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Moreno-Cabrera JM, Feliubadaló L, Pineda M, Prada-Dacasa P, Ramos-Muntada M, Del Valle J, Brunet J, Gel B, Currás-Freixes M, Calsina B, Salazar-Hidalgo ME, Rodríguez-Balada M, Roig B, Fernández-Castillejo S, Durán Domínguez M, Arranz Ledo M, Infante Sanz M, Castillejo A, Dámaso E, Soto JL, de Miguel M, Hidalgo Calero B, Sánchez-Zapardiel JM, Ramon Y Cajal T, Lasa A, Gisbert-Beamud A, López-Novo A, Ruiz-Ponte C, Potrony M, Álvarez-Mora MI, Osorio A, Lorda-Sánchez I, Robledo M, Cascón A, Ruiz A, Spataro N, Hernan I, Borràs E, Moles-Fernández A, Earl J, Cadiñanos J, Sánchez-Heras AB, Bigas A, Capellá G, Lázaro C. SpadaHC: a database to improve the classification of variants in hereditary cancer genes in the Spanish population. Database (Oxford) 2024; 2024:baae055. [PMID: 38965703 PMCID: PMC11223915 DOI: 10.1093/database/baae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Accurate classification of genetic variants is crucial for clinical decision-making in hereditary cancer. In Spain, genetic diagnostic laboratories have traditionally approached this task independently due to the lack of a dedicated resource. Here we present SpadaHC, a web-based database for sharing variants in hereditary cancer genes in the Spanish population. SpadaHC is implemented using a three-tier architecture consisting of a relational database, a web tool and a bioinformatics pipeline. Contributing laboratories can share variant classifications and variants from individuals in Variant Calling Format (VCF) format. The platform supports open and restricted access, flexible dataset submissions, automatic pseudo-anonymization, VCF quality control, variant normalization and liftover between genome builds. Users can flexibly explore and search data, receive automatic discrepancy notifications and access SpadaHC population frequencies based on many criteria. In February 2024, SpadaHC included 18 laboratory members, storing 1.17 million variants from 4306 patients and 16 343 laboratory classifications. In the first analysis of the shared data, we identified 84 genetic variants with clinically relevant discrepancies in their classifications and addressed them through a three-phase resolution strategy. This work highlights the importance of data sharing to promote consistency in variant classifications among laboratories, so patients and family members can benefit from more accurate clinical management. Database URL: https://spadahc.ciberisciii.es/.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Moreno-Cabrera
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL-ONCOBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Lidia Feliubadaló
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL-ONCOBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Pineda
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL-ONCOBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Patricia Prada-Dacasa
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL-ONCOBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Mireia Ramos-Muntada
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL-ONCOBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Jesús Del Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL-ONCOBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL-ONCOBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Bernat Gel
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - María Currás-Freixes
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Bruna Calsina
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Milton E Salazar-Hidalgo
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Balada
- Institut d’Oncologia de la Catalunya Sud (IOCS), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus (HUSJR), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Dr. Josep Laporte, 2, Reus 43204, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Roig
- Institut d’Oncologia de la Catalunya Sud (IOCS), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus (HUSJR), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Dr. Josep Laporte, 2, Reus 43204, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Institut d’Oncologia de la Catalunya Sud (IOCS), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus (HUSJR), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Dr. Josep Laporte, 2, Reus 43204, Spain
| | - Mercedes Durán Domínguez
- Cancer Genetics Group, Unit of Excellence Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics, University of Valladolid-Spanish National Research Council (IBGM, UVa- CSIC), Sanz y Fores, 3, Valladolid 47003, Spain
| | - Mónica Arranz Ledo
- Cancer Genetics Group, Unit of Excellence Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics, University of Valladolid-Spanish National Research Council (IBGM, UVa- CSIC), Sanz y Fores, 3, Valladolid 47003, Spain
| | - Mar Infante Sanz
- Cancer Genetics Group, Unit of Excellence Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics, University of Valladolid-Spanish National Research Council (IBGM, UVa- CSIC), Sanz y Fores, 3, Valladolid 47003, Spain
| | - Adela Castillejo
- Unidad de Genética Molecular, Hospital General Universitario de Elche. Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Av. de Catalunya, 21, Elche 03203, Spain
| | - Estela Dámaso
- Unidad de Genética Molecular, Hospital General Universitario de Elche. Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Av. de Catalunya, 21, Elche 03203, Spain
| | - José L Soto
- Unidad de Genética Molecular, Hospital General Universitario de Elche. Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Av. de Catalunya, 21, Elche 03203, Spain
| | - Montserrat de Miguel
- Laboratorio de cáncer hereditario, Servicio de Bioquímica clínica-Análisis clínicos, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Beatriz Hidalgo Calero
- Laboratorio de cáncer hereditario, Servicio de Bioquímica clínica-Análisis clínicos, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - José M Sánchez-Zapardiel
