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Ryu H, Jeong HH, Lee S, Lee MK, Kim MJ, Lee B. LPS-Induced Modifications in Macrophage Transcript and Secretion Profiles Are Linked to Muscle Wasting and Glucose Intolerance. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:270-279. [PMID: 38044678 PMCID: PMC10940789 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2309.09037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are versatile immune cells that play crucial roles in tissue repair, immune defense, and the regulation of immune responses. In the context of skeletal muscle, they are vital for maintaining muscle homeostasis but macrophage-induced chronic inflammation can lead to muscle dysfunction, resulting in skeletal muscle atrophy characterized by reduced muscle mass and impaired insulin regulation and glucose uptake. Although the involvement of macrophage-secreted factors in inflammation-induced muscle atrophy is well-established, the precise intracellular signaling pathways and secretion factors affecting skeletal muscle homeostasis require further investigation. This study aimed to explore the regulation of macrophage-secreted factors and their impact on muscle atrophy and glucose metabolism. By employing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and proteome array, we uncovered that factors secreted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages upregulated markers of muscle atrophy and pro-inflammatory cytokines, while concurrently reducing glucose uptake in muscle cells. The RNA-seq analysis identified alterations in gene expression patterns associated with immune system pathways and nutrient metabolism. The utilization of gene ontology (GO) analysis and proteome array with macrophage-conditioned media revealed the involvement of macrophage-secreted cytokines and chemokines associated with muscle atrophy. These findings offer valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms of macrophage-secreted factors and their contributions to muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyeon Ryu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Hak Jeong
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Mohammed NN, Tadros MG, George MY. Empagliflozin repurposing in Parkinson's disease; modulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, AMPK/SIRT-1/PGC-1α, and wnt/β-catenin pathways. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:777-794. [PMID: 38038781 PMCID: PMC10907444 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neuroprogressive disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta. Empagliflozin (EMPA), a SGLT-2 inhibitor, is an oral hypoglycemic agent with reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The current study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of EMPA in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease. Rats were randomly distributed among five groups as follows: control, rotenone (2 mg/kg), rotenone + EMPA (10 mg/kg), rotenone + EMPA (20 mg/kg), and EMPA (20 mg/kg) groups. They were treated for 30 consecutive days. Rotenone reduced locomotor activity and retention time on the rotarod performance test while elongated descent latency time. On the other side, EMPA corrected these behavioral changes. These results were confirmed by histological examination and number of intact neurons. Moreover, rotenone induced alpha-synuclein accumulation, reduced tyrosine hydroxylase expression, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid concentrations. On the other side, EMPA reversed such effects induced by rotenone. Depending on previous results, EMPA (20 mg/kg) was selected for further mechanistic studies. Rotenone ameliorated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and enhanced lipid peroxidation, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. By contrast, EMPA opposed rotenone-induced effects on oxidative stress and inflammation. Besides, rotenone reduced the expression of pAMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1), as well as abrogated NAD+/NADH ratio. However, EMPA activated the AMPK/SIRT-1/PGC-1α pathway. Moreover, rotenone hindered the wnt/β-catenin pathway by reducing the wnt-3a level and β-catenin expression. On the other side, EMPA triggered activation of the wnt/β-catenin pathway. Collectively, EMPA may provide a promising solution for Parkinson's patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Nabil Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo Governorate, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo Governorate, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mina Y George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo Governorate, 11566, Egypt.
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Almikhlafi MA. The role of exercise in Parkinson's Disease. NEUROSCIENCES (RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA) 2023; 28:4-12. [PMID: 36617448 PMCID: PMC9987629 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2023.1.20220105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive widespread neurodegenerative disorder affecting the brain. It is characterized by dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Current therapeutic options ease the symptoms of PD; however, they have multiple undesirable effects and do not slow the disease progression. Exercise by itself has many positive impacts on general health. In this review, the positive impact of different forms of exercise were found to improve motor and non-motor symptoms in PD. Exercise effects is mediate by multiple mechanisms, including the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor, and autophagy regulating proteins; and downregulates proinflammatory cytokines. In this review, the significance of exercise in PD, as well as in the prevention and maintenance of the disease was discussed. Many questions are left unanswered in this manuscript, including potential genetic factors underlying response to exercise. Therefore, further high-quality studies on humans are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad A Almikhlafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taibah University, Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Erekat NS. Autophagy and Its Association with Genetic Mutations in Parkinson Disease. Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e938519. [PMID: 36366737 PMCID: PMC9664771 DOI: 10.12659/msm.938519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 0.1-0.2% of the general population. It is a progressive debilitating disorder caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. It is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Parkinson disease can be caused by mutations in genes that encode proteins involved in the autophagic process, resulting in impaired autophagy. Indeed, autophagy has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease, particularly because its impairment causes the buildup of proteins. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of Parkinson disease-related genetic mutations and their association with autophagy impairment in Parkinson disease, which can be helpful in improving the understanding of the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease, illustrating the potential therapeutic implications of agents that can enhance autophagy in Parkinson disease. Additionally, we will highlight the essential need for the development of highly sensitive and specific assays for gene-based diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, we will provide an overview on the potential gene-based therapeutic approaches for Parkinson disease, which have been most advanced and are associated with the most common targets being alpha-synuclein (SNCA), leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2), and glucocerebrosidase (GBA).
