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Lai PF, Mahendran R, Tsai BCK, Lu CY, Kuo CH, Lin KH, Lu SY, Wu YL, Chang YM, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Calycosin Enhances Heat Shock Related-Proteins in H9c2 Cells to Modulate Survival and Apoptosis against Heat Shock. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:1173-1193. [PMID: 38938156 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs), which function as chaperones, are activated in response to various environmental stressors. In addition to their role in diverse aspects of protein production, HSPs protect against harmful protein-related stressors. Calycosin exhibits numerous beneficial properties. This study aims to explore the protective effects of calycosin in the heart under heat shock and determine its underlying mechanism. H9c2 cells, western blot, TUNEL staining, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining were used. The time-dependent effects of heat shock analyzed using western blot revealed increased HSP expression for up to 2[Formula: see text]h, followed by protein degradation after 4[Formula: see text]h. Hence, a heat shock damage duration of 4[Formula: see text]h was chosen for subsequent investigations. Calycosin administered post-heat shock demonstrated dose-dependent recovery of cell viability. Under heat shock conditions, calycosin prevented the apoptosis of H9c2 cells by upregulating HSPs, suppressing p-JNK, enhancing Bcl-2 activation, and inhibiting cleaved caspase 3. Calycosin also inhibited Fas/FasL expression and activated cell survival markers (p-PI3K, p-ERK, p-Akt), indicating their cytoprotective properties through PI3K/Akt activation and JNK inhibition. TUNEL staining and flow cytometry confirmed that calycosin reduced apoptosis. Moreover, calycosin reversed the inhibitory effects of quercetin on HSF1 and Hsp70 expression, illustrating its role in enhancing Hsp70 expression through HSF1 activation during heat shock. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated HSF1 translocation to the nucleus following calycosin treatment, emphasizing its cytoprotective effects. In conclusion, calycosin exhibits pronounced protective effects against heat shock-induced damages by modulating HSP expression and regulating key signaling pathways to promote cell survival in H9c2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Lai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Ramasamy Mahendran
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Bruce Chi-Kang Tsai
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-You Lu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
| | - Kuan-Ho Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yeh Lu
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal, Medicine China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Wu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Chang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, 840, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Department, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
- 1PT Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Tian C, Liu Q, Zhang X, Li Z. Blocking group 2 innate lymphoid cell activation and macrophage M2 polarization: potential therapeutic mechanisms in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma by calycosin. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 25:30. [PMID: 38650035 PMCID: PMC11036756 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calycosin, a flavonoid compound extracted from Astragalus membranaceus, has shown anti-asthma benefits in house dust mite-induced asthma. Recent studies have suggested that innate-type cells, including group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and macrophages, serve as incentives for type 2 immunity and targets for drug development in asthma. This work focuses on the effects of calycosin on the dysregulated ILC2s and macrophages in allergic asthma. METHODS In vivo, the asthmatic mouse model was established with ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge, and calycosin was intraperitoneally administered at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg. In vivo, mouse primary ILC2s were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-33 and mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated with IL-4 and IL-13 to establish the cell models. Cells were treated with calycosin at doses of 5 and 10 µM. RESULTS In vivo, we observed significantly reduced numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils, monocyte macrophages and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of OVA-exposed mice with 40 mg/kg calycosin. Histopathological assessment showed that calycosin inhibited the airway inflammation and remodeling caused by OVA. Calycosin markedly decreased the up-regulated IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-33, and suppression tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) induced by OVA in BALF and/or lung tissues of asthmatic mice. Calycosin repressed the augment of arginase 1 (ARG1), IL-10, chitinase-like 3 (YM1) and mannose receptor C-type 1 (MRC1) levels in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice. In vivo, calycosin inhibited the IL-33-induced activation as well as the increase of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and ST2 in ILC2s. Calycosin also repressed the increase of ARG1, IL-10, YM1 and MRC1 induced by IL-4 and IL-13 in RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, we found that these changes were more significant in 40 mg/kg calycosin treatment than 20 mg/kg calycosin. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study showed that calycosin might attenuate OVA-induced airway inflammation and remodeling in asthmatic mice via preventing ILC2 activation and macrophage M2 polarization. Our study might contribute to further study of asthmatic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Graduate, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
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Jiang H, Wang Y, Tang Z, Peng X, Li C, Dang Y, Ma R. Calycosin alleviates titanium particle-induced osteolysis by modulating macrophage polarization and subsequent osteogenic differentiation. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18157. [PMID: 38494857 PMCID: PMC10945085 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) caused by wear particles is one of the leading causes of implant failure after arthroplasty. Macrophage polarization imbalance and subsequent osteogenic inhibition play a crucial role in PPO. Calycosin (CA) is a compound with anti-inflammatory and osteoprotective properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CA on titanium (Ti) particle-induced osteolysis, Ti particle-induced macrophage polarization and subsequent osteogenic deficits, and explore the associated signalling pathways in a Ti particle-stimulated calvarial osteolysis mouse model using micro-CT, ELISA, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blot techniques. The results showed that CA alleviated inflammation, osteogenic inhibition and osteolysis in the Ti particle-induced calvarial osteolysis mouse model in vivo. In vitro experiments showed that CA suppressed Ti-induced M1 macrophage polarization, promoted M2 macrophage polarization and ultimately enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, CA alleviated osteogenic deficits by regulating macrophage polarization homeostasis via the NF-κB signalling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. All these findings suggest that CA may prove to be an effective therapeutic agent for wear particle-induced osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Affiliated Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Affiliated Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhao Tang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Affiliated Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xianjiang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children's HospitalAffiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children's HospitalAffiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yangjie Dang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children's HospitalAffiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children's HospitalAffiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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Sun S, Peng K, Yang B, Yang M, Jia X, Wang N, Zhang Q, Kong D, Du Y. The therapeutic effect of wine-processed Corni Fructus on chronic renal failure in rats through the interference with the LPS/IL-1-mediated inhibition of RXR function. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117511. [PMID: 38036016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Corni Fructus, derived from the fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc, is a widely utilized traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with established efficacy in the treatment of diverse chronic kidney diseases. Crude Corni Fructus (CCF) and wine-processed Corni Fructus (WCF) are the main processed forms of Corni Fructus. Generally, TCM is often used after processing (paozhi). Despite the extensive use of processed TCM, the underlying mechanisms of processing for most TCMs have been unclear so far. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, an integrated strategy combined renal metabolomics with proteomics was established and investigated the potential processing mechanisms of CCF or WCF on chronic renal failure (CRF) models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the differences in biochemical parameters and pathological histology were compared to evaluate the effects of CCF and WCF on CRF model rats. Then, the tissue differential metabolites and proteins between CCF and WCF on CRF model rats were screened based on metabolomics and proteomics technology. Concurrently, a combined approach of metabolomics and proteomics was employed to investigate the underlying mechanisms associated with these marker metabolic products and proteins. RESULTS Compared to the MG group, there were 27 distinct metabolites and 143 different proteins observed in the CCF-treatment group, while the WCF-treatment group exhibited 24 distinct metabolites and 379 different proteins. Further, the integration interactions analysis of the protein and lipid metabolite revealed that both WCF and CCF improved tryptophan degradation and LPS/IL-1-mediated inhibition of RXR function. WCF inhibited RXR function more than CCF via the modulation of LPS/IL-1 in the CRF model. Experimental results were validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Notably, the gene expression amount and protein levels of FMO3 and CYP2E1 among 8 genes influenced by WCF were higher compared to CCF. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further study of Corni Fructus with different processing techniques in CRF. The findings also offer guidance for investigating the mechanism of action of herbal medicines in diseases employing diverse processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China; Baoding Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Hebei, 071000, PR China
| | - Kenan Peng
- Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, PR China
| | - Bingkun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China
| | - Mengxin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China
| | - Xinming Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China
| | - Dezhi Kong
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China.
| | - Yingfeng Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, PR China.
