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Claeys KG, Kushlaf H, Raza S, Hummel N, Shohet S, Keyzor I, Kopiec A, Graham R, Fox B, Schoser B. Minimal clinically important differences in six-minute walking distance in late-onset Pompe disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:154. [PMID: 38605392 PMCID: PMC11008008 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is the smallest change in outcome that physicians or patients would consider meaningful and is relevant when evaluating disease progression or the efficacy of interventions. Studies of patients with late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) have used the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) as an endpoint to assess motor function. However, an MCID for 6MWD (% predicted and meters) has yet to be established in LOPD. The objective of the study was to derive 6MWD MCID (% predicted and meters) with different analysis methods and for subgroups of different disease severity for LOPD. METHODS Data from the PROPEL trial were used to calculate 6MWD MCID in the overall PROPEL population and subgroups of baseline severity as assessed by walking distance and body mass index (BMI), using anchor- and distribution-based approaches. RESULTS The 6MWD MCIDs varied widely, depending on the method and subgroup, ranging from 2.27%-8.11% predicted for the overall LOPD population (23.7 m-57.2 m). For patients with baseline 6MWD < 150 m, MCIDs ranged from -0.74%-3.37% (-2.1 m-11.3 m). MCIDs increased with distance walked at baseline until a plateau was reached. For BMI subgroups, the MCIDs were generally lowest in obese patients. CONCLUSION Our analysis shows that MCID depends on the chosen method and disease severity. The findings suggest that applying a single MCID to all patients can be misleading; consequently, a range of possible MCIDs should be considered. This may also be highly relevant for other neuromuscular diseases. This study provides a range of 6MWD MCIDs for LOPD, with lower MCIDs for more severe patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristl G Claeys
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Muscle Diseases and Neuropathies, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hani Kushlaf
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Syed Raza
- Amicus Therapeutics, Ltd., Marlow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ryan Graham
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Brian Fox
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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Davoudi M, Boostani R, Manzari ZS. Nonpharmacological interventions and outcomes in the management of complications of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1-related myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 28:87. [PMID: 38510783 PMCID: PMC10953734 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_300_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Human T-cell lymph tropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I)-related myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) is a progressive inflammatory process affecting the spinal cord that occurs as a result of HTLV 1. The use of nonpharmacological approaches has always been one of the treatment strategies in these patients, but disagreement about these interventions and their results has led to their limited use. Therefore, this study aimed to identify nonpharmacological interventions and their consequences in these patients. Materials and Methods We followed the Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. The present report is organized according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This study was conducted at PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus, among all published studies by December 30, 2021. Keywords were: HTLV-1, Human T-lymph tropic virus 1, HTLV-I-associated myelopathy, HAM/TSP, tropical spastic paraparesis, nonpharmacological intervention, nonpharmacological treatment, massage, physiotherapy, acupuncture, acupressure, and exercise. The quality of the studies was assessed using JADAD. Results Of 288 articles, 11 were eligible for data extraction published between 2014 and 2021. 90/9% of studies were randomized clinical trials. 81/8% of articles were of high quality. The total sample size was 253 people, of which 137 (54/15%) were women. Approaches such as exercise and motion therapy, electrotherapy, behavioral therapy, and virtual reality can be used for these patients. With these interventions, results such as improved mobility and balance, physical condition, pain, quality of life, muscle spasticity, maximum inspiratory pressure, and urinary symptoms can be achieved. Conclusion The most common physical therapy method used in studies was active and passive body movements, which are associated with positive results for patients. Due to the small sample size in this group of studies, it is necessary to conduct more clinical trials for more accurate conclusions. Furthermore, due to the limited number of studies that have used electrical stimulation or combined intervention packages, it is not possible to say with certainty what effect these methods have on patients. It is necessary to conduct more clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Davoudi
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Boostani
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Qaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Manzari