- Laboratorio de cáncer hereditario, Servicio de Bioquímica clínica-Análisis clínicos, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Teresa Ramon Y Cajal
- Familial Cancer Clinic, Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, 89, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Adriana Lasa
- Genetics Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, 89, Barcelona 08041, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | | | - Anael López-Novo
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-USC, Av. Barcelona, s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Biomedical Network Research Centre On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-USC, Av. Barcelona, s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Miriam Potrony
- Biomedical Network Research Centre On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Rosselló, 149, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - María I Álvarez-Mora
- Biomedical Network Research Centre On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Rosselló, 149, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Ana Osorio
- Biomedical Network Research Centre On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Departamento de Genética y Genómica, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Av. de los Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Isabel Lorda-Sánchez
- Biomedical Network Research Centre On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Departamento de Genética y Genómica, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Av. de los Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Biomedical Network Research Centre On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Alberto Cascón
- Biomedical Network Research Centre On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz
- Genetics Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Torre de l’Aigua, s/n, Sabadell 08208, Spain
| | - Nino Spataro
- Genetics Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Torre de l’Aigua, s/n, Sabadell 08208, Spain
| | - Imma Hernan
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Ctra. Torrebonica, S/N, Terrassa 08227, Spain
| | - Emma Borràs
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Ctra. Torrebonica, S/N, Terrassa 08227, Spain
| | - Alejandro Moles-Fernández
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Pg. de la Vall d’Hebron, 119, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Pg. de la Vall d’Hebron, 119, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Julie Earl
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer Group (BioPAC), Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9,100, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Juan Cadiñanos
- Fundación Centro Médico de Asturias, José María Richard Grandío, s/n, Oviedo, Asturias 33193, Spain
| | - Ana B Sánchez-Heras
- Cancer Genetic Counseling Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Elche General University Hospital, Almazara, 11, Elche 03203, Spain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellá
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL-ONCOBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL-ONCOBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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Chong JX, Berger SI, Baxter S, Smith E, Xiao C, Calame DG, Hawley MH, Rivera-Munoz EA, DiTroia S, Bamshad MJ, Rehm HL. Considerations for reporting variants in novel candidate genes identified during clinical genomic testing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.05.579012. [PMID: 38370830 PMCID: PMC10871197 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.579012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Since the first novel gene discovery for a Mendelian condition was made via exome sequencing (ES), the rapid increase in the number of genes known to underlie Mendelian conditions coupled with the adoption of exome (and more recently, genome) sequencing by diagnostic testing labs has changed the landscape of genomic testing for rare disease. Specifically, many individuals suspected to have a Mendelian condition are now routinely offered clinical ES. This commonly results in a precise genetic diagnosis but frequently overlooks the identification of novel candidate genes. Such candidates are also less likely to be identified in the absence of large-scale gene discovery research programs. Accordingly, clinical laboratories have both the opportunity, and some might argue a responsibility, to contribute to novel gene discovery which should in turn increase the diagnostic yield for many conditions. However, clinical diagnostic laboratories must necessarily balance priorities for throughput, turnaround time, cost efficiency, clinician preferences, and regulatory constraints, and often do not have the infrastructure or resources to effectively participate in either clinical translational or basic genome science research efforts. For these and other reasons, many laboratories have historically refrained from broadly sharing potentially pathogenic variants in novel genes via networks like Matchmaker Exchange, much less reporting such results to ordering providers. Efforts to report such results are further complicated by a lack of guidelines for clinical reporting and interpretation of variants in novel candidate genes. Nevertheless, there are myriad benefits for many stakeholders, including patients/families, clinicians, researchers, if clinical laboratories systematically and routinely identify, share, and report novel candidate genes. To facilitate this change in practice, we developed criteria for triaging, sharing, and reporting novel candidate genes that are most likely to be promptly validated as underlying a Mendelian condition and translated to use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica X. Chong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357371, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357657, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Seth I. Berger
