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Hamdy DA, Ismail MAM, El-Askary HM, Abdel-Baki AAS, Al-Quraishy S, Mohamed F, Ahmed MM, Fouad FM, Hassan AO, Abdel-Tawab H. Green synthesis of zinc oxide/Allium sativum nano-composite and its efficacy against murine cryptosporidiosis. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1912-1925. [PMID: 38558483 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is a global health problem threats life of immunocompromised patients. Allium sativum (A. sativum) is one of the therapeutic options for cryptosporidiosis. This study develops green synthesized ZnO-NPs based on A. sativum extract, and assesses its therapeutic application in treating experimental cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice. FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta analyzer were used for characterization of bio ZnO-NPs. The morphology of prepared materials appeared as sponge with many pores on the whole surface that allows the feasibility of bio ZnO-NPs for different biological activities. Its structural analysis was highly stabilized with negative charge surface which indicated for well distribution into the parasite matrix. Twenty-five immunosuppressed Cryptosporidium parvum infected mice, classified into 5 groups were sacrificed at 21th day after infection with evaluation of parasitological, histopathological, oxidative, and proinflammatory biomarkers. Treated mice groups with 50 and 100 mg/kg of AS/ZnO-NPs showed a highly significant decline (79.9% and 83.23%, respectively) in the total number of expelled oocysts. Both doses revealed actual amelioration of the intestinal, hepatic, and pulmonary histopathological lesions. They also significantly produced an increase in GSH values and improved the changes in NO and MDA levels, and showed high anti-inflammatory properties. This study is the first to report green synthesis of ZnO/A. sativum nano-composite as an effective therapy in treating cryptosporidiosis which gave better results than using A. sativum alone. It provides an economical and environment-friendly approach towards novel delivery synthesis for antiparasitic applications. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Green synthesis of ZnO-NPs was developed using A. sativum extract. The morphology of prepared ZnO-NPs appeared as sponge with many pores on SEM The study evaluates its therapeutic efficacy against murine cryptosporidiosis The green synthesized ZnO-NPs significantly reduced percent of oocyst shedding, improved the pathological changes, and showed high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A Hamdy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mousa A M Ismail
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala M El-Askary
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Mohamed
- Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Materials Science Lab, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Fouad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Heba Abdel-Tawab
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Sun X, Mao C, Wang J, Wu S, Qu Y, Xie Y, Sun F, Jiang D, Song Y. Unveiling the Potential of Sulfur-Containing Gas Signaling Molecules in Acute Lung Injury: A Promising Therapeutic Avenue. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7147-7168. [PMID: 39057067 PMCID: PMC11275821 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are pulmonary conditions that cause significant morbidity and mortality. The common etiologies of these conditions include pneumonia, pulmonary contusion, fat embolism, smoke inhalation, sepsis, shock, and acute pancreatitis. Inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy are key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ALI. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are sulfur-containing gas signaling molecules that can mitigate these pathogenic processes by modulating various signaling pathways, such as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), extracellular signal-regulating protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), thereby conferring protection against ALI. Given the limited clinical effectiveness of prevailing ALI treatments, investigation of the modulation of sulfur-containing gas signaling molecules (H2S and SO2) in ALI is imperative. This article presents an overview of the regulatory pathways of sulfur-containing gas signaling molecules in ALI animal models induced by various stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide, gas inhalation, oleic acid, and ischemia-reperfusion. Furthermore, this study explored the therapeutic prospects of diverse H2S and SO2 donors for ALI, stemming from diverse etiologies. The aim of the present study was to establish a theoretical framework, in order to promote the new treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutao Sun
- Department of Typhoid, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Caiyun Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (C.M.); (S.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Synopsis Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Siyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (C.M.); (S.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (C.M.); (S.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Synopsis Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Fengqi Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Deyou Jiang
- Department of Synopsis Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yunjia Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (C.M.); (S.W.); (Y.Q.)
