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Jiacheng D, Jiayue C, Ying G, Shaohua W, Wenhui L, Xinyu H. Research progress and challenges of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in gliomas. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:123. [PMID: 39334448 PMCID: PMC11437992 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunosuppressants provides new therapeutic directions for various advanced malignant cancers. At present, PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppressants have made significant progress in clinical trials of some gliomas, but PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have not yet shown convincing clinical efficacy in gliomas. This article summarizes the research progress of the PD-1 /PD-L1 pathway in gliomas through the following three aspects. It mainly includes the complex expression levels and regulatory mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 in the glioma microenvironment, the immune infiltration in glioma immunosuppressive microenvironment, and research progress on the application of PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppressants in clinical treatment trials for gliomas. This will help to understand the current treatment progress and future research directions better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jiacheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jilin Provincial Hospital, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Cui Jiayue
- Department of Histology and Embryology, The School of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Guo Ying
- Department of Histology and Embryology, The School of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Wang Shaohua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Liu Wenhui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, The School of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Hong Xinyu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jilin Provincial Hospital, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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2
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Kim KS, Lee C, Kim HS, Gu SJ, Yoon HJ, Won SB, Lee H, Lee YS, Kim SS, Kane LP, Park EJ. TIM-3 on myeloid cells promotes pulmonary inflammation through increased production of galectin-3. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1090. [PMID: 39237613 PMCID: PMC11377825 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) exhibits unique, cell type- and context-dependent characteristics and functions. Here, we report that TIM-3 on myeloid cells plays essential roles in modulating lung inflammation. We found that myeloid cell-specific TIM-3 knock-in (FSF-TIM3/LysM-Cre+) mice have lower body weight and shorter lifespan than WT mice. Intriguingly, the lungs of FSF-TIM3/LysM-Cre+ mice display excessive inflammation and features of disease-associated pathology. We further revealed that galectin-3 levels are notably elevated in TIM-3-overexpressing lung-derived myeloid cells. Furthermore, both TIM-3 blockade and GB1107, a galectin-3 inhibitor, ameliorated lung inflammation in FSF-TIM3/LysM-Cre+/- mice. Using an LPS-induced lung inflammation model with myeloid cell-specific TIM-3 knock-out mice, we demonstrated the association of TIM-3 with both lung inflammation and galectin-3. Collectively, our findings suggest that myeloid TIM-3 is an important regulator in the lungs and that modulation of TIM-3 and galectin-3 could offer therapeutic benefits for inflammation-associated lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Sun Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanju Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
- Immuno-oncology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong Gu
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Yoon
- Immuno-oncology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Won
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
- Immuno-oncology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sun Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Radiological Science Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Lawrence P Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea.
- Immuno-oncology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Wang Q, Hu X, Wei Z, Lu H, Liu H. Reinforcement learning-driven exploration of peptide space: accelerating generation of drug-like peptides. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae444. [PMID: 39256196 PMCID: PMC11387070 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Using amino acid residues in peptide generation has solved several key problems, including precise control of amino acid sequence order, customized peptides for property modification, and large-scale peptide synthesis. Proteins contain unknown amino acid residues. Extracting them for the synthesis of drug-like peptides can create novel structures with unique properties, driving drug development. Computer-aided design of novel peptide drug molecules can solve the high-cost and low-efficiency problems in the traditional drug discovery process. Previous studies faced limitations in enhancing the bioactivity and drug-likeness of polypeptide drugs due to less emphasis on the connection relationships in amino acid structures. Thus, we proposed a reinforcement learning-driven generation model based on graph attention mechanisms for peptide generation. By harnessing the advantages of graph attention mechanisms, this model effectively captured the connectivity structures between amino acid residues in peptides. Simultaneously, leveraging reinforcement learning's strength in guiding optimal sequence searches provided a novel approach to peptide design and optimization. This model introduces an actor-critic framework with real-time feedback loops to achieve dynamic balance between attributes, which can customize the generation of multiple peptides for specific targets and enhance the affinity between peptides and targets. Experimental results demonstrate that the generated drug-like peptides meet specified absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties and bioactivity with a success rate of over 90$\%$, thereby significantly accelerating the process of drug-like peptide generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Rd, 266100 Shandong, China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Rd, 266100 Shandong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wei
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Rd, 266100 Shandong, China
| | - Hao Lu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Rd, 266100 Shandong, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Rd, 266100 Shandong, China
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Kalkusova K, Taborska P, Stakheev D, Rataj M, Smite S, Darras E, Albo J, Bartunkova J, Vannucci L, Smrz D. Impaired Proliferation of CD8 + T Cells Stimulated with Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Previously Matured with Thapsigargin-Stimulated LAD2 Human Mast Cells. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:5537948. [PMID: 39056014 PMCID: PMC11272405 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5537948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are essential for adaptive immunity against infection and tumors. Their ability to proliferate after stimulation is crucial to their functionality. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that induce their proliferation. Here, we show that thapsigargin-induced LAD2 mast cell (MC) line-released products can impair the ability of monocyte-derived DCs to induce CD8+ T-cell proliferation and the generation of Th1 cytokine-producing T cells. We found that culture medium conditioned with LAD2 MCs previously stimulated with thapsigargin (thapsLAD2) induces maturation of DCs as determined by the maturation markers CD80, CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR. However, thapsLAD2-matured DCs produced no detectable TNFα or IL-12 during the maturation. In addition, although their surface expression of PD-L1 was comparable with the immature or TLR7/8-agonist (R848)-matured DCs, their TIM-3 expression was significantly higher than in immature DCs and even much higher than in R848-matured DCs. In addition, contrary to R848-matured DCs, the thapsLAD2-matured DCs only tended to induce enhanced proliferation of CD4+ T cells than immature DCs. For CD8+ T cells, this tendency was not even detected because thapsLAD2-matured and immature DCs comparably induced their proliferation, which contrasted with the significantly enhanced proliferation induced by R848-matured DCs. Furthermore, these differences were comparably recapitulated in the ability of the tested DCs to induce IFNγ- and IFNγ/TNFα-producing T cells. These findings show a novel mechanism of MC-mediated regulation of adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kalkusova
- Department of ImmunologySecond Faculty of MedicineCharles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Taborska
- Department of ImmunologySecond Faculty of MedicineCharles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry Stakheev
- Department of ImmunologySecond Faculty of MedicineCharles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rataj
- Department of ImmunologySecond Faculty of MedicineCharles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sindija Smite
- Department of ImmunologySecond Faculty of MedicineCharles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elea Darras
- Department of ImmunologySecond Faculty of MedicineCharles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Albo
- Department of ImmunologySecond Faculty of MedicineCharles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Department of ImmunologySecond Faculty of MedicineCharles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Laboratory of ImmunotherapyInstitute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Smrz
- Department of ImmunologySecond Faculty of MedicineCharles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of ImmunotherapyInstitute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Zheng W, Ao D, Cao Q, Liu A, Lv M, Sun Z, Zhang H, Zheng W, Chen N, Zhu J. Porcine TLR8 signaling and its anti-infection function are disturbed by immune checkpoint receptor TIM-3 via inhibition of P13K-AKT pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132018. [PMID: 38702002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8), an important innate immune receptor recognizing single stranded RNA and the antiviral imidazoquinoline compounds, can activate intracellular signaling pathway and produce an inflammatory response to kill and eliminate pathogens. However, the molecular regulation mechanisms of TLR8 signaling and its anti-infection activity are not fully elucidated. Our previous transcriptome analysis of porcine TLR8 (pTLR8) signaling suggested the immune checkpoint receptor TIM-3 as the potential regulator for pTLR8. Here we investigated TIM-3 in the regulation of pTLR8 signaling and its anti-infection activity. Our results showed that porcine TIM-3 is upregulated by pTLR8 signaling and TIM-3 inhibits pTLR8 signaling activity in a negative feedback way. Accordingly, TIM-3 disturbs pTLR8 mediated anti-bacterial and anti-viral activity. Mechanistically, TIM-3 suppresses PI3K-AKT pathway by inhibiting the TLR8-PI3K p85 interaction and subsequent AKT phosphorylation which is essential for TLR8 signaling and anti-infection activity. Therefore, our study reveals new insights into innate immune TLR8 signaling and its anti-infection function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangli Zheng
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Da Ao
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Anjing Liu
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengjia Lv
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ziyan Sun
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | | | - Wanglong Zheng
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nanhua Chen
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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6
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Wang L, Wang S, Zhang J, Peng J, Cheng B, Li H, Hu Q. Radiotherapy upregulated immune checkpoints contribute to the development of second primary OSCC. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2188-2201. [PMID: 37213085 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Radiation injury is common after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Radiotherapy can reshape the immune microenvironment and cause immunosuppression, including dysregulation of immune checkpoints (ICs). However, the relationship between oral ICs expression after radiation and the development of second primary tumors is unclear. METHODS Clinical specimens of second primary oral squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy (s-OSCC) and primary OSCC (p-OSCC) were collected. The expression and prognostic value of PD-1, VISTA, and TIM-3 were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. To further clarify the relationship between radiation and ICs alteration, a rat model was constructed to explore the spatiotemporal changes of ICs in the oral mucosa after radiation. RESULTS In carcinoma tissue, the expression of TIM-3 was higher in s-OSCC than in p-OSCC, while the expression of PD-1 and VISTA was similar between the groups. In para-carcinoma tissue, the expression of PD-1, VISTA, and TIM-3 was higher in s-OSCC. High ICs expression was associated with poor survival. In the rat model, ICs were locally upregulated in the irradiated tongue. Moreover, there was a bystander effect, in which the ICs were also upregulated in the unirradiated site. CONCLUSION Radiation may upregulate ICs expression in oral mucosa and contribute to the development of s-OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Peng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinchao Hu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Manandhar P, Szymczak-Workman AL, Kane LP. Tim-3 Is Not Required for Establishment of CD8+ T Cell Memory to Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:466-474. [PMID: 38108417 PMCID: PMC10906969 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tim-3 is a transmembrane protein that is best known for being highly expressed on terminally exhausted CD8+ T cells associated with chronic infection and tumors, although its expression is not limited to those settings. Tim-3 is also expressed by CD8+ T cells during acute infection and by multiple other immune cell types, including CD4+ Th1 and regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells. In this study, we investigated the role of Tim-3 signaling on CD8+ T cell memory using a Tim-3 conditional knockout mouse model and mice lacking the signaling portion of the Tim-3 cytoplasmic domain. Together, our results indicate that Tim-3 has at most a modest effect on the formation and function of CD8+ memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Manandhar