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Pomp L, Jeneson JAL, van der Pol WL, Bartels B. Electrophysiological and Imaging Biomarkers to Evaluate Exercise Training in Patients with Neuromuscular Disease: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6834. [PMID: 37959299 PMCID: PMC10647337 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise therapy as part of the clinical management of patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) is complicated by the limited insights into its efficacy. There is an urgent need for sensitive and non-invasive quantitative muscle biomarkers to monitor the effects of exercise training. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to critically appraise and summarize the current evidence for the sensitivity of quantitative, non-invasive biomarkers, based on imaging and electrophysiological techniques, for measuring the effects of physical exercise training. We identified a wide variety of biomarkers, including imaging techniques, i.e., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound, surface electromyography (sEMG), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Imaging biomarkers, such as muscle maximum area and muscle thickness, and EMG biomarkers, such as compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude, detected significant changes in muscle morphology and neural adaptations following resistance training. MRS and NIRS biomarkers, such as initial phosphocreatine recovery rate (V), mitochondrial capacity (Qmax), adenosine phosphate recovery half-time (ADP t1/2), and micromolar changes in deoxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin concentrations (Δ[deoxy(Hb + Mb)]), detected significant adaptations in oxidative metabolism after endurance training. We also identified biomarkers whose clinical relevance has not yet been assessed due to lack of sufficient study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pomp
- Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Antonius Lodewijk Jeneson
- Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W. Ludo van der Pol
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Bartels
- Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lanfranconi F, Tremolizzo L, Marzorati M, D’Antona G. Editorial: Strategies to fight exercise intolerance in neuromuscular disorders, volume II. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1229040. [PMID: 37351258 PMCID: PMC10282993 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1229040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lanfranconi
- Centro Maria Letizia Verga, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Monza, Italy
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Mauro Marzorati
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Giuseppe D’Antona
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale nelle Attivitá Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS)—Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy
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Kornblum C, Lamperti C, Parikh S. Currently available therapies in mitochondrial disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 194:189-206. [PMID: 36813313 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821751-1.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of multisystem disorders caused by impaired mitochondrial function. These disorders occur at any age and involve any tissue, typically affecting organs highly dependent on aerobic metabolism. Diagnosis and management are extremely difficult due to various underlying genetic defects and a wide range of clinical symptoms. Preventive care and active surveillance are strategies to try to reduce morbidity and mortality by timely treatment of organ-specific complications. More specific interventional therapies are in early phases of development and no effective treatment or cure currently exists. A variety of dietary supplements have been utilized based on biological logic. For several reasons, few randomized controlled trials have been completed to assess the efficacy of these supplements. The majority of the literature on supplement efficacy represents case reports, retrospective analyses and open-label studies. We briefly review selected supplements that have some degree of clinical research support. In mitochondrial diseases, potential triggers of metabolic decompensation or medications that are potentially toxic to mitochondrial function should be avoided. We shortly summarize current recommendations on safe medication in mitochondrial diseases. Finally, we focus on the frequent and debilitating symptoms of exercise intolerance and fatigue and their management including physical training strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Kornblum
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Disease Section, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sumit Parikh
- Center for Pediatric Neurosciences, Mitochondrial Medicine & Neurogenetics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Efficacy of aerobic exercise on aerobic capacity in slowly progressive neuromuscular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2023; 66:101637. [PMID: 35091111 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2022.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic exercise aims to improve aerobic capacity. OBJECTIVE To summarize the evidence on the efficacy of aerobic exercise on aerobic capacity in slowly progressive neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). METHODS We searched the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science Conference Proceedings Index for articles published up to June 17, 2021, selecting randomized controlled trials that included adults with slowly progressive NMDs and compared aerobic exercise to no aerobic exercise. The primary outcome was peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) directly post-intervention. Secondary outcomes included other peak test parameters, submaximal test parameters, long-term outcomes ≥8 weeks post-intervention, adherence and adverse events. Meta-analyses were performed for the primary outcome and for secondary outcomes when reported in more than 2 studies. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and quality of evidence according to GRADE. RESULTS Nine studies were included (195 participants with 8 different NMDs). Eight studies were rated at high risk of bias and 1 study was rated at some concerns. Duration of exercise programs ranged from 6 to 26 weeks, with 3 weekly training sessions of 20 to 40 min, based on maximal capacity. Meta-analyses revealed short-term moderate beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on VO2peak (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.55, 95% CI 0.23; 0.86) and peak workload (SMD 0.61, 95% CI 0.24; 0.99). Long-term effects were not assessed. Most training sessions (83-97%) were completed, but time spent in target intensity zones was not reported. Included studies lacked detailed adverse event reporting. CONCLUSIONS There is low-quality evidence that aerobic exercise is safe and leads to moderate improvement of aerobic capacity directly post-intervention in slowly progressive NMDs, but the long-term efficacy remains unclear. Detailed information about the time spent in target intensity zones and adverse events is lacking. PROSPERO CRD42020200083.