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Yang Z, Kao X, Huang N, Yuan K, Chen J, He M. Identification and Analysis of PANoptosis-Related Genes in Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury by Bioinformatics and Experimental Verification. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1941-1956. [PMID: 38562657 PMCID: PMC10984196 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s452608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sepsis-induced lung injury (SLI) is a serious complication of sepsis. PANoptosis, a novel form of inflammatory programmed cell death that is not yet to be fully investigated in SLI. Our research aims to screen and validate the signature genes of PANoptosis in SLI by bioinformatics and in vivo experiment. Methods SLI-related datasets were downloaded from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of SLI were identified and intersected with the PANoptosis gene set to obtain DEGs related to PANoptosis (SPAN_DEGs). Then, Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network and functional enrichment analysis were conducted based on SPAN_DEGs. SVM-REF, LASSO and RandomForest three algorithms were combined to identify the signature genes. The Nomogram and ROC curves were performed to predict diagnostic value. Immune infiltration analysis, correlation analysis and differential expression analysis were used to explore the immunological characterization, correlation and expression levels of the signature genes. Finally, H&E staining and qRT-PCR were conducted for further verification in vivo experiment. Results Twenty-four SPAN_DEGs were identified by intersecting 675 DEGs with the 277 PANoptosis genes. Four signature genes (CD14, GSDMD, IL1β, and FAS) were identified by three machine learning algorithms, which were highly expressed in the SLI group, and had high diagnostic value in the diagnostic model. Moreover, immune infiltration analysis showed that most immune cells and immune-related functions were higher in the SLI group than those in the control group and were closely associated with the signature genes. Finally, it was confirmed that the cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) group mice showed significant pathological damage in lung tissues, and the mRNA expression levels of CD14, IL1β, and FAS were significantly higher than the sham group. Conclusion CD14, FAS, and IL1β may be the signature genes in PANoptosis to drive the progression of SLI and involved in regulating immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- The Eighth School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Kao
- The Eighth School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Huang
- The Eighth School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Yuan
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingli Chen
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfeng He
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Li XJ, Liu T, Wang Y. Allicin ameliorates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. J Nat Med 2024; 78:53-67. [PMID: 37668824 PMCID: PMC10764392 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complication that can be induced by different factors. Allicin is a class of organic sulfur compounds with anticancer and antibacterial effects, and has not been reported in sepsis-induced AKI (S-AKI). S-AKI was induced in c57BL/6 mice by cecal ligation puncture. In response to the treatment of allicin, the survival rate of mice with S-AKI was increased. Reduced levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, UALB, KIM-1 and NGAL indicated an improvement in renal function of S-AKI mice. Allicin inhibited the inflammation and cell apoptosis, which evidenced by decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related proteins. Oxidative stress was evaluated by the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, and suppressed by allicin. In addition, allicin-alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction was characterized by decreased JC-1 green monomer. These effects of allicin were also evidenced in HK2 cells primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and the expression of HO-1 increased after allicin treatment, which was confirmed by ML385 and CDDO-Me. In summary, this study revealed the alleviating effect of allicin on S-AKI and demonstrated the promotive effect of allicin on nuclear translocation of Nrf2 for the first time. It was inferred that allicin inhibited the progression of S-AKI through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. This study makes contributions to the understanding of the roles of allicin in S-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of General Practice, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China.
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Sun F, Xu K, Zhou J, Zhang W, Duan G, Lei M. Allicin protects against LPS-induced cardiomyocyte injury by activating Nrf2-HO-1 and inhibiting NLRP3 pathways. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:410. [PMID: 37596540 PMCID: PMC10439633 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allicin is a bioactive compound with potent antioxidative activity and plays a protective effect in myocardial damage and fibrosis. The role and mechanism of Allicin in septic cardiomyopathy are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of Allicin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. METHODS H9c2 cardiomyocyte cells were pretreated with Allicin (0, 25, 50, and 100 µM) for 2 h, followed by incubation with LPS (10 µg/mL) for 24 h at 37 °C. Cell viability (cell counting kit-8 [CCK-8]), apoptosis (TUNEL staining), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]), and cytokines release (Interleukin beta [IL-β], Interleukin 6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) were determined. The mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway molecules were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot, respectively. RESULTS Allicin had no effect on H9c2 cell viability but attenuated LPS-induced injury, with increased cell viability, reduction in inflammatory cytokines release, apoptosis, reduced MDA, and increased SOD (P < 0.05). Additionally, Allicin increased Nrf2 and cellular HO-1 expressions in LPS-treated H9c2 cells. Moreover, Allicin modulated the NLRP3 inflammasome, increased the cleaved caspase-1 (p10) protein, and attenuated the LPS-induced increase in NLRP3, pro-IL-1β, and IL-1β proteins. Silencing of Nrf2 by siRNA (siNrf2) significantly attenuated Allicin-induced increase in cell viability and HO-1 and decrease in NLRP3 protein in LPS-stimulated H9c2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Allicin protects cardiomyocytes against LPS‑induced injury through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of NLRP3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Sun
- Trauma emergency center, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358, Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Kailiang Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- Trauma emergency center, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358, Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Trauma emergency center, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358, Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Guihe Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Shache County People's Hospital of Xinjiang Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, 844710, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Trauma emergency center, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358, Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200137, China.
