1
|
Yong SJ, Halim A, Liu S, Halim M, Alshehri AA, Alshahrani MA, Alshahrani MM, Alfaraj AH, Alburaiky LM, Khamis F, Muzaheed, AlShehail BM, Alfaresi M, Al Azmi R, Albayat H, Al Kaabi NA, Alhajri M, Al Amri KAS, Alsalman J, Algosaibi SA, Al Fares MA, Almanaa TN, Almutawif YA, Mohapatra RK, Rabaan AA. Pooled rates and demographics of POTS following SARS-CoV-2 infection versus COVID-19 vaccination: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Auton Neurosci 2023; 250:103132. [PMID: 38000119 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To address recent concerns of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) occurring after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus as of 1st June 2023. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of pooled POTS rate in SARS-CoV-2-infected and COVID-19-vaccinated groups from epidemiological studies, followed by subgroup analyses by characteristic. Meta-analysis of risk ratio was conducted to compare POTS rate in infected versus uninfected groups. Meta-analysis of demographics was also performed to compare cases of post-infection and post-vaccination POTS from case reports and series. RESULTS We estimated the pooled POTS rate of 107.75 (95 % CI: 9.73 to 273.52) and 3.94 (95 % CI: 0 to 16.39) cases per 10,000 (i.e., 1.08 % and 0.039 %) in infected and vaccinated individuals based on 5 and 2 studies, respectively. Meta-regression revealed age as a significant variable influencing 86.2 % variance of the pooled POTS rate in infected population (P < 0.05). Moreover, POTS was 2.12-fold more likely to occur in infected than uninfected individuals (RR = 2.12, 95 % CI: 1.71 to 2.62, P < 0.001). Meta-analyzed demographics for cases of post-infection (n = 43) and post-vaccination (n = 17) POTS found no significant differences in several variables between groups, except that the time from exposure to symptom onset was shorter for cases of post-vaccination POTS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Although evidence is limited for post-vaccination POTS, our study showed that POTS occur more frequently following SARS-CoV-2 infection than COVID-19 vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Jie Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Alice Halim
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Halim
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad A Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal H Alfaraj
- Pediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamees M Alburaiky
- Pediatric Department, Safwa General Hospital, Eastern Health Cluster, Safwa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faryal Khamis
- Infection Diseases unit, Department of Internal Medicine, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muzaheed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer M AlShehail
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Alfaresi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reyouf Al Azmi
- Infection Prevention and Control, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hawra Albayat
- Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A Al Kaabi
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mashael Alhajri
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jameela Alsalman
- Infection Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Sarah A Algosaibi
- Academic and Clinical Training, Eastern Health Cluster, Rural Health Network, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona A Al Fares
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed N Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya A Almutawif
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, India
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alabdulali F, Freije A, Al-Mannai M, Alsalman J, Buabbas FA, Rondanelli M, Perna S. Influence of HIV/AIDS Infection on Immunological and Nutritional Status in Adults and Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kingdom of Bahrain. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:88. [PMID: 37736888 PMCID: PMC10514823 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8050088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: HIV infection is a global public health problem that can lead to the progression of AIDS. Nutritional status and biochemical markers can significantly contribute to the progression of AIDS in HIV/AIDS patients. The main objective of this study is to examine the association between nutritional and biochemical markers as well as BMI in HIV/AIDS patients in the kingdom of Bahrain. Methods: A retrospective cohort study, including 300 patients (248 males and 52 females) with HIV/AIDS in Bahrain, was carried out. Various biochemical markers were collected from patients' medical records, including CD4+ T cell count, albumin, Hb, HCT, MCV, WBCs, and creatinine. A semi-structured questionnaire using a standardized food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used, from which total energy and total macronutrients were calculated. Results: The mean BMI of the participants was 27.20 kg/m2, and none of the participants had a BMI lower than 18.5 kg/m2 (underweight). The majority of patients' dietary intake of macronutrients and total calorie intake were either within or above the recommended RDA levels. The results also showed that all of the mean values of the nutritional and biochemical markers (CD4+ T cell count, albumin, Hb, HCT, MCV, WBCs, and creatinine) were within the normal reference ranges. A significant positive correlation between CD4+ T cell count, Hb, HCT, and albumin at the <0.05 level was found. There was no significant correlation between CD4+ T cell count and MCV, WBCs, and creatinine. A positive significant correlation was found between BMI, CD4+ T cell count, and WBCs at the <0.01 level. Conclusion: The BMI values were significantly correlated with the biochemical markers of AIDS progression. The dietary patterns of the participants were undiversified, with a high prevalence of obesity and overweight. Malnutrition among this study population was not present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Alabdulali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Afnan Freije
