1
|
Esposito M, Amory JK, Kang Y. The pathogenic role of retinoid nuclear receptor signaling in cancer and metabolic syndromes. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20240519. [PMID: 39133222 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20240519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The retinoid nuclear receptor pathway, activated by the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid, has been extensively investigated for over a century. This study has resulted in conflicting hypotheses about how the pathway regulates health and how it should be pharmaceutically manipulated. These disagreements arise from a fundamental contradiction: retinoid agonists offer clear benefits to select patients with rare bone growth disorders, acute promyelocytic leukemia, and some dermatologic diseases, yet therapeutic retinoid pathway activation frequently causes more harm than good, both through acute metabolic dysregulation and a delayed cancer-promoting effect. In this review, we discuss controlled clinical, mechanistic, and genetic data to suggest several disease settings where inhibition of the retinoid pathway may be a compelling therapeutic strategy, such as solid cancers or metabolic syndromes, and also caution against continued testing of retinoid agonists in cancer patients. Considerable evidence suggests a central role for retinoid regulation of immunity and metabolism, with therapeutic opportunities to antagonize retinoid signaling proposed in cancer, diabetes, and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Esposito
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Kayothera, Inc , Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Princeton Branch , Princeton, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hushmandi K, Saadat SH, Mirilavasani S, Daneshi S, Aref AR, Nabavi N, Raesi R, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M. The multifaceted role of SOX2 in breast and lung cancer dynamics. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155386. [PMID: 38861919 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Breast and lung cancers are leading causes of death among patients, with their global mortality and morbidity rates increasing. Conventional treatments often prove inadequate due to resistance development. The alteration of molecular interactions may accelerate cancer progression and treatment resistance. SOX2, known for its abnormal expression in various human cancers, can either accelerate or impede cancer progression. This review focuses on examining the role of SOX2 in breast and lung cancer development. An imbalance in SOX2 expression can promote the growth and dissemination of these cancers. SOX2 can also block programmed cell death, affecting autophagy and other cell death mechanisms. It plays a significant role in cancer metastasis, mainly by regulating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, an imbalanced SOX2 expression can cause resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy in these cancers. Genetic and epigenetic factors may affect SOX2 levels. Pharmacologically targeting SOX2 could improve the effectiveness of breast and lung cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiavash Hushmandi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Seyed Hassan Saadat
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seyedalireza Mirilavasani
- Campus Venlo, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Salman Daneshi
- Department of Public Health,School of Health,Jiroft University of Medical Sciences,Jiroft, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6 Canada
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Department of Nursing, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hermawan A, Putri H, Hanif N, Fatimah N, Prasetio HH. Identification of potential target genes of honokiol in overcoming breast cancer resistance to tamoxifen. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1019025. [PMID: 36601474 PMCID: PMC9806337 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1019025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Honokiol (HON) inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and increases the activity of erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, in human head and neck cancers. In this study, using a bioinformatics approach and in vitro experiments, we assessed the target genes of HON against breast cancer resistance to tamoxifen (TAM). Materials and methods Microarray data were obtained from GSE67916 and GSE85871 datasets to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DEGs common between HON-treated and TAM-resistant cells were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed. Selected genes were analyzed for genetic alterations, expression, prognostic value, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC). TAM-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7 TAM-R) cells were generated and characterized for their resistance toward TAM. A combination of HON and TAM was used for cytotoxicity and gene expression analyses. Molecular docking was performed using the Molecular Operating Environment software. Results PPI network analysis revealed that FN1, FGFR2, and RET were the top three genes with the highest scores. A genetic alteration study of potential target genes revealed MMP16 and ERBB4 as the genes with the highest alterations among the breast cancer samples. Pathway enrichment analysis of FGFR2, RET, ERBB4, SOX2, FN1, and MMP16 showed that the genetic alterations herein were likely to impact the RTK-Ras pathway. The expression levels of RET, MMP16, and SOX2 were strongly correlated with prognostic power, with areas under the ROC curves (AUC) of 1, 0.8, and 0.8, respectively. The HON and TAM combination increased TAM cytotoxicity in MCF-7 TAM-R cells by regulating the expression of potential target genes ret, ERBB4, SOX2, and FN1, as well as the TAM resistance regulatory genes including HES1, VIM, PCNA, TP53, and CASP7. Molecular docking results indicated that HON tended to bind RET, ErbB4, and the receptor protein Notch1 ankyrin domain more robustly than its native ligand. Conclusion HON could overcome breast cancer resistance to TAM, potentially by targeting FGFR2, RET, ERBB4, MMP16, FN1, and SOX2. However, further studies are required to validate these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hermawan