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Li YL, Qin SY, Li Q, Song SJ, Xiao W, Yao GD. Jinzhen Oral Liquid alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through modulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154744. [PMID: 36934667 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) has the attribution of excessive inflammation of the lung. Jinzhen oral liquid (JO), a famous Chinese recipe used to treat ALI, has a favorable therapeutic effect on ALI. However, its anti-inflammatory mechanism has not been extensively studied. PURPOSE This study was to elucidate the effects of JO on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and its molecular mechanism. METHODS An ALI model was established by intratracheal instillation of LPS (2 mg/50 μl). The open field experiment was carried out to explore the spontaneous movement and exploratory behavior of ALI mice. Cytokines levels concentrations (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Network pharmacology was used to predict the mechanism of JO against ALI. Immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), Western blot and RT-PCR were used to verify the molecular mechanisms of JO. RESULTS The in vivo results suggested that JO (1, 2, 4 g/kg) dose-dependently improved the exercise performance of mice and reduced the lung W/D weight ratio as well as the production of IL-6 and TNF-α, but increased the release of IL-10 in the ALI group. The network pharmacological analysis demonstrated that the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway might be the fundamental action mechanisms of JO against ALI. Immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that JO decreased the expression levels of TLR4 and MyD88 and reduced their interaction in the lung tissue of ALI mice. Meanwhile, JO decreased nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of NF-κB P65. The results from cellular experiments were in line with those in vivo. The FRET experiment also confirmed that JO disturbed the interaction of TLR4 and MyD88. Subsequently, we also found that the six indicative components of JO have the similar therapeutic effect as JO. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we suggested that JO suppressed the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, thus inhibiting LPS-induced ALI in vitro and in vivo. The clarified mechanism provided an important theoretical basis and a novel treatment strategy for the ALI treatment of JO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Shu-Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China.
| | - Guo-Dong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China.
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Che HY, Zhou CH, Lyu CC, Meng Y, He YT, Wang HQ, Wu HY, Zhang JB, Yuan B. Allicin Alleviated LPS-Induced Mastitis via the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043805. [PMID: 36835218 PMCID: PMC9962488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy farming is the most important economic activity in animal husbandry. Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy cattle and has a significant impact on milk quality and yield. The natural extract allicin, which is the main active ingredient of the sulfur-containing organic compounds in garlic, has anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties; however, the specific mechanism underlying its effect on mastitis in dairy cows needs to be determined. Therefore, in this study, whether allicin can reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the mammary epithelium of dairy cows was investigated. A cellular model of mammary inflammation was established by pretreating bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) with 10 µg/mL LPS, and the cultures were then treated with varying concentrations of allicin (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 µM) added to the culture medium. MAC-T cells were examined using RT-qPCR and Western blotting to determine the effect of allicin. Subsequently, the level of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was measured to further explore the mechanism underlying the effect of allicin on bovine mammary epithelial cell inflammation. Treatment with 2.5 µM allicin considerably decreased the LPS-induced increase in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inhibited activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in cow mammary epithelial cells. Further research revealed that allicin also inhibited the phosphorylation of inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa-B-α (IκB-α) and NF-κB p65. In mice, LPS-induced mastitis was also ameliorated by allicin. Therefore, we hypothesize that allicin alleviated LPS-induced inflammation in the mammary epithelial cells of cows probably by affecting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Allicin will likely become an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Correspondence: (J.-B.Z.); (B.Y.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6551 (J.-B.Z.); +86-431-8783-6536 (B.Y.)
| | - Bao Yuan
- Correspondence: (J.-B.Z.); (B.Y.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6551 (J.-B.Z.); +86-431-8783-6536 (B.Y.)