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Shi Y, Shi X, Zhao M, Ma S, Zhang Y. Pharmacological potential of Astragali Radix for the treatment of kidney diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155196. [PMID: 37952410 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, the incidence of kidney diseases is also increasing, resulting in a serious public burden. Conventional treatments for kidney diseases have unsatisfactory effects and are associated with adverse reactions. Traditional Chinese medicines have good curative effects and advantages over conventional treatments for preventing and treating kidney diseases. Astragali Radix is a Chinese herbal medicine widely used to treat kidney diseases. PURPOSE To review the potential applications and molecular mechanisms underlying the renal protective effects of Astragali Radix and its components and to provide direction and reference for new therapeutic strategies and future research and development of Astragali Radix. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched using keywords, including "Astragali Radix," "Astragalus," "Astragaloside IV" (AS-IV), "Astragali Radix polysaccharide" (APS), and "kidney diseases." Reports on the effects of Astragali Radix and its components on kidney diseases were identified and reviewed. RESULTS The main components of Astragali Radix with kidney-protective properties include AS-IV, APS, calycosin, formononetin, and hederagenin. Astragali Radix and its active components have potential pharmacological effects for the treatment of kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive renal damage, chronic glomerulonephritis, and kidney stones. The pharmacological effects of Astragali Radix are manifested through the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, as well as the regulation of autophagy. CONCLUSION Astragali Radix is a promising drug candidate for treating kidney diseases. However, current research is limited to animal and cell studies, underscoring the need for further verifications using high-quality clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiujie Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
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Muhammed TM, Jalil AT, Taher WM, Aminov Z, Alsaikhan F, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Ramaiah P, Farhood B. The Effects of Apigenin in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Systematic Review of Non-clinical Studies. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:341-354. [PMID: 38282447 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230811092423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes is one of the important and growing diseases in the world. Among the most common diabetic complications are renal adverse effects. The use of apigenin may prevent the development and progression of diabetes-related injuries. The current study aims to review the effects of apigenin in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS In this review, a systematic search was performed based on PRISMA guidelines for obtaining all relevant studies on "the effects of apigenin against diabetic nephropathy" in various electronic databases up to September 2022. Ninety-one articles were obtained and screened in accordance with the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seven eligible articles were finally included in this review. RESULTS The experimental findings revealed that hyperglycemia led to the decreased cell viability of kidney cells and body weight loss and an increased kidney weight of rats; however, apigenin administration had a reverse effect on these evaluated parameters. It was also found that hyperglycemia could induce alterations in the biochemical and renal function-related parameters as well as histopathological injuries in kidney cells or tissue; in contrast, the apigenin administration could ameliorate the hyperglycemia-induced renal adverse effects. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the use of apigenin could mitigate diabetes-induced renal adverse effects, mainly through its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Since the findings of this study are based on experimental studies, suggesting the use of apigenin (as a nephroprotective agent) against diabetic nephropathy requires further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thikra Majid Muhammed
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Sciences, University of Fallujah, Al-anbar, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | - Waam Mohammed Taher
- National University of Science and Technology, Thi Qar University, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Zafar Aminov
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare management, Samarkand State Medical University, 18 Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, 103 Makhtumkuli Str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Medellín, Antioquia, 4440555, Colombia
- Educational Statistics Research Group (GIEE), National University of Education, Cvenca, Ecuador
| | | | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Yao J, Cheng M, Yang F. Calycosin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice through the miR-375-3p/ROCK2 Axis. J INVEST SURG 2023; 36:2211166. [PMID: 37400250 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2023.2211166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Septic patients are especially vulnerable to acute lung injury (ALI). Calycosin (CAL) has various promising pharmacological activities. This paper aims to expound on the role of CAL in mice with sepsis-induced ALI and the associated mechanisms.Methods: Mouse models of sepsis-induced ALI were established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pulmonary histopathological changes were observed by HE staining. Cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining. Pulmonary edema was evaluated by measuring wet/dry weight. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to count inflammatory cells. In vitro LPS models were established using MLE-12 cells. miR-375-3p expression was determined by RT-qPCR. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA. The target relationship between miR-375-3p and ROCK2 was analyzed by the dual-luciferase assay. ROCK2 protein level was determined by Western blot.Results: miR-375-3p was weakly-expressed in mice with sepsis-induced ALI, and CAL treatment elevated miR-375-3p expression. CAL treatment mitigated pulmonary tissue damage and edema, decreased apoptosis and inflammatory cells, downregulated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and upregulated levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in mice with sepsis-induced ALI. CAL treatment increased MLE-12 cell viability and decreased apoptosis and inflammation in MLE-12 cells. Inhibition of miR-375-3p partially abrogated CAL-mediated protective action on MLE-12 cells. miR-375-3p attenuated LPS-induced MLE-12 cell injury by targeting ROCK2.Conclusion: CAL upregulates miR-375-3p to target ROCK2, thus protecting against sepsis-induced ALI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The People's Hospital of Fujian Traditional Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mingfeng Cheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The People's Hospital of Fujian Traditional Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The People's Hospital of Fujian Traditional Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Xu C, Chen Y, Liu Z, Fu X. Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide attenuates renal inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis in diabetic mice by inhibiting the HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:493. [PMID: 37771649 PMCID: PMC10523352 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of kidney failure. Previous studies demonstrated the therapeutic potential of Astragalus polysaccharide in treating diabetic nephropathy. Astragalus and Hongqi both come from the leguminous plant Astragalus, but their species and genera are different, belonging to the same family and different genera of traditional Chinese medicinal plants. However, the effects of Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide (HPS), a polysaccharide compound from Hongqi, on DKD, including its components and efficacy, have remained elusive. The present study utilized db/db mice as a DKD animal model administered with low (30 mg/kg) and high doses (60 mg/kg) of HPS, in addition to glyburide (7.2 mg/kg). Blood and urine samples were collected from mice and blood glucose, serum creatinine, urinary albumin excretion and urinary β2-microglobulin were measured. In addition, apoptosis and histological changes in kidney tissue were observed using TUNEL and HE staining, respectively, and the secretion and expression of inflammatory factors in kidney tissue were detected using EILSA and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Furthermore, we the expression of fibrosis-related proteins and NF-κB signaling pathway proteins was determined using western blot analysis. HPS was found to reduce the blood glucose concentration, serum creatinine levels, urinary albumin excretion rates and urinary β2-microglobulin in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, HPS treatment mitigated apoptosis and pathological damage in the kidney tissues of DKD mice. The expression levels of fibrosis-related proteins fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin and TGF-β1 were observed to be decreased in kidney tissues of DKD mice following HPS treatment. The secretion levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) were also reduced in kidney tissues, with high-dose HPS treatment found to be more effective, similar to the effects mediated by the glyburide. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that the therapeutic effects of HPS on DKD mice may be mediated by inhibiting the high mobility group box 1/receptor for advanced glycation end-products/toll-like receptor 4 pathway. In conclusion, the present findings could provide insight for the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Xu
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yanxu Chen
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zongmei Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Chamber, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, P.R. China
