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Jiang F, Li J, Yu S, Miao J, Wang W, Xi X. Body fluids biomarkers associated with prognosis of acute ischemic stroke: progress and prospects. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:FSO931. [PMID: 38817358 PMCID: PMC11137785 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the most common strokes posing a grave threat to human life and health. Predicting the prognosis of AIS allows for an understanding of disease progress, and a better quality of life by making individualized treatment scheme. In this paper, we conducted a systematic search on PubMed, focusing on the relevant literature in the last 5 years. Summarizing the candidate prognostic biomarkers of AIS in body fluids such as blood, urine, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid is often of great significance for the management of acute ischemic stroke, which has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis, treatment, prevention and long-term outcome improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmang Jiang
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, PR China
| | - Junhua Li
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, PR China
| | - Simin Yu
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, PR China
| | - Jinli Miao
- Biological Medicine Research & Development Center, Yangtze Delta of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 314006, PR China
| | - Wenmin Wang
- Biological Medicine Research & Development Center, Yangtze Delta of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 314006, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Xi
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, PR China
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Carnwath TP, Demel SL, Prestigiacomo CJ. Genetics of ischemic stroke functional outcome. J Neurol 2024; 271:2345-2369. [PMID: 38502340 PMCID: PMC11055934 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, which accounts for 87% of cerebrovascular accidents, is responsible for massive global burden both in terms of economic cost and personal hardship. Many stroke survivors face long-term disability-a phenotype associated with an increasing number of genetic variants. While clinical variables such as stroke severity greatly impact recovery, genetic polymorphisms linked to functional outcome may offer physicians a unique opportunity to deliver personalized care based on their patient's genetic makeup, leading to improved outcomes. A comprehensive catalogue of the variants at play is required for such an approach. In this review, we compile and describe the polymorphisms associated with outcome scores such as modified Rankin Scale and Barthel Index. Our search identified 74 known genetic polymorphisms spread across 48 features associated with various poststroke disability metrics. The known variants span diverse biological systems and are related to inflammation, vascular homeostasis, growth factors, metabolism, the p53 regulatory pathway, and mitochondrial variation. Understanding how these variants influence functional outcome may be helpful in maximizing poststroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy P Carnwath
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Stacie L Demel
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Charles J Prestigiacomo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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Boukhatem I, Fleury S, Jourdi G, Lordkipanidzé M. The intriguing role of platelets as custodians of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102398. [PMID: 38706782 PMCID: PMC11066552 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A State of the Art lecture titled "Platelets and neurotrophins" was presented at the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress in 2023. Neurotrophins, a family of neuronal growth factors known to support cognitive function, are increasingly recognized as important players in vascular health. Indeed, along with their canonical receptors, neurotrophins are expressed in peripheral tissues, particularly in the vasculature. The better-characterized neurotrophin in vascular biology is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Its largest extracerebral pool resides within platelets, partly inherited from megakaryocytes and also likely internalized from circulation. Activation of platelets releases vast amounts of BDNF into their milieu and interestingly leads to platelet aggregation through binding of its receptor, the tropomyosin-related kinase B, on the platelet surface. As BDNF is readily available in plasma, a mechanism to preclude excessive platelet activation and aggregation appears critical. As such, binding of BDNF to α2-macroglobulin hinders its ability to bind its receptor and limits its platelet-activating effects to the site of vascular injury. Altogether, addition of BDNF to a forming clot facilitates not only paracrine platelet activation but also binding to fibrinogen, rendering the resulting clot more porous and plasma-permeable. Importantly, release of BDNF into circulation also appears to be protective against adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes, which has been reported in both animal models and epidemiologic studies. This opens an avenue for platelet-based strategies to deliver BDNF to vascular lesions and facilitate wound healing through its regenerative properties. Finally, we summarize relevant new data on this topic presented during the 2023 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Boukhatem
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Fleury
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Georges Jourdi
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Paris, France
- Service d’Hématologie Biologique, Assistance Publique : Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lordkipanidzé
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Yılmaz E, Baltaci SB, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK. The impact of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenic process in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults: a narrative review. Nutr Neurosci 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38151886 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2296165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide with more than half of survivors living with serious neurological sequelae thus, it has recently attracted considerable attention in the field of medical research. Neurogenesis is the process of formation of new neurons in the brain, including the human brain, from neural stem/progenitor cells [NS/PCs] which reside in neurogenic niches that contain the necessary substances for NS/PC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation into functioning neurons which can integrate into a pre-existing neural network.Neurogenesis can be modulated by many exogenous and endogenous factors, pathological conditions. Both brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and flavonoids can modulate the neurogenic process in physiological conditions and after various pathological conditions including ischemic insults. AIMS This review aims to discuss neurogenesis after ischemic insults and to determine the role of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions with a concentration on ischemic insults to the brain in particular. METHOD Relevant articles assessing the impact of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenic processes in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults within the timeline of 1965 until 2023 were searched using the PubMed database. CONCLUSIONS The selected studies have shown that ischemic insults to the brain induce NS/PC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation into functioning neurons integrating into a pre-existing neural network. Flavonoids and BDNF can modulate neurogenesis in the brain in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults. In conclusion, flavonoids and BDNF may be involved in post-ischemic brain repair processes through enhancing endogenous neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Yılmaz
- Selcuk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Selcuk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey
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Picciolini S, Mangolini V, Rodà F, Montesano A, Arnaboldi F, Liuzzi P, Mannini A, Bedoni M, Gualerzi A. Multiplexing Biosensor for the Detection of Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers of Tissue Damage and Recovery after Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097937. [PMID: 37175644 PMCID: PMC10177901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory, reparative and regenerative mechanisms activated in ischemic stroke patients immediately after the event cooperate in the response to injury, in the restoration of functions and in brain remodeling even weeks after the event and can be sustained by the rehabilitation treatment. Nonetheless, patients' response to treatments is difficult to predict because of the lack of specific measurable markers of recovery, which could be complementary to clinical scales in the evaluation of patients. Considering that Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are carriers of multiple molecules involved in the response to stroke injury, in the present study, we have identified a panel of EV-associated molecules that (i) confirm the crucial involvement of EVs in the processes that follow ischemic stroke, (ii) could possibly profile ischemic stroke patients at the beginning of the rehabilitation program, (iii) could be used in predicting patients' response to treatment. By means of a multiplexing Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging biosensor, subacute ischemic stroke patients were proven to have increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and translocator protein (TSPO) on the surface of small EVs in blood. Besides, microglia EVs and endothelial EVs were shown to be significantly involved in the intercellular communications that occur more than 10 days after ischemic stroke, thus being potential tools for the profiling of patients in the subacute phase after ischemic stroke and in the prediction of their recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Mangolini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25122 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Rodà
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milano, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42100 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Liuzzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 50143 Firenze, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Istituto di BioRobotica, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Andrea Mannini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 50143 Firenze, Italy
| | - Marzia Bedoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Gualerzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milano, Italy
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Otsuka S, Itashiki Y, Tani A, Matsuoka T, Takada S, Matsuzaki R, Nakanishi K, Norimatsu K, Tachibe Y, Kitazato R, Nojima N, Kakimoto S, Kikuchi K, Maruyama I, Sakakima H. Effects of different remote ischemia perconditioning methods on cerebral infarct volume and neurological impairment in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2158. [PMID: 36750711 PMCID: PMC9905538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) is a novel neuroprotective method against cerebral infarction that has shown efficacy in animal studies but has not been consistently neuroprotective in clinical trials. We focused on the temporal regulation of ischemia-reperfusion by RIPerC to establish an optimal method for RIPerC. Rats were assigned to four groups: 10 min ischemia, 5 min reperfusion; 10 min ischemia, 10 min reperfusion; 5 min ischemia, 10 min reperfusion; and no RIPerC. RIPerC interventions were performed during ischemic stroke, which was induced by a 60-min left middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volume, sensorimotor function, neurological deficits, and cellular expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and caspase 3 were evaluated 48 h after the induction of ischemia. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was also performed. RIPerC of 10 min ischemia/10 min reperfusion, and 5 min ischemia/10 min reperfusion decreased infarct volume, improved sensorimotor function, decreased Bax, caspase 3, and TUNEL-positive cells, and increased BDNF and Bcl-2 expressions. Our findings suggest RIPerC with a reperfusion time of approximately 10 min exerts its neuroprotective effects via an anti-apoptotic mechanism. This study provides important preliminary data to establish more effective RIPerC interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Otsuka
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Yuki Itashiki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akira Tani
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Teruki Matsuoka
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Seiya Takada
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Ryoma Matsuzaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kosuke Norimatsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yuta Tachibe
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Riho Kitazato
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Nao Nojima
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shogo Kakimoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.,Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Sakakima
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
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Lagging C, Klasson S, Pedersen A, Nilsson S, Jood K, Stanne TM, Jern C. Investigation of 91 proteins implicated in neurobiological processes identifies multiple candidate plasma biomarkers of stroke outcome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20080. [PMID: 36418382 PMCID: PMC9684578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The inter-individual variation in stroke outcomes is large and protein studies could point to potential underlying biological mechanisms. We measured plasma levels of 91 neurobiological proteins in 209 cases included in the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke using a Proximity Extension Assay, and blood was sampled in the acute phase and at 3-month and 7-year follow-ups. Levels were also determined once in 209 controls. Acute stroke severity and neurological outcome were evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. In linear regression models corrected for age, sex, and sampling day, acute phase levels of 37 proteins were associated with acute stroke severity, and 47 with 3-month and/or 7-year outcome at false discovery rate < 0.05. Three-month levels of 8 proteins were associated with 7-year outcome, of which the associations for BCAN and Nr-CAM were independent also of acute stroke severity. Most proteins followed a trajectory with lower levels in the acute phase compared to the 3-month follow-up and the control sampling point. Conclusively, we identified multiple candidate plasma biomarkers of stroke severity and neurological outcome meriting further investigation. This study adds novel information, as most of the reported proteins have not been previously investigated in a stroke cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Lagging
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XDepartment of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Klasson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annie Pedersen
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XDepartment of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Division of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Jood
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XDepartment of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tara M. Stanne
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Jern
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XDepartment of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Stockbridge MD, Vitti E, Faria AV, Hillis AE. Emotional and qualitative outcomes among patients with left and right hemisphere stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:969331. [DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.969331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The differences in mental health outcomes of right and left hemisphere strokes are well studied; however, there is a long-standing controversy surrounding whether depression is associated with lateralization of stroke or not. In this investigation, we examined the effect of lesion location on post-stroke depression controlling for lesion size and hemiparesis in a longitudinal sample assessed at acute, subacute, and chronic timepoints. As a secondary aim, we further examined the effect of lesion location on self-reported difficulties across a wide array of domains. A series of 134 patients with left hemisphere strokes and 79 with right hemisphere strokes completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and an inventory of post-stroke abilities at within acute, subacute, and chronic windows following stroke. When controlling for hemiparesis and overall lesion volume, we found no difference in depression between groups at any timepoint. Additional exploratory analyses provided a further look at differing challenges associated with depression in each group.