- Dept. of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | | | - Lawrence P. Kane
- Dept. of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Al Shahrani M, Gahtani RM, Makkawi M. C-5401331 identified as a novel T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) inhibitor to control acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell proliferation. Med Oncol 2024; 41:63. [PMID: 38265498 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) is a checkpoint protein expressed in exhausted T-cells during cancer scenarios. This exhaustion may end in T-cell effector dysfunction, resulting in suboptimal control of cancers like acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to block checkpoint receptors such as Tim-3 is an emerging, revolutionary concept in the immuno-oncology therapeutic arena; however, ICIs are not effective on myeloid malignancies. Here, a multifaceted approach is utilized to identify novel compounds that target and inhibit Tim-3 with improved efficacy. High-throughput virtual screening of the ChemBridge small molecule library and molecular dynamics simulation yielded a lead molecule C-5401331 predicted to bind with high affinity and inhibit the activity of Tim-3. In vitro evaluations demonstrated the compound to have anti-proliferative effects on Tim-3-positive populations of THP-1 and HC-5401331 AML cells, inducing early and late phase apoptosis. With further development, the lead molecule identified in this work has potential to aid the natural "gatekeeper" functions of the body in immunocompromised AML cancer patients by successfully hampering the binding of Tim-3 to T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfer Al Shahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Makkawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
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Adhikary S, Pathak S, Palani V, Acar A, Banerjee A, Al-Dewik NI, Essa MM, Mohammed SGAA, Qoronfleh MW. Current Technologies and Future Perspectives in Immunotherapy towards a Clinical Oncology Approach. Biomedicines 2024; 12:217. [PMID: 38255322 PMCID: PMC10813720 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is now established as a potent therapeutic paradigm engendering antitumor immune response against a wide range of malignancies and other diseases by modulating the immune system either through the stimulation or suppression of immune components such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. By targeting several immune checkpoint inhibitors or blockers (e.g., PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4, LAG3, and TIM-3) expressed on the surface of immune cells, several monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies have been developed and already translated clinically. In addition, natural killer cell-based, dendritic cell-based, and CAR T cell therapies have been also shown to be promising and effective immunotherapeutic approaches. In particular, CAR T cell therapy has benefited from advancements in CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology, allowing the generation of several modified CAR T cells with enhanced antitumor immunity. However, the emerging SARS-CoV-2 infection could hijack a patient's immune system by releasing pro-inflammatory interleukins and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10, and IFN-γ and TNF-α, respectively, which can further promote neutrophil extravasation and the vasodilation of blood vessels. Despite the significant development of advanced immunotherapeutic technologies, after a certain period of treatment, cancer relapses due to the development of resistance to immunotherapy. Resistance may be primary (where tumor cells do not respond to the treatment), or secondary or acquired immune resistance (where tumor cells develop resistance gradually to ICIs therapy). In this context, this review aims to address the existing immunotherapeutic technologies against cancer and the resistance mechanisms against immunotherapeutic drugs, and explain the impact of COVID-19 on cancer treatment. In addition, we will discuss what will be the future implementation of these strategies against cancer drug resistance. Finally, we will emphasize the practical steps to lay the groundwork for enlightened policy for intervention and resource allocation to care for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamay Adhikary
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Vignesh Palani
- Faculty of Medicine, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Ahmet Acar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Türkiye;
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Nader I. Al-Dewik
- Department of Pediatrics, Women’s Wellness and Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 00974, Qatar;
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | | | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Division, Q3 Research Institute (QRI), Ypsilanti, MI 48917, USA
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10
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Crimini E, Boscolo Bielo L, Berton Giachetti PPM, Pellizzari G, Antonarelli G, Taurelli Salimbeni B, Repetto M, Belli C, Curigliano G. Beyond PD(L)-1 Blockade in Microsatellite-Instable Cancers: Current Landscape of Immune Co-Inhibitory Receptor Targeting. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:281. [PMID: 38254772 PMCID: PMC10813411 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
High microsatellite instability (MSI-H) derives from genomic hypermutability due to deficient mismatch repair function. Colorectal (CRC) and endometrial cancers (EC) are the tumor types that more often present MSI-H. Anti-PD(L)-1 antibodies have been demonstrated to be agnostically effective in patients with MSI-H cancer, but 50-60% of them do not respond to single-agent treatment, highlighting the necessity of expanding their treatment opportunities. Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4) is the only immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) non-targeting PD(L)-1 that has been approved so far by the FDA for MSI-H cancer, namely, CRC in combination with nivolumab. Anti-TIM3 antibody LY3321367 showed interesting clinical activity in combination with anti-PDL-1 antibody in patients with MSI-H cancer not previously treated with anti-PD(L)-1. In contrast, no clinical evidence is available for anti-LAG3, anti-TIGIT, anti-BTLA, anti-ICOS and anti-IDO1 antibodies in MSI-H cancers, but clinical trials are ongoing. Other immunotherapeutic strategies under study for MSI-H cancers include vaccines, systemic immunomodulators, STING agonists, PKM2 activators, T-cell immunotherapy, LAIR-1 immunosuppression reversal, IL5 superagonists, oncolytic viruses and IL12 partial agonists. In conclusion, several combination therapies of ICIs and novel strategies are emerging and may revolutionize the treatment paradigm of MSI-H patients in the future. A huge effort will be necessary to find reliable immune biomarkers to personalize therapeutical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Crimini
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Boscolo Bielo
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Maria Berton Giachetti
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Pellizzari
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Antonarelli
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Taurelli Salimbeni
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Matteo Repetto
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carmen Belli
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (G.P.); (G.A.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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11
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Sauer N, Janicka N, Szlasa W, Skinderowicz B, Kołodzińska K, Dwernicka W, Oślizło M, Kulbacka J, Novickij V, Karłowicz-Bodalska K. TIM-3 as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy in a wide range of tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3405-3425. [PMID: 37567938 PMCID: PMC10576709 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3) expression has been a trending topic in recent years due to its differential expression in a wide range of neoplasms. TIM-3 is one of the key immune checkpoint receptors that interact with GAL-9, PtdSer, HMGB1 and CEACAM1. Initially identified on the surface of T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes and later on cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs), monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells (NKs), and dendritic cells (DCs), TIM-3 plays a key role in immunoregulation. Recently, a growing body of evidence has shown that its differential expression in various tumor types indicates a specific prognosis for cancer patients. Here, we discuss which types of cancer TIM-3 can serve as a prognostic factor and the influence of coexpressed immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as LAG-3, PD-1, and CTLA-4 on patients' outcomes. Currently, experimental medicine involving TIM-3 has significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effect and improved patient survival. In this work, we summarized clinical trials incorporating TIM-3 targeting monoclonal and bispecific antibodies in monotherapy and combination therapy and highlighted the emerging role of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Janicka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Wioletta Dwernicka
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Julita Kulbacka
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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12
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Bhati T, Ray A, Arora R, Siraj F, Parvez S, Rastogi S. Immune regulation by activation markers at feto-maternal interface in infection-associated spontaneous preterm birth. Cytokine 2023; 170:156336. [PMID: 37595415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a global health concern. Studies reveal infections are majorly responsible for sPTB and immune activation markers play a role in regulation of maternal immune responses against pathogens during sPTB. AIM To study the mRNA expression and correlation of activation markers (CD66a, ICAM1, ITGB1, TIM3, CD25, CD95) and associated cytokines (IL-1β and IL-17)/prostaglandin receptors (EP2 and IP) in the placenta of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum-infected sPTB women. METHODS Placental samples were collected from 160 sPTB and 160 term birth women. PCR was used for the detection of C. trachomatis, M. hominis, U. urealyticum. The mRNA expression of activation markers, cytokines and prostaglandin receptors was evaluated by real-time qPCR. RESULTS The fold-change expression of CD66a, ICAM1, TIM3, CD25 and CD95 was 2.89, 5.5, 4.95, 6.44 and 6.95-fold (p < 0.001), respectively; while for cytokines- IL-1β and IL-17 was 5.41 and 4.71-fold (p < 0.001), respectively and for prostaglandin receptors- EP2 and IP was 5.5 and 5-fold (p < 0.001) upregulated, respectively in infected sPTB women. Significant positive correlation was obtained among ICAM-1 and IL-1β/EP2/IL-17, TIM3 and IP/IL-17. Significant negative correlation was obtained between CD66a and EP2/IL-17, CD25 and IL-1β/EP2, CD95 and IL-1β/EP2 in infected sPTB women. CONCLUSIONS CD66a, ICAM1 and TIM3 may play role in inflammation and have potential for the clinical beginning of preterm labour during infection while CD25 and CD95 are possibly involved in immunotolerance at feto-maternal interface during C. trachomatis, M. hominis and U. urealyticum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Bhati
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Sriramachari Bhawan, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Post Box no. 4909, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ankita Ray
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Sriramachari Bhawan, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Post Box no. 4909, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Renu Arora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College (VMMC) and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Fouzia Siraj
- Pathology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Sriramachari Bhawan, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Post Box no. 4909, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sangita Rastogi
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Sriramachari Bhawan, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Post Box no. 4909, New Delhi 110029, India.