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Qiu ZE, Chen L, Hou XC, Sheng J, Xu JB, Xu JW, Gao DD, Huang ZX, Lei TL, Huang ZY, Peng L, Yang HL, Lin QH, Zhu YX, Guan WJ, Lun ZR, Zhou WL, Zhang YL. Toxoplasma gondii infection triggers ongoing inflammation mediated by increased intracellular Cl - concentration in airway epithelium. J Infect 2023; 86:47-59. [PMID: 36334726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread parasitic protozoan causing toxoplasmosis including pulmonary toxoplasmosis. As the first line of host defense, airway epithelial cells play critical roles in orchestrating pulmonary innate immunity. However, the mechanism underlying the airway inflammation induced by the T. gondii infection remains largely unclear. This study demonstrated that after infection with T. gondii, the major anion channel located in the apical membranes of airway epithelial cells, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), was degraded by the parasite-secreted cysteine proteases. The intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) was consequently elevated, leading to activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling via serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1. Furthermore, the heightened [Cl-]i and activated NF-κB signaling could be sustained in a positive feedback regulatory manner resulting from decreased intracellular cAMP level through NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of phosphodiesterase 4. Conversely, the sulfur-containing compound allicin conferred anti-inflammatory effects on pulmonary toxoplasmosis by decreasing [Cl-]i via activation of CFTR. These results suggest that the intracellular Cl- dynamically modulated by T. gondii mediates sustained airway inflammation, which provides a potential therapeutic target against pulmonary toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Er Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chun Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jie Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wen Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Xin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Lun Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Lei Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Long Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Hua Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Xin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Jie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
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Vitale RM, Iannotti FA, Florio T. Editorial: "Small molecules targeting transmembrane receptors and ion channels in drug discovery". Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1183713. [PMID: 37200869 PMCID: PMC10185887 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1183713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Vitale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-National Research Council (ICB-CNR) of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rosa Maria Vitale,
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-National Research Council (ICB-CNR) of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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10
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Mahomoodally MF, Aumeeruddy MZ, Legoabe LJ, Dall’Acqua S, Zengin G. Plants' bioactive secondary metabolites in the management of sepsis: Recent findings on their mechanism of action. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1046523. [PMID: 36588685 PMCID: PMC9800845 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1046523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe inflammatory response to systemic infection and is a threatening cause of death in intensive care units. In recent years, a number of studies have been conducted on the protective effect of natural products against sepsis-induced organ injury. However, a comprehensive review of these studies indicating the mechanisms of action of the bioactive compounds is still lacking. In this context, this review aimed to provide an updated analysis of the mechanism of action of plants' secondary metabolites in the management of sepsis. Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed were searched from inception to July 2022. A variety of secondary metabolites were found to be effective in sepsis management including allicin, aloin, cepharanthine, chrysin, curcumin, cyanidin, gallic acid, gingerol, ginsenoside, glycyrrhizin, hesperidin, kaempferol, narciclasine, naringenin, naringin, piperine, quercetin, resveratrol, rosmarinic acid, shogaol, silymarin, sulforaphane, thymoquinone, umbelliferone, and zingerone. The protective effects exerted by these compounds can be ascribed to their antioxidant properties as well as induction of endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, and also via the downregulation of inflammatory response and reduction of biochemical and inflammatory markers of sepsis. These findings suggest that these secondary metabolites could be of potential therapeutic value in the management of sepsis, but human studies must be performed to provide strength to their potential clinical relevance in sepsis-related morbidity and mortality reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam,*Correspondence: Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally, ; Stefano Dall’Acqua,
| | | | - Lesetja Jan Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,*Correspondence: Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally, ; Stefano Dall’Acqua,
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
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11
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Black Garlic and Thiosulfinate-Enriched Extracts as Adjuvants to Ceftriaxone Treatment in a Rat Peritonitis Model of Sepsis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123095. [PMID: 36551850 PMCID: PMC9775994 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there have been no new drugs or adjuvants able to decrease both morbidity and mortality in the context of sepsis and septic shock. Our objective was to evaluate the use of thiosulfinate-enriched Allium sativum and black garlic extracts as adjuvants in the management of sepsis. An experimental in vivo study was carried out with male Sprague-Dawley® rats. Animals were randomized in four treatment groups: antibiotic (ceftriaxone) treatment (group I), ceftriaxone plus thiosulfinate-enriched extract (TASE, group II), ceftriaxone plus thiosulfinate-enriched extract and black garlic extracts (TASE + BGE, group III), and ceftriaxone plus black garlic extract (BGE, group IV). All animals were housed and inoculated with 1 × 1010 CFU/15 mL of intraperitoneal Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Subsequently, they received a daily treatment according to each group for 7 days. Clinical, analytical, microbiological, and histopathological parameters were evaluated. Statistically significant clinical improvement was observed in rats receiving garlic extracts in weight (groups II and III), ocular secretions, and piloerection (group IV). Moreover, less liver edema, vacuolization, and inflammation were observed in groups receiving adjuvant support (groups II, III, and IV). When comparing interleukins 24 h after bacteria inoculum, we found statistically significant differences in TNF-alpha levels in groups receiving BGE (groups III and IV, p ≤ 0.05). Blood and peritoneal liquid cultures were also analyzed, and we detected a certain level of Enterococcus faecalis in peritoneal cultures from all treatment groups and less bacteria presence in blood cultures in rats receiving garlic extracts (groups II, III, and IV). In conclusion, TASE and BGE could be promising nutraceutical or medicinal agents as coadjuvants in the treatment of sepsis because of its effects in modulating the inflammatory response.
