox bacterial cells. Comparative analysis of the 'Ca. Scalindua' genomes revealed that the 1502 genes found in the 'Ca. S. japonica' genome were not present in the 'Ca. S. profunda' and 'Ca. S. rubra' genomes, showing a high genomic diversity. This result may reflect a high phylogenetic diversity of the genus 'Ca. Scalindua'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Oshiki
- Department of Civil Engineering, Nagaoka National College of Technology, 888 Nishikatakaimachi, Niigata 060-8628, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mizuto
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West-8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 940-8532, Japan
| | - Zen-Ichiro Kimura
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kindaichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hisashi Satoh
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West-8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 940-8532, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West-8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 940-8532, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Enrichment and physiological characterization of an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium ‘ Candidatus Brocadia sapporoensis’. Syst Appl Microbiol 2017; 40:448-457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
29
|
Rios-Del Toro EE, López-Lozano NE, Cervantes FJ. Up-flow anaerobic sediment trapped (UAST) reactor as a new configuration for the enrichment of anammox bacteria from marine sediments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:528-533. [PMID: 28475995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel reactor configuration for the enrichment of anammox bacteria from marine sediments was developed. Marine sediments were successfully kept inside the bioreactors during the enrichment process by strategically installing traps at different depths to prevent the wash-out of sediments. Three up-flow anaerobic sediment trapped (UAST) reactors were set up (α, β and ω supplied with 50, 150 and 300mgCa2+/L, respectively). Nitrogen removal rates (NRR) of up to 3.5gN/L-d and removal efficiencies of >95% were reached. Calcium enhanced biomass production as evidenced by increased volatile suspended solids and extracellular polymeric substances. After the long-term operation, dominant families detected were Rhodobacteracea, Flavobacteracea, and Alteromonadacea, while the main anammox genera detected in the three reactors were Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Anammoximicrobium. The UAST reactor is proposed as suitable technology for the enrichment of anammox bacteria applicable for the treatment of saline industrial wastewaters with high nitrogen content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Emilia Rios-Del Toro
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICyT), Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4ª Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78216, Mexico
| | - Nguyen E López-Lozano
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICyT), Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4ª Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78216, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Cervantes
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICyT), Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4ª Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78216, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang L, Narita Y, Gao L, Ali M, Oshiki M, Okabe S. Maximum specific growth rate of anammox bacteria revisited. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 116:296-303. [PMID: 28347953 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Anammox bacteria have long been considered to be slow-growing bacteria. However, it has recently been reported that they could grow much faster than previously thought when they were cultivated in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) with a step-wise decrease in the solid retention time (SRT). Here, we reevaluated the maximum specific growth rates (μmax) of three phylogenetically distant anammox bacterial species (i.e. "Ca. Brocadia sinica", "Ca. Jettenia caeni" and "Ca. Scalindua sp.") by directly measuring 16S rRNA gene copy numbers using newly developed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. When free-living planktonic "Ca. B. sinica" and "Ca. J. caeni" cells were immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) gel beads and cultivated in an up-flow column reactor with high substrate loading rates at 37 °C, the μmax were determined to be 0.33 ± 0.02 d-1 and 0.18 d-1 (corresponding doubling time of 2.1 day and 3.9 day) from the exponential increases in 16S rRNA genes copy numbers, respectively. These values were faster than the fastest growth rates reported for these species so far. The cultivation of anammox bacteria in gel beads was achieved less than one month without special cultivation method and selection pressure, and the exponential increase in 16S rRNA gene numbers was directly measured by qPCR with high reproducibility; therefore, the resulting μmax values were considered accurate. Taken together, the fast growth is, therefore, considered to be an intrinsic kinetic property of anammox bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuko Narita
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Lin Gao
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan; Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Divison, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamoru Oshiki
- Department of Civil Engineering, Nagaoka National College of Technology, 888 Nishikatakaimachi, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-0834, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Temperature dependence of nitrogen removal activity by anammox bacteria enriched at low temperatures. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:505-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
32
|