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,*Correspondence: Adam Hermawan,
| | - Herwandhani Putri
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Naufa Hanif
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Fatimah
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Heri Himawan Prasetio
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Inoue S, Imanishi M, Kanzaki A, Fujimoto A, Maeyama M, Okamoto A, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa K, Takahashi R. Role of Cancer Stem-like Cells in the Process of Invasion and Mesenchymal Transformation by a Reconstituted Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cell Population Resistant to p53-induced Apoptosis. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2022; 55:169-184. [PMID: 36405550 PMCID: PMC9631983 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.22-00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in a population of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells that are resistant to apoptosis. A human breast cancer cell population capable of inducing p53 expression with doxycycline (Dox) was created and used as an untreated control (UT). After the addition of Dox to UT for 5 days, the cell population reconstituted with cells showing resistance to apoptosis was named RE. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunostaining revealed that after the addition of Dox, the ratio of cells in the S and G2/M phases decreased in UT as apoptosis proceeded, but did not markedly change in apoptosis-resistant RE. CSC-like cells in RE exhibited a cell morphology with a larger ratio of the major/minor axis than UT. FACS showed that RE had a higher proportion of CSC-like cells and contained more CD44+CD24- mesenchymal CSCs than ALDH1A3+ epithelial-like CSCs. In a Matrigel invasion assay, UT was more likely to form a three-dimensional cell population, whereas RE exhibited a planar population, higher migration ability, and the up-regulated expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes. These results provide insights into the mechanisms by which TNBC cells acquire treatment resistance at the time of recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Imanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ai Kanzaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsumi Fujimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marina Maeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroka Matsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rei Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lei X, He Q, Li Z, Zou Q, Xu P, Yu H, Ding Y, Zhu W. Cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer and the association with chemotherapy resistance. Med Oncol 2021; 38:43. [PMID: 33738588 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) have always been among the highest in the world, although the diagnosis and treatment are becoming more and more advanced. At present, the main reason is that patients have acquired drug resistance after long-term conventional drug treatment. An increasing number of evidences confirm the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a group of special cells in cancer, only a small part of cancer cells. These special cell populations are not eliminated by chemotherapeutic drugs and result in tumor recurrence and metastasis after drug treatment. CSCs have the ability of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, which is associated with the occurrence and development of cancer. CSCs can be screened and identified by related surface markers. In this paper, the characteristic surface markers of CSCs in CRC and the related mechanism of drug resistance will be discussed in detail. A better understanding of the mechanism of CSCs resistance to chemotherapy may lead to better targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinglian He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pingrong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haibing Yu
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuanlin Ding
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Koual M, Tomkiewicz C, Guerrera IC, Sherr D, Barouki R, Coumoul X. Aggressiveness and Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells Co-Cultured with Preadipocytes and Exposed to an Environmental Pollutant Dioxin: An in Vitro and in Vivo Zebrafish Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:37002. [PMID: 33683140 PMCID: PMC7939125 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health concern, and its prognosis is very poor once metastasis occurs. The tumor microenvironment and chemical pollution have been suggested recently to contribute, independently, to the development of metastatic cells. The BC microenvironment consists, in part, of adipocytes and preadipocytes in which persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can be stored. OBJECTIVES We aimed to test the hypothesis that these two factors (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an extensively studied, toxic POP and the microenvironment) may interact to increase tumor aggressiveness. METHODS We used a co-culture model using BC MCF-7 cells or MDA-MB-231 cells together with hMADS preadipocytes to investigate the contribution of the microenvironment and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin TCDD on BC cells. Global differences were characterized using a high-throughput proteomic assay. Subsequently we measured the BC stem cell-like activity, analyzed the cell morphology, and used a zebrafish larvae model to study the metastatic potential of the BC cells. RESULTS We found that coexposure to TCDD and preadipocytes modified BC cell properties; moreover, it induced the expression of ALDH1A3, a cancer stem cell marker, and the appearance of giant cancer cells with cell-in-cell structures (CICs), which are associated with malignant metastatic progression, that we demonstrated in vivo. DISCUSSION The results of our study using BC cell lines co-cultured with preadipocytes and a POP and an in vivo zebrafish model of metastasis suggest that the interactions between BC cells and their microenvironment could affect their invasive or metastatic potential. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7102.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Koual
