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Kobiela A, Hewelt-Belka W, Frąckowiak JE, Kordulewska N, Hovhannisyan L, Bogucka A, Etherington R, Piróg A, Dapic I, Gabrielsson S, Brown SJ, Ogg GS, Gutowska-Owsiak D. Keratinocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles supply antigens for CD1a-resticted T cells and promote their type 2 bias in the context of filaggrin insufficiency. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369238. [PMID: 38585273 PMCID: PMC10995404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exosome-enriched small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nanosized organelles known to participate in long distance communication between cells, including in the skin. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease for which filaggrin (FLG) gene mutations are the strongest genetic risk factor. Filaggrin insufficiency affects multiple cellular function, but it is unclear if sEV-mediated cellular communication originating from the affected keratinocytes is also altered, and if this influences peptide and lipid antigen presentation to T cells in the skin. Methods Available mRNA and protein expression datasets from filaggrin-insufficient keratinocytes (shFLG), organotypic models and AD skin were used for gene ontology analysis with FunRich tool. sEVs secreted by shFLG and control shC cells were isolated from conditioned media by differential centrifugation. Mass spectrometry was carried out for lipidomic and proteomic profiling of the cells and sEVs. T cell responses to protein, peptide, CD1a lipid antigens, as well as phospholipase A2-digested or intact sEVs were measured by ELISpot and ELISA. Results Data analysis revealed extensive remodeling of the sEV compartment in filaggrin insufficient keratinocytes, 3D models and the AD skin. Lipidomic profiles of shFLGsEV showed a reduction in the long chain (LCFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; permissive CD1a ligands) and increased content of the bulky headgroup sphingolipids (non-permissive ligands). This resulted in a reduction of CD1a-mediated interferon-γ T cell responses to the lipids liberated from shFLG-generated sEVs in comparison to those induced by sEVs from control cells, and an increase in interleukin 13 secretion. The altered sEV lipidome reflected a generalized alteration in the cellular lipidome in filaggrin-insufficient cells and the skin of AD patients, resulting from a downregulation of key enzymes implicated in fatty acid elongation and desaturation, i.e., enzymes of the ACSL, ELOVL and FADS family. Discussion We determined that sEVs constitute a source of antigens suitable for CD1a-mediated presentation to T cells. Lipids enclosed within the sEVs secreted on the background of filaggrin insufficiency contribute to allergic inflammation by reducing type 1 responses and inducing a type 2 bias from CD1a-restricted T cells, thus likely perpetuating allergic inflammation in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kobiela
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Weronika Hewelt-Belka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna E. Frąckowiak
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Kordulewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lilit Hovhannisyan
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bogucka
- The Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rachel Etherington
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Artur Piróg
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Irena Dapic
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Susanne Gabrielsson
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara J. Brown
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graham S. Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Danuta Gutowska-Owsiak
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Moosbrugger-Martinz V, Leprince C, Méchin MC, Simon M, Blunder S, Gruber R, Dubrac S. Revisiting the Roles of Filaggrin in Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5318. [PMID: 35628125 PMCID: PMC9140947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery in 2006 that loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) cause ichthyosis vulgaris and can predispose to atopic dermatitis (AD) galvanized the dermatology research community and shed new light on a skin protein that was first identified in 1981. However, although outstanding work has uncovered several key functions of filaggrin in epidermal homeostasis, a comprehensive understanding of how filaggrin deficiency contributes to AD is still incomplete, including details of the upstream factors that lead to the reduced amounts of filaggrin, regardless of genotype. In this review, we re-evaluate data focusing on the roles of filaggrin in the epidermis, as well as in AD. Filaggrin is important for alignment of keratin intermediate filaments, control of keratinocyte shape, and maintenance of epidermal texture via production of water-retaining molecules. Moreover, filaggrin deficiency leads to cellular abnormalities in keratinocytes and induces subtle epidermal barrier impairment that is sufficient enough to facilitate the ingress of certain exogenous molecules into the epidermis. However, although FLG null mutations regulate skin moisture in non-lesional AD skin, filaggrin deficiency per se does not lead to the neutralization of skin surface pH or to excessive transepidermal water loss in atopic skin. Separating facts from chaff regarding the functions of filaggrin in the epidermis is necessary for the design efficacious therapies to treat dry and atopic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Moosbrugger-Martinz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.M.-M.); (S.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Corinne Leprince
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Toulouse University, CNRS UMR5051, Inserm UMR1291, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France; (C.L.); (M.-C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Marie-Claire Méchin
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Toulouse University, CNRS UMR5051, Inserm UMR1291, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France; (C.L.); (M.-C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Michel Simon
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Toulouse University, CNRS UMR5051, Inserm UMR1291, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France; (C.L.); (M.-C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Stefan Blunder
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.M.-M.); (S.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.M.-M.); (S.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.M.-M.); (S.B.); (R.G.)