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Mariam Al-Mannai
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Jameela Alsalman
- Al Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama 435, Bahrain
| | | | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università Degli, Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yong SJ, Halim A, Halim M, Ming LC, Goh KW, Alfaresi M, AlShehail BM, Al Fares MA, Alissa M, Sulaiman T, Alsalem Z, Alwashmi ASS, Khamis F, Al Kaabi NA, Albayat H, Alsheheri A, Garout M, Alsalman J, Alfaraj AH, Alhajri M, Dhama K, Alburaiky LM, Alsanad AH, AlShurbaji AT, Rabaan AA. Experimental drugs in randomized controlled trials for long-COVID: what's in the pipeline? A systematic and critical review. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:655-667. [PMID: 37534972 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2242773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over three years have passed since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and yet the treatment for long-COVID, a post-COVID-19 syndrome, remains long overdue. Currently, there is no standardized treatment available for long-COVID, primarily due to the lack of funding for post-acute infection syndromes (PAIS). Nevertheless, the past few years have seen a renewed interest in long-COVID research, with billions of dollars allocated for this purpose. As a result, multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been funded in the quest to find an effective treatment for long-COVID. AREAS COVERED This systematic review identified and evaluated the potential of current drug treatments for long-COVID, examining both completed and ongoing RCTs. EXPERT OPINION We identified four completed and 22 ongoing RCTs, investigating 22 unique drugs. However, most drugs were deemed to not have high potential for treating long-COVID, according to three pre-specified domains, a testament to the ordeal of treating long-COVID. Given that long-COVID is highly multifaceted with several proposed subtypes, treatments likely need to be tailored accordingly. Currently, rintatolimod appears to have modest to high potential for treating the myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) subtype, LTY-100 and Treamid for pulmonary fibrosis subtype, and metformin for general long-COVID prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Jie Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Alice Halim
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Halim
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Mubarak Alfaresi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bashayer M AlShehail
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona A Al Fares
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Sulaiman
- Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Alsalem
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen S S Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faryal Khamis
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Nawal A Al Kaabi
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hawra Albayat
- Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsheheri
- Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameela Alsalman
- Infection Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Amal H Alfaraj
- Pediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Alhajri
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Lamees M Alburaiky
- Pediatric Department, Safwa General Hospital, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam H Alsanad
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics Department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rabaan AA, Al-Ahmed SH, Albayat H, Alwarthan S, Alhajri M, Najim MA, AlShehail BM, Al-Adsani W, Alghadeer A, Abduljabbar WA, Alotaibi N, Alsalman J, Gorab AH, Almaghrabi RS, Zaidan AA, Aldossary S, Alissa M, Alburaiky LM, Alsalim FM, Thakur N, Verma G, Dhawan M. Variants of SARS-CoV-2: Influences on the Vaccines' Effectiveness and Possible Strategies to Overcome Their Consequences. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:507. [PMID: 36984508 PMCID: PMC10051174 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The immune response elicited by the current COVID-19 vaccinations declines with time, especially among the immunocompromised population. Furthermore, the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly the Omicron variant, has raised serious concerns about the efficacy of currently available vaccines in protecting the most vulnerable people. Several studies have reported that vaccinated people get breakthrough infections amid COVID-19 cases. So far, five variants of concern (VOCs) have been reported, resulting in successive waves of infection. These variants have shown a variable amount of resistance towards the neutralising antibodies (nAbs) elicited either through natural infection or the vaccination. The spike (S) protein, membrane (M) protein, and envelope (E) protein on the viral surface envelope and the N-nucleocapsid protein in the core of the ribonucleoprotein are the major structural vaccine target proteins against COVID-19. Among these targets, S Protein has been extensively exploited to generate effective vaccines against COVID-19. Hence, amid the emergence of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2, we have discussed their impact on currently available vaccines. We have also discussed the potential roles of S Protein in the development of novel vaccination approaches to contain the negative consequences of the variants' emergence and acquisition of mutations in the S Protein of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the implications of SARS-CoV-2's structural proteins were also discussed in terms of their variable potential to elicit an effective amount of immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Shamsah H. Al-Ahmed
- Specialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 32654, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hawra Albayat
- Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 7790, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alwarthan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Alhajri
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A. Najim
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer M. AlShehail
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasl Al-Adsani
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kuwait City 63537, Kuwait
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hampton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Hampton, VA 23667, USA
| | - Ali Alghadeer
- Department of Anesthesia, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam 32245, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam A. Abduljabbar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Science, Jeddah 21134, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alotaibi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameela Alsalman
- Infection Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama 435, Bahrain
| | - Ali H. Gorab
- Al Kuzama Primary Health Care Center, Al Khobar Health Network, Eastern Health Cluster, Al Khobar 34446, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S. Almaghrabi
- Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Zaidan
- Gastroenterology Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah 23831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Aldossary
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Women and Children’s Health Institute, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamees M. Alburaiky
- Pediatric Department, Safwa General Hospital, Eastern Health Cluster, Safwa 31921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Mustafa Alsalim
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Health Care, Qatif Health Cluster, Qatif 32434, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nanamika Thakur
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Geetika Verma
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
- Trafford College, Altrincham, Manchester WA14 5PQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yong SJ, Halim A, Halim M, Liu S, Aljeldah M, Al Shammari BR, Alwarthan S, Alhajri M, Alawfi A, Alshengeti A, Khamis F, Alsalman J, Alshukairi AN, Abukhamis NA, Almaghrabi FS, Almuthree SA, Alsulaiman AM, Alshehail BM, Alfaraj AH, Alhawaj SA, Mohapatra RK, Rabaan AA. Inflammatory and vascular biomarkers in post-COVID-19 syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 20 biomarkers. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2424. [PMID: 36708022 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may inflict a post-viral condition known as post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) or long-COVID. Studies measuring levels of inflammatory and vascular biomarkers in blood, serum, or plasma of COVID-19 survivors with PCS versus non-PCS controls have produced mixed findings. Our review sought to meta-analyse those studies. A systematic literature search was performed across five databases until 25 June 2022, with an updated search on 1 November 2022. Data analyses were performed with Review Manager and R Studio statistical software. Twenty-four biomarkers from 23 studies were meta-analysed. Higher levels of C-reactive protein (Standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.02-0.39), D-dimer (SMD = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.09-0.46), lactate dehydrogenase (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.05-0.54), and leukocytes (SMD = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.02-0.66) were found in COVID-19 survivors with PCS than in those without PCS. After sensitivity analyses, lymphocytes (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12-0.48) and interleukin-6 (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12-0.49) were also significantly higher in PCS than non-PCS cases. No significant differences were noted in the remaining biomarkers investigated (e.g., ferritin, platelets, troponin, and fibrinogen). Subgroup analyses suggested the biomarker changes were mainly driven by PCS cases diagnosed via manifestation of organ abnormalities rather than symptomatic persistence, as well as PCS cases with duration of <6 than ≥6 months. In conclusion, our review pinpointed certain inflammatory and vascular biomarkers associated with PCS, which may shed light on potential new approaches to understanding, diagnosing, and treating PCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Jie Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alice Halim
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Halim
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Shiliang Liu
