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Liu-Fei F, McKinney J, McManus BM. Viral Heart Disease: Diagnosis, Management, and Mechanisms. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:829-838. [PMID: 37003416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
"Viral heart disease" is a term encompassing numerous virus-triggered heart conditions, wherein cardiac myocytes are injured, causing contractile dysfunction, cell death, or both. Cardiotropic viruses may also damage interstitial cells and vascular cells. Clinical presentation of the disorder varies widely. In most cases, patients are asymptomatic. Presentation includes-but is not limited to-flu-like symptoms, chest pain, cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and sudden cardiac death. Laboratory studies, including blood-based heart injury indicators and cardiac imaging, may be needed. Management of viral heart disease requires a graded approach. Watchful observation at home may be the first step. Closer observation, with additional testing such as echocardiography in the clinic or hospital is less common yet may inform the use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Intensive care may be indicated in severe acute illness. Viral heart disease mechanisms are complex. Initially, damage is predominantly virus mediated, whereas, in the second week, immune responses bring unintended obverse consequences for the myocardium. Innate immunity is largely beneficial in initial attempts to quell viral replication, whereas adaptive immunity brings helpful and antigen-specific mechanisms to fight the pathogen but also introduces the capability of autoimmunity. Each cardiotropic virus family has its own pathogenesis signature, including attack on myocytes, vascular cells, and other constitutive cells of myocardial interstitium. The stage of disease and preponderant viral pathways lend opportunities for potential intervention but also the likelihood of uncertainty about management. Overall, this review provides a novel glimpse into the depth of and need for solutions in viral heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Liu-Fei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James McKinney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce M McManus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Delta, British Columbia, Canada.
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2
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Xue Y, Ke J, Zhang J, Chen M, Zeng L, Fan Q, Zheng C, Chen F. Analysis of long noncoding RNAs and messenger RNAs expression profiles in the hearts of mice with acute viral myocarditis. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28473. [PMID: 36606604 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute viral myocarditis (AVMC) is a common acute myocardial inflammation caused by viral infections, which can lead to severe cardiac dysfunction. Several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with aberrant expression have been identified in the pathogenesis of AVMC. However, the expression profiles and functions of lncRNAs in AVMC have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we constructed AVMC mouse models by intraperitoneal injection of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on heart tissues to investigate the differences in lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression profiles. Based on the cutoff criteria of adjusted p-values (padj) <0.05 and |log2FoldChange| >1, a total of 1122 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and 3186 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were screened, including 734 upregulated and 388 downregulated lncRNAs, 1821 upregulated and 1365 downregulated mRNAs. RT-qPCR analysis validated that the expression patterns of 12 randomly selected genes (6 DElncRNAs and 6 DEmRNAs) were highly consistent with those in RNA-seq, proving the reliability of the RNA-seq data. Then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in metabolic and immune-related processes. Furthermore, co-expression networks between DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were constructed to study the molecular interactions of these molecules. Our study, for the first time, reveals the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with AVMC, which may shed light on the roles of lncRNAs in disease pathogenesis and aid in discovering new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Xue
- Fourth Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Ke
- Department of Emergency, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiuyun Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mingguang Chen
- Fourth Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lijuan Zeng
- Fourth Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiaolian Fan
- Fourth Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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3
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Laissy JP, Pezel T, Herbin C, Corino C, Bendriss A. Contrast-enhanced cine MR sequences in the assessment of myocardial hyperemia in acute myocarditis: can they help? A feasibility study. Heart Vessels 2022; 38:662-670. [PMID: 36436026 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-022-02207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to assess the accuracy of contrast-enhanced balanced steady-state free precession (cine-SSFP) CMR imaging sequences to exhibit myocardial hyperemia in acute myocarditis, which has for a long time been investigated in some centers using early gadolinium enhancement (EGE) sequence. Contrast-enhanced cine-SSFP (CESSFP) sequences were compared to precontrast cine-SSFP sequences to calculate the early cine-contrast enhancement in 36 consecutive patients with acute myocarditis and 36 controls matched for age and gender. Four-chamber views images were obtained in each subject before and after gadolinium injection. Absolute and relative left ventricular myocardial enhancement of the overall myocardium, then separately of the lateral wall and interventricular septum was analyzed in telediastole. Myocarditis patients displayed higher cine-SSFP absolute enhancement than controls (overall left ventricular myocardium 2.38 ± 0.33 vs 1.84 ± 0.31; lateral wall 2.45 ± 0.35 vs 1.83 ± 0.32; and septum 2.26 ± 0.29 vs 1.82 ± 0.29, p < 0.0001 for all). Less significant differences were observed for the relative enhancement (p < 0.05 for all). Using ROC curves, the optimal threshold value of absolute enhancement to diagnose acute myocarditis was 2.05 (sensitivity: 86%; specificity: 81%). Given the simplicity of use, contrast-enhanced cine-SSFP sequences should be used as an additional diagnostic tool to detect hyperemia in acute myocarditis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Laissy
- Departments of Radiology, Hôpital Bichat AP-HP, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75877, Paris Cedex 18, France.