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially perturbation of oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, disrupts cellular homeostasis and is a surprisingly frequent cause of central and peripheral nervous system pathology. Mitochondrial disease is an umbrella term that encompasses a host of clinical syndromes and features caused by in excess of 300 different genetic defects affecting the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Patients with mitochondrial disease can present at any age, ranging from neonatal onset to late adult life, with variable organ involvement and neurological manifestations including neurodevelopmental delay, seizures, stroke-like episodes, movement disorders, optic neuropathy, myopathy, and neuropathy. Until relatively recently, analysis of skeletal muscle biopsy was the focus of diagnostic algorithms, but step-changes in the scope and availability of next-generation sequencing technology and multiomics analysis have revolutionized mitochondrial disease diagnosis. Currently, there is no specific therapy for most types of mitochondrial disease, although clinical trials research in the field is gathering momentum. In that context, active management of epilepsy, stroke-like episodes, dystonia, brainstem dysfunction, and Parkinsonism are all the more important in improving patient quality of life and reducing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert McFarland
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Di Leo V, Lawless C, Roussel MP, Gomes TB, Gorman GS, Russell OM, Tuppen HA, Duchesne E, Vincent AE. Resistance Exercise Training Rescues Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Skeletal Muscle of Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 10:1111-1126. [PMID: 37638448 PMCID: PMC10657683 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a dominant autosomal neuromuscular disorder caused by the inheritance of a CTG triplet repeat expansion in the Dystrophia Myotonica Protein Kinase (DMPK) gene. At present, no cure currently exists for DM1 disease. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effects of 12-week resistance exercise training on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle in a cohort of DM1 patients (n = 11, men) in comparison to control muscle with normal oxidative phosphorylation. METHODS Immunofluorescence was used to assess protein levels of key respiratory chain subunits of complex I (CI) and complex IV (CIV), and markers of mitochondrial mass and cell membrane in individual myofibres sampled from muscle biopsies. Using control's skeletal muscle fibers population, we classified each patient's fibers as having normal, low or high levels of CI and CIV and compared the proportions of fibers before and after exercise training. The significance of changes observed between pre- and post-exercise within patients was estimated using a permutation test. RESULTS At baseline, DM1 patients present with significantly decreased mitochondrial mass, and isolated or combined CI and CIV deficiency. After resistance exercise training, in most patients a significant increase in mitochondrial mass was observed, and all patients showed a significant increase in CI and/or CIV protein levels. Moreover, improvements in mitochondrial mass were correlated with the one-repetition maximum strength evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Remarkably, 12-week resistance exercise training is sufficient to partially rescue mitochondrial dysfunction in DM1 patients, suggesting that the response to exercise is in part be due to changes in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Di Leo
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Conor Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Marie-Pier Roussel
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tiago B. Gomes
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gráinne S. Gorman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Oliver M. Russell
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Helen A.L. Tuppen
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Elise Duchesne
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
- Neuromuscular Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group (GRIMN), Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean Integrated University Health and Social Services Center, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Amy E. Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