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Roy A, Banerjee R, Choudhury S, Chatterjee K, Mondal B, Dey S, Kumar H. Novel inflammasome and oxidative modulators in Parkinson's disease: A prospective study. Neurosci Lett 2022; 786:136768. [PMID: 35780939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not clear. Yet, it seems likely that inflammation as well as oxidative stress plays a major role in the disease pathogenesis. Based on our previous findings, we aimed to investigate prospective changes in peripheral inflammasome and oxidative modulators in relation to the progression of motor symptoms and severity of PD. METHODS Levels of inflammatory and oxidative markers in the serum of PD patients and healthy controls were estimated by quantitative ELISA and spectrophotometric methods at the baseline and at the end of one year. RESULTS In PD patients, serum NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β levels increased significantly over a year, compared to the baseline. The average enzymatic activity of serum SOD1 was also augmented at one-year follow-up. Alongside these serummarker changes, the mean motorseverity of this patient cohort worsened over the time period. CONCLUSION This pioneering study identified a novel association of peripheral inflammatory and oxidative markers with the progression of PD. Correlation of these serum proteins with the central pathological changes in PD and disease severity in a prospective manner might be useful not only for prognostication, but for understanding disease mechanisms and for planning future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Roy
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, India; Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Rebecca Banerjee
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Supriyo Choudhury
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Koustav Chatterjee
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Banashree Mondal
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; UGC Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and UGC Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
| | - Hrishikesh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, India.
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Erekat NS, Al-Jarrah MD. Endurance exercise training suppresses myostatin upregulation and nuclear factor-kappa B activation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Vet World 2022; 15:383-389. [PMID: 35400955 PMCID: PMC8980372 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.383-389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Muscle atrophy is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although myostatin has been implicated in muscle atrophy, its expression in PD skeletal muscle has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the influence of PD induction and exercise training on myostatin expression in the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle. Materials and Methods: Thirty albino mice were randomly selected and separated into three groups of 10 mice each: Sedentary control, sedentary PD (SPD), and exercised PD (EPD). 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and probenecid were used to induce chronic parkinsonism in the PD groups. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of myostatin and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) in gastrocnemius muscles of all three groups. Results: Myostatin expression and NF-kB nuclear localization, indicative of its activation, were significantly (p<0.01) higher in gastrocnemius skeletal muscle in the SPD group than in the control and EPD groups. Concomitantly, the average cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers in the SPD albino mice was significantly smaller (p<0.01) than in the control and EPD groups, indicating muscle atrophy. Conclusion: The present data are the first to indicate a correlation between PD induction and myostatin overexpression and NF-kB activation in the gastrocnemius muscle, potentially promoting the muscle atrophy commonly seen in PD. Additionally, the current data are the first to indicate the beneficial effects of exercise training on PD-associated myostatin overexpression, NF-κB activation, and muscle atrophy. Thus, our data are the first to suggest that myostatin and NF-κB might be regarded as potential therapeutic targets in an attempt to ameliorate skeletal muscle abnormalities commonly observed in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour S. Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Muhammed D. Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Liu X, Zu E, Chang X, Ma X, Wang Z, Song X, Li X, Yu Q, Kamei KI, Hayashi T, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Fujisaki H, Ikejima T, Wang DO. Bi-phasic effect of gelatin in myogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:273524. [PMID: 34821368 PMCID: PMC8713995 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration requires extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, including an acute and transient breakdown of collagen that produces gelatin. Although the physiological function of this process is unclear, it has inspired the application of gelatin to injured skeletal muscle for a potential pro-regenerative effect. Here, we investigated a bi-phasic effect of gelatin in skeletal muscle regeneration, mediated by the hormetic effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Low-dose gelatin stimulated ROS production from NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and simultaneously upregulated the antioxidant system for cellular defense, reminiscent of the adaptive compensatory process during mild stress. This response triggered the release of the myokine IL-6, which stimulates myogenesis and facilitates muscle regeneration. By contrast, high-dose gelatin stimulated ROS overproduction from NOX2 and the mitochondrial chain complex, and ROS accumulation by suppressing the antioxidant system, triggering the release of TNFα, which inhibits myogenesis and regeneration. Our results have revealed a bi-phasic role of gelatin in regulating skeletal muscle repair mediated by intracellular ROS, the antioxidant system and cytokine (IL-6 and TNFα) signaling. Summary: Application of high- and low-dose gelatin to skeletal muscle revealed a bi-phasic role of gelatin in regulating skeletal muscle repair, which has translational implications for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Er Zu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xinyu Chang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xintong Song
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiangru Li
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutic, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kamei
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-850, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advance Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1, Nakanomachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.,Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Hitomi Fujisaki
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Ohtan Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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Al-Jarrah MD, Erekat NS. Endurance exercise training suppresses Parkinson disease-induced overexpression of apoptotic mediators in the heart. NeuroRehabilitation 2021; 48:315-320. [PMID: 33814475 DOI: 10.3233/nre-201650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDWe have shown elevated levels of p53 and active caspase-3 in the heart with Parkinson disease (PD). The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of treadmill training on the cardiac expression of p53 and active caspase-3 in the mouse with induced Parkinsonism. METHODS Thirty randomly selected normal albino mice were equally divided into the following 3 groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary Parkinson diseased (SPD), and exercised Parkinson diseased (EPD). 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and probenecid (MPTP/p) were used to induce chronic Parkinson disease in the SPD and EPD animals. The expression of p53 and active caspase-3 was investigated, using immunohistochemistry, in the heart in each animal group. RESULTS Both p53 and active caspase-3 expression was significantly (p value < 0.05) reduced in the PD heart following endurance exercise training. CONCLUSION Our present data suggest that chronic exercise training reduced PD-induced upregulation of p53 and active caspase-3 in the heart. Thus, our study suggests that inhibiting p53 and/or active caspase-3 may be considered as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate PD cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed D Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nour S Erekat
- Department of Anatomy. Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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What and How Can Physical Activity Prevention Function on Parkinson's Disease? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4293071. [PMID: 32215173 PMCID: PMC7042542 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4293071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study was aimed at investigating the effects and molecular mechanisms of physical activity intervention on Parkinson's disease (PD) and providing theoretical guidance for the prevention and treatment of PD. Methods Four electronic databases up to December 2019 were searched (PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, and Wiley database), 176 articles were selected. Literature data were analyzed by the logic analysis method. Results (1) Risk factors of PD include dairy products, pesticides, traumatic brain injury, and obesity. Protective factors include alcohol, tobacco, coffee, black tea, and physical activity. (2) Physical activity can reduce the risk and improve symptoms of PD and the beneficial forms of physical activity, including running, dancing, traditional Chinese martial arts, yoga, and weight training. (3) Different forms of physical activity alleviate the symptoms of PD through different mechanisms, including reducing the accumulation of α-syn protein, inflammation, and oxidative stress, while enhancing BDNF activity, nerve regeneration, and mitochondrial function. Conclusion Physical activity has a positive impact on the prevention and treatment of PD. Illustrating the molecular mechanism of physical activity-induced protective effect on PD is an urgent need for improving the efficacy of PD therapy regimens in the future.
