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Liang Q, Liu X, Peng X, Luo T, Su Y, Xu X, Xie H, Gao H, Chen Z, Xie C. Salvianolic acid B in fibrosis treatment: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1442181. [PMID: 39139645 PMCID: PMC11319160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1442181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a public health issue of great concern characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, leading to the destruction of parenchymal tissue and organ dysfunction that places a heavy burden on the global healthcare system due to its high incidence, disability, and mortality. Salvianolic acid B (SalB) has positively affected various human diseases, including fibrosis. In this review, we concentrate on the anti-fibrotic effects of SalB from a molecular perspective while providing information on the safety, adverse effects, and drug interactions of SalB. Additionally, we discuss the innovative SalB formulations, which give some references for further investigation and therapeutic use of SalB's anti-fibrotic qualities. Even with the encouraging preclinical data, additional research is required before relevant clinical trials can be conducted. Therefore, we conclude with recommendations for future studies. It is hoped that this review will provide comprehensive new perspectives on future research and product development related to SalB treatment of fibrosis and promote the efficient development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Liang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Su
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengtao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunguang Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wang Z, Liu C, Wei J, Yuan H, Shi M, Zhang F, Zeng Q, Huang A, Du L, Li Y, Guo Z. Network and Experimental Pharmacology on Mechanism of Yixintai Regulates the TMAO/PKC/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Treating Heart Failure. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1415-1438. [PMID: 38707614 PMCID: PMC11069381 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s448140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore the mechanism of action of Yixintai in treating chronic ischemic heart failure by combining bioinformatics and experimental validation. Materials and Methods Five potential drugs for treating heart failure were obtained from Yixintai (YXT) through early mass spectrometry detection. The targets of YXT for treating heart failure were obtained by a search of online databases. Gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted on the common targets using the DAVID database. A rat heart failure model was established by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. A small animal color Doppler ultrasound imaging system detected cardiac function indicators. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson's, and electron microscopy were used to observe the pathological morphology of the myocardium in rats with heart failure. The network pharmacology analysis results were validated by ELISA, qPCR, and Western blotting. Results A total of 107 effective targets were obtained by combining compound targets and eliminating duplicate values. PPI analysis showed that inflammation-related proteins (TNF and IL1B) were key targets for treating heart failure, and KEGG enrichment suggested that NF-κB signaling pathway was a key pathway for YXT treatment of heart failure. Animal model validation results indicated the following: YXT can significantly reduce the content of intestinal microbiota metabolites such as trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) and improve heart failure by improving the EF and FS values of heart ultrasound in rats and reducing the levels of serum NT-proBNP, ANP, and BNP to improve heart failure. Together, YXT can inhibit cardiac muscle hypertrophy and fibrosis in rats and improve myocardial ultrastructure and serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. These effects are achieved by inhibiting the expressions of NF-κB and PKC. Conclusion YXT regulates the TMAO/PKC/NF-κB signaling pathway in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Wang
- First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengxin Liu
- First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Wei
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Yuan
- First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Shi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aisi Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
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Hailiwu R, Zeng H, Zhan M, Pan T, Yang H, Li P. Salvianolic acid A diminishes LDHA-driven aerobic glycolysis to restrain myofibroblasts activation and cardiac fibrosis via blocking Akt/GSK-3β/HIF-1α axis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4540-4556. [PMID: 37337901 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts activation intensively contributes to cardiac fibrosis with undefined mechanism. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a phenolic component derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza with antifibrotic potency. This study aimed to interrogate the inhibitory effects and underlying mechanism of SAA on myofibroblasts activation and cardiac fibrosis. Antifibrotic effects of SAA were evaluated in mouse myocardial infarction (MI) model and in vitro myofibroblasts activation model. Metabolic regulatory effects and mechanism of SAA were determined using bioenergetic analysis and cross-validated by multiple metabolic inhibitors and siRNA or plasmid targeting Ldha. Finally, Akt/GSK-3β-related upstream regulatory mechanisms were investigated by immunoblot, q-PCR, and cross-validated by specific inhibitors. SAA inhibited cardiac fibroblasts-to-myofibroblasts transition, suppressed collage matrix proteins expression, and effectively attenuated MI-induced collagen deposition and cardiac fibrosis. SAA attenuated myofibroblasts activation and cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting LDHA-driven abnormal aerobic glycolysis. Mechanistically, SAA inhibited Akt/GSK-3β axis and downregulated HIF-1α expression by promoting its degradation via a noncanonical route, and therefore restrained HIF-1α-triggered Ldha gene expression. SAA is an effective component for treating cardiac fibrosis by diminishing LDHA-driven glycolysis during myofibroblasts activation. Targeting metabolism of myofibroblasts might occupy a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaguli Hailiwu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiling Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Akbar N, Anum H, Razzaq SS, Salim A, Usman S, Haneef K. Ascorbic acid and salvianolic acid B enhance the valproic acid and 5-azacytidinemediated cardiac differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7371-7380. [PMID: 37450078 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases remain a major cause of death globally. Cardiac cells once damaged, cannot resume the normal functioning of the heart. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have shown the potential to differentiate into cardiac cells. Epigenetic modifications determine cell identity during embryo development via regulation of tissue specific gene expression. The major epigenetic mechanisms that control cell fate and biological functions are DNA methylation and histone modifications. However, epigenetic modifiers alone are not sufficient to generate mature cardiac cells. Various small molecules such as ascorbic acid (AA) and salvianolic acid B (SA) are known for their cardiomyogenic potential. Therefore, this study is aimed to examine the synergistic effects of epigenetic modifiers, valproic acid (VPA) and 5-azacytidine (5-aza) with cardiomyogenic molecules, AA and SA in the cardiac differentiation of MSCs. METHODS AND RESULTS BM-MSCs were isolated, propagated, characterized, and then treated with an optimized dose of VPA or 5-aza for 24 h. MSCs were maintained in a medium containing AA and SA for 21 days. All groups were assessed for the expression of cardiac genes and proteins through q-PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Results show that epigenetic modifiers VPA or 5-aza in combination with AA and SA significantly upregulate the expression of cardiac genes MEF2C, Nkx2.5, cMHC, Tbx20, and GATA-4. In addition, VPA or 5-aza pretreatment along with AA and SA enhanced the expression of the cardiac proteins connexin-43, GATA-4, cTnI, and Nkx2.5. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that epigenetic modifiers valproic acid and 5-azacytidine in combination with ascorbic acid and salvianolic acid B promote cardiac differentiation of MSCs. This pretreatment strategy can be exploited for designing future stem cell based therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nukhba Akbar
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hira Anum
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Saima Razzaq
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Usman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Haneef
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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5
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Yang Z, Qi J, Ping D, Sun X, Tao Y, Liu C, Peng Y. Salvia miltiorrhiza in thorax and abdomainal organ fibrosis: A review of its pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999604. [PMID: 36204239 PMCID: PMC9530895 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ fibrosis is a common pathological change that finally results in organ failure, which involves the destruction of parenchyma cells, the activation of mesenchymal cells and the imbalance of immunological cells. In recent years, although some breakthroughs have been made in understanding the pathogenesis and therapeutics of organ fibrosis, no registered drugs could directly target the fibrotic process, which constitutes a major biomedical challenge. Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) is a well-known medicinal plant in China, which has been widely applied because of its pharmacological effects on anti-oxidative, anti-myocardial infarction, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neoplastic properties. Accumulated evidence suggested that SM played critical roles against organ fibrosis in vivo and in vitro experiments by its multiple biological compounds. In this review, we discussed the recent advances on the phytochemistry and pharmacological mechanisms of SM and its active ingredients in liver, lung, kidney, and heart fibrosis, which might help to promote the treatment of fibrotic diseases in thorax and abdomainal viscera in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingshu Qi
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabing Ping
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Tao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chenghai Liu, ; Yuan Peng,
| | - Yuan Peng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chenghai Liu, ; Yuan Peng,
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Therapeutic Effects of Salvianolic Acid B on Angiotensin II-Induced Atrial Fibrosis by Regulating Atrium Metabolism via Targeting AMPK/FoxO1/miR-148a-3p Axis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 16:341-357. [PMID: 35984595 PMCID: PMC10151312 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study highlights the effects of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on angiotensin II (Ang II)-activated atrial fibroblasts as well as the associated potential mechanism from the metabonomics perspective. Metabolic profile analysis performed an optimal separation of the Ang II and control group, indicating a recovery impact of Sal B on Ang II-activated fibroblasts (FBs). We found that metabolite levels in the Ang II + Sal B group were reversed to normal. Moreover, 23 significant metabolites were identified. Metabolic network analysis indicated that these metabolites participated in purine metabolism and FoxO signaling pathway. We found that Sal B activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, which further promoted FoxO1 activation and increased miR-148a-3p level. We further verified that Sal B modulate the abnormal AMP, phosphocreatine, glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Ang II-stimulated FBs. Collectively, Sal B can protect the Ang II-activated FBs from fibrosis and oxidative stress via AMPK/FoxO1/miRNA-148a-3p axis.
