1
|
Iyer V, Enthoven CA, van Dommelen P, van Samkar A, Groenewoud JH, Jaddoe VVW, Reijneveld SA, Klaver CCW. Rates of spectacle wear in early childhood in the Netherlands. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:409. [PMID: 35820880 PMCID: PMC9275042 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Refractive errors are relatively common all around the world. In particular, early onset myopia is associated with a significant burden in later life. Little is known about refractive errors in preschool children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of spectacle wear, visual acuity and refractive errors in young Dutch children. Methods We analyzed data of three prospective population-based studies: 99,660 3- to 5-year-olds undergoing vision screening at preventive child healthcare organizations, 6934 6-year-olds from the Generation R study, and 2974 7-year-olds from the RAMSES study. Visual acuity was measured with Landolt-C or LEA charts, spectacle wear was assessed, and refractive errors at age 6 and 7 were measured with cycloplegic refraction. Results The prevalence of spectacle wear ranged from 1.5 to 11.8% between 3 to 7 years with no significant gender differences. Among children with spectacle wear at 6 years (N = 583) and 7 years (N = 350) 29.8 and 34.6% had myopia respectively, of which 21.1 and 21.6% combined with astigmatism; 19.6 and 6.8% had hyperopia, 37.2 and 11.1% hyperopia and astigmatism, and 12.5 and 32.7% astigmatism only. Conclusions Spectacle wear in European children starts early in preschool and increases to a relatively frequent visual aid at school age. Advocating early detection and monitoring of refraction errors is warranted in order to prevent visual morbidities later in life. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03467-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthi Iyer
- Department of Child Health, TNO, PO Box 3005, Leiden, 2301DA, The Netherlands
| | - Clair A Enthoven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Paula van Dommelen
- Department of Child Health, TNO, PO Box 3005, Leiden, 2301DA, The Netherlands
| | - Ashwin van Samkar
- Resident in Elderly Medicine, Omring, Azalealaan 18, Lutjebroek, 1614SN, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent V W Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Child Health, TNO, PO Box 3005, Leiden, 2301DA, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboudumc, Postbus 9101, Nijmegen, 6500HB, The Netherlands. .,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Mittlere Street 91, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang L, Min Y, Jia Z, Wang Y, Zhang R, Sun B. Medical expenditure for strabismus: a hospital-based retrospective survey. COST EFFECTIVENESS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION 2022; 20:27. [PMID: 35752832 PMCID: PMC9233768 DOI: 10.1186/s12962-022-00363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The misconception of the purpose of strabismus treatment has, on the one hand, affected the motivation of strabismus patients to seek care and, on the other hand, has resulted in strabismus not being covered by health insurance, both of which interact to limit the motivation of strabismus patients and also impose a financial burden on strabismus patients. Previous studies on the cost of strabismus had only addressed the cost utility and functional and psychosocial benefits of strabismus surgery. The aim of this study was to estimate the direct medical expenditure incurred for strabismus surgery and analyze the trend for the period 2014–2019 using the data collected by local eye hospitals in northeast China. Methods This study was based on 6-year strabismus medical expenditure data collected from the eye hospital of the first affiliated hospital of Harbin medical university, covering 3596 strabismus patients who had strabismus surgery. All medical expenditure data were adjusted to 2014 using China’s annual consumer price index to remove the effects of inflation. Results The average direct medical expenditure for strabismus cares (in 2014) was 5309.6 CNY (US$870.4), and the annual growth rates from 2015 to 2019 (compared with the previous year) were 9.3, 7.7, 21.7, 14.5, and 4.3%, respectively. Surgical expenses accounted for the highest proportion (33.1%) of the total medical expenses followed by examinations expenses (19.7%) and medical consumables expenses (18.7%). The regression coefficient for general anaesthesia was 1804.5 and age was less than 0. Conclusion The average direct medical expenditure for strabismus increases year by year, and the growth rate is rapid. Anesthesia was the most important factor increasing medical cost, and age was negatively correlated with cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yiduo Min
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhiyan Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rihui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bitong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Danemayer J, Boggs D, Delgado Ramos V, Smith E, Kular A, Bhot W, Ramos-Barajas F, Polack S, Holloway C. Estimating need and coverage for five priority assistive products: a systematic review of global population-based research. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2021-007662. [PMID: 35101862 PMCID: PMC8804659 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To improve access to assistive products (APs) globally, data must be available to inform evidence-based decision-making, policy development and evaluation, and market-shaping interventions. METHODS This systematic review was undertaken to identify studies presenting population-based estimates of need and coverage for five APs (hearing aids, limb prostheses, wheelchairs, glasses and personal digital assistants) grouped by four functional domains (hearing, mobility, vision and cognition). RESULTS Data including 656 AP access indicators were extracted from 207 studies, most of which (n=199, 96%) were cross-sectional, either collecting primary (n=167) or using secondary (n=32) data. There was considerable heterogeneity in assessment approaches used and how AP indicators were reported; over half (n=110) used a combination of clinical and self-reported assessment data. Of 35 studies reporting AP use out of all people with functional difficulty in the corresponding functional domains, the proportions ranged from 4.5% to 47.0% for hearing aids, from 0.9% to 17.6% for mobility devices, and from 0.1% to 86.6% for near and distance glasses. Studies reporting AP need indicators demonstrated >60% unmet need for each of the five APs in most settings. CONCLUSION Variation in definitions of indicators of AP access have likely led to overestimates/underestimates of need and coverage, particularly, where the relationship between functioning difficulty and the need for an AP is complex. This review demonstrates high unmet need for APs globally, due in part to disparate data across this sector, and emphasises the need to standardise AP data collection and reporting strategies to provide a comparable evidence base to improve access to APs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Danemayer
- Department of Computer Science, Global Disability Innovation Hub, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dorothy Boggs
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Emma Smith
- Department of Psychology, Assisted Living and Learning Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Ariana Kular
- Department of Health Sciences, Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - William Bhot