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Su M, Tang T, Tang W, Long Y, Wang L, Liu M. Astragalus improves intestinal barrier function and immunity by acting on intestinal microbiota to treat T2DM: a research review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243834. [PMID: 37638043 PMCID: PMC10450032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a significant chronic endocrine/metabolism disorder that can result in a number of life-threatening consequences. According to research, the gut microbiota is strongly linked to the development of diabetes, making it a viable target for diabetes treatment. The intestinal microbiota affects intestinal barrier function, organism immunity, and thus glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. According to research, a disruption in the intestinal microbiota causes a decrease in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), alters the metabolism of bile acids (BAs), branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and endotoxin secretion, resulting in insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Astragali Radix is a medicinal herb of the same genus as food that has been extensively researched for treating diabetes mellitus with promising results in recent years. Polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, and other components are important. Among them, Astragaloside has a role in protecting the cellular integrity of the pancreas and liver, can leading to alleviation of insulin resistance and reducing blood glucose and triglyceride (TC) levels; The primary impact of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on diabetes is a decrease in insulin resistance, encouragement of islet cell proliferation, and suppression of islet β cell death; Astragali Radix flavonoids are known to enhance immunity, anti-inflammatory, regulate glucose metabolism and control the progression of diabetes. This study summarizes recent studies on Astragali Radix and its group formulations in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus by modulating the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
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10
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Chang L, Zhang A, Liu W, Cao P, Dong L, Gao X. Calycosin inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis in acute liver failure by suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB pathway: An in vitro study. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e935. [PMID: 37506138 PMCID: PMC10336678 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver failure (ALF) is a serious liver disease that is difficult to treat owing to its unclear pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the roles and molecular mechanisms of calycosin (CA) in ALF. METHODS In this study, the roles and mechanism of CA in ALF were explored using an in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALF cell model. Additionally, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to assess the effect of CA on the activity of LPS-induced L02 human liver epithelial cells, and flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis in L02 cells. Expression levels of apoptosis-related genes, Bax and Bcl-2, were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Expression levels of inflammatory factors in LPS-induced L02 cells were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, the effect of CA on ALF was inhibited via transfection of a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-plasmid to elucidate the relationship between CA and TLR4/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in ALF. RESULTS CA had no toxic effects on L02 cells, but enhanced the activity of LPS-induced L02 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis and inflammatory factor release was increased in ALF, activating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. However, CA treatment inhibited the apoptosis and release of inflammatory factors. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the upregulation of TLR4 expression reversed the alleviating effects of CA on inflammation and apoptosis in LPS-induced L02 cells. CONCLUSION CA alleviates inflammatory damage in LPS-induced L02 cells by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and may be a promising therapeutic agent for ALF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Chang
- Gastroenterology Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Gastroenterology Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ping Cao
- Gastroenterology Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lixian Dong
- Gastroenterology Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoxue Gao
- Gastroenterology Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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11
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Wei M, Liu X, Tan Z, Tian X, Li M, Wei J. Ferroptosis: a new strategy for Chinese herbal medicine treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1188003. [PMID: 37361521 PMCID: PMC10289168 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1188003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes. It has become a leading cause of death in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered pattern of programmed cell death. Its main manifestation is the excessive accumulation of intracellular iron ion-dependent lipid peroxides. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis is an important driving factor in the onset and development of DN. Ferroptosis is closely associated with renal intrinsic cell (including renal tubular epithelial cells, podocytes, and mesangial cells) damage in diabetes. Chinese herbal medicine is widely used in the treatment of DN, with a long history and definite curative effect. Accumulating evidence suggests that Chinese herbal medicine can modulate ferroptosis in renal intrinsic cells and show great potential for improving DN. In this review, we outline the key regulators and pathways of ferroptosis in DN and summarize the herbs, mainly monomers and extracts, that target the inhibition of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoying Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- Department of Emergency, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijuan Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Hospital of Xingtai, Xingtai, Heibei, China
| | - Xiaochan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingdi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Zhou R, Wen W, Gong X, Zhao Y, Zhang W. Nephro-protective effect of Daphnetin in hyperoxaluria-induced rat renal injury via alterations of the gut microbiota. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14377. [PMID: 35994414 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It is well proved that hyperoxaluria induces the renal injury and finally causes the end stage kidney disease. Daphnetin (coumarin derivative) already confirmed renal protective effect in renal model, but hyperoxaluria protective effect still unexplore. The objective of this research was to scrutinize the renal protective effect of daphnetin against ethylene glycol (GC)-induced hyperoxaluria via altering the gut microbiota. GC (1% v/v) was used for the induction of hyperoxaluria in the rats and the rats were received the oral administration of daphnetin (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg). The body and renal weight were assessed. Urine, renal, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant, inflammatory parameters, and gut microbiota were appraised. Daphnetin effectually improved the body weight and reduced the renal weight. Its also remarkably boosted the magnesium, calcium, citrate level and suppressed the level of uric acid and oxalate formation. Daphnetin significantly (p < .001) ameliorate the level of urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urea, serum creatinine (Scr), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and uric acid along with inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Daphnetin considerably repressed the malonaldehyde (MDA) level, protein carbonyl and improved the level of glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT). Daphnetin treatment considerably altered the microbial composition of different bacteria at phylum, genus and family level. Daphnetin significantly suppressed the Firmicutes relative abundance and boosted the Bacteroidetes relative abundance. Our result clearly indicated that daphnetin remarkably ameliorates the GC induced hyperoxaluria in rats via altering the oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction and gut microbiota. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Nephrotoxicity is a serious health disease worldwide. We induce the renal toxicity in the experimental rats using the ethylene glycol and scrutinized the renal protective effect of daphnetin. Daphnetin considerably suppress the renal, urine parameters. For estimation the underlying mechanism, we estimated the gut microbiota in all group rats. Daphnetin remarkably altered the level of gut microbiota and suggesting the renal protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Wenbin Wen
- Department of Nephropathy, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xiaoli Gong
- Department of Nephropathy, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Department of Nephropathy, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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Yosri H, El-Kashef DH, El-Sherbiny M, Said E, Salem HA. Calycosin modulates NLRP3 and TXNIP-mediated pyroptotic signaling and attenuates diabetic nephropathy progression in diabetic rats; An insight. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Zhang N, Guan C, Liu Z, Li C, Yang C, Xu L, Niu M, Zhao L, Zhou B, Che L, Wang Y, Xu Y. Calycosin attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing NF-κB mediated inflammation via PPARγ/EGR1 pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970616. [PMID: 36278223 PMCID: PMC9585199 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a leading and common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), and inflammation is a critical factor in ischemic AKI progression. Calycosin (CAL), a major active component of Radix astragali, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effect in multiple organs. However, whether CAL can alleviate renal IRI and its mechanism remain uncertain. In the present study, a renal IRI model is established by bilateral renal pedicles occlusion for 35 min in male C57BL/6 mice, and the effect of CAL on renal IRI is measured by serum creatinine and pathohistological assay. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) stimulated human renal tubular epithelial cells HK-2 were applied to explore the regulatory mechanisms of CAL. Luciferase reporter assay and molecular docking were applied to identify the CAL's target protein and pathway. In the mice with renal IRI, CAL dose dependently alleviated the renal injury and decreased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) mediated inflammatory response. Bioinformatics analysis and experiments showed that early growth response 1 (EGR1) increased in mice with renal IRI and promoted NF-κB mediated inflammatory processes, and CAL dose-dependably reduced EGR1. Through JASPAR database and luciferase reporter assay, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was predicted to be a transcription factor of EGR1 and repressed the expression of EGR1 in renal tubular epithelial cells. CAL could increase PPARγ in a dose dependent manner in mice with renal IRI and molecular docking predicted CAL could bind stably to PPARγ. In HK-2 cells after H/R, CAL increased PPARγ, decreased EGR1, and inhibited NF-κB mediated inflammatory response. However, PPARγ knockdown by siRNA transfection abrogated the anti-inflammation therapeutic effect of CAL. CAL produced a protective effect on renal IRI by attenuating NF-κB mediated inflammatory response via PPARγ/EGR1 pathway.