Sankoda K, Toda I, Sekiguchi K, Nomiyama K, Shinohara R. Aqueous secondary formation of brominated, chlorinated, and mixed halogenated pyrene in presence of halide ions. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:399-404. [PMID: 28033570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined the secondary production of halogenated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface seawater. Pyrene was selected as the model compound and exposed to UV irradiation in synthetic seawater for various irradiation times. Pyrene underwent rapid photochemical reactions that produced various halogenated derivatives including 1-chloropyrene, 1-bromopyrene, three unidentified dichloropyrenes, and three unidentified bromochloropyrenes. The production of 1-chloropyrene (220-360 nM) was higher than that of 1-bromopyrene (7.3-12 nM), reflecting the high chlorine content of seawater. A pilot field survey was conducted to test the environmental implications of these results, and fresh, brackish, and seawater samples were collected in southwestern Japan. The variation in the concentration ratios between 1-chloropyrene and pyrene implied the presence of a specific source of 1-chloropyrene in coastal water, which can be partly explained by the secondary production observed in our photolysis experiments. In sum, the photochemical reactions of PAHs are a potential secondary source of halogenated PAHs, especially in marine environments heavily contaminated with PAHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Sankoda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
| | - Izumi Toda
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sekiguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (CMES), Ehime University, 2-3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Ryota Shinohara
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kindaichi T, Awata T, Mugimoto Y, Rathnayake RMLD, Kasahara S, Satoh H. Effects of organic matter in livestock manure digester liquid on microbial community structure and in situ activity of anammox granules. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:300-307. [PMID: 27314631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising process for NH4(+)-rich wastewaters such as anaerobic digester liquids. In the present study, we investigated various properties of an up-flow column reactor containing anammox granules and fed with a real digester liquid at four different concentrations (Phases 1 to 4). The efficiencies of NH4(+) and NO2(-) removal decreased by up to 32% and 42%, respectively, in the digester-liquid-fed reactor (reactor-DL). When the performance of reactor-DL deteriorated, the community structure, spatial distribution, and in situ anammox activity in the two reactors were further investigated using 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and microelectrode measurements. The phylogenetic analysis and FISH results showed that non-anammox bacteria were predominant in the granule outer layers in reactor-DL, whereas anammox bacteria still dominated the granule interiors. Microelectrode measurements showed clear evidence of NH4(+) oxidation activity in the interiors of granules from reactor-DL. Batch experiments using anammox granules at different acetate concentrations indicated that concentrations up to 50 mM had no effects on the anammox activity, whereas inorganic carbon uptake decreased in the presence of acetate. The present study clearly shows that the anammox activity and anammox bacterial density in the granules were maintained after feeding the digester liquid to the reactor for 140 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Kindaichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Takanori Awata
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mugimoto
- Tokyo Engineering Consultants Co., Ltd., 3-7-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0013, Japan
| | - Rathnayake M L D Rathnayake
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kasahara
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Hisashi Satoh
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zheng B, Zhang L, Guo J, Zhang S, Yang A, Peng Y. Suspended sludge and biofilm shaped different anammox communities in two pilot-scale one-stage anammox reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 211:273-279. [PMID: 27023382 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and diversity of anammox bacteria was investigated in two pilot-scale integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) reactors treating high ammonium wastewater. Reactor A was inoculated with nitrifying sludge, while Reactor B was inoculated with suspended anammox sludge with the dominant anammox bacteria of Candidatus 'Kuenenia'. After 180days' operation, the predominate anammox bacteria was Candidatus 'Brocadia' (65%) in the biofilm, while Candidatus 'Kuenenia' (86%) outcompeted with other anammox bacteria in suspended sludge in Reactor A. Candidatus 'Kuenenia' were dominated in suspended sludge through the entire experiment in Reactor B. In contrast, the predominated species shifted from Candidatus 'Kuenenia' (89%) into Candidatus 'Brocadia' (66%) in the biofilm of Reactor B. This study indicated that Candidatus 'Brocadia' preferred to grow in the biofilm, while Candidatus 'Kuenenia' would dominant over other anammox bacteria in the suspended sludge. Further studies are required to identify the internal factors affecting the distribution of anammox bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd (BDG), Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd (BDG), Beijing, China
| | - Anming Yang
- Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd (BDG), Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kindaichi T, Yamaoka S, Uehara R, Ozaki N, Ohashi A, Albertsen M, Nielsen PH, Nielsen JL. Phylogenetic diversity and ecophysiology of Candidate phylum Saccharibacteria in activated sludge. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw078. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
36
|