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Tragni V, Primiano G, Tummolo A, Cafferati Beltrame L, La Piana G, Sgobba MN, Cavalluzzi MM, Paterno G, Gorgoglione R, Volpicella M, Guerra L, Marzulli D, Servidei S, De Grassi A, Petrosillo G, Lentini G, Pierri CL. Personalized Medicine in Mitochondrial Health and Disease: Molecular Basis of Therapeutic Approaches Based on Nutritional Supplements and Their Analogs. Molecules 2022; 27:3494. [PMID: 35684429 PMCID: PMC9182050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) may result from mutations affecting nuclear or mitochondrial genes, encoding mitochondrial proteins, or non-protein-coding mitochondrial RNA. Despite the great variability of affected genes, in the most severe cases, a neuromuscular and neurodegenerative phenotype is observed, and no specific therapy exists for a complete recovery from the disease. The most used treatments are symptomatic and based on the administration of antioxidant cocktails combined with antiepileptic/antipsychotic drugs and supportive therapy for multiorgan involvement. Nevertheless, the real utility of antioxidant cocktail treatments for patients affected by MDs still needs to be scientifically demonstrated. Unfortunately, clinical trials for antioxidant therapies using α-tocopherol, ascorbate, glutathione, riboflavin, niacin, acetyl-carnitine and coenzyme Q have met a limited success. Indeed, it would be expected that the employed antioxidants can only be effective if they are able to target the specific mechanism, i.e., involving the central and peripheral nervous system, responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease. Noteworthily, very often the phenotypes characterizing MD patients are associated with mutations in proteins whose function does not depend on specific cofactors. Conversely, the administration of the antioxidant cocktails might determine the suppression of endogenous oxidants resulting in deleterious effects on cell viability and/or toxicity for patients. In order to avoid toxicity effects and before administering the antioxidant therapy, it might be useful to ascertain the blood serum levels of antioxidants and cofactors to be administered in MD patients. It would be also worthwhile to check the localization of mutations affecting proteins whose function should depend (less or more directly) on the cofactors to be administered, for estimating the real need and predicting the success of the proposed cofactor/antioxidant-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Tragni
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (V.T.); (L.C.B.); (G.L.P.); (M.N.S.); (R.G.); (M.V.); (L.G.); (A.D.G.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Guido Primiano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (S.S.)
- Dipartimento Universitario di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Albina Tummolo
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Lucas Cafferati Beltrame
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (V.T.); (L.C.B.); (G.L.P.); (M.N.S.); (R.G.); (M.V.); (L.G.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Gianluigi La Piana
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (V.T.); (L.C.B.); (G.L.P.); (M.N.S.); (R.G.); (M.V.); (L.G.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Maria Noemi Sgobba
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (V.T.); (L.C.B.); (G.L.P.); (M.N.S.); (R.G.); (M.V.); (L.G.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Cavalluzzi
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giulia Paterno
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Ruggiero Gorgoglione
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (V.T.); (L.C.B.); (G.L.P.); (M.N.S.); (R.G.); (M.V.); (L.G.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Mariateresa Volpicella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (V.T.); (L.C.B.); (G.L.P.); (M.N.S.); (R.G.); (M.V.); (L.G.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Guerra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (V.T.); (L.C.B.); (G.L.P.); (M.N.S.); (R.G.); (M.V.); (L.G.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Domenico Marzulli
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Serenella Servidei
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (S.S.)
- Dipartimento Universitario di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna De Grassi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (V.T.); (L.C.B.); (G.L.P.); (M.N.S.); (R.G.); (M.V.); (L.G.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Petrosillo
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Lentini
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (V.T.); (L.C.B.); (G.L.P.); (M.N.S.); (R.G.); (M.V.); (L.G.); (A.D.G.)