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Zou T, Gao S, Yu Z, Zhang F, Yao L, Xu M, Li J, Wu Z, Huang Y, Wang S. Salvianolic acid B inhibits RAW264.7 cell polarization towards the M1 phenotype by inhibiting NF-κB and Akt/mTOR pathway activation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13857. [PMID: 35974091 PMCID: PMC9381594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
M1 macrophages secrete a large number of proinflammatory factors and promote the expansion of atherosclerotic plaques and processes. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) exerts anti-inflammatory, antitumor and other effects, but no study has addressed whether Sal B can regulate the polarization of macrophages to exert these anti-atherosclerotic effects. Therefore, we investigated the inhibition of Sal B in M1 macrophage polarization and the underlying mechanism. The effects of different treatments on cell viability, gene expression and secretion of related proteins, phenotypic markers and cytokines were detected by MTT and western blot assays, RT‒qPCR and ELISAs. Cell viability was not significantly changed when the concentration of Sal B was less than 200 μM, and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/mL) + interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (2.5 ng/mL) successfully induced M1 polarization. RT‒qPCR and ELISAs indicated that Sal B can downregulate M1 marker (Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6)) and upregulate M2 marker (Arginase-1 (Arg-1) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10)) expression. Western blotting was performed to measure the expression of Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB), p-Akt, p-mTOR, LC3-II, Beclin-1, and p62, and the results suggested that Sal B inhibits the M1 polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages by promoting autophagy via the NF-κB signalling pathway. The study indicated that Sal B inhibits M1 macrophage polarization by inhibiting NF-κB signalling pathway activation and downregulating Akt/mTOR activation to promote autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Zhaolan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Fuyong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Mengyao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Junxin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhigui Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yilan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Shurong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Wang D, Ding J, Feng X, Chai X, Yang J, Liu C, Zeng Y, Zhou W, Wang Y. Identification of Q-Markers from Hedan Tablet by employing “spider-web” mode and taking compounds’ hepatotoxicity into account. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2022; 14:612-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Ma D, Mandour AS, Elfadadny A, Hendawy H, Yoshida T, El-Husseiny HM, Nishifuji K, Takahashi K, Zhou Z, Zhao Y, Tanaka R. Changes in Cardiac Function During the Development of Uremic Cardiomyopathy and the Effect of Salvianolic Acid B Administration in a Rat Model. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:905759. [PMID: 35782566 PMCID: PMC9244798 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.905759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Uremic cardiomyopathy (UC), the main cause of death in progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD), is characterized by diastolic dysfunction. Intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG) derived from color m-mode echocardiography (CMME) and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) were established as novel echocardiographic approaches for non-invasive and repeatable assessment of cardiac function. Previously, salvianolic acid B (Sal B) showed the potential to alleviate concentric LV hypertrophy in the pressure overload model. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in cardiac function in UC and assess the efficacy of Sal B therapy using IVPG and 2DSTE techniques. Materials and Methods Twenty-four rats underwent subtotal nephrectomy to produce progressive renal failure and were allocated equally into UC (n = 12) and Sal B-UC (n = 12) groups and monitored for 8 weeks. A sham-operated group was also included in this study (n = 12). Sal B was injected from weeks 4 to 8 in the Sal B-UC group. Conventional echocardiography, 2DSTE, and CMME were performed every 2 weeks post-operation, concomitantly with an evaluation of renal function. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry analyses were carried out to confirm the echocardiography findings. Results Renal failure and myocardial dysfunction were confirmed in the UC group from weeks 2 through 8. Eccentric and concentric hypertrophy was observed in the UC group, while the Sal B-UC group showed only eccentric hypertrophy. IVPG analysis did not reveal any significant differences between the groups. Edema, inflammation, fibrosis, and immunohistochemical expression of CD3 infiltration were higher in the UC group compared with sham and Sal B-UC groups. Conclusion 2DSTE and IVPG explored the pathophysiology during the development of UC and indicated the incidence of myocardial dysfunction before ventricular morphological changes without intracardiac flow changes. This study confirmed increased ventricular stiffness and fibrosis in UC rats which was potentially treated by Sal B via decreasing edema, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Departments of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed S. Mandour
- Departments of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Hanan Hendawy
- Departments of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Tomohiko Yoshida
- Departments of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hussein M. El-Husseiny
- Departments of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Koji Nishifuji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenlei Zhou
| | - Yanbing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Departments of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Ryou Tanaka
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10
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Ma D, Mandour AS, Yoshida T, Matsuura K, Shimada K, Kitpipatkun P, Uemura A, Ifuku M, Takahashi K, Tanaka R. Intraventricular pressure gradients change during the development of left ventricular hypertrophy: Effect of salvianolic acid B and beta-blocker. ULTRASOUND : JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ULTRASOUND SOCIETY 2021; 29:229-240. [PMID: 34777543 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x20987584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Intraventricular pressure gradient is regarded as a non-invasive indicator of diastolic function. Salvianolic acid B (Sal-B), a traditional Asian medicine, revealed its usefulness in myocardial infarction models; however, the hemodynamic effect of salvianolic acid B is still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the intraventricular pressure gradient changes during the development of left ventricular hypertrophy with or without salvianolic acid B and a beta-blocker. Methods In total, 48 rats were divided into four groups; Sham, Non-treatment, salvianolic acid B, and Carvedilol. Aortic coarctation-induced left ventricular hypertrophy