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Aljeldah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim R Al Shammari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alwarthan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Alhajri
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulsalam Alawfi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Alshengeti
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faryal Khamis
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jameela Alsalman
- Infection Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Abeer N Alshukairi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nujoud A Abukhamis
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, East Jeddah Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Souad A Almuthree
- Department of Infectious Disease, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bashayer M Alshehail
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal H Alfaraj
- Pediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shorouq A Alhawaj
- Department of Nursing Model of Care, Nephrology Dialysis & Transplant Unit, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, India
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saeed NK, Al-Khawaja S, Alsalman J, Almusawi S, Albalooshi NA, Al-Biltagi M. Bacterial co-infection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 in the Kingdom of Bahrain. World J Virol 2021. [PMID: 34367932 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v10.i4.168.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a significant challenge to the medical profession, increasing in the presence of microbial co-infection. Bacterial and Fungal co-infections increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. AIM To study the bacterial profile in patients with COVID-19 who needed admission to receive treatment in the main centres concerned with managing COVID-19 disease in the Kingdom of Bahrain. METHODS The study was a retrospective observational analysis of the bacterial profile and the bacterial resistance in patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease who needed admission to receive treatment in the main centres assigned to manage patients with COVID-19 disease in the Kingdom of Bahrain from February to October 2020. We used the electronic patients' records and the microbiology laboratory data to identify patients' demographics, clinical data, microbial profile, hospital or community-acquired, and the outcomes. RESULTS The study included 1380 patients admitted with confirmed COVID-19 disease during the study period. 51% were admitted from February to June, and 49% were admitted from July to October 2020, with a recurrence rate was 0.36%. There was a significant increase in bacterial and fungal co-infection in the second period compared to the first period. The most common isolated organisms were the gram-negative bacteria (mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli), the gram-positive bacteria (mainly coagulase negative Staphylococci, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungaemia (Candida galabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus niger). The hospital-acquired infection formed 73.8%, 61.6%, 100% gram-negative, gram-positive and fungaemia. Most of the hospital-acquired infection occurred in the second period with a higher death rate than community-acquired infections. CONCLUSION Bacterial and fungal co-infections in patients admitted with confirmed COVID-19 disease pose higher morbidity and mortality risks than those without co-infections. We should perform every effort to minimize these risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Pathology Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 00000, Bahrain
| | - Safaa Al-Khawaja
- Infection Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama 00000, Bahrain
| | - Jameela Alsalman
- Infection Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama 00000, Bahrain
| | - Safiya Almusawi
- Medical Microbiology Section, Pathology Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 00000, Bahrain
| | - Noor Ahmed Albalooshi
- Medical Microbiology Section, Pathology Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 00000, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Al-Biltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 00000, Bahrain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saeed NK, Al-Khawaja S, Alsalman J, Almusawi S, Albalooshi NA, Al-Biltagi M. Bacterial co-infection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 in the Kingdom of Bahrain. World J Virol 2021; 10:168-181. [PMID: 34367932 PMCID: PMC8316874 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v10.i4.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a significant challenge to the medical profession, increasing in the presence of microbial co-infection. Bacterial and Fungal co-infections increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19.
AIM To study the bacterial profile in patients with COVID-19 who needed admission to receive treatment in the main centres concerned with managing COVID-19 disease in the Kingdom of Bahrain.
METHODS The study was a retrospective observational analysis of the bacterial profile and the bacterial resistance in patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease who needed admission to receive treatment in the main centres assigned to manage patients with COVID-19 disease in the Kingdom of Bahrain from February to October 2020. We used the electronic patients’ records and the microbiology laboratory data to identify patients’ demographics, clinical data, microbial profile, hospital or community-acquired, and the outcomes.
