Comparison of maternal serum lipoproteins in normal pregnancy and primiparous patients with eclampsia

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women with preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction

Objective

To identify the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women with pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation.

Methods

This cross sectional study was conducted in Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad, from April 2022 to October 2022. Patients with history of intrauterine growth retardation or preeclampsia after 20 weeks of gestation, age more than 18 years were included in this study. Patients were assessed for cardiovascular risk factors during pregnancy.

Results

The average age and gestational age were almost equal in preeclampsia and IUGR patients, (p≤0.050). The primparous were higher in preeclampsia than IUGR, n=286 (73.5%) and n=80 (52.3%), respectively, (p=0.000). The average birth weight of IUGR was lower than preeclampsia patients, 925.19±6.35 gram and 1324.76±10.19 gram, respectively, (p=0.000). The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure of IUGR patients was less than preeclampsia patients, (p=0.000). But, the chronic hypertension was higher in preeclampsia patients n=99 (25.4%) as compare to IUGR n=13 (8.5%) patients, (p=0.000). The average cholesterol level in IUGR was 5.52±0.58(mmol/L) versus preeclampsia 5.34±1.01(mmol/L), (p=0.043). The average triglycerides was almost equal in both the groups, (p=0.924). The mean Lp(a) in preeclampsia patients was 177.15±20.15(mg/L) versus 202.94±24.83 (mg/L), (p=0.000).

Conclusion

Findings of this study help conclude that women with known history of IUGR or preeclampsia must be screened for possible cardiovascular risk factors and treated for these risk factors in order to avoid future mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular diseases.

Non-fasting lipids detection and their significance in pregnant women

BACKGROUND

The majority of pregnant women present an increase in lipids. To investigate the influence of the non-fasting state in the lipid and lipoprotein profile in pregnancy, we have aimed to assess the dynamic change of serum lipid and lipoprotein profile with serum glucose in pregnancy to contrast the differences between fasting and non-fasting state.

METHODS

Forty-five pregnant women and 41 controls were included in our study. All serum samples were assayed for TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoB, ApoA-1, Lp(a), sdLDL, and Glu concentrations. The comparison between pregnant women and controls (fasting and 2 h after breakfast), differences of these measurement results at three point-in-time, the associations between the concentrations of serum lipid and some maternal and fetus characteristics was conducted with statistical analysis.

RESULTS

Except Glu (p < 0.001), there were no significant differences of all lipids between three point-in-time in pregnant women (p > 0.1). The statistically higher levels were found in fasting TC (p = 0.003), TG (p = 0.019), LDL-C (p = 0.002), ApoB (p = 0.001), ApoA1 (p = 0.013) and sdLDL (p < 0.001) of pregnant women compared with controls. Besides, the statistically significances were also found in 2-h TC (p = 0.001), LDL-C (p = 0.001), ApoB (p < 0.001), Glu (p = 0.013), ApoA-1 (p = 0.009) and sdLDL (p < 0.001) of pregnant women compared with controls. Otherwise, in non-fasting status (2 h after breakfast), pregnancy complication was relevant to TC (p = 0.041), HDL-C (p = 0.014), Glu (p = 0.004). Delivery mode was relevant to TC (p = 0.012), HDL-C (p = 0.013), LDL-C (p = 0.026), ApoA-1 (p = 0.012), and sdLDL (p = 0.044). BMI was relevant to TG (p = 0.027).

CONCLUSION

We have suggested the non-fasting lipids detection can be used for estimate lipid metabolism in pregnant women.