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13
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Hsieh MC, Yu WC, Weng CC, Chen WJ, Chen CK, Lee YC, Chen MH. Elevated serum levels of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing molecule 3 in patients with systemic inflammation following COVID-19 vaccination. J Chin Med Assoc 2023; 86:818-825. [PMID: 37481764 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been widely used. Some unexpected adverse effects such as the development of systemic hyper inflammation with multiorgan involvement after vaccination, in rare cases, have been reported. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. METHODS This study recruited two cases who suffered from systemic inflammation following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and two 30-year-old male volunteers without underlying disease who have received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine as control group. Blood samples were collected from our patients and healthy subjects before and after treatment with anti-inflammatory agent such as glucocorticoid and tocilizumab. The immune profile from our patients and healthy controls were measured using a human XL cytokine Proteome Profiler array (ARY022b, R&D Systems). RESULTS Biochemical parameters revealed leukocytosis with segmented neutrophil dominance and elevated serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and ferritin in these two patients. The cytokine array revealed that mean levels of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) (3640.3 vs 1580.5 pixels per inch [ppi]), B-cell activating factor (BAFF) (3036.8 vs 1471.0 ppi), urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (uPAR) (1043.1 vs 516.8 ppi), Resistin (1783.7 vs 711.3 ppi), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB/BB (1980.7 vs 939.7 ppi), macrophage inflammatory protein-3-beta (MIP-3β) (911.9 vs 346.2 ppi), and interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC) (1026.3 vs 419.7 ppi) were 2-fold higher in the patients than in normal subjects who received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that systemic inflammation may occur in subjects who have received the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. Moreover, we proposed immune markers, which may be implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation following COVID-19 vaccination as potential diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chieh Hsieh
- Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chung Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Chi Weng
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Shu-Tien Urological Institute, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Ku Chen
- Division of Cardiopulmonary Radiology, Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Chi Lee
- Division of Cardiopulmonary Radiology, Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Han Chen
- Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Kelly PA, Browne J, Peters S, Bell F, McKay JS, Lara-Saez I, Breathnach R. Gene expression analysis of Canine Demodicosis; A milieu promoting immune tolerance. Vet Parasitol 2023; 319:109954. [PMID: 37163871 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Canine demodicosis is a common skin disease seen in companion animal practice that results from an overpopulation of the commensal Demodex mite species. Common predisposing factors to the development of canine demodicosis include immunosuppressive diseases, such as neoplasia and hypothyroidism, and administration of immunosuppressive therapies, such as corticosteroids. Despite this, the pathogenesis of development of canine demodicosis remains unclear. Previous studies have implicated a role for increased expression of toll like receptor 2 (TLR2), increased production of interleukin (IL)-10) and T cell exhaustion. Here, we investigate gene expression of formalin fixed paraffin embedded skin samples from twelve cases of canine demodicosis in comparison to twelve healthy controls, using a 770 gene panel (NanoString Canine IO Panel). Results show an increase in the T cell population, specifically Th1 and Treg cells in dogs with demodicosis. In addition, while there is an upregulation of immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-13, there is also an upregulation of immune check point molecules including PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. These findings suggest that Demodex spp. mites are modulating the host immune system to their advantage through upregulation of several immune tolerance promoting pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Kelly
- University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - John Browne
- University College Dublin, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Susan Peters
- University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Frazer Bell
- University of Glasgow, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer S McKay
- IDEXX Laboratories, Grange House, Sandbeck Way, Wetherby LS22 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Lara-Saez
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rory Breathnach
- University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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15
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Wang K, Xuan Z, Liu X, Zheng M, Yang C, Wang H. Immunomodulatory role of metalloproteinase ADAM17 in tumor development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059376. [PMID: 36466812 PMCID: PMC9715963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAM17 is a member of the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family of transmembrane proteases involved in the shedding of some cell membrane proteins and regulating various signaling pathways. More than 90 substrates are regulated by ADAM17, some of which are closely relevant to tumor formation and development. Besides, ADAM17 is also responsible for immune regulation and its substrate-mediated signal transduction. Recently, ADAM17 has been considered as a major target for the treatment of tumors and yet its immunomodulatory roles and mechanisms remain unclear. In this paper, we summarized the recent understanding of structure and several regulatory roles of ADAM17. Importantly, we highlighted the immunomodulatory roles of ADAM17 in tumor development, as well as small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies targeting ADAM17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zixue Xuan
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Masaoutis C, Palamaris K, Kokkali S, Levidou G, Theocharis S. Unraveling the Immune Microenvironment of Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Implications for Autoimmunity and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147864. [PMID: 35887212 PMCID: PMC9323059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic Epithelial Tumors (TETs) represent a rare tumor family, originating from the epithelial component of the thymus gland. Clinicopathologically, they are segregated into six major subtypes, associated with distinct histological features and clinical outcomes. Their emergence and evolution are accompanied by the generation of a complex tumor microenvironment (TME), dominated by phenotypically and functionally divergent immune cellular subsets, in different maturation states and in analogies that vary significantly among different subtypes. These heterogenous leukocyte populations exert either immune-permissive and tumor-suppressive functions or vice versa, and the dynamic equilibrium established among them either dictates the tumor immune milieu towards an immune-tolerance state or enables the development of a productive spontaneous tumoricidal response. The immunologically “hot” microenvironment, defining a significant proportion of TETs, makes them a promising candidate for the implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). A number of phase I and II clinical trials have already demonstrated significant, type-specific clinical efficacy of PD-L1 inhibitors, even though substantial limitations in their utilization derive from their immune-mediated adverse effects. Moreover, the completed clinical studies involved relatively restricted patient samples and an expansion in the enrolled cohorts is required, so that more trustworthy conclusions regarding the benefit from ICIs in TETs can be extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Masaoutis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Str., Bld 10, Goudi, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (K.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Kostas Palamaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Str., Bld 10, Goudi, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (K.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Stefania Kokkali
- Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio General Hospital of Athens, 114, V. Sofias Str., GR11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgia Levidou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Str., Bld 10, Goudi, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (K.P.); (G.L.)
- Second Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nurenberg, Germany
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Str., Bld 10, Goudi, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (K.P.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Fu LL, Yan M, Ma MX, Luo Y, Shao M, Gosau M, Friedrich RE, Vollkommer T, Feng HC, Smeets R. DCBLD1 Overexpression Is Associated With a Poor Prognosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:939344. [PMID: 35844572 PMCID: PMC9283650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.939344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DCBLD1 is highly expressed in several kinds of cancer and plays a potential prognostic factor. However, the prognostic value and immune infiltration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma remain unclear and need further research. Materials and Methods DCBLD1 expression and clinical information were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The mRNA level in cell lines (SCC25 and CAL27) and gingival fibroblasts were detected using quantitative PCR. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic values of DCBLD1 and clinical data in HNSCC. A nomogram was also established to predict the impact of DCBLD1 on prognosis based on Cox multivariate results. The methylation level of DCBLD1 in HNSC and its prognosis were analyzed in UALACN and MethSurv. Finally, the potential biological functions of DCBLD1 were investigated using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA). Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of DCBLD1 were highly expressed in HNSCC tissue and cell lines. The Cox analyses demonstrate that highly expressed DCBLD1 is an independent prognosis marker (p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed the performance of DCBLD1 (area under the ROC curve: 0.948, sensitivity: 93.2%, specificity: 84.7%). The methylation was increased in HNSCC patients compared with normal subjects (p < 0.05) and was associated with poor prognosis at sites cg27642470 and cg21104965. Additionally, DCBLD1 expression is poorly associated with immune cell infiltration and immunological checkpoints PD-L1 and TIM-3. Conclusion In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, DCBLD1 is overexpressed, associated with poor patient prognosis. The detailed underlying mechanism merits further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-ling Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Min-Xian Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Min Shao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Martin Gosau
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard E. Friedrich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vollkommer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hong-chao Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China,*Correspondence: Hong-chao Feng,
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Khalifehzadeh-Esfahani Z, Fattahi S, Heidari Haratemeh Z, Jafarinia M. The Role of Immune Regulatory Molecules in COVID-19. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:359-364. [PMID: 35443826 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As the fifth pandemic in the 21st century, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become the most prominent global concern in the last 2 years. Variable manifestations characterize SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite the design and production of effective vaccines and their considerable effect on reducing the COVID-19 prevalence and mortality rate, no definitive cure for the disease has yet been found. Mutations may also affect the effectiveness of vaccines. The host immune response to the pathogen has a critical role in the course of the disease. Positive and negative signals often balance the immune system. Immune regulatory molecules, also known as immune checkpoint receptors, balance the immune responses. These molecules mainly have inhibitory functions and prevent hyperactivation of immune cells or trigger adverse signaling pathways. For a decade, the immune checkpoint blockade, as a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy, has been utilized. Some of the inhibitory receptors are recognized as exhaustion markers on T cells. The signaling pathway of these markers restricts the function of T cells against viral infection. Dysregulation of T cells was observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection and can modify proliferation, differentiation, cytokine production, and type of response. The pivotal role of immune inhibitory receptors in the function of acquired, cell-mediated, immune defense T cells makes them a fascinating subject to study. This review article summarized recent findings on immune regulatory molecules and their role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, hoping to find a way to design novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soheila Fattahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Jafarinia
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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19
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The role of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM)-10 in T helper cell biology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119192. [PMID: 34982961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases (ADAM)-10 is a member of a family of membrane-anchored proteinases that regulate a broad range of cellular functions with central roles within the immune system. This has spurred the interest to modulate ADAM activity therapeutically in immunological diseases. CD4 T helper (Th) cells are the key regulators of adaptive immune responses. Their development and function is strongly dependent on Notch, a key ADAM-10 substrate. However, Th cells rely on a variety of additional ADAM-10 substrates regulating their functional activity at multiple levels. The complexity of both, the ADAM substrate expression as well as the functional consequences of ADAM-mediated cleavage of the various substrates complicates the analysis of cell type specific effects. Here we provide an overview on the major ADAM-10 substrates relevant for CD4 T cell biology and discuss the potential effects of ADAM-mediated cleavage exemplified for a selection of important substrates.