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3
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Vallion R, Hardonnière K, Bouredji A, Damiens MH, Deloménie C, Pallardy M, Ferret PJ, Kerdine-Römer S. The Inflammatory Response in Human Keratinocytes Exposed to Cinnamaldehyde Is Regulated by Nrf2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030575. [PMID: 35326225 PMCID: PMC8945052 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes (KC) play a crucial role in epidermal barrier function, notably through their metabolic activity and the detection of danger signals. Chemical sensitizers are known to activate the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), leading to cellular detoxification and suppressed proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, a key cytokine in skin allergy. We investigated the role of Nrf2 in the control of the proinflammatory response in human KC following treatment with Cinnamaldehyde (CinA), a well-known skin sensitizer. We used the well-described human KC cell line KERTr exposed to CinA. Our results showed that 250 μM of CinA did not induce any Nrf2 accumulation but increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, 100 μM of CinA induced a rapid accumulation of Nrf2, inhibited IL-1β transcription, and downregulated the zymosan-induced proinflammatory response. Moreover, Nrf2 knockdown KERTr cells (KERTr ko) showed an increase in proinflammatory cytokines. Since the inhibition of Nrf2 has been shown to alter cellular metabolism, we performed metabolomic and seahorse analyses. The results showed a decrease in mitochondrial metabolism following KERTr ko exposure to CinA 100 µM. In conclusion, the fate of Nrf2 controls proinflammatory cytokine production in KCs that could be linked to its capacity to preserve mitochondrial metabolism upon chemical sensitizer exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Vallion
- Inserm, Inflammation Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (R.V.); (K.H.); (A.B.); (M.-H.D.); (M.P.)
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo Cosmétique, 31000 Toulouse, France;
| | - Kévin Hardonnière
- Inserm, Inflammation Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (R.V.); (K.H.); (A.B.); (M.-H.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Abderrahmane Bouredji
- Inserm, Inflammation Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (R.V.); (K.H.); (A.B.); (M.-H.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Marie-Hélène Damiens
- Inserm, Inflammation Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (R.V.); (K.H.); (A.B.); (M.-H.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Claudine Deloménie
- Inserm US31, CNRS UMS3679, Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l’Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France;
| | - Marc Pallardy
- Inserm, Inflammation Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (R.V.); (K.H.); (A.B.); (M.-H.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Pierre-Jacques Ferret
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo Cosmétique, 31000 Toulouse, France;
| | - Saadia Kerdine-Römer
- Inserm, Inflammation Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (R.V.); (K.H.); (A.B.); (M.-H.D.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-1-46-83-57-79
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Solvin ÅØ, Chawla K, Olsen LC, Hegre SA, Danielsen K, Jenssen M, Furberg AS, Saunes M, Hveem K, Saetrom P, Løset M. MicroRNA profiling of psoriatic skin identifies 11 miRNAs associated with disease severity. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:535-547. [PMID: 34748247 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that have emerged as central regulators of gene expression and powerful biomarkers of disease. Much is yet unknown about their role in psoriasis pathology. To globally characterize the miRNAome of psoriatic skin, skin biopsies were collected from psoriatic cases (n = 75) and non-psoriatic controls (n = 46) and RNA sequenced. Count data were meta-analysed with a previously published dataset (cases, n = 24, controls, n = 20), increasing the number of psoriatic cases fourfold from previously published studies. Differential gene expression analyses were performed comparing lesional psoriatic (PP), non-lesional psoriatic (PN) and control (NN) skin. Further, functional enrichment and cell-specific analyses were performed. Across all contrasts, we identified 439 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), of which 85 were novel for psoriasis and 11 were related to disease severity. Meta-analyses identified 20 DEMs between PN and NN, suggesting an inherent change in the constitution of all skin in psoriasis. By integrating the miRNA transcriptome with mRNA target interactions, we identified several functionally enriched terms, including "thyroid hormone signalling," "insulin resistance" and various infectious diseases. Cell-specific expression analyses revealed that the upregulated DEMs were enriched in epithelial and immune cells. This study provides the most comprehensive overview of the miRNAome in psoriatic skin to date and identifies a miRNA signature related to psoriasis severity. Our results may represent molecular links between psoriasis and related comorbidities and have outlined potential directions for future functional studies to identify biomarkers and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åshild Ø Solvin
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Konika Chawla
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lene C Olsen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siv Anita Hegre
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjersti Danielsen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marita Jenssen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Care, Molde University College, Molde, Norway.,Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marit Saunes
- Department of Dermatology, Clinic of Orthopaedy, Rheumatology and Dermatology, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Saetrom
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mari Løset