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Research Institute, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Samantha Baxter
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Erica Smith
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Ambry Genetics, 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA, 92656, USA
| | - Changrui Xiao
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, 200 South Manchester Ave. St 206E, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Daniel G. Calame
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neurosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Megan H. Hawley
- Clinical Operations, Invitae, 485F US-1 Suite 110, Iselin, NJ, 08830, USA
| | - E. Andres Rivera-Munoz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza T605, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie DiTroia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357371, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357657, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Heidi L. Rehm
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Casaletto J, Bernier A, McDougall R, Cline MS. Federated Analysis for Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing: A Technical and Legal Primer. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2023; 24:347-368. [PMID: 37253596 PMCID: PMC10846631 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-110122-084756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Continued advances in precision medicine rely on the widespread sharing of data that relate human genetic variation to disease. However, data sharing is severely limited by legal, regulatory, and ethical restrictions that safeguard patient privacy. Federated analysis addresses this problem by transferring the code to the data-providing the technical and legal capability to analyze the data within their secure home environment rather than transferring the data to another institution for analysis. This allows researchers to gain new insights from data that cannot be moved, while respecting patient privacy and the data stewards' legal obligations. Because federated analysis is a technical solution to the legal challenges inherent in data sharing, the technology and policy implications must be evaluated together. Here, we summarize the technical approaches to federated analysis and provide a legal analysis of their policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Casaletto
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; ,
| | - Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; ,
| | - Robyn McDougall
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; ,
| | - Melissa S Cline
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; ,
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Kerr SM, Cowan E, Klaric L, Bell C, O'Sullivan D, Buchanan D, Grzymski JJ, van Hout CV, Tzoneva G, Shuldiner AR, Wilson JF, Miedzybrodzka Z. Clinical case study meets population cohort: identification of a BRCA1 pathogenic founder variant in Orcadians. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:588-595. [PMID: 36927983 PMCID: PMC10172333 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We multiply ascertained the BRCA1 pathogenic missense variant c.5207T > C; p.Val1736Ala (V1736A) in clinical investigation of breast and ovarian cancer families from Orkney in the Northern Isles of Scotland, UK. We sought to investigate the frequency and clinical relevance of this variant in those of Orcadian ancestry as an exemplar of the value of population cohorts in clinical care, especially in isolated populations. Oral history and birth, marriage and death registrations indicated genealogical linkage of the clinical cases to ancestors from the Isle of Westray, Orkney. Further clinical cases were identified through targeted testing for V1736A in women of Orcadian ancestry attending National Health Service (NHS) genetic clinics for breast and ovarian cancer family risk assessments. The variant segregates with female breast and ovarian cancer in clinically ascertained cases. Separately, exome sequence data from 2088 volunteer participants with three or more Orcadian grandparents, in the ORCADES research cohort, was interrogated to estimate the population prevalence of V1736A in Orcadians. The effects of the variant were assessed using Electronic Health Record (EHR) linkage. Twenty out of 2088 ORCADES research volunteers (~1%) carry V1736A, with a common haplotype around the variant. This allele frequency is ~480-fold higher than in UK Biobank participants. Cost-effectiveness of population screening for BRCA1 founder pathogenic variants has been demonstrated at a carrier frequency below the ~1% observed here. Thus we suggest that Orcadian women should be offered testing for the BRCA1 V1736A founder pathogenic variant, starting with those with known Westray ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona M Kerr
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Emma Cowan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ashgrove House, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZA, UK
| | - Lucija Klaric
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Christine Bell
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ashgrove House, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZA, UK
| | - Dawn O'Sullivan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ashgrove House, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZA, UK
| | - David Buchanan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Joseph J Grzymski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA
- Renown Health, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Cristopher V van Hout
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigatión sobre el Genoma Humano, Campus Juriquilla de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | | | | | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Zosia Miedzybrodzka
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ashgrove House, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZA, UK.