- UMR-S1124, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm), T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie Cancérologique Gynécologique et du Sein, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Céline Tomkiewicz
- UMR-S1124, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm), T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, Paris, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Plateforme protéomique 3P5-Necker, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Université de Paris, US24/CNRS UMS3633, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - David Sherr
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Barouki
- UMR-S1124, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm), T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- UMR-S1124, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm), T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou H, Yan Y, Zhang X, Zhao T, Xu J, Han R. Ginseng polysaccharide inhibits MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation by activating the inflammatory response. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:229. [PMID: 33149784 PMCID: PMC7604739 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng polysaccharide (GPS) is known for its efficacy in cancer therapy; however, its regulatory mechanism in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. To analyze the effect of GPS on BC cell proliferation, cell proliferation rate calculations, western blotting, plasmid transfections, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed. GPS treatment in the culture cell medium inhibited cell proliferation in the BC cell line MDA-MB-231. In addition, the E-cadherin level was enhanced while the vimentin level was suppressed following GPS treatment (both P<0.05). Furthermore, the levels of apoptotic markers, including cleaved-Caspase-3 and p53, and inflammatory response markers, including plasminogen activator inhibitor and TNF-α, were induced by GPS treatment in MDA-MB-231 cells (all P<0.05). These results indicated that GPS supplementation activated the inflammatory response and apoptosis in BC cells. GPS treatment activated the phosphorylation levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, Akt and NF-κB. In MDA-MB-231 cells, GPS resulted in the accumulation of the NF-κB components p65, p50 and Ikaros family zing finger protein 1 (IKZF1; all, P<0.05). Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that p65 bound to the IKZF1 promoter. The overexpression of IKZF1 or p65 inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation (P<0.05), indicating that GPS treatment may inhibit BC cell proliferation by the activation of IKZF1. Taken together, these results suggested that GPS significantly inhibited BC cell proliferation via the control of the biological processes, including the activation of p65-IKZF1 signaling and apoptosis. The data indicated a novel mechanism for further understanding of cancer cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Yan
- Department of Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xianbo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jiangang Xu
- Department of Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Ruokuo Han
- Department of Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ashrafizadeh M, Taeb S, Hushmandi K, Orouei S, Shahinozzaman M, Zabolian A, Moghadam ER, Raei M, Zarrabi A, Khan H, Najafi M. Cancer and SOX proteins: New insight into their role in ovarian cancer progression/inhibition. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105159. [PMID: 32818654 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors are potential targets in disease therapy, particularly in cancer. This is due to the fact that transcription factors regulate a variety of cellular events, and their modulation has opened a new window in cancer therapy. Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) proteins are potential transcription factors that are involved in developmental processes such as embryogenesis. It has been reported that abnormal expression of SOX proteins is associated with development of different cancers, particularly ovarian cancer (OC). In the present review, our aim is to provide a mechanistic review of involvement of SOX members in OC. SOX members may suppress and/or promote aggressiveness and proliferation of OC cells. Clinical studies have also confirmed the potential of transcription factors as diagnostic and prognostic factors in OC. Notably, studies have demonstrated the relationship between SOX members and other molecular pathways such as ST6Ga1-I, PI3K, ERK and so on, leading to more complexity. Furthermore, SOX members can be affected by upstream mediators such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and so on. It is worth mentioning that the expression of each member of SOX proteins is corelated with different stages of OC. Furthermore, their expression determines the response of OC cells to chemotherapy. These topics are discussed in this review to shed some light on role of SOX transcription factors in OC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Taeb
- Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Orouei