- Departments of Radiology, Hôpital Lariboisière APHP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France.
- INSERM U1148, University de Paris, Paris, France.
- DHU FIRE, University de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Théo Pezel
- Departments of Radiology, Hôpital Lariboisière APHP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
- Departments of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière APHP, University de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christine Herbin
- Departments of Radiology, Hôpital Lariboisière APHP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Corino
- Departments of Radiology, Hôpital Lariboisière APHP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Bendriss
- Departments of Radiology, Hôpital Bichat AP-HP, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75877, Paris Cedex 18, France
- INSERM U1148, University de Paris, Paris, France
- DHU FIRE, University de Paris, Paris, France
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RLMD-PA: A Reinforcement Learning-Based Myocarditis Diagnosis Combined with a Population-Based Algorithm for Pretraining Weights. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:8733632. [PMID: 35833074 PMCID: PMC9262570 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8733632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocarditis is heart muscle inflammation that is becoming more prevalent these days, especially with the prevalence of COVID-19. Noninvasive imaging cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can be used to diagnose myocarditis, but the interpretation is time-consuming and requires expert physicians. Computer-aided diagnostic systems can facilitate the automatic screening of CMR images for triage. This paper presents an automatic model for myocarditis classification based on a deep reinforcement learning approach called as reinforcement learning-based myocarditis diagnosis combined with population-based algorithm (RLMD-PA) that we evaluated using the Z-Alizadeh Sani myocarditis dataset of CMR images prospectively acquired at Omid Hospital, Tehran. This model addresses the imbalanced classification problem inherent to the CMR dataset and formulates the classification problem as a sequential decision-making process. The policy of architecture is based on convolutional neural network (CNN). To implement this model, we first apply the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to obtain initial values for RLMD-PA weights. Next, the agent receives a sample at each step and classifies it. For each classification act, the agent gets a reward from the environment in which the reward of the minority class is greater than the reward of the majority class. Eventually, the agent finds an optimal policy under the guidance of a particular reward function and a helpful learning environment. Experimental results based on standard performance metrics show that RLMD-PA has achieved high accuracy for myocarditis classification, indicating that the proposed model is suitable for myocarditis diagnosis.