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Zhou L, Huang YF, Xie H, Mei XY, Gao J. Buyang Huanwu Tang alleviates inflammation and improves motor endplate functions in DSMA rat models by activating several biological molecules and associated signaling pathways. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3056-3068. [PMID: 31217875 PMCID: PMC6556633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Denervated-dependent skeletal muscle atrophy (DSMA) is considered to be the neuro-disconnection of skeletal muscle. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Buyang Huanwu Tang (BYHWT) on the DSMA and clarify associated molecular and genetic mechanisms. DSMA rat models were established according to the previously published study and divided into Model group and BYHWT group. Meanwhile, normal rats were assigned as Normal control (NC) group. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to examine inflammatory responses. Motor endplate activity was evaluated with wholemount acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining. Mass-spectrometry analysis was conducted to compare differentially expressed proteins. RNAs were prepared and applied to gene functional analysis. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were employed to analyze biological functions. The results indicated that BYHWT remarkably alleviated inflammatory responses and significantly improved motor endplate function, compared to that in DSMA Model rats (P<0.05). In BYHWT group, there were 393 differentially up-regulated and 576 differentially down-regulated molecules compared to that in Model group. Comparing to Model group, the cellular response to interferon-gamma, integral component of plasma membrane and voltage-gated potassium channel activity genes in BYHWT group were the most biological process (BP), cellular component (CC) and molecular function (MF) differential genes, respectively. Fructose/mannose metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism KEGG signaling pathways illustrated the most significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes. In conclusion, BYHWT alleviated the inflammations and improved the motor endplate function of DSMA rats by activating cellular response to interferon-gamma, integral component of plasma membrane and voltage-gated potassium channel activity genes and associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhou
- Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Staff Room, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Yu-Fang Huang
- Pathological Staff Room, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Pharmacological Staff Room, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Mei
- Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Staff Room, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
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Al-Jarrah MD, Erekat NS. Treadmill exercise training could attenuate the upregulation of Interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the skeletal muscle of mouse model of chronic/progressive Parkinson disease. NeuroRehabilitation 2019; 43:501-507. [DOI: 10.3233/nre-182492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed D. Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nour S. Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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12
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Erekat N, Rababa'h R, Al-Jarrah M. Overexpression of renal proapoptotic factors is attenuated subsequent to endurance exercise in Type I diabetes: An immunohistochemistry study. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_60_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Erekat NS. Cerebellar Upregulation of Cell Surface Death Receptor-Mediated Apoptotic Factors in Harmaline-Induced Tremor: An Immunohistochemistry Study. J Cell Death 2018; 11:1179066018809091. [PMID: 30450003 PMCID: PMC6236486 DOI: 10.1177/1179066018809091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Active caspase-3-mediated apoptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of
harmaline-induced tremor. The aim of this study is to illustrate the impact of
tremor induction on the expression of factors mediating the cell surface death
receptor–dependent apoptosis. A total of 20 normal Wistar rats were randomly
selected and equally divided into control and experimental groups. Tremor was
induced in the experimental group by injecting the rats with a single dose of
harmaline (50 mg/kg). After that, cerebellar tissues were evaluated by
immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of tumor necrosis factor α
(TNF-α) and active caspase-8 in the 2 groups of animals. TNF-α and active
caspase-8 expression was significantly higher in cerebella from experimental
rats compared with that in those from the control rats (P
value < .01). Thus, our present data suggest the association of tremor
induction with the cerebellar overexpression of TNF-α and active caspase-8,
correlative with Purkinje cell (PC) loss indicated by loss of calbindin
immunoreactivity, indicating the induction of the cell surface death
receptor–mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour S Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Erekat NS, Al-Jarrah MD. Association of Parkinson Disease Induction with Cardiac Upregulation of Apoptotic Mediators P53 and Active Caspase-3: An Immunohistochemistry Study. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2018; 24:120-126. [PMID: 30135418 PMCID: PMC6118164 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.910307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). Active caspase-3, which is a proapoptotic factor, has been shown to reduce cardiac contractility, causing cardiac dysfunction in many pathological diseases. Reduced cardiac contractility and cardiac autonomic dysfunction have been reported in PD patients and PD mice treated with MPTP. The aim of this study was to show the impact of PD induction on the expression of the apoptotic mediators p53 and active caspase-3 in the heart. MATERIAL AND METHODS Equal control and PD groups were formed by 20 randomly selected normal albino mice. We used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (25 mg/kg) and probenecid (250 mg/kg) (MPTP/p) to induce chronic Parkinsonism in the PD group. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the expression of p53, active caspase-3, and β-adrenergic receptor in hearts from the 2 animal groups. RESULTS P53 and active caspase-3 expression was significantly higher in PD hearts than in the control hearts (p value <0.01). β-adrenergic receptor expression was significantly lower in PD hearts than in control hearts (p value <0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results show an association of PD with p53 and active caspase-3 overexpression and β-adrenergic receptor underexpression in the heart, potentially promoting the cardiac autonomic dysfunction frequently observed in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour S. Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Muhammed D. Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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