- MSc. Student, Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey; Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ni W, Xia Y, Luo L, Wen F, Hu D, Bi Y, Qi J. High expression of ALDH1A3 might independently influence poor progression-free and overall survival in patients with glioma via maintaining glucose uptake and lactate production. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:569-582. [PMID: 31642564 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have found that the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) gene is a marker of glioma stem cells. A total of 115 brain glioma specimens were collected and classified into grade I-IV, while non-tumor brain tissue specimens, taken from 12 patients of vascular malformation surgery, were used as control. ALDH1A3 gene promoter methylation in glioma tissues was detected by pyrosequencing, while immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect ALDH1A3 protein expressions in different grades of glioma tissues and normal brain tissues. The expression of ALDH1A3 in the glioma cell line U87 was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and RNA-Seq technology was applied to investigate differentially expressed genes before and after silencing the ALDH1A3 gene. Among the 115 glioma tissue specimens, 50 (43.48%) showed low and 65 (56.52%) high expression of ALDH1A3, but no expression was detected in the control. Univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses showed that the patient's tumor pathological grade, the methylation status of ALDH1A3 promoter, and the expression of ALDH1A3 protein were risk factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (all P < 0.05) and the OS of mice with silenced ALDH1A3 in a glioma nude mouse model was prolonged. U87 experiments revealed that ALDH1A3 expression had significant effects on apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential, glucose consumption, lactate production, invasion ability, and expression of the pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and hexokinase 2 (HK2) in glioma cells. ALDH1A3 protein expression is a marker for poor PFS and OS in glioma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yunnan Cancer Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yaoxiong Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yunnan Cancer Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yunnan Cancer Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Fan Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yunnan Cancer Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Dong Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yunnan Cancer Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yuxu Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yunnan Cancer Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Junhui Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650021, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
El Sayed H, Shalaby S, Abdel-Halim MRE, Aboelfadl DM, Samir N. Efficacy of doxycycline in the treatment of early stages of mycosis fungoides: a randomized controlled trial. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 32:424-431. [PMID: 31526286 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1667474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycosis fungoides is the most common type of primary cutaneous T cell lymphomas. Doxycycline promoted apoptosis in different human malignant cell lines and in vivo models. OBJECTIVES To test for the therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline in comparison to PUVA in early stages of classic MF and its effect on T cell apoptosis. METHODS Thirty-six patients were randomized into either: doxycycline 200 mg daily (n = 18) or PUVA (3 weekly sessions) (n = 18) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome (therapeutic efficacy) was defined in terms of objective response rate (ORR) which was measured according to changes in the modified severity weighted assessment tool (mSWAT). RESULTS Doxycycline achieved significantly less ORR (partial response) in comparison to PUVA (11.1%, 50%, respectively, p = .016). The percent reduction in mSWAT, CAILS, histopathology score and CD3 expression was significantly less in the doxycycline group (p = .001, p = .001, p ˂ .001, and p = .004, respectively). Within the doxycycline group, changes in mSWAT and CAILS showed no correlation with changes in the CD3 or Bcl-2 expression. Gastric upset was significantly more encountered in the doxycycline group (p = .001). CONCLUSION Doxycycline is not suitable as a sole agent in the treatment of early stages of classic MF, acting mainly by anti-inflammatory rather apoptotic function. REGISTER NUMBER NCT03454945 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H El Sayed
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Aini University Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - S Shalaby
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Aini University Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M R E Abdel-Halim
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Aini University Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - D M Aboelfadl
- Pathology Department, National Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N Samir
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Aini University Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
NF-YA transcriptionally activates the expression of SOX2 in cervical cancer stem cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215494. [PMID: 31365524 PMCID: PMC6668781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Roles for SOX2 have been extensively studied in several types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, glioblastoma and breast cancer, with particular emphasis placed on the roles of SOX2 in cancer stem cell. Our previous study identified SOX2 as a marker in cervical cancer stem cells driven by a full promoter element of SOX2 EGFP reporter. Here, dual-luciferase reporter and mutagenesis analyses were employed, identifying key cis-elements in the SOX2 promoter, including binding sites for SOX2, OCT4 and NF-YA factors in SOX2 promoter. Mutagenesis analysis provided additional evidence to show that one high affinity-binding domain CCAAT box was precisely recognized and bound by the transcription factor NF-YA. Furthermore, overexpression of NF-YA in primitive cervical cancer cells SiHa and C33A significantly activated the transcription and the protein expression of SOX2. Collectively, our data identified NF-YA box CCAAT as a key cis-element in the SOX2 promoter, suggesting that NF-YA is a potent cellular regulator in the maintenance of SOX2-positive cervical cancer stem cell by specific transcriptional activation of SOX2.
