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Oze I, Ito H, Koyanagi YN, Abe SK, Rahman MS, Islam MR, Saito E, Gupta PC, Sawada N, Tamakoshi A, Shu XO, Sakata R, Malekzadeh R, Tsuji I, Kim J, Nagata C, You SL, Park SK, Yuan JM, Shin MH, Kweon SS, Pednekar MS, Tsugane S, Kimura T, Gao YT, Cai H, Pourshams A, Lu Y, Kanemura S, Wada K, Sugawara Y, Chen CJ, Chen Y, Shin A, Wang R, Ahn YO, Shin MH, Ahsan H, Boffetta P, Chia KS, Qiao YL, Rothman N, Zheng W, Inoue M, Kang D, Matsuo K. Obesity is associated with biliary tract cancer mortality and incidence: A pooled analysis of 21 cohort studies in the Asia Cohort Consortium. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1174-1190. [PMID: 37966009 PMCID: PMC10873020 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Body fatness is considered a probable risk factor for biliary tract cancer (BTC), whereas cholelithiasis is an established factor. Nevertheless, although obesity is an established risk factor for cholelithiasis, previous studies of the association of body mass index (BMI) and BTC did not take the effect of cholelithiasis fully into account. To better understand the effect of BMI on BTC, we conducted a pooled analysis using population-based cohort studies in Asians. In total, 905 530 subjects from 21 cohort studies participating in the Asia Cohort Consortium were included. BMI was categorized into four groups: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2 ); normal (18.5-22.9 kg/m2 ); overweight (23-24.9 kg/m2 ); and obese (25+ kg/m2 ). The association between BMI and BTC incidence and mortality was assessed using hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by Cox regression models with shared frailty. Mediation analysis was used to decompose the association into a direct and an indirect (mediated) effect. Compared to normal BMI, high BMI was associated with BTC mortality (HR 1.19 [CI 1.02-1.38] for males, HR 1.30 [1.14-1.49] for females). Cholelithiasis had significant interaction with BMI on BTC risk. BMI was associated with BTC risk directly and through cholelithiasis in females, whereas the association was unclear in males. When cholelithiasis was present, BMI was not associated with BTC death in either males or females. BMI was associated with BTC death among females without cholelithiasis. This study suggests BMI is associated with BTC mortality in Asians. Cholelithiasis appears to contribute to the association; and moreover, obesity appears to increase BTC risk without cholelithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuriko N Koyanagi
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sarah Krull Abe
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md. Shafiur Rahman
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Md. Rashedul Islam
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiko Saito
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Prakash C. Gupta
- Healis - Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ritsu Sakata
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - San-Lin You
- School of Medicine & Big Data Research Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Myung-Hee Shin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | | | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Diseases Research institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yukai Lu
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Seiki Kanemura
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keiko Wada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chen
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yoon-Ok Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daehee Kang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Sheng BW, Zhang JQ, Chen M, Ma M. The inverse association between fasting blood glucose and the occurrence of gallbladder cancer in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a case-control study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10387-10398. [PMID: 37273108 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the correlation between diabetes mellitus (DM) and gallbladder cancer (GBC) in an epidemiological setting. METHODS The study summarized the clinical and laboratory data of 2210 GBC Chinese patients in the authors' hospital. A total of 17 influencing factors for GBC, including gender, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and lipid indexes were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Based on the results of univariate logistic regression, the risk of GBC was significantly and positively correlated with serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, FINS, HOMA-IR, being female, BMI, DM, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and gallbladder stone disease (GSD), and significantly negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein and FBG concentrations in serum, as well as hypertension. According to multivariate analysis, FINS was significantly positively associated with GBC risk, while DM showed an insignificant negative association; FBG was also not important. The most significant independent factor of GBC risk in patients with DM was HOMA-IR. Fasting blood glucose levels showed a significant negative relationship with GBC in patients with DM. In addition, this study indicated a significantly negative association between serum RBP levels and GBC. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current study revealed that the efficient treatment of insulin resistance is an important approach for decreasing GBC risk, as opposed to lowering blood sugar only, particularly in patients with DM. Interestingly, FBG may have had an inverse association with the development of GBC in patients with type 2 DM. Of note, the study found that a dramatic initial drop in RBP may help predict the occurrence of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Wu Sheng
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Jian-Qin Zhang
- Shaanxi Nutrition Society, Medical School, of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Chen
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mao Ma