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12
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Coutinho-Wolino KS, Almeida PP, Mafra D, Stockler-Pinto MB. Bioactive compounds modulating Toll-like 4 receptor (TLR4)-mediated inflammation: pathways involved and future perspectives. Nutr Res 2022; 107:96-116. [PMID: 36209684 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with the development and progression of several noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Evidence suggests that pattern recognition receptors that identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns and danger-associated molecular patterns are crucial in chronic inflammation. Among the pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulates several inflammatory pathway agonists, such as nuclear factor-κB, interferon regulator factor 3, and nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 pathways, which consequently trigger the expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, increasing the risk of noncommunicable disease development and progression. Studies have focused on the antagonistic potential of bioactive compounds, following the concept of food as a medicine, in which nutritional strategies may mitigate inflammation via TLR4 modulation. Thus, this review discusses preclinical evidence concerning bioactive compounds from fruit, vegetable, spice, and herb extracts (curcumin, resveratrol, catechin, cinnamaldehyde, emodin, ginsenosides, quercetin, allicin, and caffeine) that may regulate the TLR4 pathway and reduce the inflammatory response. Bioactive compounds can inhibit TLR4-mediated inflammation through gut microbiota modulation, improvement of intestinal permeability, inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 binding, and decreasing TLR4 expression by modulation of microRNAs and antioxidant pathways. The responses directly mitigated inflammation, especially nuclear factor-κB activation and inflammatory cytokines release. These findings should be considered for further clinical studies on inflammation-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Coutinho-Wolino
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Patricia P Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Milena B Stockler-Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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13
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Joshi MB, Kamath A, Nair AS, Yedehali Thimmappa P, Sriranjini SJ, Gangadharan GG, Satyamoorthy K. Modulation of neutrophil (dys)function by Ayurvedic herbs and its potential influence on SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100424. [PMID: 33746457 PMCID: PMC7962552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, traditional medicines of Ayurveda have been in use to manage infectious and non-infectious diseases. The key embodiment of traditional medicines is the holistic system of approach in the management of human diseases. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection is an ongoing pandemic, which has emerged as the major health threat worldwide and is causing significant stress, morbidity and mortality. Studies from the individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection have shown significant immune dysregulation and cytokine overproduction. Neutrophilia and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio has been correlated to poor outcome due to the disease. Neutrophils, component of innate immune system, upon stimulation expel DNA along with histones and granular proteins to form extracellular traps (NETs). Although, these DNA lattices possess beneficial activity in trapping and eliminating pathogens, NETs may also cause adverse effects by inducing immunothrombosis and tissue damage in diseases including Type 2 Diabetes and atherosclerosis. Tissues of SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects showed microthrombi with neutrophil-platelet infiltration and serum showed elevated NETs components, suggesting large involvement and uncontrolled activation of neutrophils leading to pathogenesis and associated organ damage. Hence, traditional Ayurvedic herbs exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may act in a manner that might prove beneficial in targeting over-functioning of neutrophils and there by promoting normal immune homeostasis. In the present manuscript, we have reviewed and discussed pathological importance of NETs formation in SARS-CoV-2 infections and discuss how various Ayurvedic herbs can be explored to modulate neutrophil function and inhibit NETs formation in the context of a) anti-microbial activity to enhance neutrophil function, b) immunomodulatory effects to maintain neutrophil mediated immune homeostasis and c) to inhibit NETs mediated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Archana Kamath
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Aswathy S Nair
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | | | - Sitaram J Sriranjini
- Ramaiah Indic Speciality Ayurveda-Restoration Hospital, MSR Nagar, Mathikere, Bengaluru, 560 054, India
| | - G G Gangadharan
- Ramaiah Indic Speciality Ayurveda-Restoration Hospital, MSR Nagar, Mathikere, Bengaluru, 560 054, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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14
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Nadeem MS, Kazmi I, Ullah I, Muhammad K, Anwar F. Allicin, an Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Agent, Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:87. [PMID: 35052591 PMCID: PMC8772758 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Allicin (diallylthiosulfinate) is a defense molecule produced by cellular contents of garlic (Allium sativum L.). On tissue damage, the non-proteinogenic amino acid alliin (S-allylcysteine sulfoxide) is converted to allicin in an enzyme-mediated process catalysed by alliinase. Allicin is hydrophobic in nature, can efficiently cross the cellular membranes and behaves as a reactive sulfur species (RSS) inside the cells. It is physiologically active molecule with the ability to oxidise the thiol groups of glutathione and between cysteine residues in proteins. Allicin has shown anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and also serves as an efficient therapeutic agent against cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the present review describes allicin as an antioxidant, and neuroprotective molecule that can ameliorate the cognitive abilities in case of neurodegenerative and neuropsychological disorders. As an antioxidant, allicin fights