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Li Y, Li F, Qin D, Chen H, Wang J, Wang J, Song S, Wang C, Wang Y, Liu S, Gao D, Wang ZH. The role of brain derived neurotrophic factor in central nervous system. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:986443. [PMID: 36158555 PMCID: PMC9493475 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.986443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has multiple biological functions which are mediated by the activation of two receptors, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor and the p75 neurotrophin receptor, involving in physiological and pathological processes throughout life. The diverse presence and activity of BDNF indicate its potential role in the pathogenesis, progression and treatment of both neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge and future directions in BDNF-associated research in the central nervous system (CNS), with an emphasis on the physiological and pathological functions of BDNF as well as its potential treatment effects in CNS diseases, including depression, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiabei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shafei Song
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Songyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Hao Wang,
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Li Y, Han X, Luo S, Huang H, Huang X, Li M, Huang Y, Chen Y, Wu Z. Predictive value of longitudinal changes of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in acute ischemic stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:952038. [PMID: 36092813 PMCID: PMC9452807 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.952038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMatrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have documented roles in the inflammatory injury cascade of neurovascular units following ischemic brain injury. However, their dynamic changes and predictive values after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have not been well elucidated.ObjectiveTo investigate the temporal profiles of serum MMP-9 and BDNF concentrations and their relationship with the prognosis in patients with AIS.MethodsMMP-9 and BDNF levels were measured in 42 AIS patients in prospectively collected blood samples, which were taken on the first day (Day 1), the second day (Day 2), and the fifth day (Day 5) after admission. Healthy subjects (n = 40) were used as controls. The AIS patients were divided into groups of good functional prognosis (n = 24) and poor prognosis (n = 18) according to their modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months. Longitudinal analysis of MMP-9 and BDNF and their association with neurological prognosis was performed using repeated measurement ANOVA.ResultsAt baseline (Day 1), the levels of serum MMP-9 and BDNF were significantly higher in the AIS group than in the normal control group (P < 0.01). Repeated measurement ANOVA showed a significant main effect and interaction of MMP-9 between good prognosis and the poor group (P < 0.05). Further simple-effect analysis showed that the MMP-9 level was significantly increased in the poor prognosis group compared with the good prognosis group at T5 (P < 0.05). There were no significant time-dependent or the interaction effect (all P > 0.05), but a main effect (P < 0.05) for BDNF. Compared with the poor prognosis group, the simple-effect results indicated that the BDNF level of the good prognosis group was lower at Day 1, while the same was reversed for expression at Day 5 (P < 0.05).ConclusionMMP-9 and BDNF are closely related to the prognosis of patients with AIS in a time-dependent manner. The dynamic changes of the two biomarkers are superior to baseline levels in predicting the prognosis of AIS patients. A sustained decrease in MMP-9 and an increase in BDNF levels in AIS patients after several days of treatment implied a favourable prognosis.
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11
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Han G, Song L, Ding Z, Wang Q, Yan Y, Huang J, Ma C. The Important Double-Edged Role of Astrocytes in Neurovascular Unit After Ischemic Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:833431. [PMID: 35462697 PMCID: PMC9021601 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.833431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neurovascular unit (NVU) which is composed of neurons, astrocytes (Ast), microglia (MG), vascular cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), has become an attractive field in ischemic stroke. As the important component of NVU, Ast closely interacts with other constituents, which has been playing double-edged sword roles, beneficial or detrimental after ischemic stroke. Based on the pathophysiological changes, we evaluated some strategies for targeting Ast in treating ischemic stroke. The present review is focused on the roles of Ast in NVU and its complex signaling molecular network after ischemic stroke, which may be a prospective approach to the treatment of ischemic diseases in central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Han
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Song,
| | - Zhibin Ding
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
- Yuqing Yan,
| | - Jianjun Huang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, China
- Jianjun Huang,
| | - Cungen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
- Cungen Ma,
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12
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Mojtabavi H, Shaka Z, Momtazmanesh S, Ajdari A, Rezaei N. Circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a potential biomarker in stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Transl Med 2022; 20:126. [PMID: 35287688 PMCID: PMC8919648 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke, an acute cerebrovascular event, is a leading cause of disability, placing a significant psycho-socioeconomic burden worldwide. The adaptation and reorganization process following any neuronal damage is regarded as neuroplasticity. Among many factors believed to attribute to this process, Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin coordinating neuroplasticity after various neurological disorders such as stroke. Methods We conducted a systematic search in the main electronic medical databases in January 2021. Primarily we want to compare BDNF levels between patients with stroke and healthy controls (HC). Additional aims included investigation of (1) longitudinal changes in the BDNF levels post-stroke, (2) effects of physical training, (3) repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and presence of depression on BDNF levels in patients with stroke. Results Among 6243 reviewed records from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, 62 studies were eligible for inclusion in our systematic review. Subjects with stroke, n = 1856, showed lower BDNF levels compared to HC, n = 1191 (SMD [95%CI] = − 1.04 [− 1.49 to − 0.58]). No significant difference was detected in the level of BDNF through time points past stroke. BDNF levels were lower in the patients with depression compared to non-depressed subjects (SMD [95%CI] = − 0.60 [− 1.10 to − 0.10]). Physical training had an immediate positive effect on the BDNF levels and not statistically significant effect in the long term; SMD [95%CI] = 0.49 [0.09 to 0.88]) and SMD [95%CI] = 0.02 [− 0.43 to 0.47]). Lastly, rTMS showed no effect on the level of BDNF with 0.00 SMD. Conclusions Our study confirms that stroke significantly decreases the level of BDNF in various domains such as cognition, affect, and motor function. As BDNF is the major representative of neuroplasticity within nervous system, it is believed that stroke has a significant impact on the CNS regeneration, which is permanent if left untreated. This effect is intensified with coexisting conditions such as depression which further decrease the BDNF level but the net impact yet needs to be discovered. We also conclude that exercise and some interventions such as different medications could effectively reverse the damage but further studies are crucial to reach the exact modality and dosage for their optimal effect. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03312-y.
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Liu J, Wang C. Microstructure and Genetic Polymorphisms: Role in Motor Rehabilitation After Subcortical Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:813756. [PMID: 35177977 PMCID: PMC8843845 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.813756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Motor deficits are the most common disability after stroke, and early prediction of motor outcomes is critical for guiding the choice of early interventions. Two main factors that may impact the response to rehabilitation are variations in the microstructure of the affected corticospinal tract (CST) and genetic polymorphisms in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The purpose of this article was to review the role of these factors in stroke recovery, which will be useful for constructing a predictive model of rehabilitation outcomes.Summary of Review: We review the microstructure of the CST, including its origins in the primary motor area (M1), primary sensory area (S1), premotor cortex (PMC), and supplementary motor area (SMA). Damage to these fibers is disease-causing and can directly affect rehabilitation after subcortical stroke. BDNF polymorphisms are not disease-causing but can indirectly affect neuroplasticity and thus motor recovery. Both factors are known to be correlated with motor recovery. Further work is needed using large longitudinal patient samples and animal experiments to better establish the role of these two factors in stroke rehabilitation.Conclusions: Microstructure and genetic polymorphisms should be considered possible predictors or covariates in studies investigating motor recovery after subcortical stroke. Future predictive models of stroke recovery will likely include a combination of structural and genetic factors to allow precise individualization of stroke rehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of MRI, Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Caihong Wang
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Huang CY, Chiang WC, Yeh YC, Fan SC, Yang WH, Kuo HC, Li PC. Effects of virtual reality-based motor control training on inflammation, oxidative stress, neuroplasticity and upper limb motor function in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:21. [PMID: 35016629 PMCID: PMC8751278 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immersive virtual reality (VR)-based motor control training (VRT) is an innovative approach to improve motor function in patients with stroke. Currently, outcome measures for immersive VRT mainly focus on motor function. However, serum biomarkers help detect precise and subtle physiological changes. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the effects of immersive VRT on inflammation, oxidative stress, neuroplasticity and upper limb motor function in stroke patients. METHODS Thirty patients with chronic stroke were randomized to the VRT or conventional occupational therapy (COT) groups. Serum biomarkers including interleukin 6 (IL-6), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were assessed to reflect inflammation, oxidative stress and neuroplasticity. Clinical assessments including active range of motion of the upper limb and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for upper extremity (FMA-UE) were also used. Two-way mixed analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to examine the effects of the intervention (VRT and COT) and time on serum biomarkers and upper limb motor function. RESULTS We found significant time effects in serum IL-6 (p = 0.010), HO-1 (p = 0.002), 8-OHdG (p = 0.045), and all items/subscales of the clinical assessments (ps < 0.05), except FMA-UE-Coordination/Speed (p = 0.055). However, significant group effects existed only in items of the AROM-Elbow Extension (p = 0.007) and AROM-Forearm Pronation (p = 0.048). Moreover, significant interactions between time and group existed in item/subscales of FMA-UE-Shoulder/Elbow/Forearm (p = 0.004), FMA-UE-Total score (p = 0.008), and AROM-Shoulder Flexion (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION This was the first study to combine the effectiveness of immersive VRT using serum biomarkers as outcome measures. Our study demonstrated promising results that support the further application of commercial and immersive VR technologies in patients with chronic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Huang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Yanchao Dist., Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Occupational Therapy, National Taiwan University, Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei, 100, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Chi Chiang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Yanchao Dist., Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Chin Yeh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, 741, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chen Fan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Yanchao Dist., Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Hsien Yang
- Tan-Chi International Technology Co., Ltd, 824, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Kawasaki Disease Center and Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ping-Chia Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Yanchao Dist., Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan, R.O.C..