RESULTS The study included 1380 patients admitted with confirmed COVID-19 disease during the study period. 51% were admitted from February to June, and 49% were admitted from July to October 2020, with a recurrence rate was 0.36%. There was a significant increase in bacterial and fungal co-infection in the second period compared to the first period. The most common isolated organisms were the gram-negative bacteria (mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli), the gram-positive bacteria (mainly coagulase negative Staphylococci, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungaemia (Candida galabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus niger). The hospital-acquired infection formed 73.8%, 61.6%, 100% gram-negative, gram-positive and fungaemia. Most of the hospital-acquired infection occurred in the second period with a higher death rate than community-acquired infections.
CONCLUSION Bacterial and fungal co-infections in patients admitted with confirmed COVID-19 disease pose higher morbidity and mortality risks than those without co-infections. We should perform every effort to minimize these risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Pathology Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 00000, Bahrain
- Microbiology Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Manama 00000, Bahrain
| | - Safaa Al-Khawaja
- Infection Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama 00000, Bahrain
- Department of Infectious Disease, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 00000, Bahrain
| | - Jameela Alsalman
- Infection Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama 00000, Bahrain
- Department of Infectious Disease, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 00000, Bahrain
| | - Safiya Almusawi
- Medical Microbiology Section, Pathology Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 00000, Bahrain
- Microbiology Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Manama 00000, Bahrain
| | - Noor Ahmed Albalooshi
- Medical Microbiology Section, Pathology Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 00000, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Al-Biltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 00000, Bahrain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 000000, Al Gharbia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Erdem H, Hargreaves S, Ankarali H, Caskurlu H, Ceviker SA, Bahar-Kacmaz A, Meric-Koc M, Altindis M, Yildiz-Kirazaldi Y, Kizilates F, Alsalman J, Cag Y, Kamal AHM, Dokmetas I, Dindar-Demiray EK, Shehata GA, Hasman H, Sadykova A, Llopis F, Ramosaco E, Logar M, Alay H, Kesmez-Can F, Ruch Y, Bulut D, Makek MJ, Marino A, Mahboob A, El-Kholy A, Abdallah D, Sefa-Sayar M, Karaali R, Aslan S, Dar RE, Abdalla E, Monzón-Camps H, Baljić R, Mgdalena DI, Naghili B, Abbas Dafalla ME, Alwashmi ASS, Carmen CR, Ramirez-Estrada S, Wojewodzka-Zelezniakowicz M, Akyildiz O, Zajkowska J, El-Sokkary R, Pandya N, Amer F, Alavi-Darazam I, Grgić S, Wegdan AA, El-Kholy J, Bulut-Avsar C, Kulzhanova S, Tasbakan M, Kumari HP, Dirani N, Koganti K, Konkayev AK, Petrov MM, Cascio A, Liskova A, Del Vecchio RF, Lambertenghi L, Mladenov N, Oncu S, Rello J. Managing adult patients with infectious diseases in emergency departments: international ID-IRI study. J Chemother 2021; 33:302-318. [PMID: 33734040 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2020.1863696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore factors for optimizing antimicrobial treatment in emergency departments. A single-day point prevalence survey was conducted on January 18, 2020, in 53 referral/tertiary hospitals in 22 countries. 1957 (17%) of 11557 patients presenting to EDs had infections. The mean qSOFA score was 0.37 ± 0.74. Sepsis (qSOFA ≥ 2) was recorded in 218 (11.1%) patients. The mean qSOFA score was significantly higher in low-middle (1.48 ± 0.963) compared to upper-middle (0.17 ± 0.482) and high-income (0.36 ± 0.714) countries (P < 0.001). Eight (3.7%) patients with sepsis were treated as outpatients. The most common diagnoses were upper-respiratory (n = 877, 43.3%), lower-respiratory (n = 316, 16.1%), and lower-urinary (n = 201, 10.3%) infections. 1085 (55.4%) patients received antibiotics. The most-commonly used antibiotics were beta-lactam (BL) and BL inhibitors (n = 307, 15.7%), third-generation cephalosporins (n = 251, 12.8%), and quinolones (n = 204, 10.5%). Irrational antibiotic use and inappropriate hospitalization decisions seemed possible. Patients were more septic in countries with limited resources. Hence, a better organizational scheme is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally Hargreaves
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Handan Ankarali
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Caskurlu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevil Alkan Ceviker
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kutahya Evliya Celebi Research and Education Hospital, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Asiye Bahar-Kacmaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mustafa Altindis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | | | - Filiz Kizilates
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Yasemin Cag
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Ilyas Dokmetas
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Hakan Hasman
- Emergency Department, Ankara Medicalpark Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ainur Sadykova
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, City Clinical Infectious Hospital, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ferran Llopis
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ergys Ramosaco
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, University Hospital Center "Mother Teresa", Tirana, Albania