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20
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Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoints (ICs) and the development of specific blockers to relieve immune effector cells from this inhibiting mechanism has changed the view of anti-cancer therapy. In addition to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed death 1 (PD1), classical ICs of T lymphocytes and recently described also on a fraction of natural killer (NK) cells, several NK cell receptors, including killer immunoglobulin-like inhibitory receptors (KIRs) and NGK2A, have been recognized as checkpoint members typical of the NK cell population. This offers the opportunity of a dual-checkpoint inhibition approach, targeting classical and non-classical ICs and leading to a synergistic therapeutic effect. In this review, we will overview and discuss this new perspective, focusing on the most relevant candidates for this role among the variety of potential NK ICs. Beside listing and defining classical ICs expressed also by NK cells, or non-classical ICs either on T or on NK cells, we will address their role in NK cell survival, chronic stimulation or functional exhaustion, and the potential relevance of this phenomenon on anti-tumor immune response. Furthermore, NK ICs will be proposed as possible new targets for the development of efficient combined immunotherapy, not forgetting the relevant concerns that may be raised on NK IC blockade. Finally, the impact of epigenetic drugs in such a complex therapeutic picture will be briefly addressed.
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21
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Gomes de Morais AL, Cerdá S, de Miguel M. New Checkpoint Inhibitors on the Road: Targeting TIM-3 in Solid Tumors. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:651-658. [PMID: 35218498 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Even though checkpoint inhibitors have become a recent milestone for the treatment of many different tumor types, eventually, most part of patients will develop resistance mechanisms and their disease will progress. New generations of checkpoint inhibitors, as the ones directed to TIM-3, are on research. RECENT FINDINGS TIM-3 expression has been associated with more advanced stages and shorter survival in several tumor types, due to its association with T-cell dysfunction, and has become an interesting target to explore. Early phase clinical trials with different anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibodies have shown a safe toxicity profile, as cobolimab, LY3321367, or sabatolimab; however, the general antitumor activity remains to be determined and further investigations are needed. TIM-3 is implicated in resistance to immunotherapy due to its role in T cell exhaustion. However, the TIM-3 pathway is highly complex in terms of non-canonical signaling, broad expression by different immune cells and multiple ligands. Different anti-TIM-3 inhibitors are currently on research, either as monotherapy or in combination with other immunotherapies or chemotherapy, aiming to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Gomes de Morais
- START Madrid-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FJD) Early Phase Program, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Cerdá
- START Madrid-HM Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) Early Phase Program, HM Sanchinarro University Hospital, Calle Oña, 10, 28050, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria de Miguel
- START Madrid-HM Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) Early Phase Program, HM Sanchinarro University Hospital, Calle Oña, 10, 28050, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Abdel-Azim H, Dave H, Jordan K, Rawlings-Rhea S, Luong A, Wilson AL. Alignment of practices for data harmonization across multi-center cell therapy trials: a report from the Consortium for Pediatric Cellular Immunotherapy. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:193-204. [PMID: 34711500 PMCID: PMC8792313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Immune effector cell (IEC) therapies have revolutionized our approach to relapsed B-cell malignancies, and interest in the investigational use of IECs is rapidly expanding into other diseases. Current challenges in the analysis of IEC therapies include small sample sizes, limited access to clinical trials and a paucity of predictive biomarkers of efficacy and toxicity associated with IEC therapies. Retrospective and prospective multi-center cell therapy trials can assist in overcoming these barriers through harmonization of clinical endpoints and correlative assays for immune monitoring, allowing additional cross-trial analysis to identify biomarkers of failure and success. The Consortium for Pediatric Cellular Immunotherapy (CPCI) offers a unique platform to address the aforementioned challenges by delivering cutting-edge cell and gene therapies for children through multi-center clinical trials. Here the authors discuss some of the important pre-analytic variables, such as biospecimen collection and initial processing procedures, that affect biomarker assays commonly used in IEC trials across participating CPCI sites. The authors review the recent literature and provide data to support recommendations for alignment and standardization of practices that can affect flow cytometry assays measuring immune effector function as well as interpretation of cytokine/chemokine data. The authors also identify critical gaps that often make parallel comparisons between trials difficult or impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Abdel-Azim
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hema Dave
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Hospital, George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kimberly Jordan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie Rawlings-Rhea
- Seattle Children's Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Annie Luong
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ashley L Wilson
- Seattle Children's Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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23
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Wang PH, Wu MF, Hsu CY, Pan SW, Shu CC, Cheng SL. The Trend of TIM3 Expression on T Cells in Patients With Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease: From Immune Cell Dysfunction to Clinical Severity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738056. [PMID: 34867961 PMCID: PMC8636047 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) is increasing worldwide. Immune exhaustion has been reported in NTM-LD, but T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3), a co-inhibitory receptor on T cells, has been scarcely studied. Methods Patients with NTM-LD and healthy controls were prospectively recruited from July 2014 to August 2019 at three tertiary referral centers in Taiwan. We examined TIM3 expression on the T cells from the participants using flow cytometry. TIM3 expression was analyzed for different disease statuses and after treatment. The apoptosis and cytokine profiles were analyzed according to the TIM3 expression. Results Among enrolled subjects (47 patients and 46 controls), TIM3 on CD4+ cells (6.44% vs. 4.12%, p = 0.028) and CD8+ cells (18.47% vs. 9.13%, p = 0.003) were higher in NTM-LD patients than in the controls. The TIM3 level on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was positively associated with T-cell apoptosis in the NTM-LD patients. In stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells using PMA plus ionomycin, a high TIM3 level on T cells correlated with low interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on CD4+ cells and interferon-gamma and TNF-α on CD8+ T cells. For clinical manifestation, low body mass index (BMI), positive sputum acid-fast smear, and high radiographic score correlated with high TIM3 expression on T cells. After NTM treatment, TIM3+ decreased significantly on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Conclusions In patients with NTM-LD, TIM3+ expression increased over CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and correlated with cell apoptosis and specific cytokine attenuation. Clinically, TIM3+ T cells increased in patients with low BMI, high disease extent, and high bacilli burden but decreased after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Huai Wang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Statistical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Hsu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Pan
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Shu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lung Cheng
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Mummareddy S, Pradhan S, Narasimhan AK, Natarajan A. On Demand Biosensors for Early Diagnosis of Cancer and Immune Checkpoints Blockade Therapy Monitoring from Liquid Biopsy. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11120500. [PMID: 34940257 PMCID: PMC8699359 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, considerable interest has emerged in the development of biosensors to detect biomarkers and immune checkpoints to identify and measure cancer through liquid biopsies. The detection of cancer biomarkers from a small volume of blood is relatively fast compared to the gold standard of tissue biopsies. Traditional immuno-histochemistry (IHC) requires tissue samples obtained using invasive procedures and specific expertise as well as sophisticated instruments. Furthermore, the turnaround for IHC assays is usually several days. To overcome these challenges, on-demand biosensor-based assays were developed to provide more immediate prognostic information for clinicians. Novel rapid, highly precise, and sensitive approaches have been under investigation using physical and biochemical methods to sense biomarkers. Additionally, interest in understanding immune checkpoints has facilitated the rapid detection of cancer prognosis from liquid biopsies. Typically, these devices combine various classes of detectors with digital outputs for the measurement of soluble cancer or immune checkpoint (IC) markers from liquid biopsy samples. These sensor devices have two key advantages: (a) a small volume of blood drawn from the patient is sufficient for analysis, and (b) it could aid physicians in quickly selecting and deciding the appropriate therapy regime for the patients (e.g., immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy). In this review, we will provide updates on potential cancer markers, various biosensors in cancer diagnosis, and the corresponding limits of detection, while focusing on biosensor development for IC marker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Mummareddy
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Stuti Pradhan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Ashwin Kumar Narasimhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India;
| | - Arutselvan Natarajan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-650-736-9822
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25
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Regulation of Tim-3 function by binding to phosphatidylserine. Biochem J 2021; 478:3999-4004. [PMID: 34813649 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tim-3 is a transmembrane protein that is highly expressed on subsets of chronically stimulated CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, with more transient expression during acute activation and infection. Tim-3 is also constitutively expressed by multiple types of myeloid cells. Like other TIM family members, Tim-3 can bind to phosphatidylserine displayed by apoptotic cells, and this interaction has been shown to mediate uptake of such cells by dendritic cells and cross-presentation of antigens to CD8+ T cells. In contrast, how the recognition of PS by Tim-3 might regulate the function of Tim-3+ T cells is not known. In their recent paper, Lemmon and colleagues demonstrate for the first time that recognition of PS by Tim-3 leads to enhanced T cell activation.