- Department of Computer Science, Global Disability Innovation Hub, University College London, London, UK
| | - Felipe Ramos-Barajas
- Department of Computer Science, Global Disability Innovation Hub, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Polack
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Cathy Holloway
- Department of Computer Science, Global Disability Innovation Hub, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghaderi S, Hashemi H, Jafarzadehpur E, Yekta A, Ostadimoghaddam H, Mirzajani A, Khabazkhoob M. The prevalence and causes of visual impairment in seven‐year‐old children. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 101:380-385. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Ghaderi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Abbasali Yekta
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
| | - Hadi Ostadimoghaddam
- Refractive Errors Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
| | - Ali Mirzajani
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hashemi H, Pakzad R, Heydarian S, Yekta A, Aghamirsalim M, Shokrollahzadeh F, Khoshhal F, Pakbin M, Ramin S, Khabazkhoob M. Global and regional prevalence of strabismus: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Strabismus 2019; 27:54-65. [PMID: 31012389 DOI: 10.1080/09273972.2019.1604773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Despite the importance of information on the prevalence of strabismus, which can be effective in planning preventive and curative services, no study has addressed its prevalence comprehensively. In this study, a systematic search was done to estimate the regional and global prevalence of strabismus in different age and sex groups and factors affecting prevalence heterogeneity. Methods: A comprehensive and systematic search was done in different international databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, etc. to find published articles on the total prevalence of strabismus and the prevalence of exotropia and esotropia. A binomial distribution was used to calculate the prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI). The Cochran's Q-test and I2 were applied to evaluate heterogeneity and a random-effects model was used to assess the pooled prevalence. The Begg's test was administered to investigate publication bias and finally, a meta-regression method was applied to determine the factors affecting the heterogeneity among studies. Results: Of 7980 articles, 56 articles with a total sample size of 229,396 were analyzed. Many of these articles (n = 14) were from the Regional Office for the Americas. The estimated of pooled prevalence (95% CI) of any strabismus, exotropia, and esotropia was 1.93% (1.64-2.21), 1.23% (1.00-1.46), and 0.77% (0.59-0.95), respectively. The heterogeneity in prevalence of strabismus and its subtypes according to I2 was above 95% (p value <.001 for all). Age had a direct effect on heterogeneity in the prevalence of exotropia (b: 3.491; p: 0.002). Moreover, WHO region had a significant direct effect on heterogeneity in the prevalence of strabismus (b: 0.482; p < .001) and esotropia (b: 0.168; p: 0.027), and publication year had a significant direct effect on heterogeneity in the prevalence of exotropia (b: 0.059; p: 0.045). Sample size and publication year did not have any association with strabismus nor with other variables. There was no publication bias according to the Begg's test. Conclusion: The prevalence of strabismus varies widely in the world. As for factors affecting heterogeneity in the prevalence of strabismus, the results showed that age affected heterogeneity in the prevalence of exotropia, WHO region affected heterogeneity in the prevalence of strabismus and esotropia, and publication year affected heterogeneity in the prevalence of exotropia. Information about the global prevalence of strabismus can help health care planners design interventions and prioritize resource allocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- a Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital , Tehran
| | - Reza Pakzad
- b Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam
| | - Samira Heydarian
- c Department of rehabilitation science, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari
| | - Abbasali Yekta
- d Refractive Errors Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad
| | | | | | - Fahimeh Khoshhal
- f Department of Pediatrics, Dezful University of Medical Sciences , Dezful
| | - Mojgan Pakbin
- a Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital , Tehran
| | - Shahroukh Ramin
- g Department of Optometry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- h Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan X, Chen L, Yan H. Socio-economic status, visual impairment and the mediating role of lifestyles in developed rural areas of China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215329. [PMID: 30973943 PMCID: PMC6459527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the impacts of socio-economic status (SES) on visual impairment (VI), and the mediating role of lifestyles in developed rural areas of China. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among people living in rural districts of Tianjin, a developed municipality in China. An interviewer-administered survey along with free eye screenings was conducted with participants. The questionnaire included questions about demographic characteristics, SES, medical histories and lifestyles. Presenting visual acuity (PVA) and main causes of VI were identified by ophthalmologists. χ2 test was undertaken to determine whether significant differences (p<0.05) exist between VI and demographic, SES, medical history and lifestyle factors. A stepwise regression method was conducted to investigate whether lifestyles play mediating roles between SES and VI. Multivariable logistic and ordinal logistic regression were used contingent on different types of dependent variables in each regression, and adjusted odds ratio (OR) values were estimated. RESULTS Of the 12,233 participants, 6,233 were male (50.59%); the mean age was 34.61 years; 310 (2.54%) had VI. Hypertension, diabetes and cardiopathy were main medical histories, with 1,640 had hypertension (13.41%), 854 had diabetes (6.98%) and 483 had cardiopathy (3.95%). About SES factors, higher education level (Adjusted OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75-0.95) and higher income level (Adjusted OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.39-0.76), were significantly associated with VI in a gradient across severity of VI. Lifestyles including smoking (Adjusted OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.31-1.83) and drinking (Adjusted OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.06-1.74) played mediating roles between SES and VI when considering the full sample. Besides smoking and drinking, reading every week (Adjusted OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.53-2.82) and exercising more than 2h every day (Adjusted OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.15-1.00) also played mediating roles between SES and VI when considering the subsample (age≥16). CONCLUSION This study revealed the crucial impacts of SES factors on VI, and the mediating role played by several lifestyles. Targeted public health interventions for reducing VI should thus be proposed in developed rural areas of China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochang Yan
- School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Finance, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|