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Malakan Rad E, Momtazmanesh S. COVID-19-induced silent myocarditis and newly developed hypertension in a 3-year-old boy. Egypt Heart J 2022; 74:44. [PMID: 35639214 PMCID: PMC9152834 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-022-00282-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 myocarditis occurs in 7-28% of patients admitted in the hospital with or without multisystem inflammatory syndrome. It may present as fulminant myocarditis. Dilated cardiomyopathy as a sequela of COVID-19 myocarditis has been reported in the pediatric population. However, to date, no case of silent COVID-19 myocarditis progressing to dilated cardiomyopathy has been reported in children. Furthermore, although newly developed hypertension as a sequela of COVID-19 infection has been reported in adults, there is no report of newly developed COVID-induced hypertension in children. We report a 3-year-old boy with silent COVID-19 myocarditis progressing to dilated cardiomyopathy and newly developed systemic hypertension. CASE PRESENTATION A 3-year-old boy was referred to the emergency department because of respiratory distress. The parents gave a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the child 5 months ago that was manifested as fever and cough, for which he was treated as an outpatient. Echocardiographic examination revealed a severe decrease in left ventricular systolic function in favor of dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging established the diagnosis of myocarditis. The patient left ventricular systolic function did not improve after 2 weeks of intravenous inotropic support. Therefore, the child was transferred to another tertiary center with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and pediatric cardiac transplantation facilities. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 can induce silent myocarditis with progression to dilated cardiomyopathy and newly developed systemic hypertension. Thus, a thorough examination of the heart and measurement of blood pressure are mandatory in every child with COVID-19 infection. Cardiac MR is an indispensable tool in the diagnosis, follow-up, and prognostication of COVID-19 myocarditis. Moreover, four-chamber speckle tracking strain imaging showed apical rocking in all the four heart chambers in this child with opposite direction in the failed left ventricle compared with other cardiac chambers. Lastly, the presence of septal flash on M-mode echocardiography, apical rocking and prestretch-rebound stretch patterns on longitudinal strain imaging of the failed left ventricle in this child may be of predictive value for response to cardiac resynchronization therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Malakan Rad
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Medical Center (Pediatric Center of Excellence), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Momtazmanesh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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A Review of the Role of Imaging Modalities in the Evaluation of Viral Myocarditis with a Special Focus on COVID-19-Related Myocarditis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020549. [PMID: 35204637 PMCID: PMC8870822 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium secondary to viral infection. The clinical presentation of viral myocarditis is very heterogeneous and can range from nonspecific symptoms of malaise and fatigue in subclinical disease to a more florid presentation, such as acute cardiogenic shock and sudden cardiac death in severe cases. The accurate and prompt diagnosis of viral myocarditis is very challenging. Endomyocardial biopsy is considered to be the gold standard test to confirm viral myocarditis; however, it is an invasive procedure, and the sensitivity is low when myocardial involvement is focal. Cardiac imaging hence plays an essential role in the noninvasive evaluation of viral myocarditis. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has generated considerable interest in the use of imaging in the early detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related myocarditis. This article reviews the role of various cardiac imaging modalities used in the diagnosis and assessment of viral myocarditis, including COVID-19-related myocarditis.
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Sharifrazi D, Alizadehsani R, Joloudari JH, Band SS, Hussain S, Sani ZA, Hasanzadeh F, Shoeibi A, Dehzangi A, Sookhak M, Alinejad-Rokny H. CNN-KCL: Automatic myocarditis diagnosis using convolutional neural network combined with k-means clustering. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:2381-2402. [PMID: 35240789 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Myocarditis is the form of an inflammation of the middle layer of the heart wall which is caused by a viral infection and can affect the heart muscle and its electrical system. It has remained one of the most challenging diagnoses in cardiology. Myocardial is the prime cause of unexpected death in approximately 20% of adults less than 40 years of age. Cardiac MRI (CMR) has been considered a noninvasive and golden standard diagnostic tool for suspected myocarditis and plays an indispensable role in diagnosing various cardiac diseases. However, the performance of CMR depends heavily on the clinical presentation and features such as chest pain, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Besides, other imaging factors like artifacts, technical errors, pulse sequence, acquisition parameters, contrast agent dose, and more importantly qualitatively visual interpretation can affect the result of the diagnosis. This paper introduces a new deep learning-based model called Convolutional Neural Network-Clustering (CNN-KCL) to diagnose Myocarditis. In this study, we used 47 subjects with a total number of 98,898 images to diagnose myocarditis disease. Our results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 97.41% based on 10 fold-cross validation technique with 4 clusters for diagnosis of Myocarditis. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first to use deep learning algorithms for the diagnosis of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Sharifrazi
- Department of Computer Engineering, School of Technical and Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, IR
| | - Roohallah Alizadehsani
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, AU
| | | | - Shahab S Band
- Future Technology Research Center, College of Future, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, TW
| | - Sadiq Hussain
- System Administrator, Dibrugarh University, Assam 786004, IN
| | - Zahra Alizadeh Sani
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Omid hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR
| | | | - Afshin Shoeibi
- FPGA Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, IR
| | - Abdollah Dehzangi
- Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Mehdi Sookhak
- Department of Computer Science, Texas A & M University at Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Hamid Alinejad-Rokny
- BioMedical Machine Learning Lab (BML), The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, AU
- Health Data Analytics Program, AI-enabled Processes (AIP) Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, AU
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8
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Established and Emerging Techniques for Pericardial Imaging with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:169. [PMID: 34622359 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-021-01595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pericardial diseases include a wide range of pathologies and their diagnosis can often be challenging. The goal of this review is to describe the established and emerging CMR imaging techniques used in the assessment of common pericardial diseases and explain the role of pericardial characterization in their diagnosis and management. RECENT FINDINGS CMR is indicated in cases of diagnostic uncertainty and for a comprehensive evaluation of the pericardium and its impact on the heart. This includes assessment of pericardial anatomy and associated cardiac hemodynamics, quantification and characterization of an effusion, disease staging, tissue characterization, guiding management, and even prognostication in some diseases of the pericardium. An emerging technique, pericardial characterization, utilizes various sequences to diagnose and stage pericardial inflammation, act as a biomarker in recurrent pericarditis, and guide management in inflammatory pericardial conditions. Beyond imaging, it has ushered in an era of tailored therapy for patients with pericardial diseases. Future directions should aim at exploring the role of tissue characterization in various pericardial diseases.
