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Huertas V, Jiménez A, Diánez F, Chelhaoui R, Santos M. Importance of Dark Septate Endophytes in Agriculture in the Face of Climate Change. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:329. [PMID: 38786684 PMCID: PMC11122602 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a notable challenge for agriculture as it affects crop productivity and yield. Increases in droughts, salinity, and soil degradation are some of the major consequences of climate change. The use of microorganisms has emerged as an alternative to mitigate the effects of climate change. Among these microorganisms, dark septate endophytes (DSEs) have garnered increasing attention in recent years. Dark septate endophytes have shown a capacity for mitigating and reducing the harmful effects of climate change in agriculture, such as salinity, drought, and the reduced nutrient availability in the soil. Various studies show that their association with plants helps to reduce the harmful effects of abiotic stresses and increases the nutrient availability, enabling the plants to thrive under adverse conditions. In this study, the effect of DSEs and the underlying mechanisms that help plants to develop a higher tolerance to climate change were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mila Santos
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (V.H.); (A.J.); (F.D.); (R.C.)
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Cheng S, Jiang JW, Tan LT, Deng JX, Liang PY, Su H, Sun ZX, Zhou Y. Plant Growth-Promoting Ability of Mycorrhizal Fusarium Strain KB-3 Enhanced by Its IAA Producing Endohyphal Bacterium, Klebsiella aerogenes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:855399. [PMID: 35495715 PMCID: PMC9051524 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.855399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum KB-3 had been reported as a mycorrhizal fungus of Bletilla striata, which can promote the seed germination and vegetative growth. Endohyphal bacteria were demonstrated in the hyphae of the KB-3 by 16S rDNA PCR amplification and SYTO-9 fluorescent nucleic acid staining. A strain Klebsiella aerogenes KE-1 was isolated and identified based on the multilocus sequence analysis. The endohyphal bacterium was successfully removed from the wild strain KB-3 (KB-3−), and GFP-labeled KE-1 was also transferred to the cured strain KB-3− (KB-3+). The production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the culturing broths of strains of KE-1, KB-3, KB-3−, and KB-3+ was examined by HPLC. Their IAA productions were estimated using Salkowski colorimetric technique. The highest concentrations of IAA were 76.9 (at 48 h after inoculation), 31.4, 9.6, and 19.4 μg/ml (at 60 h after inoculation), respectively. Similarly, the three fungal cultural broths exhibited plant promoting abilities on the tomato root and stem growth. The results indicated that the ability of mycorrhizal Fusarium strain KB-3 to promote plant growth was enhanced because its endohyphal bacterium, Klebsiella aerogenes KE-1, produced a certain amount of IAA.
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Plant-Microbe Interaction in Sustainable Agriculture: The Factors That May Influence the Efficacy of PGPM Application. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has caused considerable environmental damage over the years. However, the growing demand for food in the coming years and decades requires the use of increasingly productive and efficient agriculture. Several studies carried out in recent years have shown how the application of plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPMs) can be a valid substitute for chemical industry products and represent a valid eco-friendly alternative. However, because of the complexity of interactions created with the numerous biotic and abiotic factors (i.e., environment, soil, interactions between microorganisms, etc.), the different formulates often show variable effects. In this review, we analyze the main factors that influence the effectiveness of PGPM applications and some of the applications that make them a useful tool for agroecological transition.
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Hori Y, Fujita H, Hiruma K, Narisawa K, Toju H. Synergistic and Offset Effects of Fungal Species Combinations on Plant Performance. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:713180. [PMID: 34594312 PMCID: PMC8478078 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.713180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In natural and agricultural ecosystems, survival and growth of plants depend substantially on residing microbes in the endosphere and rhizosphere. Although numerous studies have reported the presence of plant-growth promoting bacteria and fungi in below-ground biomes, it remains a major challenge to understand how sets of microbial species positively or negatively affect plants' performance. By conducting a series of single- and dual-inoculation experiments of 13 plant-associated fungi targeting a Brassicaceae plant species (Brassica rapa var. perviridis), we here systematically evaluated how microbial effects on plants depend on presence/absence of co-occurring microbes. The comparison of single- and dual-inoculation experiments showed that combinations of the fungal isolates with the highest plant-growth promoting effects in single inoculations did not have highly positive impacts on plant performance traits (e.g., shoot dry weight). In contrast, pairs of fungi with small/moderate contributions to plant growth in single-inoculation contexts showed the greatest effects on plants among the 78 fungal pairs examined. These results on the offset and synergistic effects of pairs of microbes suggest that inoculation experiments of single microbial species/isolates can result in the overestimation or underestimation of microbial functions in multi-species contexts. Because keeping single-microbe systems under outdoor conditions is impractical, designing sets of microbes that can maximize performance of crop plants is an important step for the use of microbial functions in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Hori
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujita
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Hiruma
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Multi-Disciplinary Sciences Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hirokazu Toju