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15
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Shoshina II, Hovis JK, Felisberti FM, Santos NA, Adreeva A, Butler PD, Fernandes TP. Visual processing and BDNF levels in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2021; 305:114200. [PMID: 34653830 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) have deficits in early visual processing, namely contrast processing. The brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is an important measure to investigate neuroplasticity in some visual functions like visual perception. In this study, we investigated the relationship between visual processing and BDNF levels in first-episode SCZ patients. Thirty-nine healthy controls and 43 first-episode SCZ patients were enrolled. Contrast sensitivity measurements were conducted using low, mid- and high spatial frequencies. First-episode SCZ patients had higher contrast sensitivity than healthy controls for all frequencies, except for the middle spatial frequency. Negative correlations were found between BDNF, contrast sensitivity and clinical variables, mostly for middle and high spatial frequencies among females. Our results provide support for (i) the association of SCZ with alterations of magno- and parvocellular pathway functioning and (ii) decreased BDNF levels in first-episode SCZ patients. This study highlights the importance of using biomarkers along with other measures to investigate visual processing in SCZ and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Shoshina
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Department of Visual Physiology, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation; St. Petersburg State University, Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Jeffery K Hovis
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Fatima M Felisberti
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Anna Adreeva
- St. Petersburg State University, Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Pamela D Butler
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Thiago P Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil; Perception, Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil.
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Biomarkers Predictive of Long-Term Outcome After Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2021; 163:e1-e42. [PMID: 34728391 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.10.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The goal of this study was to systematically review the utility of serum biomarkers in the setting of ischemic stroke (IS) to predict long-term outcome. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases for studies published between 1986-2018. All studies assessing long-term functional outcome (defined as 30 days or greater) following IS with respect to serum biomarkers were included. Data were extracted and pooled using a meta-analysis of odds ratios. RESULTS Of the total 2928 articles in the original literature search, 183 studies were ultimately selected. A total of 127 serum biomarkers were included. Biomarkers were grouped into several categories: inflammatory (32), peptide/enzymatic (30), oxidative/metabolic (28), hormone/steroid based (23), and hematologic/vascular (14). The most commonly studied biomarkers in each category were found to be CRP, S100β, albumin, copeptin, and D-dimer. With the exception of S100β, all were found to be statistically associated with >30-day outcome after ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Serum-based biomarkers have the potential to predict functional outcome in IS patients. This meta-analysis has identified CRP, albumin, copeptin, and D-dimer to be significantly associated with long-term outcome after IS. These biomarkers have the potential to serve as a platform for prognosticating stroke outcomes after 30 days. These serum biomarkers, some of which are routinely ordered, can be combined with imaging biomarkers and used in artificial intelligence algorithms to provide refined predictive outcomes after injury. Ultimately these tools will assist physicians in providing guidance to families with regards to long-term independence of patients.
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Gualerzi A, Picciolini S, Rodà F, Bedoni M. Extracellular Vesicles in Regeneration and Rehabilitation Recovery after Stroke. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:843. [PMID: 34571720 PMCID: PMC8465790 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients that survive after a stroke event may present disabilities that can persist for a long time or permanently after it. If stroke prevention fails, the prompt and combinatorial intervention with pharmacological and rehabilitation therapy is pivotal for the optimal recovery of patients and the reduction of disabilities. In the present review, we summarize some key features of the complex events that occur in the brain during and after the stroke event, with a special focus on extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their role as both carriers of biomarkers and potential therapeutics. EVs have already demonstrated their ability to be used for diagnostic purposes for multiple brain disorders and could represent valuable tools to track the regenerative and inflammatory processes occurring in the injured brain after stroke. Last, but not least, the use of artificial or stem cell-derived EVs were proved to be effective in stimulating brain remodeling and ameliorating recovery after stroke. Still, effective biomarkers of recovery are needed to design robust trials for the validation of innovative therapeutic strategies, such as regenerative rehabilitation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gualerzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, 20148 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (F.R.); (M.B.)
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Electroacupuncture in the Contralesional Hemisphere Improves Neurological Function Involving GABA in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5564494. [PMID: 34335824 PMCID: PMC8289595 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5564494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) on the contralesional hemisphere in rats with ischemic stroke. EA of 2 Hz was applied on the contralesionally Luoque (BL8) and Tongtian (BL7) acupoints of the scalp to investigate the neurological status and mechanism in ischemia–reperfusion injury rats. The differences in the neurological deficit score and Rotarod test time between days 3 and 15 after reperfusion were significantly lower in the sham group (0.00 (−1.00, 0.00) and 3.53 (−0.39, 7.48) second, respectively) than in the EA group (−4.00 (−4.00, −3.00) and 44.80 (41.69, 54.13) second, respectively, both p < 0.001). The ratio of infarction volume was 0.19 ± 0.04 in the sham group greater than 0.07 ± 0.04 in the EA group (p < 0.001). On day 15, in the cerebral cortex of the lesioned hemisphere, the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A/actin ratio in the normal group (1.11 ± 0.36) was higher than that in the sham group (0.38 ± 0.07, p < 0.05) and similar to that in the EA group (0.69 ± 0.18, p > 0.05); the difference between the EA and sham groups was significant (p < 0.05). EA of 2 Hz on the BL8 and BL7 acupoints on the contralesional scalp can improve motor function and also can reduce infarction volume, and this effect of EA, and that GABA-A, plays at least a partial role in ischemia–reperfusion injury rats.
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Liu J, Tian L, Li N. Treatment efficacy of arterial urokinase thrombolysis combined with mechanical thrombectomy for acute cerebral infarction and its influence on neuroprotective factors and factors for neurological injury. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:3380-3389. [PMID: 34017513 PMCID: PMC8129294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to explore the treatment efficacy of arterial urokinase thrombolysis combined with Solitaire AB stent for acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and its influence on neuroprotective factors and factors for neurological injury. METHODS We randomly assigned 90 patients with ACI to receive arterial urokinase thrombolysis combined with Solitaire AB stent thrombectomy (observation group, OG) or to receive arterial urokinase thrombolysis (control group, CG). The two groups were compared in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, activities of daily living (ADL) score, vascular recanalization rate 1 month after treatment, and serum levels of neuroprotective factors (insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), neurotrophic factor (NTF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)) and factors for neurological injury (neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100B protein (S100B), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)) before treatment and the day after treatment. RESULTS The overall treatment response rate and vascular recanalization rate 1 month after treatment were markedly higher in OG than in CG (P<0.05). The NIHSS score decreased and the ADL score in both groups increased after treatment, with a lower NIHSS score and a higher ADL score in OG than in CG (all P<0.001). The difference in the complication rate between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The day after treatment, serum levels of IGF-1, NTF, VEGF, and BDNF in both groups increased while levels of NSE, S100B, UCH-L1, and GFAP in them decreased, with higher levels of IGF-1, NTF, VEGF, and BDNF, and lower levels of NSE, S100B, UCH-L1, and GFAP in OG than in CG (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION Arterial urokinase thrombolysis combined with Solitaire AB stent thrombectomy can enhance the treatment efficacy for ACI, stimulate the release of neuroprotective factors, and suppress the release of factors for neurological injury, without aggravating the treatment risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei UniversityBaoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei UniversityBaoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei UniversityBaoding, Hebei Province, China
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Biomarkers of Angiogenesis and Neuroplasticity as Promising Clinical Tools for Stroke Recovery Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083949. [PMID: 33920472 PMCID: PMC8068953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several key issues impact the clinical practice of stroke rehabilitation including a patient’s medical history, stroke experience, the potential for recovery, and the selection of the most effective type of therapy. Until clinicians have answers to these concerns, the treatment and rehabilitation are rather intuitive, with standard procedures carried out based on subjective estimations using clinical scales. Therefore, there is a need to find biomarkers that could predict brain recovery potential in stroke patients. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art stroke recovery biomarkers that could be used in clinical practice. The revision of biochemical biomarkers has been developed based on stroke recovery processes: angiogenesis and neuroplasticity. This paper provides an overview of the biomarkers that are considered to be ready-to-use in clinical practice and others, considered as future tools. Furthermore, this review shows the utility of biomarkers in the development of the concept of personalized medicine. Enhancing brain neuroplasticity and rehabilitation facilitation are crucial concerns not only after stroke, but in all central nervous system diseases.