the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by downregulation of NOX (NADPH oxidizing) enzymes, it can directly interact to reduce the cellular levels of different types of ROS produced by a variety of peroxidases. Most of the neuroprotective actions of allicin are mediated via redox-dependent pathways. Allicin inhibits neuroinflammation by suppressing the ROS production, inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, P38 and JNK pathways. As an inhibitor of cholinesterase and (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) it can be applied to manage the Alzheimer's disease, helps to maintain the balance of neurotransmitters in case of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactive syndrome (ADHD). In case of acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) allicin protects neuron damage by regulating inflammation, apoptosis and promoting the expression levels of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). Metal induced neurodegeneration can also be attenuated and cognitive abilities of patients suffering from neurological diseases can be ameliorates by allicin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Inam Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (I.U.); (K.M.)
| | - Khushi Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (I.U.); (K.M.)
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
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15
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Wu Q, Yin CH, Li Y, Cai JQ, Yang HY, Huang YY, Zheng YX, Xiong K, Yu HL, Lu AP, Wang KX, Guan DG, Chen YP. Detecting Critical Functional Ingredients Group and Mechanism of Xuebijing Injection in Treating Sepsis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:769190. [PMID: 34938184 PMCID: PMC8687625 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.769190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory reaction caused by various infectious or noninfectious factors, which can lead to shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and death. It is one of the common complications and a main cause of death in critically ill patients. At present, the treatments of sepsis are mainly focused on the controlling of inflammatory response and reduction of various organ function damage, including anti-infection, hormones, mechanical ventilation, nutritional support, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Among them, Xuebijing injection (XBJI) is an important derivative of TCM, which is widely used in clinical research. However, the molecular mechanism of XBJI on sepsis is still not clear. The mechanism of treatment of "bacteria, poison and inflammation" and the effects of multi-ingredient, multi-target, and multi-pathway have still not been clarified. For solving this issue, we designed a new systems pharmacology strategy which combines target genes of XBJI and the pathogenetic genes of sepsis to construct functional response space (FRS). The key response proteins in the FRS were determined by using a novel node importance calculation method and were condensed by a dynamic programming strategy to conduct the critical functional ingredients group (CFIG). The results showed that enriched pathways of key response proteins selected from FRS could cover 95.83% of the enriched pathways of reference targets, which were defined as the intersections of ingredient targets and pathogenetic genes. The targets of the optimized CFIG with 60 ingredients could be enriched into 182 pathways which covered 81.58% of 152 pathways of 1,606 pathogenetic genes. The prediction of CFIG targets showed that the CFIG of XBJI could affect sepsis synergistically through genes such as TAK1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MEK1 in the pathways of MAPK, NF-κB, PI3K-AKT, Toll-like receptor, and tumor necrosis factor signaling. Finally, the effects of apigenin, baicalein, and luteolin were evaluated by in vitro experiments and were proved to be effective in reducing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, significantly. These results indicate that the novel integrative model can promote reliability and accuracy on depicting the CFIGs in XBJI and figure out a methodological coordinate for simplicity, mechanism analysis, and secondary development of formulas in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi- Wu
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Hui Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Qi Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-Yun Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xu Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Lang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dao-Gang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Peng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Chen SN, Tan Y, Xiao XC, Li Q, Wu Q, Peng YY, Ren J, Dong ML. Deletion of TLR4 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1610-1619. [PMID: 33495514 PMCID: PMC8463538 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic acute liver injury is one of the leading causes of fatalities in patients with sepsis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a vital role in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, but the mechanisms underlying TLR4 function in septic injury remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of TLR4 in LPS-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice with a focus on inflammation and apoptosis. Wild-type (WT) and TLR4-knockout (TLR4-/-) mice were challenged with LPS (4 mg/kg) for 6 h. TLR4 signaling cascade markers (TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB), inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6), and apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3) were evaluated. We showed that LPS challenge markedly increased the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and other liver pathological changes in WT mice. In addition, LPS challenge elevated the levels of liver carbonyl proteins and serum inflammatory cytokines, upregulated the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and phosphorylated NF-κB in liver tissues. Moreover, LPS challenge significantly increased hepatocyte apoptosis, caspase 3 activity, and Bax level while suppressing Bcl-2 expression in liver tissues. These pathological changes were greatly attenuated in TLR4-/- mice. Similar pathological responses were provoked in primary hepatic Kupffer cells isolated from WT and TLR4-/- mice following LPS (1 μg/mL, 6 h) challenge. In summary, these results demonstrate that silencing of TLR4 attenuates LPS-induced liver injury through inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. TLR4 deletion confers hepatoprotection against ALI induced by LPS, possibly by repressing macrophage inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Nan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Chan Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - You-You Peng