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15
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Tang JL, Xin M, Zhang LC. Protective effect of Astragalus membranaceus and Astragaloside IV in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5855-5877. [PMID: 35859295 PMCID: PMC9365550 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common target organ damage in sepsis. Sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI) may be characterized by damage to the renal tubular epithelium. In this study, the pharmacological mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus and its active monomer Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) were predicted based on a network pharmacology approach and validated both in vitro and in vivo using the SA-AKI model. Method: We constructed an in vivo sepsis model using a mouse cecum ligation puncture (CLP) and HK-2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic Gram (–) induced sepsis to assess the renal-protective efficacy of Astragalus membranaceus and AS-IV. Results: The findings demonstrated that Astragalus membranaceus and AS-IV attenuate renal tubular injury in mice with polymicrobial sepsis, including vacuolization, loss of brush border, mitochondrial ultrastructural changes, and increased staining of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). AS-IV protected human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells against LPS induced cell viability loss. Both Astragalus membranaceus and AS-IV activated the PI3K/AKT pathway both in vitro and in vivo, as shown by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that Astragalus membranaceus and AS-IV protect against sepsis-induced kidney tubular injury by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Long Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Wang Y, Feng Y, Li M, Yang M, Shi G, Xuan Z, Yin D, Xu F. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Diseases: Theories, Applications, and Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917975. [PMID: 35924053 PMCID: PMC9340222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and progressive disease that has become a major public health problem on a global scale. Renal fibrosis is a common feature in the pathogenesis of CKD, which is mainly related to the excessive accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix caused by various inflammatory factors. No ideal treatment has yet been established. In recent years, based on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory of CKD and its molecular mechanism, clinical evidence or experimental studies have confirmed that a variety of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and their effective components can delay the progress of CKD. TCM believes that the pathogenesis of CKD is the deficiency in the root and excess in the branch, and the deficiency and excess are always accompanied by the disease. The strategies of TCM in treating CKD are mainly based on invigorating Qi, tonifying the kidneys, promoting blood circulation, removing stasis, eliminating heat and dampness, removing turbidity, and eliminating edema, and these effects are multitargeted and multifunctional. This review attempts to summarize the theories and treatment strategies of TCM in the treatment of CKD and presents the efficacy and mechanisms of several CMMs supported by clinical evidence or experimental studies. In addition, the relationship between the macroscopic of TCM and the microscopic of modern medicine and the problems faced in further research were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ye Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Manman Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Scientific Research and Technology Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zihua Xuan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Dengke Yin, ; Fan Xu,
| | - Fan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Dengke Yin, ; Fan Xu,
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17
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Network Pharmacology and In Vivo Experimental Validation to Uncover the Renoprotective Mechanisms of Fangji Huangqi Decoction on Nephrotic Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4223729. [PMID: 35722158 PMCID: PMC9200505 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4223729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Fangji Huangqi decoction (FHD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that has the potential efficacy for nephrotic syndrome (NS) treatment. This study aims to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of FHD against NS via network pharmacology and in vivo experiments. Methods The bioactive compounds and targets of FHD were retrieved from the TCMSP database. NS-related targets were collected from GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. The compound-target and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed by Cytoscape 3.8 and BisoGenet, respectively. GO and KEGG analyses were performed by the DAVID online tool. The interactions between active compounds and hub genes were revealed by molecular docking. An NS rat model was established to validate the renoprotective effects and molecular mechanisms of FHD against NS in vivo. Results A total of 32 hub genes were predicted to play essential roles in FHD treating NS. Eight main bioactive compounds of FHD had the good affinity with 9 hub targets (CCL2, IL-10, PTGS2, TNF, MAPK1, IL-6, CXCL8, TP53, and VEGFA). The therapeutic effect of FHD on NS was closely involved in the regulation of inflammation and PI3K-Akt pathway. In vivo experiments confirmed the renoprotective effect of FHD on NS, evidenced by reducing the levels of proteinuria, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and inflammatory factors in NS rats. The PI3K activator 740Y-P weakened the effects of FHD against NS. Furthermore, FHD downregulated the levels of PTGS2, MAPK1, IL-6, and p-Akt in NS rats. Conclusions FHD alleviates kidney injury and inflammation in NS by targeting PTGS2, MAPK1, IL-6, and PI3K-Akt pathway.
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18
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Guo X, Pan X, Wu J, Li Y, Nie N. Calycosin prevents IL-1β-induced articular chondrocyte damage in osteoarthritis through regulating the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:491-502. [PMID: 35705795 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00694-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disorder that is associated with chondrocyte damage under inflammatory environment. Calycosin is an astragalus extract with potential anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. The purpose of this research is to explore the activity and mechanism of calycosin in interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)-induced chondrocyte injury. In the present study, the targets of calycosin and OA were analyzed according to HERB, DisGeNet, String, GO terms, and KEGG pathway enrichment assays. Human primary chondrocytes were treated with calycosin, and stimulated with IL-1β. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry, and caspase-3 activity analyses. Inflammation was analyzed according to inflammatory cytokines levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proteins associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) signaling pathways were measured using Western blotting. The results showed that total of 25 overlapping targets of calycosin against OA were predicted. These targets might drive the FoxO pathway. Calycosin alone induced little cytotoxicity to chondrocytes, and it alleviated IL-1β-induced viability inhibition, cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and ECM degradation in chondrocytes. Calycosin repressed IL-1β-induced activation of the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 signaling. Activation of the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 signaling mitigated the suppressive effect of calycosin on chondrocyte apoptosis, inflammation, and ECM degradation induced by IL-1β. As a conclusion, calycosin prevents IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, inflammation, and ECM degradation through inactivating the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- School of medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, 312000, Shaoxing, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Medical College of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhong Wu
- School of medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, 312000, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yuanzhou Li
- Shaoxing Geke Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Nie
- Trauma Joint Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 404100, China
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Wang T, Zhang Z, Xie M, Li S, Zhang J, Zhou J. Apigenin Attenuates Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Activating FOXO3a. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2793-2806. [PMID: 34448149 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are widely used in many biomedical applications and clinical fields. However, the applications of MSNs are limited by their severe toxicity. Apigenin (AG) has demonstrated pharmacological effects with low toxicity. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of AG in the progression of MSNs-induced renal injury. BALB/c mice and NRK-52E cells were exposed to MSNs with or without AG. AG protected mice and NRK-52E cells from the MSNs-induced pathological variations in renal tissues and decreased cell viability. AG significantly reduced the levels of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr), upregulated the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT), and improved the pathological changes of the kidney in MSNs-treated mice. The protective effects of AG were associated with its ability to increase the levels of antioxidants, reduce the accumulation of ROS, and inhibit the expression of the inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6). In addition, AG treatment upregulated the activity of FOXO3a, increased the level of IkBα, and reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which ultimately alleviated MSNs-induced inflammation. Nuclear FOXO3a translocation also triggered antioxidant gene transcription and protected nephrocyte from oxidative damage. However, knockdown of FOXO3a significantly blocked the protective effects of AG. These findings suggested that AG could be a promising therapeutic strategy for MSNs-induced nephrotoxicity, and this protective effect might be related to the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation via the FOXO3a/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Wang
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjuan Xie
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Saifeng Li
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, People's Republic of China.