was done in three groups and the treatment was started from the third to the sixth week. Blood pressure, conventional echocardiography, and color M-mode echocardiography for measurement of intraventricular pressure gradient were carried out for six consecutive weeks. Results At 4.5 weeks, the LV mass was elevated in the coarctation groups but the blood pressure was significantly lower in salvianolic acid B and Carvedilol groups (P < 0.05). In the Non-treatment group, the total intraventricular pressure gradient was increased at 4.5 and 6 weeks (2.60 and 2.65, respectively). Meanwhile, the basal intraventricular pressure gradient was elevated at 3 and 6 weeks (1.67 and 1.75) compared with the Sham group. Salvianolic acid B and Carvedilol significantly reduced the basal intraventricular pressure gradient at six weeks compared with the Non-treatment group (1.52 and 1.51 vs 1.75, respectively). Conclusions Salvianolic acid B and Carvedilol promote cardiac function by decreasing the elevated basal intraventricular pressure gradient. The current preclinical results revealed the efficacy of salvianolic acid B as a potential therapy for left ventricular hypertrophy because of the non-blood pressure lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfu Ma
- Departments of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed S Mandour
- Departments of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Tomohiko Yoshida
- Departments of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Matsuura
- Departments of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Shimada
- Departments of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pitipat Kitpipatkun
- Departments of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Uemura
- Departments of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ifuku
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Departments of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Elmaaty AA, Darwish KM, Khattab M, Elhady SS, Salah M, Hamed MIA, Al-Karmalawy AA, Saleh MM. In a search for potential drug candidates for combating COVID-19: computational study revealed salvianolic acid B as a potential therapeutic targeting 3CLpro and spike proteins. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8866-8893. [PMID: 33928870 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1918256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The global prevalence of COVID-19 disease and the overwhelming increase in death toll urge scientists to discover new effective drugs. Although the drug discovery process is a challenging and time-consuming, fortunately, the plant kingdom was found to have many active therapeutics possessing broad-spectrum antiviral activity including those candidates active against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV). Herein, nine traditional Chinese medicinal plant constituents from different origins (Glycyrrhizin 1, Lycorine 2, Puerarin 3, Daidzein 4, Daidzin 5, Salvianolic acid B 6, Dihydrotanshinone I 7, Tanshinone I 8, Tanshinone IIa 9) previously reported to exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV were virtually screened in silico (molecular docking) as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 target proteins. The tested medicinal plant compounds were in silico screened for their activity against two key SARS-CoV-2 target proteins; 3CLpro, and Spike binding-domain proteins. Among the tested medicinal plant compounds, Salvianolic acid B 6 (Sal-B) showed promising binding affinities against the two specified SARS-CoV-2 target proteins compared to the reference standards used. Hence molecular dynamics simulations followed by calculating the free-binding energy were carried out for Sal-B providing information on its affinity, stability, and thermodynamic behavior within the two SARS-CoV-2 target proteins as well as key ligand-protein binding aspects. Besides, the quantum mechanical calculations showed that Sal-B can adopt different conformations due to the existence of various rotatable bonds. Therefore, the enhanced antiviral activity of Sal-B among other studied compounds can be also attributed to the structural flexibility of Sal-B. Our study gives an explanation of the structure activity relationship required for targeting SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and Spike proteins and also facilitates the future design and synthesis of new potential drugs exhibiting better affinity and specificity. Besides, an ADME study was carried out on screened compounds and reference controls revealing their pharmacokinetics properties.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Darwish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Khattab
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh S Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Salah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Mohammed I A Hamed
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
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12
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Zhang T, Liu M, Gao Y, Li H, Song L, Hou H, Chen T, Ma L, Zhang G, Ye Z. Salvianolic acid B inhalation solution enhances antifibrotic and anticoagulant effects in a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111475. [PMID: 33774314 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antifibrotic effect and anticoagulant ability of salvianolic acid B (SAB) inhalation solution on bleomycin (BLM)-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in rats. We investigated how the osmotic pressure and concentration of SAB in an aerosol exerted effects. We also determined the aerodynamic particle size distribution and the uniformity of the delivery dose; these parameters were found to be suitable for inhalation. Compared with BLM group, the levels of hydroxyproline (HYP), collagen-1 (Col-1), tissue factor (TF) / coagulation factor VII (TF-VIIa), activated coagulation factor X (FXa), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) decreased in SAB group. The increased expression of coagulation factor Ⅱ (FⅡ), coagulation factor X (FX), tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase type plasminogen activator (u-PA) proved that SAB has obvious antifibrotic and anticoagulant effects. Western blotting and immunofluorescence further showed that compared with the BLM group, the SAB group of rats exhibited significant reductions in the expression levels of protease-activated receptors-1 (PAR-1) and phospho-protein kinase C (p-PKC) and increased expression levels of protein kinase C (PKC) in lung tissue. Furthermore, SAB reduced the infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils, protected the basic structure of the lung from destruction, inhibited the proliferation of fibrous tissue. Collectively, our data revealed that SAB may exert its antifibrotic and anticoagulant effects by preventing the expression of PAR-1 and phosphorylation of PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Mengjiao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Yunhang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Ling Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Hongping Hou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Tengfei Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China
| | - Guangping Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China.