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Dermatology, Clinic of Orthopaedy, Rheumatology and Dermatology, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Gao W, Gong J, Mu M, Zhu Y, Wang W, Chen W, Han G, Hu H, Bao P. The Pathogenesis of Eosinophilic Asthma: A Positive Feedback Mechanism That Promotes Th2 Immune Response via Filaggrin Deficiency. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672312. [PMID: 34484176 PMCID: PMC8414997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic asthma (EA) is a common subtype of asthma and often progresses to severe disease. In order to understand its pathogenesis, targeted next-generation gene sequencing was performed on 77 Chinese EA patients and 431 Chinese healthy controls to obtain differential genomic variations. Among the 41 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) screened for mutation sites in more than 3 patients, filaggrin gene FLG rs192116923 T>G and FLG rs75235053 C>G were newly found to be associated with EA patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) (P <0.001) and severe EA (P=0.032), respectively. Filaggrin has been shown to be mainly expressed in epithelial cells and plays an important role in formation of an effective skin barrier. Bioinformatic analysis indicated FLG rs192116923 T>G may increase the binding of Smad3 to transmit TGF-β1 signaling, and thereby inhibit filaggrin expression, and FLG rs75235053 C>G may add new splicing sites to reduce filaggrin monomers. It has been known that the level of Th2 cytokine IL-4 is increased in EA patients, and IL-4 increases airway epithelial permeability and enhances inflammatory response through some unclear mechanisms. To figure out whether filaggrin is involved in immune responses in asthma, we have treated human respiratory epithelial cell line BEAS-2B cells with IL-4 and found that the expression levels of filaggrin and E-cadherin decreased significantly in a time and dose-dependent manner, suggesting that IL-4 increased airway epithelial permeability by reducing filaggrin and adhesion molecule. In addition, in our study, IL-4 increased the expression of epithel-derived inflammatory cytokines IL-33 and TSLP which further enhanced the Th2 inflammatory response. To investigate the role of filaggrin in development of EA, knockdown filaggrin with siRNA revealed a decrease in E-cadherin levels, which were further down-regulated by IL-4 stimulation. Knockdown of filaggrin alone did not affect the levels of IL-33 and TSLP, but further exacerbated the decrease of IL-33/TSLP caused by IL-4, suggesting that filaggrin may involve in IL-4R signaling pathway to regulate the level of IL-33/TSLP. In conclusion, in the Th2 cytokine milieu of asthma, FLG deficient mutation in airway epithelial cells may increase the epithelial permeability and the expression of IL-33/TSLP which positively feedback the Th2 inflammation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, 1st Medical Center of Chinese Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuyu Gong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hubei Province Corps Hospital of The Chinese Armed Police Force (CAPF), Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Mu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine College of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yujin Zhu
- Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, 1st Medical Center of Chinese Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tianjin Municipal Corps Hospital of CAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Pathology, 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guojing Han
- Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, 1st Medical Center of Chinese Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, 1st Medical Center of Chinese Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengtao Bao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine College of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Heydari Z, Moeinvaziri F, Agarwal T, Pooyan P, Shpichka A, Maiti TK, Timashev P, Baharvand H, Vosough M. Organoids: a novel modality in disease modeling. Biodes Manuf 2021; 4:689-716. [PMID: 34395032 PMCID: PMC8349706 DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Limitations of monolayer culture conditions have motivated scientists to explore new models that can recapitulate the architecture and function of human organs more accurately. Recent advances in the improvement of protocols have resulted in establishing three-dimensional (3D) organ-like architectures called ‘organoids’ that can display the characteristics of their corresponding real organs, including morphological features, functional activities, and personalized responses to specific pathogens. We discuss different organoid-based 3D models herein, which are classified based on their original germinal layer. Studies of organoids simulating the complexity of real tissues could provide novel platforms and opportunities for generating practical knowledge along with preclinical studies, including drug screening, toxicology, and molecular pathophysiology of diseases. This paper also outlines the key challenges, advantages, and prospects of current organoid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heydari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
| | - Farideh Moeinvaziri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Paria Pooyan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 19991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tapas K. Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 19991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Polymers and Composites, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
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Wotherspoon D, Rogerson C, O’Shaughnessy RF. Perspective: Controlling Epidermal Terminal Differentiation with Transcriptional Bursting and RNA Bodies. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:E29. [PMID: 33291764 PMCID: PMC7768391 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is the principal barrier to the external environment: post-mitotic cells terminally differentiate to form a tough outer cornified layer of enucleate and flattened cells that confer the majority of skin barrier function. Nuclear degradation is required for correct cornified envelope formation. This process requires mRNA translation during the process of nuclear destruction. In this review and perspective, we address the biology of transcriptional bursting and the formation of ribonuclear particles in model organisms including mammals, and then examine the evidence that these phenomena occur as part of epidermal terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Wotherspoon
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK;
| | | | - Ryan F.L. O’Shaughnessy
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK;
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