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Tanshinone IIA improves sepsis-induced acute lung injury through the ROCK2/NF-κB axis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 446:116021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yuan H, Wu X, Wang X, Yuan C. Chinese herbal decoction astragalus and angelica exerts its therapeutic effect on renal interstitial fibrosis through the inhibition of MAPK, PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways. Genes Dis 2022; 9:510-521. [PMID: 35224164 PMCID: PMC8843878 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus and Angelica decoction (A&A) has been clinically used as a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula in China for many years for the treatment of kidney diseases, especially renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of A&A on RIF remains poorly understood. In the present study, systematic network pharmacology and effective experimental verification were utilized for the first time to elucidate the pharmacological efficacy and potential mechanism. The outcomes indicated that 22 active components and 87 target genes of A&A were identified and cross-referenced with RIF-associated genes, contributing to confirmation of 74 target genes of A&A for RIF. Pathway and functional enrichment analyses revealed that A&A had substantial effects on MAPK, PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways. In addition, seven core targets with relatively higher betweenness and degree were identified in the constructed Chinese medicine material-chemical component-target-signal pathway network. Moreover, we verified the potential therapeutic effect of A&A in vivo (using a mouse model of RIF), confirming that A&A could effectively protect the kidney by regulating these target genes. The therapeutic effect of A&A on RIF could be attributed to its role in regulating the cell cycle, limiting the apoptosis, and inhibiting the inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, PR China
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, PR China
| | - Xuelian Wu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Chumeiren Medical Cosmetic Clinic, WuJiaGang District, Yichang, Hubei 443002, PR China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, PR China
- Corresponding author. College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, PR China. Fax: +86 717 6396818.
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Sun L, Yang Z, Zhao W, Chen Q, Bai H, Wang S, Yang L, Bi C, Shi Y, Liu Y. Integrated lipidomics, transcriptomics and network pharmacology analysis to reveal the mechanisms of Danggui Buxue Decoction in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114699. [PMID: 34610419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBT) is classical prescriptions, which contains two Traditional Chinese Medicines of Angelicae sinensis radix and Astragali radix. According to the preliminary work of our laboratory and numerous studies, it has been found that DBT has a therapeutic effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the mechanisms underlying its action remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of DBT on kidney disease in diabetic mice and further explore its protective mechanism. METHODS DN mice model was induced by high-fat fodder and streptozotocin (STZ). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 6 compounds in DBT was carried out by HPLC, including calycosin-7-glucoside, ferulic acid, ononin, calycosin, formononetin, and levostilide A. Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining was used to determine the degree of kidney pathological damage. The UPLC-Q Exactive MS technique was used to analyze the lipids metabolism profile of kidneys samples and multiple statistical analysis methods were used to screen and identify biomarkers. Transcriptomics analyses were carried out using RNAseq. The possible molecular mechanism was unraveled by network pharmacology. RESULTS Thirty-one significantly altered lipid metabolites were identified in the model group comparing with the control group. DBT improved aberrant expression of several pathways related to lipidomics, including glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. Comprehensive analysis indicated that DBT intervention reduced the content of Cers, phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines in mouse kidneys by downregulating the transcription level of Degs2 and Cers, reducing lipid accumulation and promoting Akt phosphorylation by upregulating the expression of Acers and Pdk1. Network pharmacology analysis showed that components in DBT, such as kaempferol, ferulic acid and astragaloside IV, could be responsible for the pharmacological activity of DN by regulating the AGE-RAGE, PI3K/Akt, MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in diabetic complications. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that DBT may improve DN by affecting insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Qin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Haiying Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Chunmei Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yingqian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
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Tan XY, Jing HY, Ma YR. Interleukin-33/ Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 in Renal Fibrosis: Emerging Roles in Prognosis and Treatment. Front Physiol 2022; 12:792897. [PMID: 35046838 PMCID: PMC8761767 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.792897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem that affects more than 10% of the population worldwide and has a high mortality rate. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel treatment strategies for CKD. Incidentally, renal fibrosis plays a central role in the progression of CKD to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The activation of inflammatory pathways leads to the development of renal fibrosis. In fact, interleukin-33 (IL-33), a newly discovered member of the interleukin 1 (IL-1) cytokine family, is a crucial regulator of the inflammatory process. It exerts pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects via the suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) receptor, which, in turn, activates other inflammatory pathways. Although the role of this pathway in cardiac, pulmonary, and hepatic fibrotic diseases has been extensively studied, its precise role in renal fibrosis has not yet been completely elucidated. Recent studies have shown that a sustained activation of IL-33/ST2 pathway promotes the development of renal fibrosis. However, with prolonged research in this field, it is expected that the IL-33/ST2 pathway will be used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for renal diseases. In addition, the IL-33/ST2 pathway seems to be a new target for the future treatment of CKD. Here, we review the mechanisms and potential applications of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in renal fibrosis; such that it can help clinicians and researchers to explore effective treatment options and develop novel medicines for CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Tan
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Yue Jing
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue-Rong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Xu H, Qin J, Qin L, Guo C, Yang B. Bioinformatics and In Silico Findings Uncover Bio-Targets of Calycosin Against Heart Failure and Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:790619. [PMID: 35898453 PMCID: PMC9309256 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.790619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are life-threatening diseases. However, existing clinical drugs to treat HF complicated with DM are relatively limited. In this study, we performed a viable bioinformatics strategy combining network pharmacology and molecular docking to identify potential anti-HF and -DM targets and therapeutic mechanisms of calycosin, a functional phytoestrogen. METHODS Web-based databases were used to collect candidate genes/targets of calycosin and HF/DM and then identify the hub bio-targets of calycosin against HF/DM. Using the online-available database, all functional processes and signaling pathways of calycosin against HF/DM were screened and identified before further visualization. RESULTS All potential bio-targets of calycosin and HF/DM were collected, and 20 hub targets of calycosin against HF/DM were identified. Interestingly, molecular docking findings indicated that mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 (MAPK1), β-arrestin 1 (ARRB1), and homologue-1 (ABL1) may be potent pharmacological targets of calycosin against HF/DM. In addition, all primary molecular functions of calycosin against HF/DM were identified, including regulating protein binding, ubiquitination, and the metabolic process. Furthermore, the top molecular pathways of calycosin against HF/DM were revealed, including cardiomyocyte and chemokine signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Our bioinformatics analysis uncovered the network targets and therapeutic mechanisms of calycosin against HF/DM. For the first time, the current in silico findings revealed that the identified hub targets may be used to screen and treat HF/DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Xu
- Cardiology Department, Guigang City People’s Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, China
| | - Jingru Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lixiu Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guigang City People’s Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Guo, ; Bin Yang,
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Guo, ; Bin Yang,
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Xia Y, Cao Y, Sun Y, Hong X, Tang Y, Yu J, Hu H, Ma W, Qin K, Bao R. Calycosin Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury via the Inhibition of Mitochondrial ROS-Mediated Inflammasome Activation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:690549. [PMID: 34737695 PMCID: PMC8560711 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) culminates in multiple organ failure via uncontrolled inflammatory responses and requires effective treatment. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of calycosin (CA), a natural isoflavonoid, on sepsis-induced ALI. CA attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced structural damage and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues by histopathological analysis. CA significantly reduced lung wet/dry ratio, inflammatory cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and myeloperoxidase activity. Moreover, CA improved the survival of septic mice. CA also substantially inhibited interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels and cleaved caspase 1 expression and activity in lung tissues. Additionally, CA markedly suppressed oxidative stress by increasing levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione while decreasing malondialdehyde. In vitro assay showed that CA significantly inhibited LPS-induced IL-1β and IL-18 levels and cleaved caspase 1 expression and activity in BMDMs. Moreover, CA blocked the interaction among NLRP3, ASC, and caspase 1 in LPS-treated cells. CA markedly reduced mitochondrial ROS levels. Significantly, compared with CA treatment, the combination of CA and MitoTEMPO (mitochondria-targeted antioxidant) did not further reduce the IL-1β and IL-18 levels and cleaved caspase 1 expression and activity and decreased mitochondrial ROS levels. Collectively, the inhibition of mitochondrial ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to the protective effects of CA, which may be considered a potential therapeutic agent for septic ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, LiShui People Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanbao Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, LiShui People Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, LiShui People Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuying Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, LiShui People Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingyan Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, LiShui People Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, LiShui People Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjuan Hu