| | - Mateja Logar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Handan Alay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kesmez-Can
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yvon Ruch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dilek Bulut
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | | | - Andrea Marino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Amjad Mahboob
- Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Dirar Abdallah
- Department of Intensive Care, Prime Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Merve Sefa-Sayar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | - Ridvan Karaali
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selda Aslan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cengiz Gokcek Maternity and Children's Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Razi Even Dar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Esam Abdalla
- Department of Anesthesia & ICU, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Helena Monzón-Camps
- Emergency Department and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitary Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Rusmir Baljić
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dumitru Irina Mgdalena
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Behrouz Naghili
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ameen S S Alwashmi
- Medical Laboratories Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cernat Roxana Carmen
- Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Ovidius University Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | | | | | - Ozay Akyildiz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Adana Acibadem Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Rehab El-Sokkary
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma Amer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ilad Alavi-Darazam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Svjetlana Grgić
- Clinic for Infectious Disease, University Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | | | - Cansu Bulut-Avsar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sholpan Kulzhanova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Meltem Tasbakan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Aidos K Konkayev
- Institution of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Michael M Petrov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Section, Department PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Serkan Oncu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Jordi Rello
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Autonma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Balkhy HH, El-Saed A, Al-Abri SS, Alsalman J, Alansari H, AL Maskari Z, El Gammal A, Al Nasser W, AlJardani A, Althaqafi A. Rates of central line-associated bloodstream infection in tertiary care hospitals in 3 Arabian gulf countries: 6-year surveillance study. Am J Infect Control 2017; 45:e49-e51. [PMID: 28318648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states with those of the U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) and International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) using pooled data from 6 hospitals in 3 GCC countries. The overall CLABSI rate was 3.1 per 1,000 central line days. After adjusting for differences in intensive care unit types, the risk of CLABSI in GCC hospitals was 146% higher than NHSN hospitals but 33% lower than INICC hospitals.
Collapse
|
10
|
Alsalman J, Zaid T, Makhlooq M, Madan M, Mohamed Z, Alarayedh A, Ghareeb A, Kamal N. A retrospective study of the epidemiology and clinical manifestation of invasive aspergillosis in a major tertiary care hospital in Bahrain. J Infect Public Health 2017; 10:49-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
|
11
|
Al Nasser W, El-Saed A, Al-Jardani A, Althaqafi A, Alansari H, Alsalman J, Maskari ZA, El Gammal A, Al-Abri SS, Balkhy HH. Rates of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in tertiary care hospitals in 3 Arabian Gulf countries: A 6-year surveillance study. Am J Infect Control 2016; 44:1589-1594. [PMID: 27692786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The true burden of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) remains largely unknown because of a lack of national and regional surveillance reports in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The purpose of this study was to estimate location-specific CAUTI rates in the GCC region and to compare them with published reports from the U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) and the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC). METHODS CAUTI rates and urinary catheter utilization between 2008 and 2013 were calculated using NHSN methodology pooled from 6 hospitals in 3 GCC countries: Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Bahrain. The standardized infection ratios of the CAUTIs were compared with published reports of the NHSN and INICC. RESULTS A total of 286 CAUTI events were diagnosed during 6 years of surveillance, covering 89,254 catheter days and 113,807 patient days. The overall CAUTI rate was 3.2 per 1,000 catheter days (95% confidence interval, 2.8-3.6), with an overall urinary catheter utilization of 0.78. The CAUTI rates showed a wide variability between participating hospitals, with approximately 80% reduction during the study. The overall compliance with the urinary catheter bundle implementation during the second half of the study was 65%. The risk of CAUTI in GCC hospitals was 35% higher than the NHSN hospitals, but 37% lower than the INICC hospitals. CONCLUSIONS CAUTI rates pooled from a sample of GCC hospitals are quite different from rates in both developing and developed countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Al Nasser
- Infection Prevention and Control, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman El-Saed