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Ng YS, Lim AZ, Panagiotou G, Turnbull DM, Walker M. Endocrine Manifestations and New Developments in Mitochondrial Disease. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:583-609. [PMID: 35552684 PMCID: PMC9113134 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of common inherited diseases causing disruption of oxidative phosphorylation. Some patients with mitochondrial disease have endocrine manifestations, with diabetes mellitus being predominant but also include hypogonadism, hypoadrenalism, and hypoparathyroidism. There have been major developments in mitochondrial disease over the past decade that have major implications for all patients. The collection of large cohorts of patients has better defined the phenotype of mitochondrial diseases and the majority of patients with endocrine abnormalities have involvement of several other systems. This means that patients with mitochondrial disease and endocrine manifestations need specialist follow-up because some of the other manifestations, such as stroke-like episodes and cardiomyopathy, are potentially life threatening. Also, the development and follow-up of large cohorts of patients means that there are clinical guidelines for the management of patients with mitochondrial disease. There is also considerable research activity to identify novel therapies for the treatment of mitochondrial disease. The revolution in genetics, with the introduction of next-generation sequencing, has made genetic testing more available and establishing a precise genetic diagnosis is important because it will affect the risk for involvement for different organ systems. Establishing a genetic diagnosis is also crucial because important reproductive options have been developed that will prevent the transmission of mitochondrial disease because of mitochondrial DNA variants to the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Albert Zishen Lim
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Grigorios Panagiotou
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Walker
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Salazar-Martínez E, Santalla A, Valenzuela PL, Nogales-Gadea G, Pinós T, Morán M, Santos-Lozano A, Fiuza-Luces C, Lucia A. The Second Wind in McArdle Patients: Fitness Matters. Front Physiol 2021; 12:744632. [PMID: 34721068 PMCID: PMC8555491 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.744632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The “second wind” (SW) phenomenon—commonly referring to both an initial period of marked intolerance to dynamic exercise (e.g., brisk walking) that is not followed by perceived improvement and disappearance of previous tachycardia (i.e., the actual “SW”) until 6–10 min has elapsed—is an almost unique feature of McArdle disease that limits adherence to an active lifestyle. In this regard, an increase in the workload eliciting the SW could potentially translate into an improved patients’ exercise tolerance in daily life. We aimed to determine whether aerobic fitness and physical activity (PA) levels are correlated with the minimum workload eliciting the SW in McArdle patients—as well as with the corresponding heart rate value. We also compared the SW variables and aerobic fitness indicators in inactive vs. active patients. Methods: Fifty-four McArdle patients (24 women, mean ± SD age 33 ± 12 years) performed 12-min constant-load and maximum ramp-like cycle-ergometer tests for SW detection and aerobic fitness [peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and workload and ventilatory threshold] determination, respectively. They were categorized as physically active/inactive during the prior 6 months (active = reporting ≥150 min/week or ≥75 min/week in moderate or vigorous-intensity aerobic PA, respectively) and were also asked on their self-report of the SW. Results: Both peak and submaximal indicators of aerobic fitness obtained in the ramp tests were significantly correlated with the workload of the SW test, with a particularly strong correlation for the VO2peak and peak workload attained by the patients (both Pearson’s coefficients > 0.70). Twenty (seven women) and 24 patients (18 women) were categorized as physically active and inactive, respectively. Not only the aerobic fitness level [∼18–19% higher values of VO2peak (ml⋅kg–1⋅min–1)] but also the workload of the SW tests was significantly higher in active than in inactive patients. All the inactive patients reported that they experienced the SW during walking/brisk walking in daily life, whereas active patients only reported experiencing this phenomenon during more strenuous activities (very brisk walking/jogging and bicycling). Conclusion: A higher aerobic fitness and an active lifestyle are associated with a higher workload eliciting the so-called SW phenomenon in patients with McArdle disease, which has a positive impact on their exercise tolerance during daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- Department of Sports and Computing, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.,EVOPRED Research Group, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomàs Pinós
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Morán
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain.,Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Fiuza-Luces
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Klopstock T, Priglinger C, Yilmaz A, Kornblum C, Distelmaier F, Prokisch H. Mitochondrial Disorders. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 118:741-748. [PMID: 34158150 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial disorders are among the most common heritable diseases, with an overall lifetime risk of approximately one in 1500. Nonetheless, their diagnosis is often missed because of their extreme phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. METHODS This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective literature search on the clinical features, genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. RESULTS Pathogenic defects of energy metabolism have been described to date in over 400 genes. Only a small number of these genes lie in the mitochondrial DNA; the corresponding diseases are either maternally inherited or of sporadic distribution. The remaining diseaseassociated genes are coded in nuclear DNA and cause diseases that are inherited according to Mendelian rules, mostly autosomal recessive. The most severely involved organs are generally those with the highest energy requirements, including the brain, the sensory epithelia, and the extraocular, cardiac, and skeletal musculature. Typical manifestations include epileptic seizures, stroke-like episodes, hearing loss, retinopathy, external ophthalmoparesis, exercise intolerance, and diabetes mellitus. More than two manifestations of these types should arouse suspicion of a disease of energy metabolism. The severity of mitochondrial disorders ranges from very severe disease, already evident in childhood, to relatively mild disease arising in late adulthood. The diagnosis is usually confirmed with molecular-genetic methods. Symptomatic treatment can improve patients' quality of life. The only disease-modifying treatment that has been approved to date is idebenone for the treatment of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Intravitreal gene therapy has also been developed for the treatment of this disease; its approval by the European Medicines Agency is pending. CONCLUSION Patients with mitochondrial diseases have highly varied manifestations and can thus present to physicians in practically any branch of medicine. A correct diagnosis is the prerequisite for genetic counseling and for the initiation of personalized treatment.