- Medical Genetics Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, Nutrition and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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5
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Tudini E, Andrews J, Lawrence DM, King-Smith SL, Baker N, Baxter L, Beilby J, Bennetts B, Beshay V, Black M, Boughtwood TF, Brion K, Cheong PL, Christie M, Christodoulou J, Chong B, Cox K, Davis MR, Dejong L, Dinger ME, Doig KD, Douglas E, Dubowsky A, Ellul M, Fellowes A, Fisk K, Fortuno C, Friend K, Gallagher RL, Gao S, Hackett E, Hadler J, Hipwell M, Ho G, Hollway G, Hooper AJ, Kassahn KS, Krishnaraj R, Lau C, Le H, San Leong H, Lundie B, Lunke S, Marty A, McPhillips M, Nguyen LT, Nones K, Palmer K, Pearson JV, Quinn MC, Rawlings LH, Sadedin S, Sanchez L, Schreiber AW, Sigalas E, Simsek A, Soubrier J, Stark Z, Thompson BA, U J, Vakulin CG, Wells AV, Wise CA, Woods R, Ziolkowski A, Brion MJ, Scott HS, Thorne NP, Spurdle AB. Shariant platform: Enabling evidence sharing across Australian clinical genetic-testing laboratories to support variant interpretation. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1960-1973. [PMID: 36332611 PMCID: PMC9674965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sharing genomic variant interpretations across laboratories promotes consistency in variant assertions. A landscape analysis of Australian clinical genetic-testing laboratories in 2017 identified that, despite the national-accreditation-body recommendations encouraging laboratories to submit genotypic data to clinical databases, fewer than 300 variants had been shared to the ClinVar public database. Consultations with Australian laboratories identified resource constraints limiting routine application of manual processes, consent issues, and differences in interpretation systems as barriers to sharing. This information was used to define key needs and solutions required to enable national sharing of variant interpretations. The Shariant platform, using both the GRCh37 and GRCh38 genome builds, was developed to enable ongoing sharing of variant interpretations and associated evidence between Australian clinical genetic-testing laboratories. Where possible, two-way automated sharing was implemented so that disruption to laboratory workflows would be minimized. Terms of use were developed through consultation and currently restrict access to Australian clinical genetic-testing laboratories. Shariant was designed to store and compare structured evidence, to promote and record resolution of inter-laboratory classification discrepancies, and to streamline the submission of variant assertions to ClinVar. As of December 2021, more than 14,000 largely prospectively curated variant records from 11 participating laboratories have been shared. Discrepant classifications have been identified for 11% (28/260) of variants submitted by more than one laboratory. We have demonstrated that co-design with clinical laboratories is vital to developing and implementing a national variant-interpretation sharing effort. This approach has improved inter-laboratory concordance and enabled opportunities to standardize interpretation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tudini
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - James Andrews
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Australian Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David M. Lawrence
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sarah L. King-Smith
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Naomi Baker
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | - John Beilby
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bruce Bennetts
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia,Disciplines of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Victoria Beshay
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Black
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tiffany F. Boughtwood
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | - Pak Leng Cheong
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia,University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Christie
- Department of Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Disciplines of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Belinda Chong
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kathy Cox
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mark R. Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lucas Dejong
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Marcel E. Dinger
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kenneth D. Doig
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Evelyn Douglas
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Andrew Dubowsky
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Melissa Ellul
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Andrew Fellowes
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Katrina Fisk
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Cristina Fortuno
- Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Kathryn Friend
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | | | - Song Gao
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Emma Hackett
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Johanna Hadler
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Hipwell
- Division of Molecular Medicine, NSW Health Pathology North, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Gladys Ho
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia,Disciplines of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Georgina Hollway
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia,Cancer Research, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Amanda J. Hooper
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, WA 6150, Australia,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Karin S. Kassahn
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Rahul Krishnaraj
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Chiyan Lau
- Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Huong Le
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Huei San Leong
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ben Lundie
- Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anthony Marty
- Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mary McPhillips
- Division of Molecular Medicine, NSW Health Pathology North, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Lan T. Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- Cancer Research, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Kristen Palmer
- Genomics Statewide Services, New South Wales Health Pathology, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - John V. Pearson
- Genome Informatics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Michael C.J. Quinn
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Lesley H. Rawlings
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Simon Sadedin
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Louisa Sanchez
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Andreas W. Schreiber
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Emanouil Sigalas
- Department of Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Aygul Simsek
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Julien Soubrier