- Department Science and Education, LiShui People Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjia Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, LiShui People Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Kailun Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, LiShui People Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Xu H, Zhang T, He L, Yuan M, Yuan X, Wang S. Exploring the mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction in regulating atherosclerotic disease network based on integrated pharmacological methods. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20211429. [PMID: 34528665 PMCID: PMC8521537 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction (DGBXD) in regulating Atherosclerosis (AS) network based on integrated pharmacological methods. METHODS The active ingredients and targets of DGBXD are obtained from TCMSP database and ETCM. AS-related targets were collected from the Genecards and OMIM databases. The drug-disease protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed by Cytoscape. Meanwhile, it was used to screen out densely interacting regions, namely clusters. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) annotations are performed on the targets and genes in the cluster to obtain biological processes, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations are performed on the targets of the PPI network to obtain signaling pathways. RESULTS A total of 212 known targets, 265 potential targets and 229 AS genes were obtained. The 'DGBXD known-AS PPI network' and 'DGBXD-AS PPI Network' were constructed and analyzed. DGBXD can regulate inflammation, platelet activation, endothelial cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, vascular smooth muscle proliferation, angiogenesis, TNF, HIF-1, FoxO signaling pathway, etc. The experimental data showed that compared with the model group, the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and interleukin (IL)-1β protein and mRNA in the DGBXD group decreased (P<0.05). However, plasma IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in the DGBXD group were not significantly different from the model group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The mechanism of DGBXD in the treatment of AS may be related to the improvement of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the blood vessel wall and the anti-vascular local inflammatory response, which may provide a reference for the study of the mechanism of DGBXD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- School of Integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tianqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mengxia Yuan
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- School of Integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Catalpol alleviates Ang II-induced renal injury through NF/κB pathway and TGF-β1/Smads pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 79:e116-e121. [PMID: 34654783 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Catalpol is an iridoid glycoside obtained from Rehmannia glutinosa, which in previous studies showed various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor and dopaminergic neurons protecting effects. Here, we examined the effect of catalpol on AngII-induced renal injury induced by angiotensin II (AngII), and further to explore its latent molecular mechanisms. We used an in vivo model of AngII-induced renal injury mice, catalpol (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was administered for 28 days. Mouse glomerular mesangial cells (SV40 MES 13), rat kidney interstitial fibroblasts cells (NRK-49F), and human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were induced by AngII (10 µM) in the presence or absence of catalpol (1, 5, and 10 µM) and incubated for 48 h in vitro. In our study, PAS and masson staining of renal tissue showed that catalpol reduced AngII-induced renal injury in a concentration-dependent manner. The positive expressions of Collagen IV and TGF-β1 were observed to decrease sharply after catalpol treatment. In renal tissue, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were evidently decreased after catalpol intervention. Catalpol can relieve AngII-induced renal injury by inactivating NF/κB and TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathways. Therefore, catalpol may act as a potential drug to treat AngII-induced renal injury.
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Zhao C, Wang W, Yan K, Sun H, Han J, Hu Y. The therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetic complications. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:547-556. [PMID: 34382512 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210811153610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The alterations in vascular homeostasis is deeply involved in the development of numerous diseases, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetic complications. Changes in blood flow and endothelial permeability caused by vascular dysfunction are the common mechanisms for these three types of diseases. The disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism can result in changes of the energy production patterns in endothelium and surrounding cells which may consequently cause local energy metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) follows the principle of the "treatment by the syndrome differentiation". TCM considers of that coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes complications all as the type of "Qi deficiency and Blood stasis" syndrome, which mainly happens to the vascular system. Therefore, the common pathogenesis of these three types of diseases suggests the treatment strategy by TCM should be in a close manner and named as "treating different diseases by the same treatment". Qishen Yiqi dripping pills is a modern Chinese herbal medicine which has been widely used for treatment of patients with coronary heart disease characterized as "Qi deficiency and blood stasis" in China. Recently, many clinical reports have demonstrated the potent therapeutic effects of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills on ischemic stroke and diabetic nephropathy. Based on these reports, we will summarize the clinical applications of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills on coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke and diabetic nephropathy, including the involved mechanisms with basic researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Zhao
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin. China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin. China
| | - Kaijing Yan
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin. China
| | - He Sun
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin. China
| | - Jihong Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin. China
| | - Yunhui Hu
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin. China
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Chen G, Hou Y, Li X, Pan R, Zhao D. Sepsis-induced acute lung injury in young rats is relieved by calycosin through inactivating the HMGB1/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107623. [PMID: 33857805 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sepsis is the primary cause for children's death worldwide. Calycosin (CAL) is an astragalus extract with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor functions. This study aims to probe the role of CAL in alleviating sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). PATIENTS AND METHODS Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was carried out in young rats to induce sepsis model, which were then treated with CAL. The histopathological changes of the lung were observed, and the dry/wet (W/D) weight ratio of the lung was calculated to analyze pulmonary edema. Apoptosis was determined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and the contents of PaO2, PaCO2 and PaO2/FiO2 in the aortic blood of the rats were monitored by blood-gas analysis. In addition, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied to treat Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC-II) to establish an in-vitro sepsis model. Cell viability was detected by the (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl2 and Caspase3, as well as the HMGB1/MyD88/NF-κB axis and NLRP3 inflammasome were measured by Western Blot. The profiles of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1) and oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, and CAT) in rat serum and AEC-II cells were also detected. RESULTS CLP induced remarkable lung injury in the young rats. The administration of CAL significantly mitigated pathological injuries of rat lung, reduced lung edema and the apoptosis (labeled by TUNEL). In vitro, CAL treatment improved the damage of LPS-treated AEC-II cells. In addition, CAL dampened inflammation and oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo, repressed the HMGB1/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP inflammasome activation induced by CLP or LPS. Interestingly, inhibiting HMGB1 (by ethyl pyruvate, EP) enhanced CAL-mediated protective effects against LPS in AEC-II cells. CONCLUSION CAL alleviates sepsis-induced ALI in young rats by inhibiting the HMGB1/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Digital Health and Data Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Dongchi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Digital Health and Data Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
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Wang S, Wu P, Wang K, Ji X, Chen D, Jiang A, Liu Y, Xiao W, Jiang Y, Zhu L, Xu X, Li M, Li X, Tang G. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Genes and Pathways Associated with Mummify Piglets. Genome 2021; 64:1029-1040. [PMID: 34139142 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
China is the country with the largest pork consumption in the world. However, the incidence of high mummify piglets (3-5%) is one of the important factors that cause the slow improvement of pig reproductive capacity, and the genetic mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to identify candidate genes related to high mummify piglets. RNA-seq technology was used to comparative transcriptome profiling of blood from high piglets mummified and healthy sow at different stages of pregnancy (35d, 56d, 77d and 98d). A total of 137 to 420 DEGs were detected in each stage. Seven differentially expressed genes were significantly differentially expressed at various stages. IL-9R, TLR8, ABLIM3, FSH-α, ASCC1, PRKCZ, and GCK may play an important role in course of mummify piglets. The differential genes we identified between the groups were mainly enriched in immune and inflammation regulation, and others were mainly enriched in reproduction. Considering the function of candidate genes, IL-9R and TLR8 were suggested as the most promising candidate genes involved in mummify piglet traits. We speculate that during pregnancy, it may be the combined effects of the above-mentioned inflammation, immune response, and reproduction-related signal pathways that affect the occurrence of mummifying piglets, and further affect pig reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 12529, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Pingxian Wu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 12529, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Kai Wang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 12529, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Xiang Ji
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 12529, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Dong Chen
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 12529, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Anan Jiang
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Yihui Liu
- Sichuan Animal Husbandry Station, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Weihang Xiao
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China;
| | - Li Zhu
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Xu Xu
- Sichuan Provincial Animal Husbandry and Food Bureau, 177358, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 12529, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Xuewei Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Guoqing Tang
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
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Pharmaceutical Values of Calycosin: One Type of Flavonoid Isolated from Astragalus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9952578. [PMID: 34035829 PMCID: PMC8121564 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9952578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus is a popular Materia Medica in China, and it could be applied in the treatment of various diseases. It contains a variety of chemically active ingredients, such as saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Plant-derived bioactive chemicals are considered natural, safe, and beneficial. Among the infinite plant-identified and isolated molecules, flavonoids have been reported to have positive effects on human health. Calycosin is the most important active flavonoid substance identified predominantly within this medicinal plant. In recent years, calycosin has been reported to have anticancer, antioxidative, immune-modulatory, and estrogenic-like properties. This review collected recent relevant literatures on calycosin and summarized its potential pharmaceutical properties and working mechanism involved, which provided solid basis for future clinical research.