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Leiner T, Bogaert J, Friedrich MG, Mohiaddin R, Muthurangu V, Myerson S, Powell AJ, Raman SV, Pennell DJ. SCMR Position Paper (2020) on clinical indications for cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020; 22:76. [PMID: 33161900 PMCID: PMC7649060 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-020-00682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) last published its comprehensive expert panel report of clinical indications for CMR in 2004. This new Consensus Panel report brings those indications up to date for 2020 and includes the very substantial increase in scanning techniques, clinical applicability and adoption of CMR worldwide. We have used a nearly identical grading system for indications as in 2004 to ensure comparability with the previous report but have added the presence of randomized controlled trials as evidence for level 1 indications. In addition to the text, tables of the consensus indication levels are included for rapid assimilation and illustrative figures of some key techniques are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, E.01.132, Utrecht University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Bogaert
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Catholic University Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias G Friedrich
- Departments of Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Raad Mohiaddin
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vivek Muthurangu
- Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Science & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Saul Myerson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Andrew J Powell
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Farley, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Farley, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Subha V Raman
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10th Street, Fairbanks Hall, Suite 6200, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3082, USA
| | - Dudley J Pennell
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK
- Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Sanguineti F, Garot J, Hovasse T, Unterseeh T, Champagne S, Garot P. [IRM et myocardite infectieuse]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2020; 69:418-423. [PMID: 33069385 PMCID: PMC7556279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Au cours des dix dernières années, l’IRM cardiaque est devenue un outil incontournable pour le diagnostic de myocardite aiguë. Elle peut, sous certaines conditions, permettre de surseoir à la coronarographie initiale dans de nombreuses situations. Son utilisation est préconisée en classe I, dans la situation du MINOCA, dans les recommandations de l’ESC de septembre 2020, pour permettre d’établir un diagnostic de certitude entre infarctus aigu, myocardite, Tako-Tsubo, ou autres cardiopathies en permettant d’améliorer la prise en charge thérapeutique et le suivi. Cet article reprend les principes techniques de l’IRM dans la myocardite (critères diagnostiques de Lake Louise et critères basés sur la cartographie tissulaire myocardique), les principaux diagnostics différentiels et la valeur pronostique, ainsi que la myocardite associée au COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sanguineti
- IRM cardiovasculaire, institut cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, Ramsay santé, 6, avenue du Noyer-Lambert, 91300 Massy, France
| | - J Garot
- IRM cardiovasculaire, institut cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, Ramsay santé, 6, avenue du Noyer-Lambert, 91300 Massy, France.