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Bryony A. Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - James U
- Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | - Amanda V. Wells
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Cheryl A. Wise
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rick Woods
- Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Andrew Ziolkowski
- Division of Molecular Medicine, NSW Health Pathology North, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Marie-Jo Brion
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Australian Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia,Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Natalie P. Thorne
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Amanda B. Spurdle
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia,Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia,Corresponding author
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6
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DiStefano MT, Goehringer S, Babb L, Alkuraya FS, Amberger J, Amin M, Austin-Tse C, Balzotti M, Berg JS, Birney E, Bocchini C, Bruford EA, Coffey AJ, Collins H, Cunningham F, Daugherty LC, Einhorn Y, Firth HV, Fitzpatrick DR, Foulger RE, Goldstein J, Hamosh A, Hurles MR, Leigh SE, Leong IUS, Maddirevula S, Martin CL, McDonagh EM, Olry A, Puzriakova A, Radtke K, Ramos EM, Rath A, Riggs ER, Roberts AM, Rodwell C, Snow C, Stark Z, Tahiliani J, Tweedie S, Ware JS, Weller P, Williams E, Wright CF, Yates TM, Rehm HL. The Gene Curation Coalition: A global effort to harmonize gene-disease evidence resources. Genet Med 2022; 24:1732-1742. [PMID: 35507016 PMCID: PMC7613247 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several groups and resources provide information that pertains to the validity of gene-disease relationships used in genomic medicine and research; however, universal standards and terminologies to define the evidence base for the role of a gene in disease and a single harmonized resource were lacking. To tackle this issue, the Gene Curation Coalition (GenCC) was formed. METHODS The GenCC drafted harmonized definitions for differing levels of gene-disease validity on the basis of existing resources, and performed a modified Delphi survey with 3 rounds to narrow the list of terms. The GenCC also developed a unified database to display curated gene-disease validity assertions from its members. RESULTS On the basis of 241 survey responses from the genetics community, a consensus term set was chosen for grading gene-disease validity and database submissions. As of December 2021, the database contained 15,241 gene-disease assertions on 4569 unique genes from 12 submitters. When comparing submissions to the database from distinct sources, conflicts in assertions of gene-disease validity ranged from 5.3% to 13.4%. CONCLUSION Terminology standardization, sharing of gene-disease validity classifications, and resolution of curation conflicts will facilitate collaborations across international curation efforts and in turn, improve consistency in genetic testing and variant interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina T DiStefano
- Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Lawrence Babb
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanna Amberger
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Christina Austin-Tse
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Mass General Brigham Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Jonathan S Berg
- Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ewan Birney
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Bocchini
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elspeth A Bruford
- HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J Coffey
- Illumina Clinical Services Laboratory, Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA
| | - Heather Collins
- National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD; ICF International Inc, Fairfax, VA
| | - Fiona Cunningham
- Genome Interpretation, Genome Assembly and Annotation (GAA), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louise C Daugherty
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Healx Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Helen V Firth
- Department of Medical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David R Fitzpatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E Foulger
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; SciBite Limited, BioData Innovation Centre, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Goldstein
- Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ada Hamosh
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Sarah E Leigh
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivone U S Leong
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sateesh Maddirevula
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ellen M McDonagh
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Open Targets, EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Arina Puzriakova
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Erin M Ramos
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD
| | - Ana Rath
- INSERM, US14 - Orphanet, Paris, France
| | | | - Angharad M Roberts
- National Heart and Lung Institute & MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Catherine Snow
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Susan Tweedie
- HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James S Ware
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; National Heart and Lung Institute & MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Weller
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA
| | - Eleanor Williams
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline F Wright
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Thabo Michael Yates
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
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7
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Casaletto J, Parsons M, Markello C, Iwasaki Y, Momozawa Y, Spurdle AB, Cline M. Federated analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variation in a Japanese cohort. CELL GENOMICS 2022; 2:100109. [PMID: 35373174 PMCID: PMC8975122 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
More than 40% of the germline variants in ClinVar today are variants of uncertain significance (VUSs). These variants remain unclassified in part because the patient-level data needed for their interpretation is siloed. Federated analysis can overcome this problem by "bringing the code to the data": analyzing the sensitive patient-level data computationally within its secure home institution and providing researchers with valuable insights from data that would not otherwise be accessible. We tested this principle with a federated analysis of breast cancer clinical data at RIKEN, derived from the BioBank Japan repository. We were able to analyze these data within RIKEN's secure computational framework without the need to transfer the data, gathering evidence for the interpretation of several variants. This exercise represents an approach to help realize the core charter of the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH): to responsibly share genomic data for the benefit of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Casaletto
