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Uboldi M, Chiappa A, Rossi M, Briatico-Vangosa F, Melocchi A, Zema L. Development of a multi-component gastroretentive expandable drug delivery system (GREDDS) for personalized administration of metformin. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:131-149. [PMID: 38088371 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2294884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Efficacy and compliance of type II diabetes treatment would greatly benefit from dosage forms providing controlled release of metformin in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In this respect, the feasibility of a new system ensuring stomach-retention and personalized release of this drug at its absorption window for multiple days was investigated. METHODS The system proposed comprised of a drug-containing core and a viscoelastic umbrella-like skeleton, which were manufactured by melt-casting and 3D printing. Prototypes, alone or upon assembly and insertion into commercially-available capsules, were characterized for key parameters: thermo-mechanical properties, accelerated stability, degradation, drug release, deployment performance, and resistance to simulated gastric contractions. RESULTS Each part of the system was successfully manufactured using purposely-selected materials and the performance of final prototypes matched the desired one. This included: i) easy folding of the skeleton against the core in the collapsed administered shape, ii) rapid recovery of the cumbersome configuration at the target site, even upon storage, and iii) prolonged release of metformin. CONCLUSIONS Composition, geometry, and performance of the system developed in this work were deemed acceptable for stomach-retention and prolonged as well as customizable release of metformin in its absorption window, laying promising bases for further development steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Uboldi
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Chiappa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Briatico-Vangosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Melocchi
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Zema
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Cho M, Woo YR, Cho SH, Lee JD, Kim HS. Metformin: A Potential Treatment for Acne, Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Rosacea. Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv18392. [PMID: 38078688 PMCID: PMC10726377 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.18392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used drug for treatment of diabetes mellitus, due to its safety and efficacy. In addition to its role as an antidiabetic drug, numerous beneficial effects of metformin have enabled its use in various diseases. Considering the anti-androgenic, anti-angiogenic, anti-fibrotic and antioxidant properties of metformin, it may have the potential to improve chronic inflammatory skin diseases. However, further evidence is needed to confirm the efficacy of metformin in dermatological conditions, This review focuses on exploring the therapeutic targets of metformin in acne vulgaris, hidradenitis suppurativa and rosacea, by studying their pathogeneses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minah Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Ri Woo
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Deuk Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hei Sung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Yong SJ, Halim A, Halim M, Ming LC, Goh KW, Alfaresi M, AlShehail BM, Al Fares MA, Alissa M, Sulaiman T, Alsalem Z, Alwashmi ASS, Khamis F, Al Kaabi NA, Albayat H, Alsheheri A, Garout M, Alsalman J, Alfaraj AH, Alhajri M, Dhama K, Alburaiky LM, Alsanad AH, AlShurbaji AT, Rabaan AA. Experimental drugs in randomized controlled trials for long-COVID: what's in the pipeline? A systematic and critical review. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:655-667. [PMID: 37534972 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2242773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over three years have passed since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and yet the treatment for long-COVID, a post-COVID-19 syndrome, remains long overdue. Currently, there is no standardized treatment available for long-COVID, primarily due to the lack of funding for post-acute infection syndromes (PAIS). Nevertheless, the past few years have seen a renewed interest in long-COVID research, with billions of dollars allocated for this purpose. As a result, multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been funded in the quest to find an effective treatment for long-COVID. AREAS COVERED This systematic review identified and evaluated the potential of current drug treatments for long-COVID, examining both completed and ongoing RCTs. EXPERT OPINION We identified four completed and 22 ongoing RCTs, investigating 22 unique drugs. However, most drugs were deemed to not have high potential for treating long-COVID, according to three pre-specified domains, a testament to the ordeal of treating long-COVID. Given that long-COVID is highly multifaceted with several proposed subtypes, treatments likely need to be tailored accordingly. Currently, rintatolimod appears to have modest to high potential for treating the myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) subtype, LTY-100 and Treamid for pulmonary fibrosis subtype, and metformin for general long-COVID prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Jie Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Alice Halim
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Halim
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Mubarak Alfaresi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bashayer M AlShehail
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona A Al Fares
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Sulaiman
- Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Alsalem
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen S S Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faryal Khamis
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Nawal A Al Kaabi
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hawra Albayat
- Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsheheri
- Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameela Alsalman
- Infection Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Amal H Alfaraj
- Pediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Alhajri
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Lamees M Alburaiky
- Pediatric Department, Safwa General Hospital, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam H Alsanad
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics Department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
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Narzary I, Swarnakar A, Kalita M, Middha SK, Usha T, Babu D, Mochahary B, Brahma S, Basumatary J, Goyal AK. Acknowledging the use of botanicals to treat diabetic foot ulcer during the 21 st century: A systematic review. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:4035-4059. [PMID: 37388781 PMCID: PMC10303622 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i17.4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious health issue of diabetes mellitus that affects innumerable people worldwide. Management and treatment of this complication are challenging, especially for those whose immune system is weak.