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Klaewsongkram J, Buranapraditkun S, Thantiworasit P, Rerknimitr P, Tuchinda P, Chularojanamontri L, Rerkpattanapipat T, Chanprapaph K, Disphanurat W, Chakkavittumrong P, Tovanabutra N, Srisuttiyakorn C, Srinoulprasert Y, Sukasem C, Chongpison Y. The Role of In Vitro Detection of Drug-Specific Mediator-Releasing Cells to Diagnose Different Phenotypes of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:896-907. [PMID: 34734507 PMCID: PMC8569031 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.6.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PROPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate panels of enzyme-linked immunospot assays (ELISpot) to detect drug-specific mediator releasing cells for confirming culprit drugs in severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). METHODS Frequencies of drug-induced interleukin-22 (IL-22)-, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-, and granzyme-B (GrB)-releasing cells were measured by incubating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SCAR patients with the culprit drugs. Potential immunoadjuvants were supplemented to enhance drug-induced mediator responses. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients, including 9 acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), 10 drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, and 8 Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) were recruited. The average frequencies of drug-induced IL-22-, IFN-γ-, and GrB-releasing cells were 35.5±16.3, 33.0±7.1, and 164.8±43.1 cells/million PBMCs, respectively. The sensitivity of combined IFN-γ/IL-22/GrB ELISpot was higher than that of IFN-γ ELISpot alone for culprit drug detection in all SCAR subjects (77.8% vs 51.9%, P < 0.01). The measurement of drug-induced IL-22- and IFN-γ releasing cells confirmed the culprit drugs in 77.8% of AGEP. The measurement of drug-induced IFN-γ- and GrB-releasing cells confirmed the culprit drugs in 62.5% of SJS/TEN. Alpha-galactosylceramide supplementation significantly increased the frequencies of drug-induced IFN-γ releasing cells. CONCLUSION The measurement of drug-induced IFN-γ-releasing cells is the key for identifying culprit drugs. The additional measurement of drug-induced IL-22-releasing cells enhances ELISpot sensitivity to identify drug-induced AGEP, while the measurement of drug-induced GrB-releasing cells could have a role in SJS/TEN. ELISpot sensitivity might be improved by supplementary alpha-galactosylceramide. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02574988.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jettanong Klaewsongkram
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Skin and Allergy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Skin and Allergy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattarawat Thantiworasit
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Skin and Allergy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawinee Rerknimitr
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Skin and Allergy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Papapit Tuchinda
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Leena Chularojanamontri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ticha Rerkpattanapipat
- Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kumutnart Chanprapaph
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wareeporn Disphanurat
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Panlop Chakkavittumrong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Napatra Tovanabutra
- Dermatologic Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chutika Srisuttiyakorn
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuttana Srinoulprasert
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuda Chongpison
- Center for Excellence in Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, The Skin and Allergy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Expression of Tim-3 drives phenotypic and functional changes in Treg cells in secondary lymphoid organs and the tumor microenvironment. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109699. [PMID: 34525351 PMCID: PMC8482289 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are critical mediators of self-tolerance, but they can also limit effective anti-tumor immunity. Although under homeostasis a small fraction of Treg cells in lymphoid organs express the putative checkpoint molecule Tim-3, this protein is expressed by a much larger proportion of tumor-infiltrating Treg cells. Using a mouse model that drives cell-type-specific inducible Tim-3 expression, we show that expression of Tim-3 by Treg cells is sufficient to drive Treg cells to a more effector-like phenotype, resulting in increases in suppressive activity, effector T cell exhaustion, and tumor growth. We also show that T-reg-cell-specific inducible deletion of Tim-3 enhances anti-tumor immunity. Enhancement of Treg cell function by Tim-3 is strongly correlated with increased expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and a shift to a more glycolytic metabolic phenotype. Our data demonstrate that Tim-3+ Treg cells may be a relevant therapeutic target cell type for the treatment of cancer. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) limit the immune response to tumors, and tumor-infiltrating Treg cells are especially suppressive. However, the mechanisms underlying enhanced Treg cell function are poorly understood. Banerjee et al. show that Tim-3 expression is linked to increased Treg cell suppressive activity, possibly through the cytokine IL-10, in mouse models and people with cancer.
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28
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Modabber Z, Shahbazi M, Akbari R, Bagherzadeh M, Firouzjahi A, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M. TIM-3 as a potential exhaustion marker in CD4 + T cells of COVID-19 patients. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:1707-1715. [PMID: 34499819 PMCID: PMC8589347 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID‐19 causes a range of clinical symptoms from mild to critical and can be life‐threatening. Up to now, it has led to many deaths. We aimed to evaluate exhausted markers on CD4+ T cells of COVID‐19 patients. Methods In this study, we evaluated 44 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 disease and 16 healthy individuals. Patients were divided into moderate/severe and critical groups. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and stained by anti‐human CD39, PD‐1, TIM‐3, and anti‐human CD4. The percentage of each CD4+ subpopulation was calculated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we collected clinical information and laboratory data of both control and patient groups. Results We detected overexpression of TIM‐3 on CD4+ T cells in both critical and moderate/severe patients than in healthy individuals (HIs; p < .01 and p < .0001, respectively). CD4+ TIM‐3+ CD39+ lymphocytes were significantly higher in the critical patients than in HI (p < .05). Both Patient groups showed lymphopenia in comparison with HI, but CD4+ lymphocytes did not show any significant difference between study subjects. The increased amount of C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and neutrophil count was observed in patients compared to HI. Conclusion T cell exhaustion occurs during COVID‐19 disease and TIM‐3 is the most important exhausted marker on CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Modabber
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahbazi
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Akbari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mojgan Bagherzadeh
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Alireza Firouzjahi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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29
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Linder K, Lulla P. Myelodysplastic syndrome and immunotherapy novel to next in-line treatments. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2602-2616. [PMID: 33941042 PMCID: PMC8475606 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1898307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have few therapy options for sustainable responses in the frontline setting, and even less after hypomethylating agent (HMA) failure in relapsed and refractory setting. The only potential cure is an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant which is an unrealistic option for the majority of MDS patients. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibition, CAR-T cells, and vaccine therapy few have shown promise in a variety cancer and have now been tested in patients with MDS. Most trials have focused on AML patients and included small numbers of MDS patients. Until now, a dedicated review of immunotherapy outcomes in MDS patients has been lacking. Thus, herein we review outcomes of MDS patients after immunotherapies on a variety of clinical trials reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Linder
- Baylor College of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Premal Lulla
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Hematology-Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
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30
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Chen H, Wang M, Weng T, Wei Y, Liu C, Yang L, Ren K, Tang Y, Tang Z, Gou X. The prognostic and clinicopathological significance of Tim-3 and PD-1 expression in the prognosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:743-753. [PMID: 34330653 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively uncommon disease with few reported molecular markers. This study evaluated Tim-3 and PD-1 expression in primary UTUC and its impact on patients' clinical outcomes. METHODS Tim-3 and PD-1 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded sections from 101 UTUC patients. The H-score was correlated with clinicopathologic outcomes and the long-term recurrence and survival rates. RESULTS T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) protein was overexpressed in UTUC cells, especially tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and endothelial cells. We found that 95% (95/101) of UTUC tissues had dysregulated Tim-3 expression, of which 44% (44/101) showed high expression. High Tim-3 expression (H-score≥100) was significantly correlated with advanced pathological grade, advanced T stage and tumour recurrence (P=0.016, 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively) and with poor intravesical recurrence-free survival (IRFS) and overall survival (OS) (P< 0.001 and 0.003). Moreover, another immune checkpoint molecule, programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), was also assessed in our study. Among patients in the low Tim-3 expression subgroup, those with high PD-1 expression experienced intravesical recurrence (IVR) more often than those with low PD-1 expression (P< 0.001). However, the PD-1 expression level had no effect on prognosis in the high Tim-3 expression subgroup. CONCLUSION We confirmed that high Tim-3 protein expression can be used as an indicator of earlier IVR and shorter OS in patients with UTUC, while high expression of PD-1 is only related to earlier IVR. We showed that Tim-3 plays a more important role in tumour recurrence and progression than PD-1. Collectively, our findings support the use of Tim-3 and PD-1 as clinical prognostic factors indicating poor patient survival. Tim-3, alone or in combination with PD-1, could become a target for future UTUC therapies, but further prospective studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Urology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital (Chengdu Third Clinical College Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University), Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Tonghui Weng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Master, The Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaobing Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Gou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kataoka S, Manandhar P, Lee J, Workman CJ, Banerjee H, Szymczak-Workman AL, Kvorjak M, Lohmueller J, Kane LP. The costimulatory activity of Tim-3 requires Akt and MAPK signaling and its recruitment to the immune synapse. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/687/eaba0717. [PMID: 34131021 PMCID: PMC9741863 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the transmembrane protein Tim-3 is increased on dysregulated T cells undergoing chronic activation, including during chronic infection and in solid tumors. Thus, Tim-3 is generally thought of as an inhibitory protein. We and others previously reported that under some circumstances, Tim-3 exerts paradoxical costimulatory activity in T cells (and other cells), including enhancement of the phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 protein. Here, we examined the upstream signaling pathways that control Tim-3-mediated increases in phosphorylated S6 in T cells. We also defined the localization of Tim-3 relative to the T cell immune synapse and its effects on downstream signaling. Recruitment of Tim-3 to the immune synapse was mediated exclusively by the transmembrane domain, replacement of which impaired the ability of Tim-3 to costimulate T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent S6 phosphorylation. Furthermore, enforced localization of the Tim-3 cytoplasmic domain to the immune synapse in a chimeric antigen receptor still enabled T cell activation. Together, our findings are consistent with a model whereby Tim-3 enhances TCR-proximal signaling under acute conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kataoka
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA,Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan,Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Priyanka Manandhar
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA,Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Judong Lee
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Creg J. Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hridesh Banerjee
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Michael Kvorjak
- Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jason Lohmueller
- Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lawrence P. Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA,Corresponding author.