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Mani R, Gupta A, Gupta S, Goyal B, Mishra R, Tandon A, Sharma O, Rohilla KK, Kishore S, Dhar P. Expression of ER, PR, and HER-2 Neu and correlation with tumor markers in gall bladder carcinoma. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1279-1287. [PMID: 37787296 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1754_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Females having a large proportion of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) and a higher incidence of gallstones pointed toward the role of sex hormones in GBC development. In this study, we evaluated the expression of Estrogen receptor (ER), Progesterone receptor (PR), and Her2/neu and their correlation with tumor markers and clinicopathological parameters in the GBC. Methods A total of 50 patients of GBC and 42 patients in control group undergoing surgery for other conditions were taken. The patient's biopsy sample's paraffin block was tested for ER, PR, and Her2/neu expression by immunohistochemistry. Results ER and PR had no significant expression in GBC and control group, but Her2/neu had 16% expression in GBC, significantly associated with the degree of differentiation with 62.5% (n-5) being well-differentiated; 75% of Her2/neu positive were in stages III and IV. Her2/neu did not correlate with tumor markers despite expression. Conclusions Her2/neu amplification is a small step in validating that option so it could be included in the treatment and prognostication of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishit Mani
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sweety Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bela Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rahul Mishra
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amoli Tandon
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Oshin Sharma
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kusum K Rohilla
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjeev Kishore
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Puneet Dhar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Trend analysis and risk of gallbladder cancer mortality in China, 2013-2019. Public Health 2022; 203:31-35. [PMID: 35026577 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a lack of comprehensive analysis of recent gallbladder cancer (GBC) mortality trends in China. This study aims to analyse trends in GBC mortality in China, with a specific focus on urban and rural area differences, and to determine possible risk factors. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS Data were accessed through the Chinese Health Statistics Annual Report for 31 provinces from 2013 to 2019. Age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) stratified by regions, gender and the years of diagnoses were analysed by Joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS The GBC ASMR was higher in females than in males and higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Mortality was primarily observed in individuals aged ≥65 years (in both sexes). A non-significant downward trend of GBC mortality was identified in urban areas from 2013 to 2019 (average annual percent change [AAPC] -1.50%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.49, 0.53). However, in rural areas, the ASMR significantly increased with an AAPC of 2.64% (95% CI: 1.15, 4.15) in males and 3.85% (95% CI: 2.17, 5.56) in females. The GBC mortality rate was positively related to red meat consumption. CONCLUSIONS The burden of GBC mortality in rural China cannot be ignored, as results from this study show significantly increasing trends in both females and males from 2013 to 2019. In addition, red meat consumption may play a vital role in the increasing GBC mortality rate.
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Shekher A, Tiwari AK, Awasthee N, Verma SS, Dixit VK, Sinha N, Gupta SC, Puneet. Genes involved in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis correlate with nuclear factor-κB in biliary tract cancer patients: Evidence from 1H NMR and computational analyses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158970. [PMID: 34023500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive malignancy of gastrointestinal tract. Due to uncontrolled growth, GBC cells rapidly synthesize biomolecules including lipids. The lipids are integral component of cell membrane with a wide range of cellular functions. In this study, we measured the clinicopathological features in 40 cases of histologically confirmed GBC and 16 cases of chronic cholecystitis (CC). The female to male ratio in the GBC and CC groups were 3.44:1 and 2.2:1, respectively. The GBC patients exhibited well to poorly differentiated tumor. In the CC group, all patients showed cholecystitis with no evidence of dysplasia or malignancy. The majority of GBC and CC patients reported pain. Using 1H NMR spectroscopy, we observed 4-folds increase in the level of choline containing phospholipids (CCPLs) in the gallbladder of GBC patients as compared to CC patients. Other lipid metabolites such as cholesterol ester, C18-cholesterol and saturated fatty acids were insignificantly changed between GBC and CC patients. Moreover, the level of CCPLs in the GBC patients with BMI <25 kg/m2 was significantly higher as compared to CC patients. Further, a significant increase in the CCPLs level was observed in GBC female patients in comparison to CC patients. From the computational analyses, we observed that the genes involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) indirectly interact with the RELA, which encodes the NF-κB p65 subunit. The genes involved in the PtdCho biosynthesis were also correlated with the overall and disease-free survival of cholangiocarcinoma patients. The study opens new window for exploring the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of CCPLs in GBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusmita Shekher
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Nikee Awasthee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Sumit Singh Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Dixit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226 014, India
| | - Subash Chandra Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India.