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Soliman R, Mamdouh H, Rashed L, Hussein M. The use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in in acute ischemic stroke is associated with increased level of BDNF. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 52:1165-1172. [PMID: 33830432 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Much concern was directed towards the crucial role of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in improving neuroplasticity in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The aim of the work to investigate the effect of treating patients with acute ischemic stroke with rt-PA, on the level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a marker of neuroplasticity. This study was conducted on 47 patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke (during the first 4.5 h from stroke onset); 26 patients of them eligible for receiving rt-PA (patient group) and 21 patients having contraindications for treatment with rt-PA (control group). Neurological, radiological and laboratory assessment (including BDNF serum level) were done for both groups at stroke onset (before receiving rt-PA) and at day 7. There was a statistically significant increase in BDNF serum level from day 1 to day 7 in rt-PA treated patients in comparison to control group (P-value˂ 0.001). Serum level of BDNF is significantly higher at the onset of stroke in female patients and non-smokers than males or smokers (P-value = 0.011, 0.01 respectively). There was no effect of either age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, drug abuse, past or family history of stroke, valvular heart diseases, atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, ejection fraction, carotid atherosclerotic changes, lipid profile or uric acid, on BDNF serum level measured at the onset of stroke. Treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke with rt-PA causes significant improvement in neuroplasticity through increasing BDNF serum level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Soliman
- Department of Neurology, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Hend Mamdouh
- Department of Neurology, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Hussein
- Department of Neurology, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt.
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Serum BDNF Levels in Acute Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030297. [PMID: 33809965 PMCID: PMC8004775 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most studied neurotrophins. Low BDNF concentrations have been noted in patients with traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors and have been associated with the increased risk of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA). We aimed to study the correlation of BDNF serum levels with acute stroke severity and its potential role as a biomarker in predicting functional outcome. Materials and methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database using specific keywords. The endpoints examined were the correlation of BDNF with functional outcome, the National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) measured at the acute phase, and stroke infarct volume. We also compared serum BDNF levels between stroke patients and healthy controls. Results: Twenty-six records were included from the initial 3088 identified. Twenty-five studies reported NIHSS and BDNF levels on the first day after acute stroke. Nine studies were further meta-analyzed. A statistically significant negative correlation between NIHSS and BDNF levels during the acute phase of stroke was noted (COR: −0.3013, 95%CI: (−0.4725; −0.1082), z = −3.01, p = 0.0026). We also noted that BDNF levels were significantly lower in patients with stroke compared to healthy individuals. Due to the heterogeneity of studies, we only conducted a qualitative analysis regarding serum BDNF and functional outcome, while no correlation between BDNF levels and stroke infarct volume was noted. Conclusions: We conclude that in the acute stroke phase, stroke severity is negatively correlated with BDNF levels. Concurrently, patients with acute stroke have significantly lower BDNF levels in serum compared to healthy controls. No correlations between BDNF and stroke infarct volume or functional outcome at follow-up were noted.
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Castelli V, Antonucci I, d'Angelo M, Tessitore A, Zelli V, Benedetti E, Ferri C, Desideri G, Borlongan C, Stuppia L, Cimini A. Neuroprotective effects of human amniotic fluid stem cells-derived secretome in an ischemia/reperfusion model. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:251-266. [PMID: 33027557 PMCID: PMC7848376 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells offer the basis for the promotion of robust new therapeutic approaches for a variety of human disorders. There are still many limitations to be overcome before clinical therapeutic application, including a better understanding of the mechanism by which stem cell therapies may lead to enhanced recovery. In vitro investigations are necessary to dissect the mechanisms involved and to support the potential development in stem cell-based therapies. In spite of growing interest in human amniotic fluid stem cells, not much is known about the characteristics of their secretome and regarding the potential neuroprotective mechanism in different pathologies, including stroke. To get more insight on amniotic fluid cells therapeutic potential, signal transduction pathways activated by human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs)-derived secretome in a stroke in vitro model (ischemia/reperfusion [I/R] model) were investigated by Western blot. Moreover, miRNA expression in the exosomal fraction of the conditioned medium was analyzed. hAFSCs-derived secretome was able to activate pro-survival and anti-apoptotic pathways. MicroRNA analysis in the exosomal component revealed a panel of 16 overexpressed miRNAs involved in the regulation of coherent signaling pathways. In particular, the pathways of relevance in ischemia/reperfusion, such as neurotrophin signaling, and those related to neuroprotection and neuronal cell death, were analyzed. The results obtained strongly point toward the neuroprotective effects of the hAFSCs-conditioned medium in the in vitro stroke model here analyzed. This can be achieved by the modulation and activation of pro-survival processes, at least in part, due to the activity of secreted miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences“G. d'Annunzio” UniversityChieti‐PescaraItaly
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST)‘G. d'Annunzio’ UniversityChieti‐PescaraItaly
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Alessandra Tessitore
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB)University of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Veronica Zelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB)University of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | | | - Cesar Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain RepairUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences“G. d'Annunzio” UniversityChieti‐PescaraItaly
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST)‘G. d'Annunzio’ UniversityChieti‐PescaraItaly
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Centre for BiotechnologyTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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24
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Eyileten C, Sharif L, Wicik Z, Jakubik D, Jarosz-Popek J, Soplinska A, Postula M, Czlonkowska A, Kaplon-Cieslicka A, Mirowska-Guzel D. The Relation of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor with MicroRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:329-347. [PMID: 32944919 PMCID: PMC7695657 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors that plays a crucial role in the development of the nervous system while supporting the survival of existing neurons and instigating neurogenesis. Altered levels of BDNF, both in the circulation and in the central nervous system (CNS), have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and ischemic stroke. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs found in body fluids such as peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Several different miRNAs, and their target genes, are recognized to be involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Thus, they present as promising biomarkers and a novel treatment approach for CNS disorders. Currently, limited studies provide viable evidence of miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of BDNF. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge regarding the potential diagnostic and prognostic values of miRNAs affecting BDNF expression and its role as a CNS disorders and neurovascular disease biomarker. Moreover, a novel therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke targeting miRNAs associated with BDNF will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucia Sharif
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Wicik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Jakubik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jarosz-Popek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Soplinska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Czlonkowska
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Halloway S, Jung M, Yeh AY, Liu J, McAdams E, Barley M, Dorsey SG, Pressler SJ. An Integrative Review of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Serious Cardiovascular Conditions. Nurs Res 2020; 69:376-390. [PMID: 32555009 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is emerging evidence that supports a role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the risk and presence of serious cardiovascular conditions. However, few existing literature reviews methodically describe empirical findings regarding this relationship. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this integrative review was to (a) evaluate BDNF (serum/plasma BDNF levels, BDNF Val66Met genotype) among humans at risk for or with serious cardiovascular conditions and (b) investigate the relationship between BDNF and risk/presence of serious cardiovascular conditions in humans. METHODS An integrative review was conducted. Articles in English included human subjects, a measure of BDNF levels or BDNF gene, serious cardiovascular conditions, and quantitative data analyses. The search resulted in 475 unique titles, with the final sample including 35 articles representing 30 studies. Articles that received "good" or "fair" ratings (n = 31) using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Quality Assessment Tools were included for synthesis. RESULTS The retrieved articles were largely nonexperimental, with sample sizes ranging from 20 to 5,510 participants. Overall, BDNF levels were lower in patients with chronic heart failure and stroke, but higher in patients with unstable angina and recent myocardial infarction. Lower BDNF levels were associated with higher incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with a prior history of serious cardiovascular conditions and decreased cardiovascular risk in healthy samples. For BDNF genotype, on average, 36.3% of participants had Met alleles. The frequency of the BDNF Met allele varied across race/ethnicity and cardiovascular conditions and in terms of association with serious cardiovascular condition incidence/risk. DISCUSSION These findings indicate an emerging area of science. Future investigation is needed on serious cardiovascular condition phenotypes in relationship to BDNF in the same study conditions. Results also suggest for use of standardized BDNF measurement across studies and additional investigation in cardiovascular inflammatory processes that affect BDNF. Moreover, within specific populations, the frequency of Met alleles may be too low to be detected in sample sizes normally found in these types of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Halloway
- Shannon Halloway, PhD, RN, is Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois. Miyeon Jung, PhD, RN, is Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis. An-Yun Yeh, PhD, RN, is Assistant Professor, Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, New York, New York. Jia Liu, PhD, RN, is Visiting Research Associate, School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis Ellen McAdams, BSW, Student, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. She is now an Industrial/Organizational Psychology Student, East Carolina University Department of Psychology, Greenville, North Carolina. Maddison Barley, is Nursing Student, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. Susan G. Dorsey, PhD, RN, FAAN, is Professor and Chair, Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore. Susan J. Pressler, PhD, RN, FAAN, FAHA, is Professor, Sally Reahard Chair, and the Director of the Center for Enhancing Quality of Life in Chronic Illness, School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis
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26
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Chaturvedi P, Singh AK, Tiwari V, Thacker AK. Post-stroke BDNF concentration changes following proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercises. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3361-3369. [PMID: 33102297 PMCID: PMC7567226 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1051_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in repairing normal as well as in the injured brain. Physical exercise may have a positive impact on the release of BDNF. Objective: PNF is a neurophysiological approach that facilitates the stimulation of central and peripheral nervous systems. In this study, our aim was to assess the levels of BDNF as well as functional recovery before and after the intervention of PNF in patients with acute stroke. Methods: A total of 208 patients with first time confirmed stroke were recruited and assessed for stroke severity, type, mini-mental state exam (MMSE), functional independence measure scale, and BDNF levels before and after PNF intervention. BDNF levels were also assessed in healthy individuals for control values. Results: A significant decline in levels of BDNF was observed after in stroke. BDNF levels in patients (with different risk factors) with diabetes, hypertension and DM+ HTN, alcohol, and smoking history were 8.8 ± 4.04 ng/mL, 8.86 ± 4.68 ng/mL, 8.65 ± 3.26 ng/mL, 8.51 ± 4.26 ng/mL, and 8.9 ± 3.4 ng/mL, respectively. A decline in BDNF levels was observed in accordance with the severity of stroke in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke with the least level being in severe stroke (NIHSS >15 and ICH >3). Despite the type of stroke and the presence of risk factors, a significant improvement in BDNF levels and FIM scale scores was seen in all subjects who received PNF exercises. Conclusion: Thus, PNF is efficient in improving functional level in acute stroke irrespective of the type of stroke and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Chaturvedi