| | - Zuguang Ye
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing City 100700, China.
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13
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Lin Z, Bao Y, Hong B, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wu Y. Salvianolic acid B attenuated cisplatin-induced cardiac injury and oxidative stress via modulating Nrf2 signal pathway. J Toxicol Sci 2021; 46:199-207. [PMID: 33952797 DOI: 10.2131/jts.46.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications have been well documented as the downside to conventional cancer chemotherapy. As a notable side effect of cisplatin (CDDP), cardiotoxicity represents a major obstacle to the successful treatment of cancer. It has been reported that Salvianolic acid B (SalB) possesses cardioprotective quality. However, the effect of SalB on cardiac damage caused by conventional cancer chemotherapy remains unclear. In this study, we clarified the protective effect of SalB on cisplatin-induced heart injury. Furthermore, in H9c2 cells, SalB dramatically reduced cisplatin-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress by modulating the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. In conclusion, SalB had great potential in mitigating cisplatin-induced cardiac injury. Furthermore, more attention should be placed on natural active compounds containing SalB with antioxidant effects for the treatment of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjian Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyan Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaping Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, China
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14
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Ji C, Yu Y, Zhang M, Yu W, Dong S. Loxoprofen Sodium Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Induced by Angiotensin II in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5087-5096. [PMID: 33239867 PMCID: PMC7680688 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s266175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose Endothelium exerts an important role in releasing vasoactive substances, maintaining the blood flow, regulating the growth of vessels, moderating the process of coagulation, and the balance of fibrinolytic system, the dysfunction of which is reported to result in arterial stiffness. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of loxoprofen sodium against HUVECs injury induced by angiotensin II. Methods The injury model on HUVECs was established through incubation with angiotensin II. The expression levels of AT2R, NOX-4, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were evaluated using qRT-PCR and Western Blot. DCFH-DA assay was used to detect the production of ROS and ELISA assay was used to evaluate the level of reduced glutathione. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured using dihydrorhodamine 123 assay. MTT and LDH assays were utilized to determine the proliferation ability of HUVECs. The apoptosis rate of HUVECs was evaluated using flow cytometry. Results Loxoprofen sodium suppressed endothelial AT2R elevation by angiotensin II. Loxoprofen ameliorated Angiotensin II–induced production of ROS, reduced GSH, and NOX-2 and NOX-4 expression. Furthermore, Loxoprofen mitigated Angiotensin II, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and improved cell viability, and suppressed LDH release by angiotensin II. Importantly, loxoprofen showed a beneficial role in protecting endothelial apoptosis by mitigating apoptotic machinery including the balanced expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 cleavage. Conclusion Loxoprofen sodium might alleviate the high ROS levels and apoptosis induced by angiotensin II in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhao Ji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Ward 2, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- General Medicine Department of Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255020, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- General Medicine Department of Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Yu
- General Medicine Department of Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255020, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Ward 2, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255020, People's Republic of China
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15
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Xiao Z, Liu W, Mu YP, Zhang H, Wang XN, Zhao CQ, Chen JM, Liu P. Pharmacological Effects of Salvianolic Acid B Against Oxidative Damage. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:572373. [PMID: 33343348 PMCID: PMC7741185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.572373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is one of the main active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza, with strong antioxidant effects. Recent findings have shown that Sal B has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic effects and can promote stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, aging, and liver fibrosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) include oxygen free radicals and oxygen-containing non-free radicals. ROS can regulate cell proliferation, survival, death and differentiation to regulate inflammation, and immunity, while Sal B can scavenge oxygen free radicals by providing hydrogen atoms and reduce the production of oxygen free radicals and oxygen-containing non-radicals by regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes. The many pharmacological effects of Sal B may be closely related to its elimination and inhibition of ROS generation, and Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 may be the core link in its regulation of the expression of antioxidant enzyme to exert its antioxidant effect. What is confusing and interesting is that Sal B exhibits the opposite mechanisms in tumors. To clarify the specific target of Sal B and the correlation between its regulation of oxidative stress and energy metabolism homeostasis will help to further understand its role in different pathological conditions, and provide a scientific basis for its further clinical application and new drug development. Although Sal B has broad prospects in clinical application due to its extensive pharmacological effects, the low bioavailability is a serious obstacle to further improving its efficacy in vivo and promoting clinical application. Therefore, how to improve the availability of Sal B in vivo requires the joint efforts of many interdisciplinary subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Xiao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Ping Mu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Qing Zhao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Mei Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Nandi SS, Katsurada K, Sharma NM, Anderson DR, Mahata SK, Patel KP. MMP9 inhibition increases autophagic flux in chronic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1414-H1437. [PMID: 33064567 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00032.