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13
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Ng YS, Bindoff LA, Gorman GS, Klopstock T, Kornblum C, Mancuso M, McFarland R, Sue CM, Suomalainen A, Taylor RW, Thorburn DR, Turnbull DM. Mitochondrial disease in adults: recent advances and future promise. Lancet Neurol 2021; 20:573-584. [PMID: 34146515 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are some of the most common inherited neurometabolic disorders, and major progress has been made in our understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions in the past 5 years. Development of national mitochondrial disease cohorts and international collaborations has changed our knowledge of the spectrum of clinical phenotypes and natural history of mitochondrial diseases. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have altered the diagnostic algorithm for mitochondrial diseases by increasingly using a genetics-first approach, with more than 350 disease-causing genes identified to date. While the current management strategy for mitochondrial disease focuses on surveillance for multisystem involvement and effective symptomatic treatment, new endeavours are underway to find better treatments, including repurposing current drugs, use of novel small molecules, and gene therapies. Developments made in reproductive technology offer women the opportunity to prevent transmission of DNA-related mitochondrial disease to their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Directorate of Neurosciences, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laurence A Bindoff
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gráinne S Gorman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Directorate of Neurosciences, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, LMU Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kornblum
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Disease Section, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Program in Stem Cells and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Centre, HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Hospital, HUSlab, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David R Thorburn
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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14
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Jones K, Hawke F, Newman J, Miller JA, Burns J, Jakovljevic DG, Gorman G, Turnbull DM, Ramdharry G. Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with neuromuscular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 5:CD013544. [PMID: 34027632 PMCID: PMC8142076 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013544.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that people of all ages take regular and adequate physical activity. If unable to meet the recommendations due to health conditions, international guidance advises being as physically active as possible. Evidence from community interventions of physical activity indicate that people living with medical conditions are sometimes excluded from participation in studies. In this review, we considered the effects of activity-promoting interventions on physical activity and well-being in studies, as well as any adverse events experienced by participants living with inherited or acquired neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of interventions designed to promote physical activity in people with NMD compared with no intervention or alternative interventions. SEARCH METHODS On 30 April 2020, we searched Cochrane Neuromuscular Specialised Register, CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE, and ClinicalTrials.Gov. WHO ICTRP was not accessible at the time. SELECTION CRITERIA We considered randomised or quasi-randomised trials, including cross-over trials, of interventions designed to promote physical activity in people with NMD compared to no intervention or alternative interventions. We specifically included studies that reported physical activity as an outcome measure. Our main focus was studies in which promoting physical activity was a stated aim but we also included studies in which physical activity was assessed as a secondary or exploratory outcome. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane procedures. MAIN RESULTS The review included 13 studies (795 randomised participants from 12 studies; number of participants unclear in one study) of different interventions to promote physical activity. Most studies randomised a minority of invited participants. No study involved children or adolescents and nine studies reported minimal entry criteria for walking. Participants had one of nine inherited or acquired NMDs. Types of intervention included structured physical activity support, exercise support (as a specific form of physical activity), and behaviour change support that included physical activity or exercise. Only one included study clearly reported that the aim of intervention was to increase physical activity. Other studies reported or planned to analyse the effects of intervention on physical activity as a secondary or exploratory outcome measure. Six studies did not report results for physical activity outcomes, or the data were not usable. We judged 10 of the 13 included studies at high or unclear risk of bias from incomplete physical activity outcome reporting. We did not perform a meta-analysis for any comparison