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Greisen SR, Deleuran B. Checkpoint Molecules in Rheumatology-or the Benefits of Being Exhausted. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:22. [PMID: 33651184 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-00991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will focus on the most common co-inhibitory molecules, emphasizing the importance of these in relation to rheumatic disease. RECENT FINDINGS Checkpoint molecules are pivotal in determining the outcome of antigen activation. Checkpoint molecules consist of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, where the first activates and the latter inhibits the antigen presentation process. Studies show that increased activity of co-inhibitory molecules is associated with a good prognosis in rheumatic diseases. Opposite, when cancer patients are treated with antibodies blocking the inhibitory pathways, autoimmune diseases, including arthritis, develop as immune-related adverse events (IrAE). This emphasizes the importance of these pathways in autoimmune disease. Co-inhibitory molecules are becoming increasingly interesting as future treatment targets in rheumatic conditions. Treatments with antibodies blocking these pathways result in IrAE, often manifesting as autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Therefore, a need to get acquainted with these molecules is growing so we can cope with future challenges in rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stinne Ravn Greisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Skou-building, C.F. Møllers Alle 6, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Skou-building, C.F. Møllers Alle 6, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Pérez-Antón E, Egui A, Thomas MC, Carrilero B, Simón M, López-Ruz MÁ, Segovia M, López MC. A proportion of CD4+ T cells from patients with chronic Chagas disease undergo a dysfunctional process, which is partially reversed by benznidazole treatment. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009059. [PMID: 33539379 PMCID: PMC7888659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Signs of senescence and the late stages of differentiation associated with the more severe forms of Chagas disease have been described in the Trypanosoma cruzi antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell population. However, the mechanisms involved in these functions are not fully known. To date, little is known about the possible impact of benznidazole treatment on the T. cruzi-specific functional response of CD4+ T cells. Methodology/Principal findings The functional capacity of CD4+ T cells was analyzed by cytometric assays in chronic Chagas disease patients, with indeterminate form (IND) and cardiac alterations (CCC) (25 and 15, respectively) before and after benznidazole treatment. An increase in the multifunctional capacity (expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, perforin and/or granzyme B) of the antigen-specific CD4+ T cells was observed in indeterminate versus cardiac patients, which was associated with the reduced coexpression of inhibitory receptors (2B4, CD160, CTLA-4, PD-1 and/or TIM-3). The functional profile of these cells shows statistically significant differences between IND and CCC (p<0.001), with a higher proportion of CD4+ T cells coexpressing 2 and 3 molecules in IND (54.4% versus 23.1% and 4.1% versus 2.4%, respectively). A significant decrease in the frequencies of CD4+ T cells that coexpress 2, 3 and 4 inhibitory receptors was observed in IND after 24–48 months of treatment (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively), which was associated with an increase in antigen-specific multifunctional activity. The IND group showed, at 9–12 months after treatment, an increase in the CD4+ T cell subset coproducing three molecules, which were mainly granzyme B+, perforin+ and IFN-γ+ (1.4% versus 4.5%). Conclusions/Significance A CD4+ T cell dysfunctional process was detected in chronic Chagas disease patients, being more exacerbated in those patients with cardiac symptoms. After short-term benznidazole treatment (9–12 months), indeterminate patients showed a significant increase in the frequency of multifunctional antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Trypanosoma cruzi infection triggers several immune mechanisms in the host that do not result in a total clearance of the parasite, the persistence of which leads to the chronicity of Chagas disease. The mechanisms by which some chronic patients remain asymptomatic or become symptomatic are not entirely clear. The aim of the present manuscript is to study the CD4+ T cell population and its functional capacity in patients with different forms of chronic disease. The obtained results indicate that cells from indeterminate patients have an enhanced multifunctional profile, which is associated with the reduced expression of inhibitory molecules. CD4+ T cells from chronic patients with cardiac alterations show lower functional activity against specific antigens of the parasite and increased coexpression of inhibitory molecules. After benznidazole treatment, antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, especially those from indeterminate patients, are more likely to show a multifunctional profile and a decline in the coexpression of inhibitory receptors. These results allow us to make progress in clarifying the mechanisms that may influence disease progression and to realize the importance of antiparasitic treatment for the enhancement of the activity of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pérez-Antón
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Granada, Spain
| | - Adriana Egui
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Granada, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Thomas
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Granada, Spain
| | - Bartolomé Carrilero
- Unidad Regional de Medicina Tropical, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca; El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Simón
- Unidad Regional de Medicina Tropical, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca; El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Segovia
- Unidad Regional de Medicina Tropical, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca; El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Carlos López
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Martinez M, Kim S, St Jean N, O'Brien S, Lian L, Sun J, Verona RI, Moon E. Addition of anti-TIM3 or anti-TIGIT Antibodies to anti-PD1 Blockade Augments Human T cell Adoptive Cell Transfer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1873607. [PMID: 33537176 PMCID: PMC7833767 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1873607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PD1 blockade to reinvigorate T cells has become part of standard of care for patients with NSCLC across disease stages. However, the majority of patients still do not respond. One potential mechanism of resistance is increased expression of other checkpoint inhibitory molecules on T cells leading to their suppression; however, this phenomenon has not been well studied in tumor-reactive, human T cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this compensatory mechanism in a novel model using human effector T cells infiltrating and reactive against human lung cancer. Immunodeficient mice with flank tumors established from a human lung cancer cell line expressing the NYESO1 antigen were treated with activated human T cells expressing a TCR reactive to NYESO1 (Ly95) with or without anti-PD1 alone and with combinations of anti-PD1 plus anti-TIM3 or anti-TIGIT. A month later, the effect on tumor growth and the phenotype and ex vivo function of the TILs were analyzed. Anti-PD1 and Ly95 T cells led to greater tumor control than Ly95 T cells alone; however, tumors continued to grow. The ex-vivo function of PD1-blocked Ly95 TILs was suppressed and was associated with increased T cell expression of TIM3/TIGIT. Administering combinatorial blockade of PD1+ TIM3 or PD1+ TIGIT with Ly95 T cells led to greater tumor control than blocking PD1 alone. In our model, PD1 blockade was suboptimally therapeutic alone. The effect of TIM3 and TIGIT was upregulated on T cells in response to PD1 blockade and anti-tumor activity could be enhanced when these inhibitory receptors were also blocked with antibodies in combination with anti-PD1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Naomi St Jean
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Shaun O'Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Lurong Lian
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Sun
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Edmund Moon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
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35
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Kim JE, Patel K, Jackson CM. The potential for immune checkpoint modulators in cerebrovascular injury and inflammation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:101-113. [PMID: 33356658 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1869213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Neuroinflammation has been linked to poor neurologic and functional outcomes in many cerebrovascular disorders. Immune checkpoints are upregulated in the setting of traumatic brain injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, central nervous systems vasculitis, and post-hemorrhagic vasospasm, and are potential mediators of pathologic inflammation. Burgeoning evidence suggests that immune checkpoint modulation is a promising treatment strategy to decrease immune cell recruitment, cytokine secretion, brain edema, and neurodegeneration.Areas covered: This review discusses the role of immune checkpoints in neuroinflammation, and the potential for therapeutic immune checkpoint modulation in inflammatory cerebrovascular disorders. A search of Pubmed and clinicaltrials.gov was performed to find relevant literature published within the last 50 years.Expert opinion: The clinical success of immune-activating checkpoint modulators in human cancers has shown the immense clinical potential of checkpoint-based immunotherapy. Given that checkpoint blockade can also precipitate a pathologic pro-inflammatory or autoimmune response, it is plausible that these pathways may also be targeted to quell aberrant inflammation. A limited but growing number of studies suggest that immune checkpoints play a critical role in regulating the immune response in the central nervous system in a variety of contexts, and that immune-deactivating checkpoint modulators may be a promising treatment strategy for acute and chronic neuroinflammation in cerebrovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kisha Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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36
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O'Connell P, Hyslop S, Blake MK, Godbehere S, Amalfitano A, Aldhamen YA. SLAMF7 Signaling Reprograms T Cells toward Exhaustion in the Tumor Microenvironment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:193-205. [PMID: 33288545 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
T cell exhaustion represents one of the most pervasive strategies tumors employ to circumvent the immune system. Although repetitive, cognate TCR signaling is recognized as the primary driving force behind this phenomenon, and it remains unknown what other forces drive T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we show that activation of the self-ligand SLAMF7 immune receptor on T cells induced STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation, expression of multiple inhibitory receptors, and transcription factors associated with T cell exhaustion. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that SLAMF7 transcript levels were strongly correlated with various inhibitory receptors and that high SLAMF7 expression was indicative of poor survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Targeted reanalysis of a CyTOF dataset, which profiled the TME in 73 ccRCC patients, revealed cell-type-specific SLAMF7 expression patterns, strong correlations between exhausted T cells and SLAMF7+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and a unique subset of SLAMF7highCD38high TAMs. These SLAMF7highCD38high TAMs showed the strongest correlations with exhausted T cells and were an independent prognostic factor in ccRCC. Confirmatory ex vivo coculture studies validated that SLAMF7-SLAMF7 interactions between murine TAMs and CD8+ T cells induce expression of multiple inhibitory receptors. Finally, mice lacking SLAMF7 show restricted growth of B16-F10 tumors, and CD8+ T cells from these mice express less PD-1 and TOX and exhibited an impaired ability to progress through the exhaustion developmental trajectory to terminal exhaustion. These findings suggest that SLAMF7 might play an important role in modulating T cell function in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O'Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Sean Hyslop
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Maja K Blake
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Sarah Godbehere
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Yasser A Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
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37
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Wang Z, Li G, Dou S, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Li G, Hou C, Wang R, Shen B, Han G. Tim-3 Promotes Listeria monocytogenes Immune Evasion by Suppressing Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:830-840. [PMID: 31586389 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin protein 3 (Tim-3) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that has therapeutic implications for many tumors and infectious diseases. However, the mechanisms by which Tim-3 promotes immune evasion remain unclear. METHODS In this study, we demonstrated that Tim-3 inhibits the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) in macrophages at both the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels by inhibiting the STAT1-NLRC5 signaling pathway. RESULTS As a result, MHC-I-restricted antigen presentation by macrophages was inhibited by Tim-3 both in vitro and in a Listeria monocytogenes infection model in vivo. Systemic overexpression of Tim-3 or specific knockout of Tim-3 in macrophages significantly attenuated or enhanced CD8+ T-cell activation and infection damage in L monocytogenes-infected mice, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we identified a new mechanism by which Tim-3 promotes L monocytogenes immune evasion. Further studies on this pathway might shed new light on the physio-pathological roles of Tim-3 and suggest new approaches for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiding Wang
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ge Li
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaijie Dou
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqiong Liu
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxian Li
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Hou
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renxi Wang
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beifen Shen
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gencheng Han
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Beijing, China
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38
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Zhai Y, Celis-Gutierrez J, Voisinne G, Mori D, Girard L, Burlet-Schiltz O, de Peredo AG, Roncagalli R, Malissen B. Opposing regulatory functions of the TIM3 (HAVCR2) signalosome in primary effector T cells as revealed by quantitative interactomics. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:1581-1583. [PMID: 33139903 PMCID: PMC8167182 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Zhai
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Javier Celis-Gutierrez
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Voisinne
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Daiki Mori
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Laura Girard
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Département Biologie Structurale Biophysique, Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi Pyrénées CNRS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Gonzalez de Peredo
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Département Biologie Structurale Biophysique, Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi Pyrénées CNRS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Roncagalli
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288, Marseille, France.
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288, Marseille, France. .,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France.