Wei Q, Kawagoshi Y, Huang X, Hong N, Van Duc L, Yamashita Y, Hama T. Nitrogen removal properties in a continuous marine anammox bacteria reactor under rapid and extensive salinity changes. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 148:444-451. [PMID: 26845464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Salinity tolerance is one of the most important factors for the application of bioreactors to high-salinity wastewater. Although marine anammox bacteria (MAB) might be expected to tolerate higher salinities than freshwater anammox bacteria, there is little information on the effects of salinity on MAB activity. This study aimed to reveal the nitrogen removal properties in a continuous MAB reactor under conditions of rapid and extensive salinity changes. The reactor demonstrated stable nitrogen removal performance with a removal efficiency of over 85% under salinity conditions ranging from 0 to 50 g/L NaCl. The reactor performance was also well maintained, even though the salinity was rapidly changed from 30 to 50 g/L and from 30 to 0 g/L. Other evidence suggested that the seawater medium used contained components essential for effective MAB performance. Bacterial community analysis using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) showed that planctomycete UKU-1, the dominant MAB species in the inoculum, was the main contributor to anammox activity under all conditions. The PCR-DGGE using a universal bacterial primer set showed different DNA band patterns between the reactor biomass sample collected under conditions of 75 g/L NaCl and all other conditions (0, 30, 50 and freshwater-medium). All DNA sequences determined were very similar to those of bacterial species from marine environments, anaerobic environments, or wastewater-treatment facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Wei
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kawagoshi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Xiaowu Huang
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Nian Hong
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Luong Van Duc
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamashita
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takehide Hama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Oshiki M, Satoh H, Okabe S. Ecology and physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:2784-96. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Oshiki
- Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Nagaoka College 888 Nishikatakaimachi Nagaoka Niigata 940‐0834 Japan
| | - Hisashi Satoh
- Division of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University North 13, West‐8 Sapporo Hokkaido 060‐8628 Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University North 13, West‐8 Sapporo Hokkaido 060‐8628 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Mori
- NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE)
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Awata T, Kindaichi T, Ozaki N, Ohashi A. Biomass yield efficiency of the marine anammox bacterium, "Candidatus Scalindua sp.," is affected by salinity. Microbes Environ 2015; 30:86-91. [PMID: 25740428 PMCID: PMC4356468 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth rate and biomass yield efficiency of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria are markedly lower than those of most other autotrophic bacteria. Among the anammox bacterial genera, the growth rate and biomass yield of the marine anammox bacterium "Candidatus Scalindua sp." is still lower than those of other anammox bacteria enriched from freshwater environments. The activity and growth of marine anammox bacteria are generally considered to be affected by the presence of salinity and organic compounds. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of salinity and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) on the anammox activity, inorganic carbon uptake, and biomass yield efficiency of "Ca. Scalindua sp." enriched from the marine sediments of Hiroshima Bay, Japan, were investigated in batch experiments. Differences in VFA concentrations (0-10 mM) were observed under varying salinities (0.5%-4%). Anammox activity was high at 0.5%-3.5% salinity, but was 30% lower at 4% salinity. In addition, carbon uptake was higher at 1.5%-3.5% salinity. The results of the present study clearly demonstrated that the biomass yield efficiency of the marine anammox bacterium "Ca. Scalindua sp." was significantly affected by salinity. On the other hand, the presence of VFAs up to 10 mM did not affect anammox activity, carbon uptake, or biomass yield efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Awata
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya UniversityNagoya 464–8603Japan
| | - Tomonori Kindaichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima UniversityHigashihiroshima 739–8527Japan
| | - Noriatsu Ozaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima UniversityHigashihiroshima 739–8527Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Ohashi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima UniversityHigashihiroshima 739–8527Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Isobe K, Ohte N. Ecological perspectives on microbes involved in N-cycling. Microbes Environ 2014; 29:4-16. [PMID: 24621510 PMCID: PMC4041230 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) cycles have been directly linked to the functional stability of ecosystems because N is an essential element for life. Furthermore, the supply of N to organisms regulates primary productivity in many natural ecosystems. Microbial communities have been shown to significantly contribute to N cycles because many N-cycling processes are microbially mediated. Only particular groups of microbes were implicated in N-cycling processes, such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification, until a few decades ago. However, recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and sophisticated isolation techniques have enabled microbiologists to discover that N-cycling microbes are unexpectedly diverse in their functions and phylogenies. Therefore, elucidating the link between biogeochemical N-cycling processes and microbial community dynamics can provide a more mechanistic understanding of N cycles than the direct observation of N dynamics. In this review, we summarized recent findings that characterized the microbes governing novel N-cycling processes. We also discussed the ecological role of N-cycling microbial community dynamics, which is essential for advancing our understanding of the functional stability of ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Isobe
