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Toda Nakamura M, Zhang H, Guo D, Ueharu H, Pan H, Scott G, Harris M, Ray M, Feng JQ, Harris SE, Bonewald LF, Mishina Y. Podoplanin is dispensable for mineralized tissue formation and maintenance in the Swiss outbred mouse background. Genesis 2021; 59:e23450. [PMID: 34487426 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Podoplanin, PDPN, is a mucin-type transmembrane glycoprotein widely expressed in many tissues, including lung, kidney, lymph nodes, and mineralized tissues. Its function is critical for lymphatic formation, differentiation of type I alveolar epithelial lung cells, and for bone response to biomechanical loading. It has previously been shown that Pdpn null mice die at birth due to respiratory failure emphasizing the importance of Pdpn in alveolar lung development. During the course of generation of Pdpn mutant mice, we found that most Pdpn null mice in the 129S6 and C57BL6/J mixed genetic background die at the perinatal stage, similar to previously published studies with Pdpn null mice, while all Pdpn null mice bred with Swiss outbred mice survived. Surviving mutant mice in the 129S6 and C57BL6/J mixed genetic background showed alterations in the osteocyte lacunocanalicular network, especially reduced osteocyte canaliculi in the tibial cortex with increased tibial trabecular bone. However, adult Pdpn null mice in the Swiss outbred background showed no overt differences in their osteocyte lacunocnalicular network, bone density, and no overt differences when challenged with exercise. Together, these data suggest that genetic variations present in the Swiss outbred mice compensate for the loss of function of PDPN in lung, kidney, and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Toda Nakamura
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dayong Guo
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Hiroki Ueharu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Haichun Pan
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Greg Scott
- Knock Out Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marie Harris
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,UT Health San Antonio, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Manas Ray
- Knock Out Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jiang Q Feng
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen E Harris
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,UT Health San Antonio, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health and Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Belulescu IC, Mărgăritescu C, Dumitrescu CI, Munteanu MC, Mărgăritescu OC. Immunophenotypical alterations with impact on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinomas. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:175-187. [PMID: 32747909 PMCID: PMC7728137 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is one of the most common malignant salivary glands neoplasms with an indolent clinical course, slow-growing but locally aggressive and quite often with delayed recurrence and distant metastasis. In order to elucidate this tumoral behavior, we conducted an immunohistochemical study investigating the alterations of epithelial phenotype with anti-cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3 and anti-E-cadherin antibodies, and the acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype with vimentin, fibronectin, N-cadherin and P-cadherin in salivary ACCs. Thus, we recorded a reduction of CK AE1/AE3, E-cadherin, P-cadherin and fibronectin reactivity in the solid variant and especially in the cells from the periphery of invasive neoplastic proliferations, regardless histological type. These phenotypical alterations suggest the involvement of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in the progression of salivary ACCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Cristiana Belulescu
- Department of Pathology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; ,
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LpMab-23-recognizing cancer-type podoplanin is a novel predictor for a poor prognosis of early stage tongue cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21156-21165. [PMID: 29765527 PMCID: PMC5940393 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We report that the reactivity of a novel monoclonal antibody LpMab-23 for human cancer-type podoplanin (PDPN) is a predictor for a poor prognosis of tongue cancer. Patients and Methods The association between LpMab-23-recognizing cancer-type PDPN expression and clinical/pathological features were analyzed on 60 patients with stage I and II tongue cancer treated with transoral resection of the primary tumor. Results In the mode of invasion, the LpMab-23-dull/negative cases were significantly larger in cases with low-grade malignancies and without late cervical lymph node metastasis, than in cases with high-grade malignancies and the metastasis. In the high-grade malignant cases, LpMab-23-positive cases were significantly larger than LpMab-23-dull/negative cases. The Kaplan–Meier curves of the five-year metastasis-free survival rate (MFS) were significantly lower in the LpMab-23 positive patients than in LpMab-23 dull/negative patients. The LpMab-23-dull/negative cases showed the highest MFS in all of the clinical/pathological features and particularly, the MFS of the LpMab-23 positive cases decreased to less than 60% in the first year. In the Cox proportional hazard regression models a comparison of the numbers of LpMab-23 dull/negative with positive cases showed the highest hazard ratio with statistical significance in all of the clinical/pathological features. Conclusions LpMab-23 positive cases may be considered to present a useful predictor of poor prognosis for early stage tongue cancer.