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Ajai Kumar Singh
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Vandana Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Anup Kumar Thacker
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
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27
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Koroleva ES, Brazovskaya NG, Levchuk LA, Kazakov SD, Romadina NY, Alifirova VM. [Assessment of the levels of neuron-specific enolase and BDNF at the stages of rehabilitation in the acute and early recovery periods of ischemic stroke]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:30-36. [PMID: 33016674 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012008230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The issue of the diagnostic significance and clinical value of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) in the acute period of stroke remains controversial. Therefore, it is advisable to study the correlation of biomarkers with the clinical characteristics of stroke in the time period of early recovery. OBJECTIVE To monitor NSE and BDNF levels in peripheral blood, to analyze the clinical and laboratory correlations in patients with ischemic stroke at the stages of medical rehabilitation in the early recovery period. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-nine patients with ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery were examined. The observation period is 90 days. Observation Points are Day 1; Day 14; Day 45; Day 90. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the Fugle-Meyer Scale (FMA), the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were administered. NSE was determined in blood serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, BDNF was analyzed on a multiplex analyzer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION NSEDay1 in patients was significantly higher than in the comparison group (pDay1-comparison group<0.001) with a trend to a maximum decrease on the 90th day of stroke (pDay1-90<0.001). BDNFDay1 turned out to be lower than in the comparison group (pDay1-comparison group=0.006) and significantly increased by the 14th day of the stroke (pDay1-14<0.001; pDay14-comparison group=0.637). A negative correlation was found between a decrease in NSEDay14 and an increase in BDNFDay14 (r= -0.349; p=0.05). A positive correlation was found between an increase in BDNFDay14 and a decrease in mRS scores Day90 (r=0.499, p=0.035). Outcomes in patients in group 1 (after stages I and II of rehabilitation) on the assessment scales were significantly better than in patients discharged after stage I for outpatient monitoring - group 2 (p<0.05). In group 1, BDNFDay90 did not differ from BDNFDay14 (pDay14-90-Group1=0.17), and in group 2 it was significantly lower by the end of the early recovery period (pDay14-90-Group2=0.002).
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Koroleva
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - L A Levchuk
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - S D Kazakov
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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28
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Sims SKKC, Rizzo A, Howard K, Farrand A, Boger H, Adkins DL. Comparative Enhancement of Motor Function and BDNF Expression Following Different Brain Stimulation Approaches in an Animal Model of Ischemic Stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2020; 34:925-935. [PMID: 32909525 PMCID: PMC7572816 DOI: 10.1177/1545968320952798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combinatory intervention such as high-frequency (50-100 Hz) excitatory cortical stimulation (ECS) given concurrently with motor rehabilitative training (RT) improves forelimb function, except in severely impaired animals after stroke. Clinical studies suggest that low-frequency (≤1 Hz) inhibitory cortical stimulation (ICS) may provide an alternative approach to enhance recovery. Currently, the molecular mediators of CS-induced behavioral effects are unknown. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been associated with improved recovery and neural remodeling after stroke and thus may be involved in CS-induced behavioral recovery. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether inhibitory stimulation during RT improves functional recovery of severely impaired rats, following focal cortical ischemia and if this recovery alters BDNF expression (study 1) and depends on BDNF binding to TrkB receptors (study 2). METHODS Rats underwent ECS + RT, ICS + RT, or noCS + RT treatment daily for 3 weeks following a unilateral ischemic lesion to the motor cortex. Electrode placement for stimulation was either placed ipsilateral (ECS) or contralateral (ICS) to the lesion. After treatment, BDNF expression was measured in cortical tissue samples (study 1). In study 2, the TrkB inhibitor, ANA-12, was injected prior to treatment daily for 21 days. RESULTS ICS + RT treatment significantly improved impaired forelimb recovery compared with ECS + RT and noCS + RT treatment. CONCLUSION ICS given concurrently with rehabilitation improves motor recovery in severely impaired animals, and alters cortical BDNF expression; nevertheless, ICS-mediated improvements are not dependent on BDNF binding to TrkB. Conversely, inhibition of TrkB receptors does disrupt motor recovery in ECS + RT treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ariana Farrand
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Heather Boger
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - DeAnna L Adkins
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Rockville, MD, USA
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29
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Chaturvedi P, Singh AK, Tiwari V, Thacker AK. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in acute stroke and its clinical implications. Brain Circ 2020; 6:185-190. [PMID: 33210043 PMCID: PMC7646383 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_23_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a very important role in repairing intact and injured brain, also known as neuroplasticity. Risk factors may affect neuroplasticity. OBJECTIVES: In this study, our aim was to delineate the levels of BDNF in acute stroke with different etiology and impact of risk factors on its levels. METHODS: In this prospective study, 208 patients with first-ever stroke, between 18 and 75 years, were included. All individuals were assessed for severity and type of stroke, risk factors, levels of BDNF in the acute stroke, and its association with outcome of stroke. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients in our study was 55.29 ± 11.6 years. Compared to healthy controls, a significant decline in the levels of BDNF was observed after stroke (P < 0.01). Patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) <6 on the 1st day of stroke had significantly higher levels of BDNF than those with NIHSS >6 (9.8 ng/ml ± 3.8; P < 0.01). A significant difference in the levels of BDNF was observed on comparing the stroke patients and healthy individuals of age <55 and >55 years (<55 years: 10.4 ng/ml ± 3.2; >55 years: 9.8 ng/ml ± 4.5 and in healthy individuals <55 years: 22.97 ± 3.8, >55 years: 15.4 ± 4.9; P < 0.01). Risk factors have negative impact on levels of BDNF (diabetics, P = 0.001; alcoholics, P = 0.003; both diabetes mellitus + hypertension, P = 0.002; smokers, P = 0.001). The difference was not significant between hypertensives and nonhypertensives (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: BDNF level is significantly reduced in acute stroke. The presence of risk factors further affects its level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajai Kumar Singh
- Department of Neurology, Dr. RMLIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Tiwari
- Department of Neurology, Dr. RMLIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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30
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Abba MA, Olaleye OA, Hamzat TK. Effects of over-ground walking and cognitive rehabilitation on cognition, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, participation and quality of life among stroke survivors: a study protocol. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2020.1808056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aliyu Abba
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola A. Olaleye
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Talhatu K. Hamzat
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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31
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Gudasheva TA, Povarnina PY, Tarasiuk AV, Seredenin SB. Low-molecular mimetics of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor: Design and pharmacological properties. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:2746-2774. [PMID: 32808322 DOI: 10.1002/med.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of the clinical use of neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), scientists have been trying to create their low-molecular-weight mimetics having improved pharmacokinetic properties and lacking side effects of full-sized proteins since the 90s of the last century. The efforts of various research groups have led to the production of peptide and nonpeptide mimetics, being agonists or modulators of the corresponding Trk or p75 receptors that reproduced the therapeutic effects of full-sized proteins. This review discusses different strategies and approaches to the design of such compounds. The relationship between the structure of the mimetics obtained and their action mechanisms and pharmacological properties are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the dipeptide mimetics of individual NGF and BDNF loops having different patterns of activation of Trk receptors signal transduction pathways, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, which allowed to evaluate the contribution of each pathway to different pharmacological effects. In conclusion, data on therapeutically promising compounds being at different stages of preclinical and clinical studies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Gudasheva
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Polina Y Povarnina
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksey V Tarasiuk
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey B Seredenin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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32
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Steliga A, Kowiański P, Czuba E, Waśkow M, Moryś J, Lietzau G. Neurovascular Unit as a Source of Ischemic Stroke Biomarkers-Limitations of Experimental Studies and Perspectives for Clinical Application. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:553-579. [PMID: 31701356 PMCID: PMC7340668 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral stroke, which is one of the most frequent causes of mortality and leading cause of disability in developed countries, often leads to devastating and irreversible brain damage. Neurological and neuroradiological diagnosis of stroke, especially in its acute phase, is frequently uncertain or inconclusive. This results in difficulties in identification of patients with poor prognosis or being at high risk for complications. It also makes difficult identification of these stroke patients who could benefit from more aggressive therapies. In contrary to the cardiovascular disease, no single biomarker is available for the ischemic stroke, addressing the abovementioned issues. This justifies the need for identifying of effective diagnostic measures characterized by high specificity and sensitivity. One of the promising avenues in this area is studies on the panels of biomarkers characteristic for processes which occur in different types and phases of ischemic stroke and represent all morphological constituents of the brains' neurovascular unit (NVU). In this review, we present the current state of knowledge concerning already-used or potentially applicable biomarkers of the ischemic stroke. We also discuss the perspectives for identification of biomarkers representative for different types and phases of the ischemic stroke, as well as for different constituents of NVU, which concentration levels correlate with extent of brain damage and patients' neurological status. Finally, a critical analysis of perspectives on further improvement of the ischemic stroke diagnosis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Steliga
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, 64 Bohaterów Westerplatte St., 76-200, Slupsk, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kowiański
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, 64 Bohaterów Westerplatte St., 76-200, Slupsk, Poland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Czuba
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Waśkow
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, 64 Bohaterów Westerplatte St., 76-200, Slupsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Moryś
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grażyna Lietzau
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Treatment with AAV1-Rheb(S16H) provides neuroprotection in a mouse model of photothrombosis-induced ischemic stroke. Neuroreport 2020; 31:971-978. [PMID: 32694311 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that upregulation of the constitutively active ras homolog enriched in brain [Rheb(S16H)], which induces the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway, can protect adult neurons, mediated by the induction of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show that neuronal transduction of Rheb(S16H) using adeno-associated virus serotype 1 provides neuroprotection in a mouse model of photothrombosis-induced ischemic stroke. Rheb(S16H)-expressing neurons exhibited neurotrophic effects, such as mTORC1 activation, increases in neuronal size, and BDNF production, in mouse cerebral cortex. Moreover, the upregulation of neuronal Rheb(S16H) significantly attenuated ischemic damage and behavioral impairments as compared to untreated mice, suggesting that Rheb(S16H) upregulation in cortical neurons may be a useful strategy to treat ischemic stroke.