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Mail Stop: Genomics, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Michael Parsons
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd., Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Charles Markello
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Mail Stop: Genomics, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Yusuke Iwasaki
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Amanda B. Spurdle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd., Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Melissa Cline
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Mail Stop: Genomics, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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8
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McMahon A, Lewis E, Buniello A, Cerezo M, Hall P, Sollis E, Parkinson H, Hindorff LA, Harris LW, MacArthur JA. Sequencing-based genome-wide association studies reporting standards. CELL GENOMICS 2021; 1:100005. [PMID: 34870259 PMCID: PMC8637874 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2021.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Genome sequencing has recently become a viable genotyping technology for use in genome-wide association studies (GWASs), offering the potential to analyze a broader range of genome-wide variation, including rare variants. To survey current standards, we assessed the content and quality of reporting of statistical methods, analyses, results, and datasets in 167 exome- or genome-wide-sequencing-based GWAS publications published from 2014 to 2020; 81% of publications included tests of aggregate association across multiple variants, with multiple test models frequently used. We observed a lack of standardized terms and incomplete reporting of datasets, particularly for variants analyzed in aggregate tests. We also find a lower frequency of sharing of summary statistics compared with array-based GWASs. Reporting standards and increased data sharing are required to ensure sequencing-based association study data are findable, interoperable, accessible, and reusable (FAIR). To support that, we recommend adopting the standard terminology of sequencing-based GWAS (seqGWAS). Further, we recommend that single-variant analyses be reported following the same standards and conventions as standard array-based GWASs and be shared in the GWAS Catalog. We also provide initial recommended standards for aggregate analyses metadata and summary statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife McMahon
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK,Corresponding author
| | - Elizabeth Lewis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Annalisa Buniello
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Maria Cerezo
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Peggy Hall
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elliot Sollis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK,Corresponding author
| | - Lucia A. Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laura W. Harris
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jacqueline A.L. MacArthur
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK,BHF Data Science Centre, Health Data Research UK, London, UK
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9
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Jéru I. Genetics of lipodystrophy syndromes. Presse Med 2021; 50:104074. [PMID: 34562561 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophic syndromes (LS) constitute a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by a loss of adipose tissue. These syndromes are usually associated with metabolic complications, which are determinant for morbidity and mortality. The classical forms of LS include partial, generalized, and progeroid lipodystrophies. They are usually due to defects in proteins playing a key role in adipogenesis and adipocyte functions. More recently, systemic disorders combining lipodystrophy and multiple organ dysfunction have been described, including autoinflammatory syndromes, mitochondrial disorders, as well as other complex entities. To date, more than thirty genes have been implicated in the monogenic forms of LS, but the majority of them remain genetically-unexplained. The associated pathophysiological mechanisms also remain to be clarified in many instances. Next generation sequencing-based approaches allow simultaneous testing of multiple genes and have become crucial to speed up the identification of new disease-causing genes. The challenge for geneticists is now the interpretation of the amount of available genetic data, generated especially by exome and whole-genome sequencing. International recommendations on the interpretation and classification of variants have been set up and are regularly reassessed. Very close collaboration between geneticists, clinicians, and researchers will be necessary to make rapid progress in understanding the molecular and cellular basis of these diseases, and to promote personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Jéru
- Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris 75012, France.
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10
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Tayal U, Ware JS, Lakdawala NK, Heymans S, Prasad SK. Understanding the genetics of adult-onset dilated cardiomyopathy: what a clinician needs to know. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:2384-2396. [PMID: 34153989 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing understanding of the genetic basis to dilated cardiomyopathy and in this review, we offer a practical primer for the practising clinician. We aim to help all clinicians involved in the care of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy to understand the clinical relevance of the genetic basis of dilated cardiomyopathy, introduce key genetic concepts, explain which patients and families may benefit from genetic testing, which genetic tests are commonly performed, how to interpret genetic results, and the clinical applications of results. We conclude by reviewing areas for future research in this dynamic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Tayal
- National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
| | - James S Ware
- National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, London, UK.,MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Neal K Lakdawala
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, KU, Belgium.,The Netherlands Heart Institute, Nl-HI, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjay K Prasad
- National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
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11