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Ohte
- Department of Forest Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Narihiro T, Kamagata Y. Cultivating yet-to-be cultivated microbes: the challenge continues. Microbes Environ 2013; 28:163-5. [PMID: 23727826 PMCID: PMC4070670 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me2802rh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Narihiro
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 6, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8566, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Oshiki M, Awata T, Kindaichi T, Satoh H, Okabe S. Cultivation of planktonic anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria using membrane bioreactor. Microbes Environ 2013; 28:436-43. [PMID: 24200833 PMCID: PMC4070702 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enrichment cultures of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria as planktonic cell suspensions are essential for studying their ecophysiology and biochemistry, while their cultivation is still laborious. The present study aimed to cultivate two phylogenetically distinct anammox bacteria, "Candidatus Brocadia sinica" and "Ca. Scalindua sp." in the form of planktonic cells using membrane bioreactors (MBRs). The MBRs were continuously operated for more than 250 d with nitrogen loading rates of 0.48-1.02 and 0.004-0.09 kgN m(-3) d(-1) for "Ca. Brocadia sinica" and "Ca. Scalindua sp.", respectively. Planktonic anammox bacterial cells were successfully enriched (>90%) in the MBRs, which was confirmed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The decay rate and half-saturation constant for NO2(-) of "Ca. Brocadia sinica" were determined to be 0.0029-0.0081 d(-1) and 0.47 mgN L(-1), respectively, using enriched planktonic cells. The present study demonstrated that MBR enables the culture of planktonic anammox bacterial cells, which are suitable for studying their ecophysiology and biochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Oshiki
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West-8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060–8628, Japan
| | - Takanori Awata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineerging, Hiroshima University, 1–4–1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739–8527, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kindaichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineerging, Hiroshima University, 1–4–1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739–8527, Japan
| | - Hisashi Satoh
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West-8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060–8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West-8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060–8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nitrate-dependent ferrous iron oxidation by anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:4087-93. [PMID: 23624480 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00743-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined nitrate-dependent Fe(2+) oxidation mediated by anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria. Enrichment cultures of "Candidatus Brocadia sinica" anaerobically oxidized Fe(2+) and reduced NO3(-) to nitrogen gas at rates of 3.7 ± 0.2 and 1.3 ± 0.1 (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) nmol mg protein(-1) min(-1), respectively (37°C and pH 7.3). This nitrate reduction rate is an order of magnitude lower than the anammox activity of "Ca. Brocadia sinica" (10 to 75 nmol NH4(+) mg protein(-1) min(-1)). A (15)N tracer experiment demonstrated that coupling of nitrate-dependent Fe(2+) oxidation and the anammox reaction was responsible for producing nitrogen gas from NO3(-) by "Ca. Brocadia sinica." The activities of nitrate-dependent Fe(2+) oxidation were dependent on temperature and pH, and the highest activities were seen at temperatures of 30 to 45°C and pHs ranging from 5.9 to 9.8. The mean half-saturation constant for NO3(-) ± SD of "Ca. Brocadia sinica" was determined to be 51 ± 21 μM. Nitrate-dependent Fe(2+) oxidation was further demonstrated by another anammox bacterium, "Candidatus Scalindua sp.," whose rates of Fe(2+) oxidation and NO3(-) reduction were 4.7 ± 0.59 and 1.45 ± 0.05 nmol mg protein(-1) min(-1), respectively (20°C and pH 7.3). Co-occurrence of nitrate-dependent Fe(2+) oxidation and the anammox reaction decreased the molar ratios of consumed NO2(-) to consumed NH4(+) (ΔNO2(-)/ΔNH4(+)) and produced NO3(-) to consumed NH4(+) (ΔNO3(-)/ΔNH4(+)). These reactions are preferable to the application of anammox processes for wastewater treatment.
Collapse
|
44
|
Physiological characterization of an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium belonging to the "Candidatus scalindua" group. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:4145-8. [PMID: 23584767 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00056-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic affiliation and physiological characteristics (e.g., Ks and maximum specific growth rate [μmax]) of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacterium, "Candidatus Scalindua sp.," enriched from the marine sediment of Hiroshima Bay, Japan, were investigated. "Candidatus Scalindua sp." exhibits higher affinity for nitrite and a lower growth rate and yield than the known anammox species.