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Neurobiology of Recovery of Motor Function after Stroke: The Central Nervous System Biomarker Effects of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:9484298. [PMID: 32617098 PMCID: PMC7312560 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9484298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery of motor function after stroke involves many biomarkers. This review attempts to identify the biomarker effects responsible for recovery of motor function following the use of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) and discuss their implications for research and practice. From the studies reviewed, the biomarker effects identified include improved perfusion of motor areas and brain glucose metabolism; increased expression of proteins, namely, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and Growth-Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43); and decreased level of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA). Others include increased cortical activation, increased motor map size, and decreased interhemispheric inhibition of the ipsilesional hemisphere by the contralesional hemisphere. Interestingly, the biomarker effects correlated well with improved motor function. However, some of the biomarker effects have not yet been investigated in humans, and they require that CIMT starts early on poststroke. In addition, one study seems to suggest the combined use of CIMT with other rehabilitation techniques such as Transcortical Direct Stimulation (tDCs) in patients with chronic stroke to achieve the biomarker effects. Unfortunately, there are few studies in humans that implemented CIMT during early poststroke. Thus, it is important that more studies in humans are carried out to determine the biomarker effects of CIMT especially early on poststroke, when there is a greater opportunity for recovery. Furthermore, it should be noted that these effects are mainly in ischaemic stroke.
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Mourão AM, Vicente LCC, Abreu MNS, Sant'anna RV, DE Meira FCA, Xavier RMDB, Tanure MTDA, Vieira ELM, DE Souza LC, Miranda ASD, Rachid MA, Teixeira AL. Clinical and molecular correlates of the ASPECTS in the acute phase of stroke. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2020; 78:262-268. [PMID: 32490969 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) scale was developed for monitoring early ischemic changes on CT, being associated with clinical outcomes. The ASPECTS can also associate with peripheral biomarkers that reflect the pathophysiological response of the brain to the ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between peripheral biomarkers with the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) in individuals after ischemic stroke. METHODS Patients over 18 years old with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled in this study. No patient was eligible for thrombolysis. The patients were submitted to non-contrast CT in the first 24 hours of admission, being the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score and clinical and molecular evaluations applied on the same day. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin scale and the Mini-Mental State Examination for clinical evaluation were also applied to all subjects. Plasma levels of BDNF, VCAM-1, VEGF, IL-1β, sTNFRs and adiponectin were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Worse neurological impairment (NIHSS), cognitive (MEEM) and functional (Rankin) performance was observed in the group with changes in the NCTT. Patients with NCTT changes also exhibited higher levels of IL-1β and adiponectin. In the linear multivariate regression, an adjusted R coefficient of 0.515 was found, indicating adiponectin and NIHSS as independent predictors of ASPECTS. CONCLUSION Plasma levels of adiponectin are associated with the ASPECTS scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Mansueto Mourão
- Unidade de Acidente Vascular Cerebral, Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Mery Natali Silva Abreu
- Departamento de Enfermagem Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Romeu Vale Sant'anna
- Unidade de Acidente Vascular Cerebral, Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fidel Castro Alves DE Meira
- Unidade de Acidente Vascular Cerebral, Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Menezes de Brito Xavier
- Unidade de Acidente Vascular Cerebral, Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio de Azevedo Tanure
- Unidade de Acidente Vascular Cerebral, Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Erica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Cruz DE Souza
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lucio Teixeira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Chaturvedi P, Singh AK, Tiwari V, Thacker AK. Diabetes mellitus type 2 impedes functional recovery, neuroplasticity and quality of life after stroke. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:1035-1041. [PMID: 32318463 PMCID: PMC7114068 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_884_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The recovery after stroke depends on the resolution of brain edema and neuroplasticity. The comorbidities associated with stroke such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may increase the chances of unfavorable outcome and delay the recovery from stroke and needs further investigation. Subjects and Methods: The study dealt with 208 patients. The neurological status of the patients was assessed by Glasgow Coma Scale and the severity of stroke was assessed by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Patients were divided into two groups: T2DM in group 1 and without T2DM in group 2. We assessed functional improvement by Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scale, quality of life by Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SSQOL) Scale, and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) for assessing neuroplasticity. Results: We observed lower levels of BDNF in diabetic stroke patients. There was significant improvement in FIM scale scores and SSQOL scale scores in non-diabetic stroke patients after 6 months (P < 0.05). The relative risk (RR) of poor functional recovery (FIM) in the diabetic group was 1.34 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–1.8] and the odds ratio (OR) was 1.8 (95% CI 1.03–3.12). Diabetes is an independent risk factor for poor BDNF recovery (serum BDNF < mean value, i.e. 10.07 ± 3.8 ng/mL) (RR 2.40; 95% CI: 1.36–4.21 and OR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.15–2.13] and poor quality of life (RR 1.56; 95% CI: 1.13–2.16 and OR 2.83; 95% CI: 1.14–7.0). Conclusion: Diabetes is not only a risk factor for stroke occurrence but also delayed recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Chaturvedi
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajai Kumar Singh
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anup Kumar Thacker
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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The effect of antecedent-conditioning high-intensity interval training on BDNF regulation through PGC-1α pathway following cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 2019; 1729:146618. [PMID: 31866362 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies have demonstrated that exercise training can result in the diminishing of ischemic stroke-induced damages as well as BDNF misregulation. However, the underlying mechanisms of BDNF changes in response to ischemic stroke and exercise are still not entirely understood. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in hippocampus of rat model of ischemic stroke intercedes PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC1α)-pathway factors and BDNF regulation following induction of ischemic stroke. For this purpose, in this study, induction of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was accomplished following the completion of HIIT. To define the molecular mechanisms that might be responsible for HIIT-associated improvements subsequent to cerebral ischemia, we likewise evaluated PGC-1α-pathway factors that may be essential for BDNF upregulation after MCAO via immunofluorescence tracking and ELISA immunoassay. Taking our findings together, three weeks of antecedent-HIIT resulted in more expression and delivery of BDNF in brain and plasma following MCAO through PGC-1α-pathway (p < 0.05). The present investigation also found a close relationship between expressed PGC-1α-pathway factors in brain and their concentrations in plasma (p < 0.05). In conclusion, findings of the current study exhibited that induction of cerebral ischemia as well as HIIT intervention both were associated with expression of PGC-1α-pathway factors in brain and their deliverance to blood. Consequently, these alterations may be considered as a protective factor against post-stroke neurological and functional disorders in the stroke model.
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Lai YJ, Hanneman SK, Casarez RL, Wang J, McCullough LD. Blood biomarkers for physical recovery in ischemic stroke: a systematic review. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4603-4613. [PMID: 31497186 PMCID: PMC6731415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a common cause of physical disability. Biomarkers have been used to predict prognosis in ischemic stroke, but studies linking biomarkers to physical recovery from ischemic stroke have not been systematically evaluated since 2011. The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a systematic review of the intervening literature to identify potential predictive biomarkers for recovery of physical function following ischemic stroke. The PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched for studies reported between January 1, 2011, and September 18, 2018. Search criteria were adult ischemic stroke patients, blood sample collection within 24 ± 6 hrs of stroke onset, and outcome measures, including physical function. Identified from 18 studies and representing four biological classifications, 34 biomarkers were significantly associated with physical recovery after ischemic stroke: (1) immune response (15, 44%); (2) lipids/metabolism (4, 12%); (3) neuronal function (4, 12%); and (4) blood vessel/circulation (11, 32%). Of the predictive biomarkers associated with 1-month recovery, 60% (6 of 10) was classified into blood vessel/circulation; 54% (14 of 26) of the biomarkers associated with 3-6 month physical recovery involved the immune response. Blood biomarkers might provide useful information to improve the prediction of physical outcome after ischemic stroke. The data suggest that biomarkers from four biological classifications may predict physical recovery in patients after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ju Lai
- Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sandra K Hanneman
- Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rebecca L Casarez
- Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX 77030, USA
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for functional recovery after stroke: similarities with the critical period and the role of experience-dependent plasticity. J Neurol 2019; 268:1203-1209. [PMID: 31346698 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in the potential for plasticity-inducing pharmacological interventions to enhance post-stroke recovery. One group of drugs that continues to garner a great deal of attention in this regard is a class of antidepressants called the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Here we propose a model for the mechanism by which these drugs may enhance plasticity after ischemic brain injury. First, we review the research in animal models demonstrating how selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors reopen the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity in adulthood. We then compare this period of heightened plasticity to the cellular and biochemical milieu of perilesional tissue after an ischemic event in the adult brain. We argue that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors administered acutely after an ischemic stroke alter excitatory-inhibitory balance in perilesional tissue and reinstate a type of plasticity reminiscent of the critical period in development. Finally, we discuss opportunities for future research in this area in both the preclinical and clinical realms.