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Mighton C, Smith AC, Mayers J, Tomaszewski R, Taylor S, Hume S, Agatep R, Spriggs E, Feilotter HE, Semenuk L, Wong H, Lazo de la Vega L, Marshall CR, Axford MM, Silver T, Charames GS, Di Gioacchino V, Watkins N, Foulkes WD, Clavier M, Hamel N, Chong G, Lamont RE, Parboosingh J, Karsan A, Bosdet I, Young SS, Tucker T, Akbari MR, Speevak MD, Vaags AK, Lebo MS, Lerner-Ellis J. Data sharing to improve concordance in variant interpretation across laboratories: results from the Canadian Open Genetics Repository. J Med Genet 2021; 59:571-578. [PMID: 33875564 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify and resolve discordant variant interpretations across clinical molecular genetic laboratories through the Canadian Open Genetics Repository (COGR), an online collaborative effort for variant sharing and interpretation. METHODS Laboratories uploaded variant data to the Franklin Genoox platform. Reports were issued to each laboratory, summarising variants where conflicting classifications with another laboratory were noted. Laboratories could then reassess variants to resolve discordances. Discordance was calculated using a five-tier model (pathogenic (P), likely pathogenic (LP), variant of uncertain significance (VUS), likely benign (LB), benign (B)), a three-tier model (LP/P are positive, VUS are inconclusive, LB/B are negative) and a two-tier model (LP/P are clinically actionable, VUS/LB/B are not). We compared the COGR classifications to automated classifications generated by Franklin. RESULTS Twelve laboratories submitted classifications for 44 510 unique variants. 2419 variants (5.4%) were classified by two or more laboratories. From baseline to after reassessment, the number of discordant variants decreased from 833 (34.4% of variants reported by two or more laboratories) to 723 (29.9%) based on the five-tier model, 403 (16.7%) to 279 (11.5%) based on the three-tier model and 77 (3.2%) to 37 (1.5%) based on the two-tier model. Compared with the COGR classification, the automated Franklin classifications had 94.5% sensitivity and 96.6% specificity for identifying actionable (P or LP) variants. CONCLUSIONS The COGR provides a standardised mechanism for laboratories to identify discordant variant interpretations and reduce discordance in genetic test result delivery. Such quality assurance programmes are important as genetic testing is implemented more widely in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Mighton
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Justin Mayers
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sherryl Taylor
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stacey Hume
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ron Agatep
- Shared Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Spriggs
- Shared Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harriet E Feilotter
- Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Semenuk
- Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henry Wong
- Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorena Lazo de la Vega
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian R Marshall
- Genome Diagnostics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle M Axford
- Genome Diagnostics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Talia Silver
- Genome Diagnostics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George S Charames
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Di Gioacchino
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Watkins
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady David Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcos Clavier
- Lady David Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nancy Hamel
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - George Chong
- Lady David Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan E Lamont
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jillian Parboosingh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aly Karsan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian Bosdet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sean S Young
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tracy Tucker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mohammad Reza Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Matthew S Lebo
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jordan Lerner-Ellis
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Pemmasani SK, Raman R, Mohapatra R, Vidyasagar M, Acharya A. A Review on the Challenges in Indian Genomics Research for Variant Identification and Interpretation. Front Genet 2020; 11:753. [PMID: 32793285 PMCID: PMC7387655 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, genomic data holds great potential to improve healthcare strategies across various dimensions – be it disease prevention, enhanced diagnosis, or optimized treatment. The biggest hurdle faced by the medical and research community in India is the lack of genotype-phenotype correlations for Indians at a population-wide and an individual level. This leads to inefficient translation of genomic information during clinical decision making. Population-wide sequencing projects for Indian genomes help overcome hurdles and enable us to unearth and validate the genetic markers for different health conditions. Machine learning algorithms are essential to analyze huge amounts of genotype data in synergy with gene expression, demographic, clinical, and pathological data. Predictive models developed through these algorithms help in classifying the individuals into different risk groups, so that preventive measures and personalized therapies can be designed. They also help in identifying the impact of each genetic marker with the associated condition, from a clinical perspective. In India, genome sequencing technologies have now become more accessible to the general population. However, information on variants associated with several major diseases is not available in publicly-accessible databases. Creating a centralized database of variants facilitates early detection and mitigation of health risks in individuals. In this article, we discuss the challenges faced by genetic researchers and genomic testing facilities in India, in terms of dearth of public databases, people with knowledge on machine learning algorithms, computational resources and awareness in the medical community in interpreting genetic variants. Potential solutions to enhance genomic research in India, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasika Raman
- Research and Development Division, Mapmygenome India Limited, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Anuradha Acharya
- Research and Development Division, Mapmygenome India Limited, Hyderabad, India
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13
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Where Does Open Science Lead Us During a Pandemic? A Public Good Argument to Prioritize Rights in the Open Commons. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2020; 30:11-24. [PMID: 32498725 PMCID: PMC7378370 DOI: 10.1017/s0963180120000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, open science has become central to experimental, public health, and clinical responses across the globe. Open science (OS) is described as an open commons, in which a right to science renders all possible scientific data for everyone to access and use. In this common space, capitalist platforms now provide many essential services and are taking the lead in public health activities. These neoliberal businesses, however, have a problematic role in the capture of public goods. This paper argues that the open commons is a community of rights, consisting of people and institutions whose interests mutually support the public good. If OS is a cornerstone of public health, then reaffirming the public good is its overriding purpose, and unethical platforms ought to be excluded from the commons and its benefits.