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increased matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) after myocardial infarction (MI) exacerbates ischemia-induced chronic heart failure (CHF). Autophagy is cardioprotective during CHF; however, whether increased MMP9 suppresses autophagic activity in CHF is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether increased MMP9 suppressed autophagic flux and MMP9 inhibition increased autophagic flux in the heart of rats with post-MI CHF. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either sham surgery or coronary artery ligation 6-8 wk before being treated with MMP9 inhibitor for 7 days, followed by cardiac autophagic flux measurement with lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A1. Furthermore, autophagic flux was measured in vitro by treating H9c2 cardiomyocytes with two independent pharmacological MMP9 inhibitors, salvianolic acid B (SalB) and MMP9 inhibitor-I, and CRISPR/cas9-mediated MMP9 genetic ablation. CHF rats showed cardiac infarct, significantly increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and increased MMP9 activity and fibrosis in the peri-infarct areas of left ventricular myocardium. Measurement of the autophagic markers LC3B-II and p62 with lysosomal inhibition showed decreased autophagic flux in the peri-infarct myocardium. Treatment with SalB for 7 days in CHF rats decreased MMP9 activity and cardiac fibrosis but increased autophagic flux in the peri-infarct myocardium. As an in vitro corollary study, measurement of autophagic flux in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts showed that pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of MMP9 upregulates autophagic flux. These data are consistent with our observations that MMP9 inhibition upregulates autophagic flux in the heart of rats with CHF. In conclusion, the results in this study suggest that the beneficial outcome of MMP9 inhibition in pathological cardiac remodeling is in part mediated by improved autophagic flux.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study elucidates that the improved cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and cardioprotective effect of matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) inhibition in chronic heart failure (CHF) are via increased autophagic flux. Autophagy is cardioprotective; however, the mechanism of autophagy suppression in CHF is unknown. We for the first time demonstrated here that increased MMP9 suppressed cardiac autophagy and ablation of MMP9 increased cardiac autophagic flux in CHF rats. Restoring the physiological level of autophagy in the failing heart is a challenge, and our study addressed this challenge. The novelty and highlights of this report are as follows: 1) MMP9 regulates cardiomyocyte and fibroblast autophagy, 2) MMP9 inhibition protects CHF after myocardial infarction (MI) via increased cardiac autophagic flux, 3) MMP9 inhibition increased cardiac autophagy via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α, Beclin-1, Atg7 pathway and suppressed mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam S Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kenichi Katsurada
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Neeru M Sharma
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Daniel R Anderson
- Department of Cardiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Kaushik P Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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17
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de Souza P, da Silva LM, de Andrade SF, Gasparotto Junior A. Recent Advances in the Knowledge of Naturally-derived Bioactive Compounds as Modulating Agents of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System: Therapeutic Benefits in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:670-684. [PMID: 30931846 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190329122443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the biggest challenges to public health worldwide is to reduce the number of events and deaths related to the cardiovascular diseases. Numerous approaches have been applied to reach this goal, and drug treatment intervention has been indispensable along with an effective strategy for reducing both cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade is currently one of the most important targets of cardiovascular drug therapy. Many studies have proven the valuable properties of naturally-derived bioactive compounds to treat cardiovascular diseases. METHODS The goal of this review, therefore, is to discuss the recent developments related to medicinal properties about natural compounds as modulating agents of the RAAS, which have made them an attractive alternative to be available to supplement the current therapy options. RESULTS Data has shown that bioactive compounds isolated from several natural products act either by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme or directly by modulating the AT1 receptors of angiotensin II, which consequently changes the entire classical axis of this system. CONCLUSION While there are a few evidence about the positive actions of different classes of secondary metabolites for the treatment of cardiovascular and renal diseases, data is scarce about the clinical assays established to demonstrate their value in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa M da Silva
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Sérgio F de Andrade