AIM To discuss the plants and their parts used to heal DFU, along with the mode of their administration in diabetic patients.
METHODS The original articles on “the plants for the treatment of DFU” studied in clinical cases only were obtained from various bibliographic databases using different keywords.
RESULTS The search resulted in 22 clinical cases records with 20 medicinal plants belonging to 17 families on 1553 subjects. The fruits and leaves were the most preferentially used parts for DFU treatment, regardless of whether they were being administered orally or applied topically. Of the 20 medicinal plants, 19 reported their effectiveness in increasing angiogenesis, epithelialization, and granulation, thus hastening the wound-healing process. The efficacy of these botanicals might be attributed to their major bioactive compounds, such as actinidin and ascorbic acid (in Actinidia deliciosa), 7-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-galactin (in Ageratina pichinchensis), omega-3-fatty acid (in Linum usitatissimum), isoquercetin (in Melilotus officinalis), anthocyanins (in Myrtus communis), and plantamajoside (in Plantago major).
CONCLUSION The validation of mechanisms of action underlying these phytocompounds contributing to the management of DFU can aid in our better understanding of creating efficient treatment options for DFU and its associated problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illora Narzary
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar 783370, Assam, India
- Department of Zoology, Baosi Banikanta Kakati College, Barpeta 781311, Assam, India
| | - Amit Swarnakar
- Medical Unit, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar 783370, Assam, India
| | - Mrinal Kalita
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar 783370, Assam, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Middha
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Talambedu Usha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Banjai Mochahary
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar 783370, Assam, India
| | - Sudem Brahma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar 783370, Assam, India
| | - Jangila Basumatary
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar 783370, Assam, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar 783370, Assam, India
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Sayedali E, Yalin AE, Yalin S. Association between metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:585-593. [PMID: 37273250 PMCID: PMC10236989 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is still one of the most common diseases worldwide, and its prevalence is still increasing globally. According to the American and European recommendations, metformin is considered a first-line oral hypo-glycemic drug for controlling type 2 DM (T2DM) patients. Metformin is the ninth most often prescribed drug in the world, and at least 120 million diabetic people are estimated to receive the drug. In the last 20 years, there has been increasing evidence of vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin-treated diabetic patients. Many studies have reported that vitamin B12 deficiency is related to the ma-labsorption of vitamin B12 among metformin-treated T2DM patients. Vitamin B12 deficiency may have a very bad complication for the T2DM patient. In this review, we will focus on the effect of metformin on the absorption of vitamin B12 and on its proposed mechanisms in hindering vitamin B12 absorption. In addition, the review will describe the clinical outcomes of vitamin B12 deficiency in metformin-treated T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Sayedali
- Department of Biochemistry,Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin 33169, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdinç Yalin
- Department of Biochemistry,Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin 33169, Turkey
| | - Serap Yalin
- Department of Biochemistry,Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin 33169, Turkey
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6
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Kattini R, Kelly L, Hummelen R. Systematic review of the use of metformin compared to insulin for the management of gestational diabetes: Implications for low-resource settings. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL MEDICINE 2023; 28:59-65. [PMID: 37005989 DOI: 10.4103/cjrm.cjrm_40_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This systematic review examines the effectiveness of metformin treatment compared to insulin treatment for gestational diabetes within the context of a low-resource environment. Methods Electronic data searches of Medline, EMBASE, Scopus and Google scholar databases from 1 January, 2005 to 30 June, 2021 were performed using medical subject headings: 'gestational diabetes or pregnancy diabetes mellitus' AND 'Pregnancy or pregnancy outcomes' AND 'Insulin' AND 'Metformin Hydrochloride Drug Combination/or Metformin/or Hypoglycemic Agents' AND 'Glycemic control or blood glucose'. Randomized controlled trials were included if: participants were pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); the interventions were metformin and/or insulin. Studies among women with pre-gestational diabetes, non-randomised control trials or studies with a limited description of the methodology were excluded. Outcomes included adverse maternal outcomes: weight gain, C-section, pre-eclampsia and glycaemic control and adverse neonatal outcomes: birth weight, macrosomia, pre-term birth and neonatal hypoglycaemia. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment for randomised trials was used for the evaluation of bias. Results We screened 164 abstracts and 36 full-text articles. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies provide moderate to high-quality evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of metformin as an alternative therapy to insulin. Risk of bias was low; multiple countries and robust sample sizes improved external validity. All studies were from urban centres with no rural data. Conclusion These recent high quality studies comparing metformin to insulin for the treatment of GDM generally found either improved or equivalent pregnancy outcome and good glycaemic control for most patients, although many required insulin supplementation. Its ease of use, safety and efficacy suggest metformin may simplify the management of gestational diabetes, particularly in rural and other low-resource environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ribal Kattini