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Zhu D, Yu H, Liu P, Yang Q, Chen Y, Luo P, Zhang C, Gao Y. Calycosin modulates inflammation via suppressing TLR4/NF-κB pathway and promotes bone formation to ameliorate glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rat. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2824-2835. [PMID: 33484002 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) administration is one of the main causes of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Inflammation, especially the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of GC-induced ONFH. Calycosin, the main bioactive extract of Astragali Radix, could substantially regulate the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that calycosin could exert beneficial effects in GC-induced ONFH. In vitro, effects of calycosin on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were determined using Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity examination, and osteogenic-related gene assay. Meanwhile, inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vivo, 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into three groups: the control group, the methylprednisolone (MPS) group, and the MPS + calycosin group. The results showed that calycosin could significantly promote dynamic bone formation and retard TLR4/NF-κB pathway. in vivo investigations indicated that calycosin could decrease the morbidity of ONFH and alleviate pathological manifestations within the femoral head. Meanwhile, calycosin could protect osseous blood supply and facilitate dynamic bone formation. The findings collectively demonstrated that calycosin could ameliorate GC-induced ONFH in rat and might become a potential candidate for pharmaceutical prevention of this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongping Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengbo Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Hou Y, Zhang Y, Lin S, Yu Y, Yang L, Li L, Wang W. Protective mechanism of apigenin in diabetic nephropathy is related to its regulation of miR-423-5P-USF2 axis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:2006-2020. [PMID: 34017372 PMCID: PMC8129299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin (APG), a natural flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis properties, has been shown to play a protective role in diabetic nephropathy (DN), but their molecular protection mechanism for miRNA has not been elucidated in detail. This study was designed to focus on exploring its protective role in DN and whether miR-423-5p-upstream stimulating factor 2 (USF2) axis was involved in its protective mechanism. The in vivo model of rat was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and the in vitro model of renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) was induced by high glucose (HG). Our in vivo study revealed that APG had different protective effects on inflammation, renal fibrosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in DN rats, which is mainly reflected in that the inflammatory factors (IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α) were obviously down-regulated, the renal fibrosis markers (IV-C, FN, Col I) were significantly inhibited, the E-cadherin (EMT factors) was significantly up-regulated, while the vimentin and α-SMA (EMT factors) were significantly down-regulated, and the renal function indexes (serum Cr, BUN) were significantly improved. In terms of mechanism, the protective effect of APG was related to the regulation of the expression of miR-423-5p-USF2 axis, and there was a targeted relationship between miR-423-5p and USF2. Down-regulating miR-423-5p or up-regulating USF2 could significantly aggravate the disease progression of in vitro model and eliminate DN resistance under APG intervention. The above results revealed that the protective role of APG on DN was mediated by miR-423-5p-USF2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Sitong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033, Jilin, P. R. China
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Zhao M, Yu Y, Wang R, Chang M, Ma S, Qu H, Zhang Y. Mechanisms and Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:619201. [PMID: 33854427 PMCID: PMC8039908 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.619201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the current treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited, it is necessary to seek more effective and safer treatment methods, such as Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs). In order to clarify the modern theoretical basis and molecular mechanisms of CHMs, we reviewed the knowledge based on publications in peer-reviewed English-language journals, focusing on the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, autophagy-mediated and antifibrotic effects of CHMs commonly used in kidney disease. We also discussed recently published clinical trials and meta-analyses in this field. Based on recent studies regarding the mechanisms of kidney disease in vivo and in vitro, CHMs have anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, autophagy-mediated, and antifibrotic effects. Several well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses demonstrated that the use of CHMs as an adjuvant to conventional medicines may benefit patients with CKD. Unknown active ingredients, low quality and small sample sizes of some clinical trials, and the safety of CHMs have restricted the development of CHMs. CHMs is a potential method in the treatment of CKD. Further study on the mechanism and well-conducted RCTs are urgently needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rumeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meiying Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jiang R, Ge J, Zhao J, Yan X. The protective effects of calycosin against diabetic nephropathy through Sirt3/SOD2/caspase-3 signaling pathway: In vitro. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.102988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Deng M, Chen H, Long J, Song J, Xie L, Li X. Calycosin: a Review of its Pharmacological Effects and Application Prospects. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 19:911-925. [PMID: 33346681 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1863145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Calycosin (CA), a typical phytoestrogen extracted from root of Astragalus membranaceus. On the basis of summarizing the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies of CA in recent years, we hope to provide useful information for CA about treating different diseases and to make suggestions for future research.Areas covered: We collected relevant information (January 2014 to March 2020) on CA via the Internet database. Keywords searched includ pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology, and the number of effective references was 118. CA is a phytoestrogen with wide range of pharmacological activities. By affecting PI3K/Akt/mTOR, WDR7-7-GPR30, Rab27B-β-catenin-VEGF, etc. signaling pathway, CA showed the effect of anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporosis, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, etc. Therefore, CA is prospective to be used in the treatment of many diseases.Expert opinion: Research shows that CA has a therapeutic effect on a variety of diseases. We think CA is a promising natural medicine. Therefore, we propose that the research directions of CA in the future include the following. Carrying out clinical research trials in order to find the most suitable medicinal concentration for different diseases; Exploring the synergistic mechanism of CA in combination with other drugs; Exploring ways to increase the blood circulation concentration of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiaying Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
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Combination of Astragalus membranaceous and Angelica sinensis Ameliorates Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6031782. [PMID: 33293989 PMCID: PMC7714576 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6031782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is an essential and early sign of diabetic macroangiopathy, a primary complication of diabetes mellitus. Astragalus membranaceous-Angelica sinensis is a classic medical combination applied in China to treat diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the granule form of the extract produced from the dried root of Astragalus membranaceous (AM) combination with the granule form of the extract produced from the dried Angelica sinensis (AS) on diabetic macroangiopathy and its underlying mechanism. Herein, rats were treated by AM-AS at a ratio of 3 : 2 via intragastric administration. High glucose-induced human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were then treated with drug-containing serum collected from the rats. In high glucose-treated HUVECs, AM-AS combination increased cell viability (P < 0.05), decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05) and the expression of the proapoptosis protein caspase 3 (P < 0.05), reduced the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase (P < 0.05), decreased reactive oxygen species level (P < 0.05), enhanced cell migration and invasion (P < 0.05), and reduced the level of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha. These results indicate that AM-AS combination at the ratio of 3 : 2 ameliorated HUVEC dysfunction by regulating apoptosis, cell migration, and invasion, which might be mediated by their regulatory effect on reactive oxygen species production. The current study provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of diabetic macroangiopathy using AM-AS.