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Plasma Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor are Associated with Prognosis in the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:735-740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Algin A, Erdogan MO, Aydin I, Poyraz MK, Sirik M. Clinical usefulness of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and visinin-like protein-1 in early diagnostic tests for acute stroke. Am J Emerg Med 2019; 37:2051-2054. [PMID: 30826210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lack of a rapid biochemical test for acute stroke is a limitation in the diagnosis and management of acute stroke. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of BDNF and VILIP-1 as diagnostic markers in acute ischemic stroke and as predictors of mortality. METHODS The study included 75 patients with acute ischemic stroke older than 18 years. During the same period, 28 normal controls were recruited from the hospital ED. Blood samples were collected from all patients at admission to determine the levels of VILIP-1 and BDNF. RESULTS The mean VILIP-1 levels in the study and control groups were 0.547 ± 0.081 and 0.515 ± 0.035 ng/mL, respectively, and the difference was not significant (p = 0.071). The mean BDNF levels in the study and control groups were 3.89 ± 2.05 ng/mL and 14.9 ± 4.7 ng/mL, respectively, and the level was significantly (p < 0.0001) lower in the stroke patients. CONCLUSION The BDNF level showed a significant ability to discriminate stroke and control patients but did not predict mortality. The VILIP-1 level showed insignificant ability to discriminate stroke patients and again did not predict mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Algin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Health of Sciences Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - M Ozgur Erdogan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irfan Aydin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Adiyaman University Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - M Kaan Poyraz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Adiyaman University Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sirik
- Department of Radiology, Adiyaman University Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
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Sordyl J, Kopyta I, Sarecka-Hujar B, Francuz T, Matusik P, Małecka-Tendera E. Lipid levels and selected biomarkers of vascular changes in children with idiopathic headaches - a preliminary report. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:120-125. [PMID: 30697261 PMCID: PMC6348343 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.73983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated lipid concentrations were observed in adults with headaches. However, studies in children are scarce. Recent data suggest new potential risk factors for atherosclerosis, which may be associated with headaches. The aim of the study was to analyse the blood levels of lipids and new markers of atherosclerosis in children with idiopathic headaches. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study population comprised 65 children (39 with idiopathic headaches and 26 healthy children). Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) levels were measured in every patient. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (serpin E1/PAI I) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blood level measurements were performed in 34 children. RESULTS Children with headaches had higher BMI z-scores (0.2 vs. -1.14; p = 0.006). TC level was lower in patients with headaches (121.04 mg/dl vs. 146.87 mg/dl, p = 0.019). No differences in concentrations of TG, HDL or LDL were found. BDNF was significantly higher in the studied group (171.57 pg/ml vs. 64.04 pg/ml, p = 0.012). The VEGF was higher in boys with headaches than in girls (368.27 pg/ml vs. 142.86 pg/ml, p = 0.011). There were no differences in levels of VEGF, sCD40L or PAI-1 between groups. CONCLUSIONS Children with headaches have lower total cholesterol and higher BDNF levels than controls. No significant difference in levels of triacylglycerols, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VEGF, sCD40L or PAI-1 was found between children with headaches and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sordyl
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ilona Kopyta
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Sarecka-Hujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Matusik
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Małecka-Tendera
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Pedard M, Brenière C, Pernet N, Vergely C, Béjot Y, Marie C. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and stroke outcome. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:1207-1211. [PMID: 30472884 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218815612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke outcome is dependent on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent neuroplasticity. As peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) contain BDNF, diapedesis of these cells might be followed by BDNF delivery to the ischemic brain. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the association between BDNF levels in PBMC and functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke. BDNF was measured in PBMC that were isolated from ischemic stroke patients ( n = 40) just before (day 0) and after (days 1 and 3) fibrinolysis. Three months after stroke, patients were stratified using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) according to the unfavorable (mRS scores 3–6) and favorable (mRS scores 0–2) functional outcome. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regressions to assess the relationship between BDNF levels in PBMC and functional outcome. BDNF levels in PBMC decreased from day 0 to day 3 in patients with unfavorable outcome, while they remained stable in patients with favorable outcome. Patients with favorable outcome exhibited at day 3 higher PBMC-BDNF levels than patients with unfavorable outcome and the levels were associated with good outcome (odd ratio: 12.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–106.2, P = 0.023). PBMC-BDNF levels remained a predictor of stroke outcome after adjusting from cardiovascular risk, interval between admission and fibrinolysis, stroke severity from hospital admission to discharge, lymphocytes count, neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio at admission. Favorable functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients that benefited from fibrinolysis was predicted by a high BDNF level in PBMC, suggesting that PBMC might serve as a cellular vector to deliver BDNF to the ischemic brain. Impact statement There are a great number of arguments suggesting that BDNF could be involved in stroke recovery dependent of neuroplasticity. Methods that can enhance BDNF levels in the ischemic brain could therefore have great clinical value. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that contain BDNF and infiltrate early and sustainably the ischemic brain might be used as a cellular vector to deliver BDNF to the ischemic brain and consequently promote recovery. This work is important in this field to show if this BDNF derived from BDNF could exert a positive action on stroke recovery. Our main results showed that a high BDNF level at day 3 after hospital admission was associated with a 12.4 fold increase in favorable outcome after adjusting for still recognized prognostic markers. The new information in this field is this finding identifies PBMC as an attractive cellular vector to deliver BDNF to the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pedard
- INSERM UMR-1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des sciences de Santé, Dijon F-21000, France.,Service de Neurologie, CHRU Dijon, Dijon F-21000, France
| | | | - Nicolas Pernet
- INSERM UMR-1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des sciences de Santé, Dijon F-21000, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- EA7460 PEC2, UFR Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon F-21000, France
| | - Yannick Béjot
- Service de Neurologie, CHRU Dijon, Dijon F-21000, France.,EA7460 PEC2, UFR Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.,EA4184 Registre Dijonnais des AVC, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon F-21000, France
| | - Christine Marie
- INSERM UMR-1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des sciences de Santé, Dijon F-21000, France
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Oliveira DMG, Aguiar LT, de Oliveira Limones MV, Gomes AG, da Silva LC, de Morais Faria CDC, Scalzo PL. Aerobic Training Efficacy in Inflammation, Neurotrophins, and Function in Chronic Stroke Persons: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 28:418-424. [PMID: 30420316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is an important part of stroke pathophysiology and has both detrimental and beneficial effects after stroke. Besides that the enhancement of neurotrophins seems to be related to improvements in stroke recovery. Evidences suggest that exercise plays a role in modulating anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects. However, little is known about its impact in stroke survivors, mainly in chronic stroke. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise in changing inflammatory mediators, interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II (sTNFRI, sTNFRII), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in chronic stroke patients. The secondary objective is to investigate the effects of training in improve mobility and exercise capacity. METHODS This is a randomized controlled trial. Chronic stroke patients will be randomized to an experimental or control group, and will receive group interventions three times per week, over 12 weeks. The experimental group will receive moderate-intensity (60%-80% of maximum heart rate reserve) treadmill exercise. Control group will perform walking training on the ground (<40% of maximum heart rate reserve). Primary outcomes include IL-6, sTNFRI, sTNFRII, IL-10, and BDNF levels. Secondary outcomes include mobility and exercise capacity. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, postintervention, and at the 4-week follow-up. DISCUSSION The findings of this trial have the potential to provide important insights regarding the effects of an aerobic physical program in the inflammatory process and in the neuronal plasticity in stroke persons and its impact on mobility and exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Tavares Aguiar
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline Gonçalves Gomes
- Neuroscience Programme, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Luana Cristina da Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Paula Luciana Scalzo
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Cardoso AL, Fernandes A, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, de Angelis MH, Guedes JR, Brito MA, Ortolano S, Pani G, Athanasopoulou S, Gonos ES, Schosserer M, Grillari J, Peterson P, Tuna BG, Dogan S, Meyer A, van Os R, Trendelenburg AU. Towards frailty biomarkers: Candidates from genes and pathways regulated in aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:214-277. [PMID: 30071357 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Use of the frailty index to measure an accumulation of deficits has been proven a valuable method for identifying elderly people at risk for increased vulnerability, disease, injury, and mortality. However, complementary molecular frailty biomarkers or ideally biomarker panels have not yet been identified. We conducted a systematic search to identify biomarker candidates for a frailty biomarker panel. METHODS Gene expression databases were searched (http://genomics.senescence.info/genes including GenAge, AnAge, LongevityMap, CellAge, DrugAge, Digital Aging Atlas) to identify genes regulated in aging, longevity, and age-related diseases with a focus on secreted factors or molecules detectable in body fluids as potential frailty biomarkers. Factors broadly expressed, related to several "hallmark of aging" pathways as well as used or predicted as biomarkers in other disease settings, particularly age-related pathologies, were identified. This set of biomarkers was further expanded according to the expertise and experience of the authors. In the next step, biomarkers were assigned to six "hallmark of aging" pathways, namely (1) inflammation, (2) mitochondria and apoptosis, (3) calcium homeostasis, (4) fibrosis, (5) NMJ (neuromuscular junction) and neurons, (6) cytoskeleton and hormones, or (7) other principles and an extensive literature search was performed for each candidate to explore their potential and priority as frailty biomarkers. RESULTS A total of 44 markers were evaluated in the seven categories listed above, and 19 were awarded a high priority score, 22 identified as medium priority and three were low priority. In each category high and medium priority markers were identified. CONCLUSION Biomarker panels for frailty would be of high value and better than single markers. Based on our search we would propose a core panel of frailty biomarkers consisting of (1) CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10), IL-6 (interleukin 6), CX3CL1 (C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1), (2) GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15), FNDC5 (fibronectin type III domain containing 5), vimentin (VIM), (3) regucalcin (RGN/SMP30), calreticulin, (4) PLAU (plasminogen activator, urokinase), AGT (angiotensinogen), (5) BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor), progranulin (PGRN), (6) α-klotho (KL), FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor 23), FGF21, leptin (LEP), (7) miRNA (micro Ribonucleic acid) panel (to be further defined), AHCY (adenosylhomocysteinase) and KRT18 (keratin 18). An expanded panel would also include (1) pentraxin (PTX3), sVCAM/ICAM (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1/Intercellular adhesion molecule 1), defensin α, (2) APP (amyloid beta precursor protein), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), (3) S100B (S100 calcium binding protein B), (4) TGFβ (transforming growth factor beta), PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), TGM2 (transglutaminase 2), (5) sRAGE (soluble receptor for advanced glycosylation end products), HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1), C3/C1Q (complement factor 3/1Q), ST2 (Interleukin 1 receptor like 1), agrin (AGRN), (6) IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1), resistin (RETN), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), ghrelin (GHRL), growth hormone (GH), (7) microparticle panel (to be further defined), GpnmB (glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B) and lactoferrin (LTF). We believe that these predicted panels need to be experimentally explored in animal models and frail cohorts in order to ascertain their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential.