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14
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Knoppers BM, Kekesi-Lafrance K. The Genetic Family as Patient? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2020; 20:77-80. [PMID: 32618508 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2020.1754505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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15
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Narayanasamy S, Markina V, Thorogood A, Blazkova A, Shabani M, Knoppers BM, Prainsack B, Koesters R. Genomic Sequencing Capacity, Data Retention, and Personal Access to Raw Data in Europe. Front Genet 2020; 11:303. [PMID: 32435258 PMCID: PMC7218066 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole genome/exome sequencing (WGS/WES) has become widely adopted in research and, more recently, in clinical settings. Many hope that the information obtained from the interpretation of these data will have medical benefits for patients and—in some cases—also their biological relatives. Because of the manifold possibilities to reuse genomic data, enabling sequenced individuals to access their own raw (uninterpreted) genomic data is a highly debated issue. This paper reports some of the first empirical findings on personal genome access policies and practices. We interviewed 39 respondents, working at 33 institutions in 21 countries across Europe. These sequencing institutions generate massive amounts of WGS/WES data and represent varying organisational structures and operational models. Taken together, in total, these institutions have sequenced ∼317,259 genomes and exomes to date. Most of the sequencing institutions reported that they are able to store raw genomic data in compliance with various national regulations, although there was a lack of standardisation of storage formats. Interviewees from 12 of the 33 institutions included in our study reported that they had received requests for personal access to raw genomic data from sequenced individuals. In the absence of policies on how to process such requests, these were decided on an ad hoc basis; in the end, at least 28 requests were granted, while there were no reports of requests being rejected. Given the rights, interests, and liabilities at stake, it is essential that sequencing institutions adopt clear policies and processes for raw genomic data retention and personal access.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrian Thorogood
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adriana Blazkova
- Megeno S.A., Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Language and Literature, Humanities, Arts and Education, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mahsa Shabani
- Metamedica, Faculty of Law and Criminology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bartha M Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara Prainsack
- Department of Political Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Beauvais M, Knoppers BM. When information is the treatment? Precision medicine in healthcare. Healthc Manage Forum 2020; 33:120-125. [PMID: 31505971 DOI: 10.1177/0840470419859017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Profoundly more data-intensive than conventional medicine, precision medicine's distinctive informational needs present new challenges for healthcare management. Data protection and privacy law are key determinants in precision medicine's future. This article examines legal and regulatory barriers to the incorporation of precision medicine into healthcare. Specific attention is paid to analyzing recent health privacy laws, court cases, and medical device regulations. Considering the challenges identified, recommendations and guidance are crafted for health leaders with reference to domestic and international initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Beauvais
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bartha Maria Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Azzariti DR, Hamosh A. Genomic Data Sharing for Novel Mendelian Disease Gene Discovery: The Matchmaker Exchange. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2020; 21:305-326. [PMID: 32339034 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-014915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, exome and/or genome sequencing has become a common test in the diagnosis of individuals with features of a rare Mendelian disorder. Despite its success, this test leaves the majority of tested individuals undiagnosed. This review describes the Matchmaker Exchange (MME), a federated network established to facilitate the solving of undiagnosed rare-disease cases through data sharing. MME supports genomic matchmaking, the act of connecting two or more parties looking for cases with similar phenotypes and variants in the same candidate genes. An application programming interface currently connects six matchmaker nodes-the Database of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans Using Ensembl Resources (DECIPHER), GeneMatcher, PhenomeCentral, seqr, MyGene2, and the Initiative on Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (IRUD) Exchange-resulting in a collective data set spanning more than 150,000 cases from more than 11,000 contributors in 88 countries. Here, we describe the successes and challenges of MME, its individual matchmaking nodes, plans for growing the network, and considerations for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Azzariti
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA;
| | - Ada Hamosh
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA;
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18
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Thorogood A. International Data Sharing and Rare Disease: The Importance of Ethics and Patient Involvement. Rare Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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19
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Rethinking the ethical principles of genomic medicine services. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 28:147-154. [PMID: 31534213 PMCID: PMC6974588 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical genome and exome sequencing is currently used in only a small fraction of patients, yet large scale genomic initiatives are becoming more embedded in clinical services. This paper examines the ethical principles that should guide regulatory processes regarding consent and data sharing in this context. We argue that a genomic dataset administered by the health system carries substantial societal benefits, and that the collective nature of this initiative means that at least those patients who benefit from genome sequencing have an ethical obligation to share their health information. This obligation is grounded in considerations of fairness. Furthermore, we argue that the use of genomic data for the advancement of medical knowledge should be permitted without explicit consent and that international and other bodies should be granted access to these data, provided certain conditions are satisfied.
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Genomic tests offer increased opportunity for diagnosis, but their outputs are often uncertain and complex; results may need to be revised and/or may not be relevant until some future time. We discuss the challenges that this presents for consent and autonomy. RECENT FINDINGS Popular discourse around genomic testing tends to be strongly deterministic and optimistic, yet many findings from genomic tests are uncertain or unclear. Clinical conversations need to anticipate and potentially challenge unrealistic expectations of what a genomic test can deliver in order to enhance autonomy and ensure that consent to genomic testing is valid. SUMMARY We conclude that 'fully informed' consent is often not possible in the context of genomic testing, but that an open-ended approach is appropriate. We consider that such broad consent can only work if located within systems or organisations that are trustworthy and that have measures in place to ensure that such open-ended agreements are not abused. We suggest that a relational concept of autonomy has benefits in encouraging focus on the networks and relationships that allow decision making to flourish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Horton
- Clinical Ethics and Law at Southampton (CELS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, SO16 5YA UK
| | - Anneke Lucassen
- Clinical Ethics and Law at Southampton (CELS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, SO16 5YA UK
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