| | - T Hovasse
- IRM cardiovasculaire, institut cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, Ramsay santé, 6, avenue du Noyer-Lambert, 91300 Massy, France
| | - T Unterseeh
- IRM cardiovasculaire, institut cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, Ramsay santé, 6, avenue du Noyer-Lambert, 91300 Massy, France
| | - S Champagne
- IRM cardiovasculaire, institut cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, Ramsay santé, 6, avenue du Noyer-Lambert, 91300 Massy, France
| | - P Garot
- IRM cardiovasculaire, institut cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, Ramsay santé, 6, avenue du Noyer-Lambert, 91300 Massy, France
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11
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Comparison of 3D and 2D late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging in patients with acute and chronic myocarditis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 37:305-313. [PMID: 32793996 PMCID: PMC7878221 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-01966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We compared a fast, single breath-hold three dimensional LGE sequence (3D LGE) with an established two dimensional multi breath-hold sequence (2D LGE) and evaluated image quality and the amount of myocardial fibrosis in patients with acute and chronic myocarditis. 3D LGE and 2D LGE (both spatial resolution 1.5 × 1.5 mm2, slice-thickness 8 mm, field of view 350 × 350 mm2) were acquired in 25 patients with acute myocarditis (mean age 40 ± 18 years, 7 female) and 27 patients with chronic myocarditis (mean age 44 ± 22 years, 9 female) on a 1.5 T MR system. Image quality was evaluated by two independent, blinded readers using a 5-point Likert scale. Total myocardial mass, fibrotic mass and total fibrotic tissue percentage were quantified for both sequences in both groups. There was no significant difference in image quality between 3D und 2D acquisitions in patients with acute (p = 0.8) and chronic (p = 0.5) myocarditis. No significant differences between 3D and 2D acquisitions could be shown for myocardial mass (acute p = 0.2; chronic p = 0.3), fibrous tissue mass (acute p = 0.7; chronic p = 0.1) and total fibrous percentage (acute p = 0.4 and chronic p = 0.2). Inter-observer agreement was substantial to almost perfect. Acquisition time was significantly shorter for 3D LGE (24 ± 5 s) as compared to 2D LGE (350 ± 58 s, p < 0.001). In patients with acute and chronic myocarditis 3D LGE imaging shows equal diagnostic quality compared to standard 2D LGE imaging but with significantly reduced acquisition time.
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12
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Chetrit M, Xu B, Kwon DH, Ramchand J, Rodriguez RE, Tan CD, Jellis CL, Johnston DR, Renapurkar RD, Cremer PC, Klein AL. Imaging-Guided Therapies for Pericardial Diseases. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13:1422-1437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Akute Herzinsuffizienz einer Freizeitsportlerin. Radiologe 2019; 59:454-456. [DOI: 10.1007/s00117-019-0527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pilypas AA, Raišelienė G, Valaikienė J. Lyme disease and heart transplantation: presentation of a clinical case and a literature review. Acta Med Litu 2019; 26:173-180. [PMID: 32015672 PMCID: PMC6992363 DOI: 10.6001/actamedica.v26i3.4147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lyme disease, the most common anthropozoonosis, is a transmissible natural focal infection affecting various organs and systems. Also known as Lyme borreliosis, it is caused by Borrelia spirochetes, which are distributed by ticks of the genus Ixodes. Early diagnosis is difficult due to frequent occurrence of atypical symptoms, unnoticed tick bites, the absence of migratory erythematous lesions, and symptoms occurring during the non-tick season. If not diagnosed and treated in time, dissemination of the infection occurs and various complications develop since borrelias damage not only the skin but also the nervous system, joints, and, in rare cases, the heart and eyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article presents a clinical case of Lyme borreliosis-induced myocarditis, which led to the development of dilated cardiomyopathy and, consequently, urgent cardiac transplantation. According to our data, this is one of the first described cases of this complication in the world. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS When diagnosed in time and treated properly, the prognosis of Lyme myocarditis is usually good. In most cases, the atrioventricular block disappears within 1-2 weeks of antibiotic treatment and the implantation of a temporary pacemaker is rarely needed. In those rare cases of a chronic Borrelia burgdorferi infection, dilated cardiomyopathy may develop; thus if a sudden atrioventricular block occurs, the physician should be vigilant and perform the necessary tests to exclude the diagnosis of Lyme disease. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS When diagnosed in time and treated properly, the prognosis of Lyme myocarditis is usually good. In most cases, the atrioventricular block disappears within 1-2 weeks of antibiotic treatment and the implantation of a temporary pacemaker is rarely needed. In those rare cases of a chronic Borrelia burgdorferi infection, dilated cardiomyopathy may develop; thus if a sudden atrioventricular block occurs, the physician should be vigilant and perform the necessary tests to exclude the diagnosis of Lyme disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giedrutė Raišelienė
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Valaikienė
- Centre of Neurology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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