| | - Puneet
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Sulieman I, Elmoghazy W, El Ansari W, Elaffandi A, Khalaf H. Gallbladder cancer: 7-Year experience from Qatar. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2019; 44:33-38. [PMID: 31304011 PMCID: PMC6600590 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer (GC) is a relatively rare disease. To date, there are no studies describing the epidemiology of this disease in Qatar. OBJECTIVE To study the epidemiology of Gallbladder Cancer in Qatar. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the cases of GC in Hamad General Hospital in Qatar from 2009 to 2016. RESULTS Thirty-five patients presented with GC during the study period, 10 females (28.6%) and 25 males (71.4%). Fourteen patients (40%) were diagnosed incidentally after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 16 (48.6%) were diagnosed pathologically, and 4 (11.4%) were diagnosed radiologically. The median age at diagnosis was 54 years (31-78). 74.3% of the disease occurred in patients less than 60 years old. Metastatic disease was discovered in 25 patients (71.4%) versus no metastasis in 10 patients (28.6%). The most common sites for metastasis were the liver (42.9%), peritoneum (25.7%), and lymph nodes (25.7%). Curative central hepatic resection was done in 8 patients (22.9%). Pathology showed adenocarcinoma in 27 patients (77.1%), neuroendocrine tumor in 3 patients (8.6%) and high-grade dysplasia in 1 patient (2.9%). No histopathology was available for 4 patients (11.4%). Twenty-eight patients (80.0%) had regular follow up, with 22 (62.9%) still alive. Six patients (17.1%) died during follow up with survival after diagnosis ranging from 42 days to 6.8 years. CONCLUSIONS In Qatar, due to the unique demographics, GC is more common in males and younger age groups. Most of the patients present late with metastasis, but curative resection is associated with long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibnouf Sulieman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplant, Hamad General Hospital, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Walid Elmoghazy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplant, Hamad General Hospital, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Surgery, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Walid El Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
- School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, PO Box 408, 541 28, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Elaffandi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplant, Hamad General Hospital, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hatem Khalaf
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplant, Hamad General Hospital, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
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Odutola MK, Olukomogbon T, Igbinoba F, Otu TI, Ezeome E, Hassan R, Jedy-Agba E, Adebamowo SN. Cancers Attributable to Overweight and Obesity From 2012 to 2014 in Nigeria: A Population-Based Cancer Registry Study. Front Oncol 2019; 9:460. [PMID: 31245287 PMCID: PMC6579889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Overweight and obesity are known risk factors for chronic diseases including cancers. In this study, we evaluated the age standardized incidence rates (ASR) and proportion of cancers attributable to overweight and obesity in Nigeria. Methods: We obtained incidence data from the databases of two population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) in Nigeria (Abuja and Enugu cancer registries), on cancer site for which there is established evidence of an association with overweight or obesity based on the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) classification. We analyzed the data using population attributable fraction (PAF) for overweight or obesity associated cancers calculated using prevalence data and relative risk estimates in previous studies. Results: The two PBCRs reported 4,336 new cancer cases (ASR 113.9 per 100,000) from 2012 to 2014. Some 21% of these cancers were associated with overweight and obesity. The ASR for overweight and obesity associated cancers was 24.5 per 100,000; 40.7 per 100,000 in women and 8.2 per 100,000 in men. Overall, only 1.4% of incident cancers were attributable to overweight and obesity. The ASR of cancers attributable to overweight and obesity was 2.0 per 100,000. Postmenopausal breast cancer was the most common cancer attributable to overweight and obesity (n = 25; ASR 1.2 per 100,000). Conclusion: Our results suggest that a small proportion of incident cancer cases in Nigeria are potentially preventable by maintaining normal body weight. The burden of cancer attributed to overweight and obesity in Nigeria is relatively small, but it may increase in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Odutola
- Office of Strategic Information and Research, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Temitope Olukomogbon
- Office of Strategic Information and Research, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Theresa I. Otu
- Department of Hematology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Ezeome
- Department of Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Elima Jedy-Agba
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Sally N. Adebamowo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Research, Center for Research and Bioethics, Ibadan, Nigeria
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8
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Nemunaitis JM, Brown-Glabeman U, Soares H, Belmonte J, Liem B, Nir I, Phuoc V, Gullapalli RR. Gallbladder cancer: review of a rare orphan gastrointestinal cancer with a focus on populations of New Mexico. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:665. [PMID: 29914418 PMCID: PMC6006713 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a rare malignancy of the biliary tract with a poor prognosis, frequently presenting at an advanced stage. While rare in the United States overall, gallbladder cancer has an elevated incidence in geographically distinct locations of the globe including Chile, North India, Korea, Japan and the state of New Mexico in the United States. People with Native American ancestry have a much elevated incidence of gallbladder cancer compared to Hispanic and non-Hispanic white populations of New Mexico. Gallbladder cancer is also one of the few bi-gendered cancers with an elevated female incidence compared to men. Similar to other gastrointestinal cancers, gallbladder cancer etiology is likely multi-factorial involving a combination of genomic, immunological, and environmental factors. Understanding the interplay of these unique epidemiological factors is crucial in improving the prevention, early detection, and treatment of this lethal disease. Previous studies have failed to identify a distinct genomic mutational profile in gallbladder cancers, however, work to identify promising clinically actionable targets is this form of cancer is ongoing. Examples include, interest in the HER2/Neu signaling pathway and the recognition that chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in gallbladder cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of gallbladder cancer epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and treatment with a specific focus on the rural and Native American populations of New Mexico. We conclude this review by discussing future research directions with the goal of improving clinical outcomes for patients of this lethal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn M Nemunaitis
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ursa Brown-Glabeman
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Heloisa Soares
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jessica Belmonte
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ben Liem
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Itzhak Nir
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Victor Phuoc
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rama R Gullapalli
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Room 333A, MSC08-4640, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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