Collapse
|
12
|
Vassalli G. Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Not Just Markers, but Functional Regulators of Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3904645. [PMID: 30733805 PMCID: PMC6348814 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3904645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a superfamily of enzymes that detoxify a variety of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes and are required for the biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA) and other molecular regulators of cellular function. Over the past decade, high ALDH activity has been increasingly used as a selectable marker for normal cell populations enriched in stem and progenitor cells, as well as for cell populations from cancer tissues enriched in tumor-initiating stem-like cells. Mounting evidence suggests that ALDH not only may be used as a marker for stem cells but also may well regulate cellular functions related to self-renewal, expansion, differentiation, and resistance to drugs and radiation. ALDH exerts its functional actions partly through RA biosynthesis, as all-trans RA reverses the functional effects of pharmacological inhibition or genetic suppression of ALDH activity in many cell types in vitro. There is substantial evidence to suggest that the role of ALDH as a stem cell marker comes down to the specific isoform(s) expressed in a particular tissue. Much emphasis has been placed on the ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 members of the ALDH1 family of cytosolic enzymes required for RA biosynthesis. ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 regulate cellular function in both normal stem cells and tumor-initiating stem-like cells, promoting tumor growth and resistance to drugs and radiation. An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which ALDH regulates cellular function will likely open new avenues in many fields, especially in tissue regeneration and oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Izawa Y, Kashii-Magaribuchi K, Yoshida K, Nosaka M, Tsuji N, Yamamoto A, Kuroyanagi K, Tono K, Tanihata M, Imanishi M, Onishi M, Sakiyama M, Inoue S, Takahashi R. Stem-like Human Breast Cancer Cells Initiate Vasculogenic Mimicry on Matrigel. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2018; 51:173-183. [PMID: 30647492 PMCID: PMC6328367 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.18041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), referring to vasculogenic structures lined by tumor cells, can be distinguished from angiogenesis, and is responsible for the aggressiveness and metastatic potential of tumors. HCC1937/p53 cells were derived from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and used to investigate the roles of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the formation of VM. HCC1937/p53 cells formed mesh-like structures on matrigel culture in which expression of VM-related genes, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 was confirmed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In immunofluorescence microscopy, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)1A3+ cells with properties of CSCs or progenitors and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3)+ cells with more differentiated characteristics were localized in the bridging region and aggregated region of VM structures, respectively. In fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, ALDH+ cells, considered to be a subpopulation of CSCs sorted by the aldefluor assay, exhibited marked VM formation on matrigel in 24 hr, whereas ALDH− cells did not form VM, indicating possible roles of CSCs in VM formation. The stem-like cancer cells resistant to p53-induced apoptosis, which expressed a high rate of ALDH1A3 and Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box binding protein-2 (Sox-2), completed VM formation much faster than the control. These findings may provide clues to elucidate the significance of VM formed by treatment-resistant CSCs in the metastatic potential and poor prognosis associated with TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Izawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
| | | | - Kana Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
| | - Mayu Nosaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
| | - Nanami Tsuji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
| | - Ai Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
| | - Kana Kuroyanagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
| | - Kanoko Tono
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
| | - Misato Tanihata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
| | - Moe Imanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
| | - Momoka Onishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
| | - Mayu Sakiyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
| | - Sana Inoue
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
| | - Rei Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Puttini S, Plaisance I, Barile L, Cervio E, Milano G, Marcato P, Pedrazzini T, Vassalli G. ALDH1A3 Is the Key Isoform That Contributes to Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity and Affects in Vitro Proliferation in Cardiac Atrial Appendage Progenitor Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:90. [PMID: 30087899 PMCID: PMC6066537 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDHhi) activity has been reported in normal and cancer stem cells. We and others have shown previously that human ALDHhi cardiac atrial appendage cells are enriched with stem/progenitor cells. The role of ALDH in these cells is poorly understood but it may come down to the specific ALDH isoform(s) expressed. This study aimed to compare ALDHhi and ALDHlo atrial cells and to identify the isoform(s) that contribute to ALDH activity, and their functional role. Methods and Results: Cells were isolated from atrial appendage specimens from patients with ischemic and/or valvular heart disease undergoing heart surgery. ALDHhi activity assessed with the Aldefluor reagent coincided with primitive surface marker expression (CD34+). Depending on their ALDH activity, RT-PCR analysis of ALDHhi and ALDHlo cells demonstrated a differential pattern of pluripotency genes (Oct 4, Nanog) and genes for more established cardiac lineages (Nkx2.5, Tbx5, Mef2c, GATA4). ALDHhi cells, but not ALDHlo cells, formed clones and were culture-expanded. When cultured under cardiac differentiation conditions, ALDHhi cells gave rise to a higher number of cardiomyocytes compared with ALDHlo cells. Among 19 ALDH isoforms known in human, ALDH1A3 was most highly expressed in ALDHhi atrial cells. Knocking down ALDH1A3, but not ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, ALDH2, ALDH4A1, or ALDH8A1 using siRNA decreased ALDH activity and cell proliferation in ALDHhi cells. Conversely, overexpressing ALDH1A3 with a retroviral vector increased proliferation in ALDHlo cells. Conclusions: ALDH1A3 is the key isoform responsible for ALDH activity in ALDHhi atrial appendage cells, which have a propensity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. ALDH1A3 affects in vitro proliferation of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Puttini
- Cardiovascular Department, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Plaisance
- Cardiovascular Department, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cervio
- Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Cardiovascular Department, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Paola Marcato
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Cardiovascular Department, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cardiovascular Department, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|