Collapse
|
45
|
Dang H, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Yu Z, Hua E, Liu X, Jiao N. Molecular detection of Candidatus Scalindua pacifica and environmental responses of sediment anammox bacterial community in the Bohai Sea, China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61330. [PMID: 23577216 PMCID: PMC3620062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bohai Sea is a large semi-enclosed shallow water basin, which receives extensive river discharges of various terrestrial and anthropogenic materials such as sediments, nutrients and contaminants. How these terrigenous inputs may influence the diversity, community structure, biogeographical distribution, abundance and ecophysiology of the sediment anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria was unknown. To answer this question, an investigation employing both 16S rRNA and hzo gene biomarkers was carried out. Ca. Scalindua bacteria were predominant in the surface sediments of the Bohai Sea, while non-Scalindua anammox bacteria were also detected in the Yellow River estuary and inner part of Liaodong Bay that received strong riverine and anthropogenic impacts. A novel 16S rRNA gene sequence clade was identified, putatively representing an anammox bacterial new candidate species tentatively named "Ca. Scalindua pacifica". Several groups of environmental factors, usually with distinct physicochemical or biogeochemical natures, including general marine and estuarine physicochemical properties, availability of anammox substrates (inorganic N compounds), alternative reductants and oxidants, environmental variations caused by river discharges and associated contaminants such as heavy metals, were identified to likely play important roles in influencing the ecology and biogeochemical functioning of the sediment anammox bacteria. In addition to inorganic N compounds that might play a key role in shaping the anammox microbiota, organic carbon, organic nitrogen, sulfate, sulfide and metals all showed the potentials to participate in the anammox process, releasing the strict dependence of the anammox bacteria upon the direct availability of inorganic N nutrients that might be limiting in certain areas of the Bohai Sea. The importance of inorganic N nutrients and certain other environmental factors to the sediment anammox microbiota suggests that these bacteria were active for the in situ N transforming process and maintained a versatile life style well adapted to the varying environmental conditions of the studied coastal ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tao Y, Gao DW, Wang HY, de Kreuk M, Ren NQ. Ecological characteristics of seeding sludge triggering a prompt start-up of anammox. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 133:475-481. [PMID: 23454804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Anammox start-up can be limited by the availability of seeding biomass in some areas. Previous studies have listed suitable alternative seeding sludge for anammox start-up such as anaerobic digestion sludge and conventional activated sludge (CAS), the ecological reasons behind has long been ignored. In this study, the inherent ecological factors that trigger a prompt start-up of anammox were identified, focusing on the initial relative abundance and concentration of anammox bacteria. An external membrane bioreactor was utilized as an enriching tool due to its suitability of retaining cells. Results revealed that a high initial concentration of anammox bacteria benefitted the start-up, meanwhile an even community seeding sludge (Gini coefficient<0.25) gained a more than three-time higher anammox activity compared to the uneven one (Gini coefficient>0.5). The discovery reminds to select the seeding sludge that is ecologically appropriate rather than to only care for the type of sludge in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Oshiki M, Onuki M, Satoh H, Mino T. Microbial community composition of polyhydroxyalkanoate-accumulating organisms in full-scale wastewater treatment plants operated in fully aerobic mode. Microbes Environ 2012; 28:96-104. [PMID: 23257912 PMCID: PMC4070681 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The removal of biodegradable organic matter is one of the most important objectives in biological wastewater treatments. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-accumulating organisms (PHAAOs) significantly contribute to the removal of biodegradable organic matter; however, their microbial community composition is mostly unknown. In the present study, the microbial community composition of PHAAOs was investigated at 8 full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), operated in fully aerobic mode, by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and post-FISH Nile blue A (NBA) staining techniques. Our results demonstrated that 1) PHAAOs were in the range of 11–18% in the total number of cells, and 2) the microbial community composition of PHAAOs was similar at the bacterial domain/phylum/class/order level among the 8 full-scale WWTPs, and dominant PHAAOs were members of the class Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. The microbial community composition of α- and β-proteobacterial PHAAOs was examined by 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis and further by applying a set of newly designed oligonucleotide probes targeting 16S rRNA gene sequences of α- or β-proteobacterial PHAAOs. The results demonstrated that the microbial community composition of PHAAOs differed in the class Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria, which possibly resulted in a different PHA accumulation capacity among the WWTPs (8.5–38.2 mg-C g-VSS−1 h−1). The present study extended the knowledge of the microbial diversity of PHAAOs in full-scale WWTPs operated in fully aerobic mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Oshiki