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Olauson H, Mencke R, Hillebrands JL, Larsson TE. Tissue expression and source of circulating αKlotho. Bone 2017; 100:19-35. [PMID: 28323144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
αKlotho (Klotho), a type I transmembrane protein and a coreceptor for Fibroblast Growth Factor-23, was initially thought to be expressed only in a limited number of tissues, most importantly the kidney, parathyroid gland and choroid plexus. Emerging data may suggest a more ubiquitous Klotho expression pattern which has prompted reevaluation of the restricted Klotho paradigm. Herein we systematically review the evidence for Klotho expression in various tissues and cell types in humans and other mammals, and discuss potential reasons behind existing conflicting data. Based on current literature and tissue expression atlases, we propose a classification of tissues into high, intermediate and low/absent Klotho expression. The functional relevance of Klotho in organs with low expression levels remain uncertain and there is currently limited data on a role for membrane-bound Klotho outside the kidney. Finally, we review the evidence for the tissue source of soluble Klotho, and conclude that the kidney is likely to be the principal source of circulating Klotho in physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Olauson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rik Mencke
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias E Larsson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Takara K, Maruo N, Oka K, Kaji C, Hatakeyama Y, Sawa N, Kato Y, Yamashita J, Kojima H, Sawa Y. Morphological study of tooth development in podoplanin-deficient mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171912. [PMID: 28222099 PMCID: PMC5319687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin is a mucin-type highly O-glycosylated glycoprotein identified in several somatyic cells: podocytes, alveolar epithelial cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, lymph node stromal fibroblastic reticular cells, osteocytes, odontoblasts, mesothelial cells, glia cells, and others. It has been reported that podoplanin-RhoA interaction induces cytoskeleton relaxation and cell process stretching in fibroblastic cells and osteocytes, and that podoplanin plays a critical role in type I alveolar cell differentiation. It appears that podoplanin plays a number of different roles in contributing to cell functioning and growth by signaling. However, little is known about the functions of podoplanin in the somatic cells of the adult organism because an absence of podoplanin is lethal at birth by the respiratory failure. In this report, we investigated the tooth germ development in podoplanin-knockout mice, and the dentin formation in podoplanin-conditional knockout mice having neural crest-derived cells with deficiency in podoplanin by the Wnt1 promoter and enhancer-driven Cre recombinase: Wnt1-Cre;PdpnΔ/Δmice. In the Wnt1-Cre;PdpnΔ/Δmice, the tooth and alveolar bone showed no morphological abnormalities and grow normally, indicating that podoplanin is not critical in the development of the tooth and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenyo Takara
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Maruo
- Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Oka
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kaji
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naruhiko Sawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Regional Innovation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junro Yamashita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kojima
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sawa
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Tomooka M, Kaji C, Kojima H, Sawa Y. Distribution of podoplanin-expressing cells in the mouse nervous systems. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2013; 46:171-7. [PMID: 24610964 PMCID: PMC3929615 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin is a mucin-type glycoprotein which was first identified in podocytes. Recently, podoplanin has been successively reported as a marker for brain and peripheral nerve tumors, however, the distribution of podoplanin-expressing cells in normal nerves has not been fully investigated. This study aims to examine the podoplanin-expressing cell distribution in the mouse head and nervous systems. An immunohistochemical study showed that the podoplanin-positive areas in the mouse peripheral nerve and spinal cord are perineurial fibroblasts, satellite cells in the dorsal root ganglion, glia cells in the ventral and dorsal horns, and schwann cells in the ventral and dorsal roots; in the cranial meninges the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater; in the eye the optic nerve, retinal pigment epithelium, chorioidea, sclera, iris, lens epithelium, corneal epithelium, and conjunctival epithelium. In the mouse brain choroid plexus and ependyma were podoplanin-positive, and there were podoplanin-expressing brain parenchymal cells in the nuclei and cortex. The podoplanin-expressing cells were astrocyte marker GFAP-positive and there were no differences in the double positive cell distribution of several portions in the brain parenchyma except for the fornix. The results suggest that podoplanin may play a common role in nervous system support cells and eye constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Tomooka
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Chiaki Kaji
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Hiroshi Kojima
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Yoshihiko Sawa
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College
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An in vitro culture system for long-term expansion of epithelial and mesenchymal salivary gland cells: role of TGF-β1 in salivary gland epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:815895. [PMID: 23841093 PMCID: PMC3690740 DOI: 10.1155/2013/815895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite a pivotal role in salivary gland development, homeostasis, and disease, the role of salivary gland mesenchyme is not well understood. In this study, we used the Col1a1-GFP mouse model to characterize the salivary gland mesenchyme in vitro and in vivo. The Col1a1-GFP transgene was exclusively expressed in the salivary gland mesenchyme. Ex vivo culture of mixed salivary gland cells in DMEM plus serum medium allowed long-term expansion of salivary gland epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The role of TGF-β1 in salivary gland development and disease is complex. Therefore, we used this in vitro culture system to study the effects of TGF-β1 on salivary gland cell differentiation. TGF-β1 induced the expression of collagen, and inhibited the formation of acini-like structures in close proximity to mesenchymal cells, which adapted a fibroblastic phenotype. In contrast, TGF-βR1 inhibition increased acini genes and fibroblast growth factors (Fgf-7 and Fgf-10), decreased collagen and induced formation of larger, mature acini-like structures. Thus, inhibition of TGF-β signaling may be beneficial for salivary gland differentiation; however, due to differential effects of TGF-β1 in salivary gland epithelial versus mesenchymal cells, selective inhibition is desirable. In conclusion, this mixed salivary gland cell culture system can be used to study epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and the effects of differentiating inducers and inhibitors.