- Shanghai Hongrun Boyuan School, Shanghai, 201713, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Mao-Long Dong
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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17
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Chen G, Hou Y, Li X, Pan R, Zhao D. Sepsis-induced acute lung injury in young rats is relieved by calycosin through inactivating the HMGB1/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107623. [PMID: 33857805 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sepsis is the primary cause for children's death worldwide. Calycosin (CAL) is an astragalus extract with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor functions. This study aims to probe the role of CAL in alleviating sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). PATIENTS AND METHODS Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was carried out in young rats to induce sepsis model, which were then treated with CAL. The histopathological changes of the lung were observed, and the dry/wet (W/D) weight ratio of the lung was calculated to analyze pulmonary edema. Apoptosis was determined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and the contents of PaO2, PaCO2 and PaO2/FiO2 in the aortic blood of the rats were monitored by blood-gas analysis. In addition, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied to treat Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC-II) to establish an in-vitro sepsis model. Cell viability was detected by the (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl2 and Caspase3, as well as the HMGB1/MyD88/NF-κB axis and NLRP3 inflammasome were measured by Western Blot. The profiles of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1) and oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, and CAT) in rat serum and AEC-II cells were also detected. RESULTS CLP induced remarkable lung injury in the young rats. The administration of CAL significantly mitigated pathological injuries of rat lung, reduced lung edema and the apoptosis (labeled by TUNEL). In vitro, CAL treatment improved the damage of LPS-treated AEC-II cells. In addition, CAL dampened inflammation and oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo, repressed the HMGB1/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP inflammasome activation induced by CLP or LPS. Interestingly, inhibiting HMGB1 (by ethyl pyruvate, EP) enhanced CAL-mediated protective effects against LPS in AEC-II cells. CONCLUSION CAL alleviates sepsis-induced ALI in young rats by inhibiting the HMGB1/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Digital Health and Data Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Dongchi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Digital Health and Data Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
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18
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Li S, Jiang B, Yu H, Song D. Regulation of PINX1 expression ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury and alleviates cell senescence during the convalescent phase through affecting the telomerase activity. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10175-10186. [PMID: 33819185 PMCID: PMC8064186 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PIN2/TERF1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 (PINX1) is necessary for telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) elements to bind at telomeres and non-telomere sites. We aimed to investigate the role of PINX1 and TERT in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury during acute stage and convalescent phase. Lung injury rat model was induced, and the expression of PINX1 and TERT in serum and lung tissues was examined using RT-qPCR on day 0 (D0), D3, and D14, respectively. The pathologic changes of lung tissues on D3 and D14 were detected using hematoxylin and eosin staining after TERT overexpression, PINX1 overexpression, or PINX1 silencing in lung injury rats. Results revealed that TERT was persistently reduced on D3 and D14, while PINX1 was decreased on D3 but increased on D14. TERT overexpression and PINX1 silencing led to the most serious lung damage, the highest levels of inflammatory factors and apoptosis on D3, while the best recovery was observed on D14. Simultaneously, PINX1 overexpression presented the opposite effects at acute stage and convalescent phase. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay verified the connection between PINX1 and TERT. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that regulation of PINX1 expression ameliorates lung injury and alleviates cell senescence during the convalescent phase through affecting the telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Hiser Hospital), Qingdao 266033, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Intensive Care Unit, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Hiser Hospital), Qingdao 266033, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Intensive Care Unit, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Hiser Hospital), Qingdao 266033, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongqing Song
- Intensive Care Unit, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Hiser Hospital), Qingdao 266033, Shandong Province, China
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19