- Sioux Lookout Local Education Group, Sioux Lookout, Ontario, Canada; Medical Student, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Len Kelly
- Sioux Lookout Meno Ya Win Health Centre, Sioux Lookout, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruben Hummelen
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sioux Lookout, Ontario, Canada
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Guo X, Wang C, Zhang R, Hao X, Lv L, Ni Y, Fan X, Zhang W, Jiao Y, Song W, Dong Q, Qi Y, Song M, Qin X. Scrophulariae Radix-Atractylodes sinensis pair and metformin inhibit inflammation by modulating gut microbiota of high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:900021. [PMID: 36532503 PMCID: PMC9748418 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.900021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 mellitus (T2DM), a chronic metabolic disorder, causes severe impairment of patients' quality of life and has attracted global attention. Many studies have suggested the importance of the gut microbiota in the occurrence of T2DM. The Scrophulariae Radix and Atractylodes sinensis (XC) pair, recommended in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), have been used for treating diabetes for many years. However, research on the role of the XC pair in modulating gut microbial communities is lacking, but it is important to elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS In this study, we detected bacterial communities by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The results showed that XC + MET reduced postprandial hyperglycemia and inflammatory response in diabetic rats more effectively than metformin (MET) alone. The XC + MET treatment reshaped the intestinal microbial composition of diabetic rats. XC can help MET regulate carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, particularly the insulin signaling pathway. DISCUSSION This research would help elucidate potential mechanisms and the treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Guo
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuliang Hao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Ni
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaohong Fan
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Weiliang Zhang
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunhong Jiao
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Qi
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Meiqing Song
- Clinical Pharmacological Research Laboratory, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Sheikhy A, Eydian Z, Fallahzadeh A, Shakiba M, Hajipour M, Alaei M, Mosallanejad A, Saneifard H. Benefits of metformin add-on insulin therapy (MAIT) for HbA1c and lipid profile in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: preliminary report from a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:505-510. [PMID: 35249270 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic control during puberty is impaired in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) patients due to increased insulin resistance. Metformin is one of the oral medications typically used in type 2 diabetes mellitus to reduce insulin resistance. We aimed to examine the effect of metformin on glycemic indices and insulin daily dosage in adolescents with T1DM. METHODS The present clinical trial was carried out on 50 adolescents aged 10-20 years with T1DM referred to the Endocrinology Clinic of Mofid Children's Hospital in Tehran for nine months. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, metformin was added to insulin therapy, while the second group continued routine insulin therapy combined with placebo. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), weight, BMI, insulin dosage, and blood pressure were measured at the beginning of the study and repeated every three months. Serum lipid profile, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and liver enzymes were also measured twice: At the beginning and end of the study (after nine months). RESULTS The HbA1c level (p<0.001) and insulin dosage (p=0.04) were lower in the metformin group than in the placebo group after nine months. Daily insulin dosage variability was significantly lower in the metformin recipient group (p=0.041). Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, and creatinine were significantly lower in the metformin arm than in the placebo arm (p<0.05). However, metformin did not affect LDL, HDL, liver enzymes, and BUN. CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive metformin therapy reduces insulin dosage by inhibiting insulin resistance and weight gain. It helps decrease daily insulin dosage variability, which may prevent hypoglycemia. Also, metformin reduces creatinine, preventing renal failure in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sheikhy
- Research Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Eydian
- Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Fallahzadeh
- Research Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Shakiba
- Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hajipour