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Becke A, Müller P, Dordevic M, Lessmann V, Brigadski T, Müller NG. Daily Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxia Over 2 Weeks Reduces BDNF Plasma Levels in Young Adults - A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1337. [PMID: 30327610 PMCID: PMC6174219 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The results from animal and human research indicate that acute intermittent hypoxia can enhance brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plasma levels and gene expression. As BDNF is known to promote the differentiation of new neurons and the formation of synapses, it has been proposed to mediate adult neuroplasticity. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the long-term effects of daily intermittent exposure to normobaric hypoxia (simulating high altitude exposure at approximately 4000–5000 m) over 2 weeks on BDNF levels in young adults. Methods: Twenty-eight young adults (age: 19–33 years) were randomized into a hypoxic intervention group (N = 14) or the control group (N = 14). Participants in the intervention group breathed intermittent normobaric hypoxic air at resting conditions (5 min intervals, 80–85% SpO2 measured via a finger pulse oximeter, 12 sessions for 60 min/day for 2 weeks) via a hypoxic generator. BDNF plasma and serum levels were determined at baseline and at 2 weeks after intervention using sandwich ELISAs. Results: After 2 weeks of daily intermittent hypoxic treatment (IHT), we found a significant group x time interaction effect for BDNF plasma levels based on a significant decrease in BDNF levels in the hypoxia group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that daily intermittent administration of hypoxic air has a significant effect on BDNF regulation in healthy young adults. Contrary to other results reporting an increase in BDNF levels under hypoxic conditions, the present data suggest that hypoxic treatment using intensive IHT can reduce BDNF plasma levels for at least 2 weeks. This finding indicates that the daily application of hypoxic air is too frequent for the aimed physiological response, namely, an increase in BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Becke
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Neuroprotection Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Neuroprotection Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Milos Dordevic
- Neuroprotection Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Notger G Müller
- Neuroprotection Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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47
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Balkaya M, Cho S. Genetics of stroke recovery: BDNF val66met polymorphism in stroke recovery and its interaction with aging. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 126:36-46. [PMID: 30118755 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke leads to long term sensory, motor and cognitive impairments. Most patients experience some degree of spontaneous recovery which is mostly incomplete and varying greatly among individuals. The variation in recovery outcomes has been attributed to numerous factors including lesion size, corticospinal tract integrity, age, gender and race. It is well accepted that genetics play a crucial role in stroke incidence and accumulating evidence suggests that it is also a significant determinant in recovery. Among the number of genes and variations implicated in stroke recovery the val66met single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the BDNF gene influences post-stroke plasticity in the most significant ways. Val66met is the most well characterized BDNF SNP and is common (40-50 % in Asian and 25-32% in Caucasian populations) in humans. It reduces activity-dependent BDNF release, dampens cortical plasticity and is implicated in numerous diseases. Earlier studies on the effects of val66met on stroke outcome and recovery presented primarily a maladaptive role. Novel findings however indicate a much more intricate interaction between val66met and stroke recovery which appears to be influenced by lesion location, post-stroke stage and age. This review will focus on the role of BDNF and val66met SNP in relation to stroke recovery and try to identify potential pathophysiologic mechanisms involved. The effects of age on val66met associated alterations in plasticity and potential consequences in terms of stroke are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Balkaya
- Burke-Cornell Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine at Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Sunghee Cho
- Burke-Cornell Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine at Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
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48
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Etherton MR, Siddiqui KA, Schwamm LH. Prestroke selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and functional outcomes after ischaemic stroke. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2018; 3:9-16. [PMID: 29600002 PMCID: PMC5870643 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2017-000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been implicated in contributing to recovery after acute ischaemic stroke. In particular, poststroke initiation of an SSRI has been demonstrated to improve motor recovery. The role of prestroke SSRI use on functional outcomes and stroke recovery is less clear. We aimed to examine the effect of prestroke SSRI use on metrics of hospitalisation and functional recovery. Methods We included 4968 consecutive patients from January 2006 to June 2015 in our local Get With The Guidelines-Stroke registry in whom a preadmission drug list could be extracted from an administrative research data registry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of functional outcomes. Results On univariate analysis, among 4698 ischaemic strokes (740 SSRI users and 3948 non-users), SSRI use before acute ischaemic stroke did not impact the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) admission score, length of stay or rate of symptomatic haemorrhage. Patients using SSRIs prior to their stroke were more likely to present with weakness (57% vs 47.3%; P<0.001) and have hospitalisations complicated by pneumonia (7.6% vs 5.7%; P<0.001). Moreover, prestroke SSRI use was associated with a negative impact on ambulatory status at discharge and discharge to home. On multivariate regression analysis, SSRI use was associated with lower likelihood of discharge to home (adjusted OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.997, P<0.05). Conclusions SSRI use preceding an acute ischaemic stroke is associated with lower rates of discharge to home despite no significant increase in length of stay or NIHSS score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Etherton
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Khawja A Siddiqui
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lee H Schwamm
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Zhao H, Alam A, San CY, Eguchi S, Chen Q, Lian Q, Ma D. Molecular mechanisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuro-protection: Recent developments. Brain Res 2017; 1665:1-21. [PMID: 28396009 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cell injury, as a consequence of acute or chronic neurological trauma, is a significant cause of mortality around the world. On a molecular level, the condition is characterized by widespread cell death and poor regeneration, which can result in severe morbidity in survivors. Potential therapeutics are of major interest, with a promising candidate being brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a ubiquitous agent in the brain which has been associated with neural development and may facilitate protective and regenerative effects following injury. This review summarizes the available information on the potential benefits of BDNF and the molecular mechanisms involved in several pathological conditions, including hypoxic brain injury, stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. It further explores the methods in which BDNF can be applied in clinical and therapeutic settings, and the potential challenges to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhao
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Azeem Alam
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chun-Yin San
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shiori Eguchi
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Qian Chen
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK; Department of Anaesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Daqing Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
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Gandolfi M, Smania N, Vella A, Picelli A, Chirumbolo S. Assessed and Emerging Biomarkers in Stroke and Training-Mediated Stroke Recovery: State of the Art. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:1389475. [PMID: 28373915 PMCID: PMC5360976 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1389475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the increasing update of the biomolecular scientific literature, biomarkers in stroke have reached an outstanding and remarkable revision in the very recent years. Besides the diagnostic and prognostic role of some inflammatory markers, many further molecules and biological factors have been added to the list, including tissue derived cytokines, growth factor-like molecules, hormones, and microRNAs. The literatures on brain derived growth factor and other neuroimmune mediators, bone-skeletal muscle biomarkers, cellular and immunity biomarkers, and the role of microRNAs in stroke recovery were reviewed. To date, biomarkers represent a possible challenge in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of stroke onset, pathogenesis, and recovery. Many molecules are still under investigation and may become promising and encouraging biomarkers. Experimental and clinical research should increase this list and promote new discoveries in this field, to improve stroke diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Gandolfi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- UOC Neurorehabilitation, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Smania
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- UOC Neurorehabilitation, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Vella
- Immunology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Picelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- UOC Neurorehabilitation, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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