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Alikiaii B, Bagherniya M, Askari G, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. The role of phytochemicals in sepsis: A mechanistic and therapeutic perspective. Biofactors 2021; 47:19-40. [PMID: 33217777 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are still a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in intensive care units worldwide. Sepsis is an uncontrolled and excessive response of the innate immune system toward the invading infectious microbes, characterized by the hyper-production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). In severe sepsis, the overwhelming production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species may compromise organ function and lead to the induction of abnormal apoptosis in different organs, resulting in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. Hence, compounds that are able to attenuate inflammatory responses may have therapeutic potential for sepsis treatment. Understanding the pathophysiology and underlying molecular mechanisms of sepsis may provide useful insights in the discovery and development of new effective therapeutics. Therefore, numerous studies have invested much effort into elucidating the mechanisms involved with the onset and development of sepsis. The present review mainly focuses on the molecules and signaling pathways involved in the pathogenicity of sepsis. Additionally, several well-known natural bioactive herbal compounds and phytochemicals, which have shown protective and therapeutic effects with regard to sepsis, as well as their mechanisms of action, are presented. This review suggests that these phytochemicals are able to attenuate the overwhelming inflammatory responses developed during sepsis by modulating different signaling pathways. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities of phytochemicals make them potent compounds to be included as complementary therapeutic agents in the diets of patients suffering from sepsis in an effort to alleviate sepsis and its life-threatening complications, such as multi-organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Alikiaii
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
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20
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Hu Q, Wang Q, Han C, Yang Y. Sufentanil attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in sepsis-induced acute lung injury by downregulating KNG1 expression. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4298-4306. [PMID: 33000200 PMCID: PMC7533471 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of sufentanil on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI), and identify the potential molecular mechanisms underlying its effect. In order to achieve this, a rat sepsis model was established. Following treatment with sufentanil, the lung wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio was calculated. Histopathological analysis was performed via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Levels of inflammatory factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined via ELISA. Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in tissue homogenates were assessed using commercial kits. Western blot analysis was performed to determine kininogen-1 (KNG1) protein expression. In addition, alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC II) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic ALI. The levels of inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated following overexpression of KNG1. Protein expression levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling were determined via western blot analysis. The results of the present study demonstrated that sufentanil alleviated histopathological injury and the W/D ratio in lung tissue. Following treatment with sufentanil, levels of inflammatory factors also decreased, accompanied by decreased concentrations of MDA, and increased activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px. Notably, KNG1 was decreased in lung tissues following treatment with sufentanil. Furthermore, overexpression of KNG1 attenuated the inhibitory effects of sufentanil on LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in AEC II. Sufentanil markedly downregulated NF-κB expression, while upregulating Nrf2 and HO-1 expression levels, which was reversed following overexpression of KNG1. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that sufentanil may alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress in sepsis-induced ALI by downregulating KNG1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Hu
- Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Women and Children Health Care Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, P.R. China
| | - Chuangang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, P.R. China
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Wu T, Liang X, He K, Wei T, Wang Y, Zou L, Bai C, Liu N, Zhang T, Xue Y, Tang M. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the neuroinflammatory responses to Ag 2Se quantum dots in microglia. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20820-20836. [PMID: 31657406 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06778g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silver selenide quantum dots (Ag2Se QDs) provide bright prospects for the application of QDs in the field of biomedicine because they contain low-toxic compounds and show great advantages in the imaging of deep tissues and tiny vascular structures. However, the biosafety of these novel QDs has not been thoroughly evaluated, especially in one main target for toxicity-the central nervous system (CNS). Our previous studies have suggested severe inflammatory responses to cadmium-containing QDs in the hippocampus, which gives us a hint regarding the risk assessment of Ag2Se QDs. In this study, microglial activation followed by enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed in the hippocampus of mice intravenously injected with Ag2Se QDs. When using the microglial BV2 cells to investigate the underlying mechanisms, we found that the NLRP3 inflammasome activation was involved in the IL-1β-mediated inflammation induced by Ag2Se QDs. On the one hand, Ag2Se QD-activated NF-κB participated in the NLRP3 inflammasome priming and assembly as well as the pro-IL-1β upregulation. On the other hand, Ag2Se QD-induced ROS generation, particularly mtROS, triggered the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and resulted in active caspase-1 to process pro-IL-1β into mature IL-1β release. These findings not only indicated that it is important to evaluate the biosafety of novel QDs, even those containing low-toxic compounds, but also provided an unbiased and mechanism-based risk assessment of similar nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China.
| | - Xue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China.
| | - Keyu He
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China.
| | - Tingting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China.
| | - Lingyue Zou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China.
| | - Changcun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China.
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China.
| | - Yuying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China.
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China.
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