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bandara WMKRTW, Kindaichi T, Satoh H, Sasakawa M, Nakahara Y, Takahashi M, Okabe S. Anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater at ambient temperature: Analysis of archaeal community structure and recovery of dissolved methane. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:5756-5764. [PMID: 22921025 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic treatment is an attractive option for the biological treatment of municipal wastewater. In this study, municipal wastewater was anaerobically treated with a bench-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at temperatures from 6 to 31 °C for 18 months to investigate total chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, archaeal community structure, and dissolved methane (D-CH(4)) recovery efficiency. The COD removal efficiency was more than 50% in summer and below 40% in winter with no evolution of biogas. Analysis of the archaeal community structures of the granular sludge from the UASB using 16S rRNA gene-cloning indicated that after microorganisms had adapted to low temperatures, the archaeal community had a lower diversity and the relative abundance of acetoclastic methanogens decreased together with an increase in hydrogenotrophic methanogens. D-CH(4), which was detected in the UASB effluent throughout the operation, could be collected with a degassing membrane. The ratio of the collection to recovery rates was 60% in summer and 100% in winter. For anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater at lower temperatures, hydrogenotrophic methanogens play an important role in COD removal and D-CH(4) can be collected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and avoid wastage of energy resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wasala M K R T W Bandara
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kindaichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hisashi Satoh
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Manabu Sasakawa
- Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., Aqua Development Center, 4-1-2 Ushikawadori, Toyohashi, Aichi 440-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakahara
- Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., Aqua Development Center, 4-1-2 Ushikawadori, Toyohashi, Aichi 440-8601, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takahashi
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Temperature dependence for anammox bacteria enriched from freshwater sediments. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 114:429-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
50
|
Kartal B, van Niftrik L, Keltjens JT, Op den Camp HJM, Jetten MSM. Anammox--growth physiology, cell biology, and metabolism. Adv Microb Physiol 2012; 60:211-62. [PMID: 22633060 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398264-3.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are the last major addition to the nitrogen-cycle (N-cycle). Because of the presumed inert nature of ammonium under anoxic conditions, the organisms were deemed to be nonexistent until about 15 years ago. They, however, appear to be present in virtually any anoxic place where fixed nitrogen (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite) is found. In various mar`ine ecosystems, anammox bacteria are a major or even the only sink for fixed nitrogen. According to current estimates, about 50% of all nitrogen gas released into the atmosphere is made by these bacteria. Besides this, the microorganisms may be very well suited to be applied as an efficient, cost-effective, and environmental-friendly alternative to conventional wastewater treatment for the removal of nitrogen. So far, nine different anammox species divided over five genera have been enriched, but none of these are in pure culture. This number is only a modest reflection of a continuum of species that is suggested by 16S rRNA analyses of environmental samples. In their environments, anammox bacteria thrive not just by competition, but rather by delicate metabolic interactions with other N-cycle organisms. Anammox bacteria owe their position in the N-cycle to their unique property to oxidize ammonium in the absence of oxygen. Recent research established that they do so by activating the compound into hydrazine (N(2)H(4)), using the oxidizing power of nitric oxide (NO). NO is produced by the reduction of nitrite, the terminal electron acceptor of the process. The forging of the N-N bond in hydrazine is catalyzed by hydrazine synthase, a fairly slow enzyme and its low activity possibly explaining the slow growth rates and long doubling times of the organisms. The oxidation of hydrazine results in the formation of the end product (N(2)), and electrons that are invested both in electron-transport phosphorylation and in the regeneration of the catabolic intermediates (N(2)H(4), NO). Next to this, the electrons provide the reducing power for CO(2) fixation. The electron-transport phosphorylation machinery represents another unique characteristic, as it is most likely localized on a special cell organelle, the anammoxosome, which is surrounded by a glycerolipid bilayer of ladder-like ("ladderane") cyclobutane and cyclohexane ring structures. The use of ammonium and nitrite as sole substrates might suggest a simple metabolic system, but the contrary seems to be the case. Genome analysis and ongoing biochemical research reveal an only partly understood redundancy in respiratory systems, featuring an unprecedented collection of cytochrome c proteins. The presence of the respiratory systems lends anammox bacteria a metabolic versatility that we are just beginning to appreciate. A specialized use of substrates may provide different anammox species their ecological niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boran Kartal
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Wetland and Water Research (IWWR), Faculty of Science, Radboud University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|