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Ding X, Lv J, Luan J, Zhang J. Calycosin may Alleviate Ang II-Induced Pro-proliferative Effects on Glomerular Mesangial Cells via Partially Inhibiting Autophagy and ERK Signaling Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1893-1898. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Ding
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jia Luan
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Zhang Y, Tang PMK, Niu Y, García Córdoba CA, Huang XR, Yu C, Lan HY. Long Non-coding RNA LRNA9884 Promotes Acute Kidney Injury via Regulating NF-kB-Mediated Transcriptional Activation of MIF. Front Physiol 2020; 11:590027. [PMID: 33192605 PMCID: PMC7658631 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.590027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications affecting hospitalized patients associated with an extremely high mortality rate. However, the underlying pathogenesis of AKI remains unclear that largely limits its effective management in clinic. Increasing evidence demonstrated the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of AKI, because of their regulatory roles in transcription, translation, chromatin modification, and cellular organization. Here, we reported a new role of LRNA9884 in AKI. Using experimental cisplatin-induced AKI model, we found that LRNA9884 was markedly up-regulated in the nucleus of renal tubular epithelium in mice with AKI. We found that silencing of LRNA9884 effectively inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in the mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (mTECs) under IL-1β stimulation in vitro. Mechanistically, LRNA9884 was involved into NF-κB-mediated inflammatory cytokines production especially on macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Collectedly, our study suggested LRNA9884 promoted MIF-triggered the production of inflammatory cytokines via NF-κB pathway after AKI injury. This study uncovered LRNA9884 has an adverse impact in AKI, and targeting LRNA9884 might represent a potential therapeutic target for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yangyang Niu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cristina Alexandra García Córdoba
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Hu R, Wang MQ, Liu LY, You HY, Wu XH, Liu YY, Wang YJ, Lu L, Xiao W, Wei LB. Calycosin inhibited autophagy and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating AMPK/SKP2/CARM1 signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11084-11099. [PMID: 32910538 PMCID: PMC7576237 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common and serious complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Oxidative stress and autophagy are the primary molecular mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy. Calycosin, a major component of Radix astragali, exerts anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative stress and anti‐autophagy effects. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of calycosin on skeletal muscle atrophy in vivo and in vitro. 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) rats were used as a model of CKD. We evaluated bodyweight and levels of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum albumin (Alb). H&E staining, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress biomarkers, autophagosome and LC3A/B levels were performed and evaluated in skeletal muscle of CKD rat. Calycosin treatment improved bodyweight and renal function, alleviated muscle atrophy (decreased the levels of MuRF1 and MAFbx), increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in skeletal muscle of CKD rats. Importantly, calycosin reduced autophagosome formation, down‐regulated the expression of LC3A/B and ATG7 through inhibition of AMPK and FOXO3a, and increased SKP2, which resulted in decreased expression of CARM1, H3R17me2a. Similar results were observed in C2C12 cells treated with TNF‐α and calycosin. Our findings showed that calycosin inhibited oxidative stress and autophagy in CKD induced skeletal muscle atrophy and in TNF‐α‐induced C2C12 myotube atrophy, partially by regulating the AMPK/SKP2/CARM1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming-Qing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling-Yu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai-Yan You
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang-Yang Liu
- Zhongshan Huangpu People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yan-Jing Wang
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Bo Wei
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Li D, Zhao L, Li Y, Kang X, Zhang S. Gastro-Protective Effects of Calycosin Against Precancerous Lesions of Gastric Carcinoma in Rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2207-2219. [PMID: 32606591 PMCID: PMC7294567 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s247958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In-depth research of precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma (PLGC) with malignant transformation potential is a key measure to prevent the development of gastric carcinoma. Recently, calycosin has been shown to have anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanism by which calycosin affects PLGC, however, has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect and mechanism of calycosin in N‐methyl‐Nʹ‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced PLGC rats. Methods The effects of calycosin in the gastric mucosa of rats with PLGC were evaluated using histopathology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For further characterization, the expression levels of integrin β1, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), p-NF-κB, DARPP-32 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were determined by Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry. Results Hematoxylin–eosin and high iron diamine–Alcian blue–periodic acid-Schiff (HID-AB-PAS) staining showed that intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia were significantly ameliorated in the calycosin intervention groups compared with the model group. Further, TEM results showed that calycosin intervention tempered microvascular abnormalities and cell morphology of primary and parietal cells in PLGC tissues. The results suggested that calycosin had gastro-protective effects in MNNG-induced PLGC rats. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the increased protein expression levels of NF-κB, p-NF-κB, DARPP-32 and STAT3 in the model group were downregulated by calycosin. The upregulation of integrin β1 expression induced by MNNG was decreased in the calycosin groups. Conclusion Collectively, calycosin protected against gastric mucosal injury in part via regulation of the integrin β1/NF-κB/DARPP-32 pathway and suppressed the expression of STAT3 in PLGC. The elucidation of this effect and mechanism of calycosin in PLGC provides a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of gastric precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Li
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqing Zhao
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhong Kang
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengsheng Zhang
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Matsumori A, Shimada T, Shimada M, Drayson MT. Immunoglobulin free light chains: an inflammatory biomarker of diabetes. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:715-718. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Neuroprotective functions of calycosin against intracerebral hemorrhage-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:583-592. [PMID: 32116027 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate whether calycosin affects the brain damages induced by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: ICH mouse model was established by injection of collagenase type VII. Results: 50 mg/kg calycosin showed significant inhibitory effects on ICH-induced brain impairment evaluated by modified neurologic severity scores and water content. In addition, the lesion volumes, blood accumulation and hemispheric enlargement were all dramatically reduced by calycosin treatment compared with those of vehicles. It was observed that calycosin repressed oxidative stress by enhancing Nrf2 anti-oxidative pathway and suppressed inflammation by blocking NACHT, NALP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway activation. Conclusion: Calycosin could protect the brain against the damages induced by ICH via inhibiting oxidative damages and inflammation.
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Renoprotective effect of calycosin in high fat diet-fed/STZ injected rats: Effect on IL-33/ST2 signaling, oxidative stress and fibrosis suppression. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 315:108897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Shi J, Xu W, Zheng R, Miao H, Hu Q. Neuregulin 4 attenuate tubulointerstitial fibrosis and advanced glycosylation end products accumulation in diabetic nephropathy rats via regulating TNF-R1 signaling. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5501-5513. [PMID: 31632525 PMCID: PMC6789242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) play important roles in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to investigate roles of Nrg4 in the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) in diabetic nephropathy (DN). In present study, Nrg4 is under-expression in serum and renal tissue of diabetic nephropathy rats. In present study, Nrg4 attenuate renal function injury, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, inflammation and suppress the expression levels of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) in vivo and vitro. Furthermore, the results reveal that Nrg4 ameliorates fibrosis and attenuate the expression of AGEs and inflammation via TNF-R1 signaling instead of TNF-R2 signaling in HK-2 cells. In conclusion, these results revealed that Nrg4 may effectively ameliorates TIF and attenuate the expression of AGEs in DN through TNF-R1 signaling instead of TNF-R2 signaling. We have provided evidence indicating that Nrg4 possesses therapeutic effect on TIF in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Min Dong Hospital of Ningde CityNingde, Fujian Province, China
| | - Weilong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruiping Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Min Dong Hospital of Ningde CityNingde, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huizi Miao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Min Dong Hospital of Ningde CityNingde, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiaosheng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Lianshui County People’s HospitalLianshui, Jiangsu Province, China
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Cui L, Han Y, Ma Y. Calycosin Ameliorates Inflammatory Paw Edema in Mice via Inhibiting NF-κB Activation. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.745.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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