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Gulf Cooperation Council States and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Infection Prevention & Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amina Al-Jardani
- Gulf Cooperation Council States and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Infection Prevention & Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Infection Prevention and Control, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdulhakeem Althaqafi
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Alansari
- Infection Prevention and Control, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Jameela Alsalman
- Gulf Cooperation Council States and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Infection Prevention & Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Infection Prevention and Control, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | | | - Ayman El Gammal
- Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al hassa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seif S Al-Abri
- Gulf Cooperation Council States and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Infection Prevention & Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Infection Prevention and Control, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hanan H Balkhy
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Gulf Cooperation Council States and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Infection Prevention & Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
El-Saed A, Al-Jardani A, Althaqafi A, Alansari H, Alsalman J, Al Maskari Z, El Gammal A, Al Nasser W, Al-Abri SS, Balkhy HH. Ventilator-associated pneumonia rates in critical care units in 3 Arabian Gulf countries: A 6-year surveillance study. Am J Infect Control 2016; 44:794-8. [PMID: 27040565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data estimating the rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in critical patients in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are very limited. The aim of this study was to estimate VAP rates in GCC hospitals and to compare rates with published reports of the U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) and International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC). METHODS VAP rates and ventilator utilization between 2008 and 2013 were calculated from aggregate VAP surveillance data using NHSN methodology pooled from 6 hospitals in 3 GCC countries: Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Bahrain. The standardized infection ratios of VAP in GCC hospitals were compared with published reports of the NHSN and INICC. RESULTS A total of 368 VAP events were diagnosed during a 6-year period covering 76,749 ventilator days and 134,994 patient days. The overall VAP rate was 4.8 per 1,000 ventilator days (95% confidence interval, 4.3-5.3), with an overall ventilator utilization of 0.57. The VAP rates showed a wide variability between different types of intensive care units (ICUs) and were decreasing over time. After adjusting for the differences in ICU type, the risk of VAP in GCC hospitals was 217% higher than NHSN hospitals and 69% lower than INICC hospitals. CONCLUSIONS The risk of VAP in ICU patients in GCC countries is higher than pooled U.S. VAP rates but lower than pooled rates from developing countries participating in the INICC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiman El-Saed
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Gulf Cooperation Council States and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Infection Prevention & Control, Saudi Arabia; Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amina Al-Jardani
- Gulf Cooperation Council States and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Infection Prevention & Control, Saudi Arabia; Infection Prevention and Control, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdulhakeem Althaqafi
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Alansari
- Infection Prevention and Control, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Jameela Alsalman
- Gulf Cooperation Council States and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Infection Prevention & Control, Saudi Arabia; Infection Prevention and Control, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | | | - Ayman El Gammal
- Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al hassa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Al Nasser
- Infection Prevention and Control, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seif S Al-Abri
- Gulf Cooperation Council States and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Infection Prevention & Control, Saudi Arabia; Infection Prevention and Control, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hanan H Balkhy
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Gulf Cooperation Council States and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Infection Prevention & Control, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
El-Saed A, Balkhy HH, Alansari H, Althaqafi A, Alsalman J, Al Maskari Z, El Gammal A, Al Nasser W, Al Jardani A, Al-Abri SS. Rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critical care units in three Arabian Gulf countries; six-year surveillance study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2015. [PMCID: PMC4475213 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-4-s1-p245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
14
|
Alsalman JM, Alsalman J, Isa F, Ahmed B, Alrayees Z, Altitoon K, Al Sayegh A, Salem N. Successful application of World Health Organization multimodal strategy for hand hygiene. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239684 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-p256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|