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Alaei
- Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Mosallanejad
- Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedyeh Saneifard
- Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Alhowail A, Chigurupati S. Research advances on how metformin improves memory impairment in "chemobrain". Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:15-19. [PMID: 34100420 PMCID: PMC8451574 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment caused by chemotherapy, referred to as “chemobrain,” is observed in approximately 70% of cancer survivors. However, it is not completely understood how chemotherapy induces cognitive dysfunction, and clinical treatment strategies for this problem are lacking. Metformin, used as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus, is reported to reduce the effects of chemobrain. Recently, several studies have examined the effect of metformin in rescuing chemobrain. This review discusses recent clinical/preclinical studies that addressed some mechanisms of chemobrain and evaluates the effect of metformin in rescuing chemobrain and its potential mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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10
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Nair AS. Perioperative metformin: Friend or foe. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2020; 36:137-138. [PMID: 32174684 PMCID: PMC7047685 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_305_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit S Nair
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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11
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Post-tetanic Potentiation and Depression in Hippocampal Neurons in a Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects of Teucrium Polium Extract. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-020-09827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Khodaei F, Ahmadi K, Kiyani H, Hashemitabar M, Rezaei M. Mitochondrial Effects of Teucrium Polium and Prosopis Farcta Extracts in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:103-109. [PMID: 29373899 PMCID: PMC5844602 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.1.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Teucrium Polium and Prosopis Farcta have been traditionally employed in cancer treatment. In this study we evaluated the effects of methanolic extracts of these two plants in HT-29 cells. Methods: IC50s of extracts were obtained via MTT assay and the levels of ROS production, cell death, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and Sirt3 enzyme activity were determined. Results: After 48 hours exposure, IC50s for Teucrium and Prosopis extracts were 3 and 2µg/ml, respectively. Extracts induced higher ROS production after 6 hours than after 12 hours. Mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and cell death rate were also increased; Teucrium caused greater cell death than Prosopis. Extracts from both plants increased Sirt3 activity in its normal form, but only Teucrium extract caused a significant increase in activity of Sirt3 enzyme isolated from cancer cells. Conclusion: Teucrium and Prosopis extracts exert anticancer activity via mitochondrial alterations, as exemplified by increased ROS levels, Sirt3 activity and cell death in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Khodaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ,
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Beneficial Effects of Teucrium polium and Metformin on Diabetes-Induced Memory Impairments and Brain Tissue Oxidative Damage in Rats. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 2015:493729. [PMID: 25810947 PMCID: PMC4354963 DOI: 10.1155/2015/493729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. The effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Teucrium polium and metformin on diabetes-induced memory impairment and brain tissues oxidative damage were investigated. Methods. The rats were divided into: (1) Control, (2) Diabetic, (3) Diabetic-Extract 100 (Dia-Ext 100), (4) Diabetic-Extract 200 (Dia-Ext 200), (5) Diabetic-Extract 400 (Dia-Ext 400), and (6) Diabetic-Metformin (Dia-Met). Groups 3–6 were treated by 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract or metformin, respectively, for 6 weeks (orally). Results. In passive avoidance test, the latency to enter the dark compartment in Diabetic group was lower than that of Control group (P < 0.01). In Dia-Ext 100, Dia-Ext 200, and Dia-Ext 400 and Metformin groups, the latencies were higher than those of Diabetic group (P < 0.01). Lipid peroxides levels (reported as malondialdehyde, MDA, concentration) in the brain of Diabetic group were higher than Control (P < 0.001). Treatment by all doses of the extract and metformin decreased the MDA concentration (P < 0.01). Conclusions. The results of present study showed that metformin and the hydroalcoholic extract of Teucrium polium prevent diabetes-induced memory deficits in rats. Protection against brain tissues oxidative damage might have a role in the beneficial effects of the extract and metformin.
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Rafieian-Kopaei M, Nasri H, Baradaran A. Teucrium polium: Liver and kidney effects. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 19:478-9. [PMID: 25097635 PMCID: PMC4116584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Nasri
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Nephropathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azar Baradaran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Azar Baradaran, Department of Clinical Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
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