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39
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Lith SC, van Os BW, Seijkens TTP, de Vries CJM. 'Nur'turing tumor T cell tolerance and exhaustion: novel function for Nuclear Receptor Nur77 in immunity. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1643-1652. [PMID: 33063848 PMCID: PMC7702156 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor Nur77 is expressed in a multitude of tissues, regulating cell differentiation and homeostasis. Dysregulation of Nur77 signaling is associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and disorders of the CNS. The role of Nur77 in T cells has been studied for almost 30 years now. There is a clear appreciation that Nur77 is crucial for apoptosis of self‐reactive T cells. However, the regulation and function of Nur77 in mature T cells remains largely unclear. In an exciting development, Nur77 has been recently demonstrated to impinge on cancer immunotherapy involving chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). These studies indicated that Nur77 deficiency reduced T cell tolerance and exhaustion, thus raising the effectiveness of immune therapy in mice. Based on these novel insights, it may be proposed that regulation of Nur77 activity holds promise for innovative drug development in the field of cellular immunotherapy in cancer. In this review, we therefore summarize the role of Nur77 in T cell selection and maturation; and further develop the idea of targeting its activity in these cells as a potential strategy to augment current cancer immunotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne C Lith
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram W van Os
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom T P Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlie J M de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Significance of TIM-3 expression by CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes in tumor-draining lymph nodes from patients with breast cancer. Mol Immunol 2020; 128:47-54. [PMID: 33068833 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), which is expressed by immune and nonimmune cells, has been shown to play immunoregulatory roles in the tumor microenvironment. In this study we assessed the expression of TIM-3 by T cells from tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) of patients with breast cancer and its association with disease progression. Lymphocytes were isolated from 41 TDLNs, and flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of TIM-3 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, along with the simultaneous expression of CD25, Foxp3 and TIM-3 in CD4+ T cells. The results showed that the frequency of TIM-3+CD8+ T cells was associated with higher tumor grade, and the geometric mean fluorescence intensity (gMFI) of TIM-3 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was significantly higher in patients with more than 9 involved lymph nodes than those with fewer involved nodes. The gMFI of TIM3 in CD4+ T cells also showed a direct correlation with the number of metastatic lymph nodes. Phenotypic characterization of TIM-3+CD4+ T cells showed that the majority of CD4+TIM3+ lymphocytes were Foxp3 ̶ CD25 ̶, and the majority of Foxp3+CD25+ regulatory T cells were TIM-3-. Our findings showed that TIM-3 was expressed by CD4+, CD8+ and regulatory T cells in breast TDLNs, and that expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was mostly associated with poor prognosticators such as a higher number of involved lymph nodes or higher tumor grade. More studies are required to confirm TIM-3 as a prognostic marker and a target for immunotherapy in breast cancer.
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41
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Berben L, Floris G, Kenis C, Dalmasso B, Smeets A, Vos H, Neven P, Antoranz Martinez A, Laenen A, Wildiers H, Hatse S. Age-related remodelling of the blood immunological portrait and the local tumor immune response in patients with luminal breast cancer. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1184. [PMID: 33024560 PMCID: PMC7532981 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Aging is associated with altered immune function and chronic low-grade inflammation, referred to as immunosenescence. As breast cancer is an age-related disease, the impact of aging on tumor immune responses may have important consequences. However, effects of immunosenescence on breast tumor immune infiltration remain largely unknown. Methods This exploratory study investigated a broad panel of immune/senescence markers in peripheral blood and in the tumor microenvironment of young, middle-aged and old patients diagnosed with early invasive luminal (hormone-sensitive, HER2-negative) breast cancer. In the old group, G8-scores were computed as a correlate for clinical frailty. Results Significant age-related changes in plasma levels of several inflammatory mediators (IL-1α, IP-10, IL-8, MCP-1, CRP), immune checkpoint markers (Gal-9, sCD25, TIM-3, PD-L1), IGF-1 and circulating miRs (miR-18a, miR-19b, miR-20, miR-155, miR-195 and miR-326) were observed. Shifts were observed in distinct peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations, particularly naive CD8+ T-cells. At the tumor level, aging was associated with lower total lymphocytic infiltration, together with decreased abundance of several immune cell markers, especially CD8. The relative fractions of cell subsets in the immune infiltrate were also altered. Clinical frailty was associated with higher frequencies of exhausted/senescent (CD27-CD28- and/or CD57+) terminally differentiated CD8+ cells in the blood and with increased tumor infiltration by FOXP3+ cells. Conclusion Aging and frailty are associated with profound changes of the blood and tumor immune profile in luminal breast cancer, pointing to a different interplay between tumor cells, immune cells and inflammatory mediators at higher age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieze Berben
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology Department of Oncology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Pathology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium.,Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research Department of Imaging and Pathology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Cindy Kenis
- Department of General Medical Oncology and Geriatric Medicine University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Bruna Dalmasso
- Genetis of Rare Cancers Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI) University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa Italy
| | - Ann Smeets
- Department of Surgical Oncology KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Hanne Vos
- Department of Surgical Oncology KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Asier Antoranz Martinez
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research Department of Imaging and Pathology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- Interuniversity Centre for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Leuven Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology Department of Oncology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology Department of Oncology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
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Barbari C, Fontaine T, Parajuli P, Lamichhane N, Jakubski S, Lamichhane P, Deshmukh RR. Immunotherapies and Combination Strategies for Immuno-Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5009. [PMID: 32679922 PMCID: PMC7404041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of novel immunotherapies in the treatment of cancers has dramatically changed the landscape of the oncology field. Recent developments in checkpoint inhibition therapies, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapies, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, and cancer vaccines have shown immense promise for significant advancements in cancer treatments. Immunotherapies act on distinct steps of immune response to augment the body's natural ability to recognize, target, and destroy cancerous cells. Combination treatments with immunotherapies and other modalities intend to activate immune response, decrease immunosuppression, and target signaling and resistance pathways to offer a more durable, long-lasting treatment compared to traditional therapies and immunotherapies as monotherapies for cancers. This review aims to briefly describe the rationale, mechanisms of action, and clinical efficacy of common immunotherapies and highlight promising combination strategies currently approved or under clinical development. Additionally, we will discuss the benefits and limitations of these immunotherapy approaches as monotherapies as well as in combination with other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Barbari
- OMS Students, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM), 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (C.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Tyler Fontaine
- OMS Students, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM), 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (C.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Priyanka Parajuli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| | - Narottam Lamichhane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Silvia Jakubski
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Purushottam Lamichhane
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM), 4800 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Rahul R. Deshmukh
- School of Pharmacy, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM), 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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Melaiu O, Lucarini V, Giovannoni R, Fruci D, Gemignani F. News on immune checkpoint inhibitors as immunotherapy strategies in adult and pediatric solid tumors. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:18-43. [PMID: 32659257 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown unprecedented benefits in various adult cancers, and this success has prompted the exploration of ICI therapy even in childhood malignances. Although the use of ICIs as individual agents has achieved disappointing response rates, combinational therapies are likely to promise better results. However, only a subset of patients experienced prolonged clinical effects, thus suggesting the need to identify robust bio-markers that predict individual clinical response or resistance to ICI therapy as the main challenge. In this review, we focus on how the use of ICIs in adult cancers can be translated into pediatric malignances. We discuss the physiological mechanism of action of each IC, including PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 and the new emerging ones, LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, B7-H3, BTLA and IDO-1, and evaluate their prognostic value in both adult and childhood tumors. Furthermore, we offer an overview of preclinical models and clinical trials currently under investigation to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies in these patients. Finally, we outline the main predictive factors that influence the efficacy of ICIs, in order to lay the basis for the development of a pan-cancer immunogenomic model, able to direct young patients towards more specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ombretta Melaiu
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucarini
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Doriana Fruci
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
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Zhang X, Wen X, Feng N, Chen A, Yao S, Ding X, Zhang L. Increased Expression of T-Box Transcription Factor Protein 21 (TBX21) in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma Predicts Better Prognosis: A Study Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Databases. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923087. [PMID: 32561704 PMCID: PMC7325556 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-box transcription factor protein 21 (TBX21) is expressed in immune cells and some tumor cells. Defects in TBX21 gene can cause Th1/Th2 imbalance, which is closely related to tumorigenesis. The expression and clinical value of TBX21 in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) are not clear. MATERIAL AND METHODS RNA-Seq expression and clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between TBX21 expression and clinical parameters such as gender, stage, etc. The correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival of SKCM patients was estimated by Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier method. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) were conducted to analyze the potential mechanism of TBX21 in the progression of SKCM. RESULTS Compared with normal samples, TBX21 was significantly upregulated in SKCM tissues. SKCM patients with lower TBX21 expression might have a worse prognosis than those with higher TBX21 expression according to Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Cox analysis also reached the same conclusion: TBX21 was an independent prognostic indicator. GSEA showed that the highly expressed phenotypes in TBX21 were enriched to varying degrees with various signaling pathways. PPI network showed the top 10 proteins that were closely related to TBX21. CONCLUSIONS TBX21 expression was significantly correlated with the prognosis of SKCM patients and was found to be involved in a great many immunological pathways that affect the occurrence and development of tumors.