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratorio de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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18
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Zhou P, Hua F, Wang X, Huang JL. Therapeutic potential of IKK-β inhibitors from natural phenolics for inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:19-37. [PMID: 31894515 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is a chronic disease with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. Previous studies have suggested that preventing inflammation serves an efficient role in protection against cardiovascular diseases. Modulation of IKK-β activity can be used to treat and control CVDs associated with chronic inflammation, which targets the phosphorylation of IκB following the release of the RelA complex, and then translocates to the nucleus, eventually triggering the transcription of several genes that induce chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. Most importantly, the IκB kinase (IKK) complex is involved in transcriptional activation by phosphorylating the inhibitory molecule IkBα, enabling activation of NF-κB. Phenolic compounds possess cardioprotective potential that may be related to modulating inflammatory responses involved in CVDs. The SystemsDock analysis was used to explore whether 38 active compounds inhibit IKK-β activity based on literature. Docking results showed that the top docking score of three chemical compounds were icariin, salvianolic acid B, and plantainoside D in all compounds. Icariin, salvianolic acid B, and plantainoside D are the most promising IKKβ inhibitors. These phytochemicals could be helpful to find the lead compounds on designing and developing novel cardioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Hua
- Pharmacy School, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China.,Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ling Huang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Ma S, Ma J, Zhou Y, Guo L, Bai J, Zhang M. Tongguan capsule derived-herb ameliorates remodeling at infarcted border zone and reduces ventricular arrhythmias in rats after myocardial infarction. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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20
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Yang Y, Chen S, Tao L, Gan S, Luo H, Xu Y, Shen X. Inhibitory Effects of Oxymatrine on Transdifferentiation of Neonatal Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts to Myofibroblasts Induced by Aldosterone via Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5375-5388. [PMID: 31325292 PMCID: PMC6662943 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxymatrine (OMT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the traditional Chinese herb Radix Sophorae flavescentis, has widely reported pharmacological efficacy in treating cardiovascular dysfunction-related diseases. However, the underlying mechanism has been unclear. Here, we investigated the potential inhibitory effects and mechanism of OMT on transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblasts induced by aldosterone in vitro. Material/Methods The cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs) proliferation and migration capacity were evaluated by MTT assay, cell cycle assay, and scratch analysis, respectively. The protein expression of the Nrf2/Keap1 signal pathway, FN, Collagen I, Collagen III, α-SMA, CTGF, and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) protein was detected by Western blot analysis. The mRNA expression of Nrf2 was detected by qRT-PCR. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of α-SMA protein. Nrf2 siRNA was used to explore the role of Nrf2 in OMT-treated CFBs. GSH, SOD, and MDA levels and hydroxyproline content were measured by colorimetric assay with commercial kits. The DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to assess cellular ROS levels. Results OMT and Curcumin (an Nrf2 agonist) attenuated aldosterone (ALD)-induced proliferation and migration in CFBs, as well as the fibrosis-associated protein expression levels. Moreover, OMT activated Nrf2 and promoted the nucleus translocation of Nrf2. OMT alleviated the elevated levels of α-SMA, Collagen I, Collagen III, and CTGF, which were abrogated by the Nrf2 siRNA transfection. We also found that OMT decreased oxidative stress levels. Conclusions Our results confirm that OMT alleviates transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts induced by aldosterone via activating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- The Department of Pharmacognosy (The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Shiping Chen
- The Department of Pharmacognosy (The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Ling Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Shiquan Gan
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Luo
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yini Xu
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The Department of Pharmacognosy (The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
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Ren J, Fu L, Nile SH, Zhang J, Kai G. Salvia miltiorrhiza in Treating Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review on Its Pharmacological and Clinical Applications. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:753. [PMID: 31338034 PMCID: PMC6626924 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive chemical constitutes from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza classified in two major groups, viz., liposoluble tanshinones and water-soluble phenolics. Tanshinone IIA is a major lipid-soluble compound having promising health benefits. The in vivo and in vitro studies showed that the tanshinone IIA and salvianolate have a wide range of cardiovascular and other pharmacological effects, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, endothelial protective, myocardial protective, anticoagulation, vasodilation, and anti-atherosclerosis, as well as significantly help to reduce proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, some of the clinical studies reported that the S. miltiorrhiza preparations in combination with Western medicine were more effective for treatment of various cardiovascular diseases including angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and pulmonary heart diseases. In this review, we demonstrated the potential applications of S. miltiorrhiza, including pharmacological effects of salvianolate, tanshinone IIA, and its water-soluble derivative, like sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. Moreover, we also provided details about the clinical applications of S. miltiorrhiza preparations in controlling the cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Fu