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Hartman ML, Groppo F, Ohnishi M, Goodson JM, Hasturk H, Tavares M, Yaskell T, Floras C, Behbehani K, Razzaque MS. Can salivary phosphate levels be an early biomarker to monitor the evolvement of obesity? CONTRIBUTIONS TO NEPHROLOGY 2013; 180:138-48. [PMID: 23652556 PMCID: PMC3896993 DOI: 10.1159/000346793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate is an essential nutrient required for important biological reactions that maintain the normal homoeostatic control of the cell. The adverse effects of phosphate metabolism in obesity have not been studied in detail, chiefly because such an association is thought to be uncommon. However, in some animal models of obesity, serum phosphate levels were noted to be higher than the nonobese controls. For example, leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice become severely obese and have high serum phosphate levels. In this study, we analyzed the phosphate content in saliva collected from children (n = 77; 10.5 ± 1.8) to evaluate association with body mass index; there is a significant increase of salivary phosphate content in obese compared to normal-weight children (ANOVA p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient (r) between BMI and phosphate was 0.33 (p = 0.0032). Our results suggest that the human salivary phosphate level may be an early biomarker of the genesis of obesity in children. The diagnostic importance lies in the fact that the salivary phosphate level could provide a noninvasive predictive marker in the development of obesity. Further studies will be required to understand the underlying mechanism of increased salivary phosphate accumulation in obese and overweight children. Nevertheless, its occurrence without systemic changes could be of diagnostic value, particularly in monitoring evolvement of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor-Li Hartman
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Francisco Groppo
- Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mutsuko Ohnishi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - J. Max Goodson
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Mary Tavares
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Tina Yaskell
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Constantino Floras
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Mass
| | | | - Mohammed S. Razzaque
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA
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Uchiyama T, Takata S, Ishikawa H, Sawa Y. Altered dynamics in the renal lymphatic circulation of type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2013; 46:97-104. [PMID: 23720608 PMCID: PMC3661779 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of the renal lymphatic circulation in diabetic nephropathy is not fully elucidated. The present study evaluated the effect of diabetic nephropathy on the renal lymphatic circulation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice (ICR-STZ) and in type 2 diabetic KK/Ta mice which were fed a high fat diet (KK/Ta-HF). The diabetic mouse kidneys developed edema because of the nephropathy. In control mice renal lymphatic vessels distributed in the cortex but rarely in the medulla while in ICR-STZ and KK/Ta-HF mice, there were many lymphatic vessels with small lumen in both cortex and medulla. Total numbers and areas of renal blood vessels in the diabetic mice were similar to those in the controls while the total numbers and areas of renal lymphatic vessels were larger in diabetic mice than in the controls. There were statistically significant differences in the numbers of lymphatic vessels with diameters of 50–100 µm between the ICR-STZ and the control ICR mice, and in the numbers of lymphatic capillaries with diameters smaller than 50 µm between the KK/Ta-HF and the control KK/Ta mice. The diabetic nephropathy may induce the lymphangiogenesis or result in at least the renal lymphatic vessel expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shunsuke Takata
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | | | - Yoshihiko Sawa
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College
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Takata S, Sawa Y, Uchiyama T, Ishikawa H. Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Glomerular Endothelial Cells under Diabetic Conditions. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2013; 46:35-42. [PMID: 23554538 PMCID: PMC3596605 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic conditions promote glomerulosclerosis by mesangial cells but the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. The present study evaluated the expression of toll-like receptor 4 in glomerular endothelial cells in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mouse (ICR-STZ) and the type 2 diabetic KK/TaJcl mouse which were fed a high fat diet feed (KK/Ta-HF). In the ICR-STZ and KK/Ta-HF almost glomeruli were immunostained with anti-TLR4 but there was no glomerulus immunostained by ani-TLR4 in the control ICR and KK/Ta. Laser-scanning confocal microscopy showed that the TLR4-positive region did not coincide with the podoplanin-positive region but coincide with the PECAM-1- and VE-cadherin-positive regions in the glomeruli of the ICR-STZ and KK/Ta-HF. The in situ hybridization showed that almost signals for TLR4 mRNA were present in the glomerulus of the ICR-STZ and KK/Ta-HF to a stronger extent than in the control ICR and KK/Ta. These suggest that glomerular endothelial cells usually express the TLR4 gene and hyperglycemia in the diabetic condition induces the TLR4 protein expression in the glomerular capillary endothelial cells. Cytokine productions through the TLR signaling pathway in glomerular endothelial cells may allow mesangial cells to produce extracellular matrix proteins in the diabetic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Takata
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Yoshihiko Sawa
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College
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