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Leplina O, Smetanenko E, Tikhonova M, Batorov E, Tyrinova T, Pasman N, Ostanin A, Chernykh E. Binding of the placental growth factor to VEGF receptor type 1 modulates human T cell functions. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1013-1024. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0420-723rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Leplina
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Smetanenko
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Marina Tikhonova
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Egor Batorov
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Tamara Tyrinova
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Natalya Pasman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Medicine and Psychology NSU Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Ostanin
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Elena Chernykh
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology Novosibirsk Russian Federation
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Yegin ZA, Can F, Aydın Kaynar L, Gökçen S, Eren Sadioğlu R, Özkurt ZN, Karacaoğlu Ö. Pre-transplant sTIM-3 levels may have a predictive impact on transplant outcome in acute leukemia patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:125-133. [PMID: 32153257 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1738097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-3 (TIM-3) is considered as a negative regulator of T-cell driven immune response. This study is planned to investigate the prognostic role of pre-transplant soluble TIM-3 (sTIM-3) levels in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients. Methods: Pre-transplant serum sTIM-3 levels were measured in 177 allo-HSCT recipients [median age: 36(16-66) years; male/female: 111/66]. Results: Pre-transplant sTIM-3 levels were significantly higher in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients compared to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients (p = 0.01). Pre-transplant sTIM-3 levels were significantly lower in patients with abnormal cytogenetics (p = 0.017). Pre-transplant sTIM-3 levels were significantly higher in patients who developed viral hemorrhagic cystitis (p = 0.034). A positive correlation was demonstrated between sTIM-3 levels and acute graft versus host disease (GvHD) grade (p = 0.013; r = 0.299). Overall survival (OS) was not statistically different between low- and high-TIM-3 groups (%35.2 vs %20.4; p > 0.05). Primary diagnosis (p = 0.042), sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (p < 0.001), acute GvHD (p = 0.001), chronic GvHD (p = 0.009) and post-transplant relapse (p = 0.003) represented significant impact on OS. Discussion: Increased sTIM-3 levels in AML patients seem to be compatible with the previous reports. The inhibitor role of TIM-3 in cellular immune response may be a possible explanation for the association of sTIM-3 with viral infections and GvHD. However, the main challenge remains to be the ambiguous association of pre-transplant sTIM-3 levels and post-transplant complications, as allo-HSCT recipients are expected to represent donor genetic features in the post-transplant setting. Conclusion: Further studies are warranted to clarify the particular role of sTIM-3 in the allo-HSCT setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Arzu Yegin
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferda Can
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lale Aydın Kaynar
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sanem Gökçen
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rezzan Eren Sadioğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zübeyde Nur Özkurt
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Karacaoğlu
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Kim HS, Chang CY, Yoon HJ, Kim KS, Koh HS, Kim SS, Lee SJ, Kane LP, Park EJ. Glial TIM-3 Modulates Immune Responses in the Brain Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1833-1845. [PMID: 32094297 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3), a potential immunotherapeutic target for cancer, has been shown to display diverse characteristics in a context-dependent manner. Thus, it would be useful to delineate the precise functional features of TIM-3 in a given situation. Here, we report that glial TIM-3 shows distinctive properties in the brain tumor microenvironment. TIM-3 was expressed on both growing tumor cells and their surrounding cells including glia and T cells in an orthotopic mouse glioma model. The expression pattern of TIM-3 was distinct from those of other immune checkpoint molecules in tumor-exposed and tumor-infiltrating glia. Comparison of cells from tumor-bearing and contralateral hemispheres of a glioma model showed that TIM-3 expression was lower in tumor-infiltrating CD11b+CD45mid glial cells but higher in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. In TIM-3 mutant mice with intracellular signaling defects and Cre-inducible TIM-3 mice, TIM-3 affected the expression of several immune-associated molecules including iNOS and PD-L1 in primary glia-exposed conditioned media (CM) from brain tumors. Further, TIM-3 was cross-regulated by TLR2, but not by TLR4, in brain tumor CM- or Pam3CSK4-exposed glia. In addition, following exposure to tumor CM, IFNγ production was lower in T cells cocultured with TIM-3-defective glia than with normal glia. Collectively, these findings suggest that glial TIM-3 actively and distinctively responds to brain tumor, and plays specific intracellular and intercellular immunoregulatory roles that might be different from TIM-3 on T cells in the brain tumor microenvironment. SIGNIFICANCE: TIM-3 is typically thought of as a T-cell checkpoint receptor. This study demonstrates a role for TIM-3 in mediating myeloid cell responses in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Immunology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Young Chang
- Cancer Immunology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Yoon
- Cancer Immunology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sun Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Immunology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seok Koh
- Cancer Immunology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Fusion Technology Research Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Immunology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Lawrence P Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Immunology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Zhang M, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Alotaibi F, Qiu L, Wang H, Peng S, Liu Y, Li Q, Gao D, Wang Z, Yuan K, Dou FF, Koropatnick J, Xiong J, Min W. miRNA-5119 regulates immune checkpoints in dendritic cells to enhance breast cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:951-967. [PMID: 32076794 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) based immunotherapy is a promising approach to clinical cancer treatment. miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that bind to RNAs to mediate multiple events which are important in diverse biological processes. miRNA mimics and antagomirs may be potent agents to enhance DC-based immunotherapy against cancers. miRNA array analysis was used to identify a representative miR-5119 potentially regulating PD-L1 in DCs. We evaluated levels of ligands of immune cell inhibitory receptors (IRs) and miR-5119 in DCs from immunocompetent mouse breast tumor-bearing mice, and examined the molecular targets of miR-5119. We report that miRNA-5119 was downregulated in spleen DCs from mouse breast cancer-bearing mice. In silico analysis and qPCR data showed that miRNA-5119 targeted mRNAs encoding multiple negative immune regulatory molecules, including ligands of IRs such as PD-L1 and IDO2. DCs engineered to express a miR-5119 mimic downregulated PD-L1 and prevented T cell exhaustion in mice with breast cancer homografts. Moreover, miR-5119 mimic-engineered DCs effectively restored function to exhausted CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo, resulting in robust anti-tumor cell immune response, upregulated cytokine production, reduced T cell apoptosis, and exhaustion. Treatment of 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice with miR-5119 mimic-engineered DC vaccine reduced T cell exhaustion and suppressed mouse breast tumor homograft growth. This study provides evidence supporting a novel therapeutic approach using miRNA-5119 mimic-engineered DC vaccines to regulate inhibitory receptors and enhance anti-tumor immune response in a mouse model of breast cancer. miRNA/DC-based immunotherapy has potential for advancement to the clinic as a new strategy for DC-based anti-breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanmei Shi
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Yifan Wang
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Faizah Alotaibi
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,The Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology of Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanshan Peng
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dian Gao
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Keng Yuan
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - James Koropatnick
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,The Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weiping Min
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. .,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. .,Departments of Surgery, Pathology, Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. .,The Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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49
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Sasidharan Nair V, M Toor S, Z Taha R, Ahmed AA, Kurer MA, Murshed K, Soofi ME, Ouararhni K, M. Alajez N, Abu Nada M, Elkord E. Transcriptomic Profiling of Tumor-Infiltrating CD4 +TIM-3 + T Cells Reveals Their Suppressive, Exhausted, and Metastatic Characteristics in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010071. [PMID: 32041340 PMCID: PMC7157206 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) is an immune checkpoint identified as one of the key players in regulating T-cell responses. Studies have shown that TIM-3 is upregulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the precise role of TIM-3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) TME is yet to be elucidated. We performed phenotypic and molecular characterization of TIM-3+ T cells in the TME and circulation of CRC patients by analyzing tumor tissues (TT, TILs), normal tissues (NT, NILs), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). TIM-3 was upregulated on both CD4+ and CD3+CD4− (CD8+) TILs. CD4+TIM-3+ TILs expressed higher levels of T regulatory cell (Tregs)-signature genes, including FoxP3 and Helios, compared with their TIM-3− counterparts. Transcriptomic and ingenuity pathway analyses showed that TIM-3 potentially activates inflammatory and tumor metastatic pathways. Moreover, NF-κB-mediated transcription factors were upregulated in CD4+TIM-3+ TILs, which could favor proliferation/invasion and induce inflammatory and T-cell exhaustion pathways. In addition, we found that CD4+TIM-3+ TILs potentially support tumor invasion and metastasis, compared with conventional CD4+CD25+ Tregs in the CRC TME. However, functional studies are warranted to support these findings. In conclusion, this study discloses some of the functional pathways of TIM-3+ TILs, which could improve their targeting in more specific therapeutic approaches in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Sasidharan Nair
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; (V.S.N.); (S.M.T.); (R.Z.T.); (K.O.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Salman M Toor
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; (V.S.N.); (S.M.T.); (R.Z.T.); (K.O.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Rowaida Z Taha
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; (V.S.N.); (S.M.T.); (R.Z.T.); (K.O.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Ayman A Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; (A.A.A.); (M.A.K.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Mohamed A Kurer
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; (A.A.A.); (M.A.K.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Khaled Murshed
- Department of Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; (K.M.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Madiha E Soofi
- Department of Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; (K.M.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Khalid Ouararhni
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; (V.S.N.); (S.M.T.); (R.Z.T.); (K.O.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Nehad M. Alajez
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; (V.S.N.); (S.M.T.); (R.Z.T.); (K.O.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Mohamed Abu Nada
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; (A.A.A.); (M.A.K.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; (V.S.N.); (S.M.T.); (R.Z.T.); (K.O.); (N.M.A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +974-4454-2367; Fax: +974-4454-1770
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50
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Mühlberger M, Unterweger H, Band J, Lehmann C, Heger L, Dudziak D, Alexiou C, Lee G, Janko C. Loading of Primary Human T Lymphocytes with Citrate-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Does Not Impair Their Activation after Polyclonal Stimulation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020342. [PMID: 32024193 PMCID: PMC7072432 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For the conversion of immunologically cold tumors, characterized by a low T cell infiltration, into hot tumors, it is necessary to enrich T cells in the tumor area. One possibility is the use of magnetic fields to direct T cells into the tumor. For this purpose, primary T cells that were freshly isolated from human whole blood were loaded with citrate-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONCitrate). Cell toxicity and particle uptake were investigated by flow cytometry and atomic emission spectroscopy. The optimum loading of the T cells without any major effect on their viability was achieved with a particle concentration of 75 µg Fe/mL and a loading period of 24 h. The cellular content of SPIONCitrate was sufficient to attract these T cells with a magnet which was monitored by live-cell imaging. The functionality of the T cells was only slightly influenced by SPIONCitrate, as demonstrated by in vitro stimulation assays. The proliferation rate as well as the expression of co-stimulatory and inhibitory surface molecules (programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 3 (Tim-3), C-C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), CD25, CD45RO, CD69) was investigated and found to be unchanged. Our results presented here demonstrate the feasibility of loading primary human T lymphocytes with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles without influencing their viability and functionality while achieving sufficient magnetizability for magnetically controlled targeting. Thus, the results provide a strong fundament for the transfer to tumor models and ultimately for new immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mühlberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Unterweger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.)
| | - Julia Band
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.)
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.)
| | - Geoffrey Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-33142
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