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Ma S, Ma J, Mai X, Zhao X, Guo L, Zhang M. Danqi soft capsule prevents infarct border zone remodelling and reduces susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in post-myocardial infarction rats. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5454-5465. [PMID: 31232519 PMCID: PMC6653321 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Danqi soft capsule (DQ) is a traditional Chinese medicine containing Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng; it is safe and efficient in treating ischaemic heart diseases. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether DQ could prevent infarct border zone (IBZ) remodelling and decrease ventricular arrhythmias occurrence in post‐myocardial infarction (MI) stage. MI was induced by a ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. DQ was administered to the post‐MI rats started from 1 week after MI surgery for 4 weeks. The results showed that DQ treatment significantly attenuated tachyarrhythmia induction rates and arrhythmia score in post‐MI rats. In echocardiography, DQ improved left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function. Histological assessment revealed that DQ significantly reduced fibrotic areas and myocyte areas, and increased connexin (Cx) 43 positive areas in IBZ. Western blot revealed that DQ treatment significantly reduced the protein expression levels of type I and III collagens, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and Smad3 phosphorylation, while increasing Cx43 amounts. Overall, these findings mainly indicated that DQ intervention regulates interstitial fibrosis, Cx43 expression and myocyte hypertrophy by TGF‐β1/Smad3 pathway in IBZ, inhibits LV remodelling and reduces vulnerability to tachyarrhythmias after MI. This study presents a proof of concept for novel antiarrhythmic strategies in preventing IBZ remodelling, modifying the healed arrhythmogenic substrate and thus reducing susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in the late post‐MI period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Mai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xujie Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liheng Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minzhou Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction, Guangzhou, China
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Han L, Zhu B, Chen H, Jin Y, Liu J, Wang W. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 inhibits the process of renal interstitial fibrosis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2953-2962. [PMID: 30936965 PMCID: PMC6434245 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome inhibitor pathway serves a crucial role in cell cycle progression and apoptosis, and in the activation of transcription factors and cytokines in tumor cells. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of the proteasome inhibitor, MG132, on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced expression of extracellular matrix proteins in rat renal interstitial fibroblasts (NRK-49F cells) and to better elucidate the mechanism by which MG132 functions. The level of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), fibronectin (FN) and collagen type III (Col III) in the MG132-pretreated groups was significantly decreased compared with groups treated with TGF-β1 alone. MG132 significantly decreased mRNA and the protein levels of fibrosis-associated factors induced by TGF-β1 treatment. The MG132-pretreated groups exhibited lower phosphorylated-mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (p-Smad)2, p-Smad3 and FN protein expression compared with the groups treated with TGF-β1 alone. In conclusion, MG132 reduced mRNA and protein expression of fibrosis-associated factors. It can successfully inhibit the inflammatory reaction induced by TGF-β via the Smad signaling pathway. These results indicate that MG132 appears to have a potent effect in counteracting renal fibrosis. MG132 may be applied in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, Tong Ji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yuanmeng Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Ma L, Tang L, Yi Q. Salvianolic Acids: Potential Source of Natural Drugs for the Treatment of Fibrosis Disease and Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:97. [PMID: 30842735 PMCID: PMC6391314 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acids, the most effective and abundant compounds extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), are well known for its good anti-oxidative activity. Danshen has been extensively used as a traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular-related diseases in China and other Asian countries for hundreds of years. Recently, more and more studies have demonstrated that salvianolic acids also have a good effect on the alleviation of fibrosis disease and the treatment of cancer. In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that salvianolic acids can modulate signal transduction within fibroblasts and cancer cells. It is discovered that the cancer treatment of salvianolic acids is not only because salvianolic acids promote the apoptosis of cancer cells, but also due to the inhibition of cancer-associated epithelial-mesenchymal transition processes. In this article, we review a variety of studies focusing on the comprehensive roles of salvianolic acids in the treatment of fibrosis disease and cancer. These perspectives on the therapeutic potential of salvianolic acids highlight the importance of these compounds, which could be the novel and attractive drugs for fibrosis disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunkun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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