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Bastías DA, Johnson LJ, Card SD. Symbiotic bacteria of plant-associated fungi: friends or foes? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 56:1-8. [PMID: 31786411 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many bacteria form symbiotic associations with plant-associated fungi. The effects of these symbionts on host fitness usually depend on symbiont or host genotypes and environmental conditions. However, bacterial endosymbionts, that is those living within fungal cells, may positively regulate host performance as their survival is often heavily dependent on host fitness. Contrary to this, bacteria that establish ectosymbiotic associations with fungi, that is those located on the hyphal surface or in close vicinity to fungal mycelia, may not have an apparent net effect on fungal performance due to the low level of fitness dependency on their host. Our analysis supports the hypothesis that endosymbiotic bacteria of fungi are beneficial symbionts, and that effects of ectosymbiotic bacteria on fungal performance depends on the bacterial type involved in the interaction (e.g. helper versus pathogen of fungi). Ecological scenarios, where the presence of beneficial bacterial endosymbionts of fungi could be compromised, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Bastías
- Forage Science, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Linda J Johnson
- Forage Science, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Stuart D Card
- Forage Science, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Gazdag O, Kovács R, Parádi I, Füzy A, Ködöböcz L, Mucsi M, Szili-Kovács T, Inubushi K, Takács T. Density and Diversity of Microbial Symbionts under Organic and Conventional Agricultural Management. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:234-243. [PMID: 31189767 PMCID: PMC6759338 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me18138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of organic and conventional farming and agroecology on the diversity and functioning of indigenous soil microbial communities was examined using a multifactorial analysis based on an extended minimum data set of classical status and functional tests. Main soil physicochemical properties and selected microbiological indicators, the quantity of heterotrophic or aerobic spore-forming bacteria, basal and substrate-induced respiration, catabolic activity with MicroResp™, and fluorescein diacetate enzyme activity were characterized. A pot experiment applying the most probable number method was designed with soil dilution series using Pisum sativum L. and Triticum spelta L. to assess the symbiotic infectivity and genetic diversity of key indicator groups of the plant microbiome, e.g. nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Soil pH, humus content, CFU, enzyme activity, and soil respiration were significantly higher in organic soils. The activity of soil microorganisms was mainly related to clay, humus, calcium, and magnesium parameters. A redundancy analysis test of catabolic activities showed that samples were grouped according to different substrate utilization patterns and land uses were also clearly separated from each other. Farming practice influenced the abundance and diversity of microbial populations. Dark septate endophytic fungi were only found in conventional soils. In addition to confirming soil health improvements by organic management, our results highlight the importance of a complex evaluation including both classical status and functional parameters of soil microbiota, which may more reliably indicate a shift in the quality status of soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Gazdag
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
| | - Ramóna Kovács
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
| | - István Parádi
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd UniversityH 1117, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., BudapestHungary
| | - Anna Füzy
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
| | - László Ködöböcz
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
| | - Márton Mucsi
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
| | - Tibor Szili-Kovács
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
| | - Kazuyuki Inubushi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba UniversityMatsudo, ChibaJapan
| | - Tünde Takács
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
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Tamaki H. Cultivation Renaissance in the Post-Metagenomics Era: Combining the New and Old. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:117-120. [PMID: 31243255 PMCID: PMC6594738 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me3402rh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Tamaki
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Guo Y, Matsuoka Y, Miura T, Nishizawa T, Ohta H, Narisawa K. Complete genome sequence of Agrobacterium pusense VsBac-Y9, a bacterial symbiont of the dark septate endophytic fungus Veronaeopsis simplex Y34 with potential for improving fungal colonization in roots. J Biotechnol 2018; 284:31-36. [PMID: 30077583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A Rhizobium-related bacterium (Rhizobium sp. VsBac-Y9) is a symbiont living with the dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungus Veronaeopsis simplex Y34. Co-inoculation of Rhizobium sp. VsBac-Y9 with V. simplex Y34 improves the fungal colonization of tomato roots, resulting in a significant increase in aboveground biomass. This study sequenced the complete genome of this V. simplex-helper bacterium using the PacBio and Illumina MiSeq platforms. Hybrid assembly using SPAdes outputted a circular chromosome, a linear chromid, and a circular plasmid for a total genome 5,321,211 bp in size with a G + C content of 59.2%. Analysis of concatenated housekeeping genes (atpD-dnaK-groEL-lepA-recA-rpoB-thrE) and calculation of average nucleotide identity, showed that VsBac-Y9 was affiliated with the species Agrobacterium pusense (syn. Rhizobium pusense). Genome analysis revealed that A. pusense VsBac-Y9 contains a series of genes responsible for the host interactions with both fungus and plant. Such genomic information will provide new insights into developing co-inoculants of endophytic fungus and its symbiotic bacterium in future agricultural innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Yuuto Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takamasa Miura
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Nishizawa
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Narisawa
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University3–21–1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300–0393Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Narisawa
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University3–21–1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300–0393Japan
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