because of differences in interventions and in usual care. We also found considerable variation in how studies reported physical activity as an outcome measure. The studies that reported physical activity measurement did not always clearly report intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis or whether final assessments occurred during or after intervention. Based on prespecified measures, we included three comparisons in our summary of findings. A physical activity programme (weight-bearing) compared to no physical activity programme One study involved adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and reported weekly duration of walking during and at the end of a one-year intervention using a StepWatch ankle accelerometer. Based on the point estimate and low-certainty evidence, intervention may have led to an important increase in physical activity per week; however, the 95% confidence interval (CI) included the possibility of no difference or an effect in either direction at three months (mean difference (MD) 34 minutes per week, 95% CI -92.19 to 160.19; 69 participants), six months (MD 68 minutes per week, 95% CI -55.35 to 191.35; 74 participants), and 12 months (MD 49 minutes per week, 95% CI -75.73 to 173.73; 70 participants). Study-reported effect estimates for foot lesions and full-thickness ulcers also included the possibility of no difference, a higher, or lower risk with intervention. A sensor-based, interactive exercise programme compared to no sensor-based, interactive exercise programme One study involved adults with DPN and reported duration of walking over 48 hours at the end of four weeks' intervention using a t-shirt embedded PAMSys sensor. It was not possible to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the intervention from the very low-certainty evidence (MD -0.64 hours per 48 hours, 95% CI -2.42 to 1.13; 25 participants). We were also unable to draw conclusions about impact on the Physical Component Score (PCS) for quality of life (MD 0.24 points, 95% CI -5.98 to 6.46; 35 participants; very low-certainty evidence), although intervention may have made little or no difference to the Mental Component Score (MCS) for quality of life (MD 5.10 points, 95% CI -0.58 to 10.78; 35 participants; low-certainty evidence). A functional exercise programme compared to a stretching exercise programme One study involved adults with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy and reported a daily physical activity count at the end of 12 weeks' intervention using an Actical accelerometer. It was not possible to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of either intervention (requiring compliance) due to low-certainty evidence and unconfirmed measurement units (MD -8701, 95% CI -38,293.30 to 20,891.30; 43 participants). Functional exercise may have made little or no difference to quality of life compared to stretching (PCS: MD -1.10 points, 95% CI -5.22 to 3.02; MCS: MD -1.10 points, 95% CI -6.79 to 4.59; 49 participants; low-certainty evidence). Although studies reported adverse events incompletely, we found no evidence of supported activity increasing the risk of serious adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found a lack of evidence relating to children, adolescents, and non-ambulant people of any age. Many people living with NMD did not meet randomised controlled trial eligibility criteria. There was variation in the components of supported activity intervention and usual care, such as physical therapy provision. We identified variation among studies in how physical activity was monitored, analysed, and reported. We remain uncertain of the effectiveness of promotional intervention for physical activity and its impact on quality of life and adverse events. More information is needed on the ITT population, as well as more complete reporting of outcomes. While there may be no single objective measure of physical activity, the study of qualitative and dichotomous change in self-reported overall physical activity might offer a pragmatic approach to capturing important change at an individual and population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Jones
- Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Network and Acute and Emergency Care Network, Cochrane, London, UK
| | - Fiona Hawke
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Jane Newman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James Al Miller
- c/o Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Joshua Burns
- University of Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Djordje G Jakovljevic
- Cardiovascular and Lifestyle Medicine Theme, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Grainne Gorman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Douglass M Turnbull
- Mitochondrial Research Group, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gita Ramdharry
- Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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15
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Exercise Testing, Physical Training and Fatigue in Patients with Mitochondrial Myopathy Related to mtDNA Mutations. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081796. [PMID: 33924201 PMCID: PMC8074604 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cause disruption of the oxidative phosphorylation chain and impair energy production in cells throughout the human body. Primary mitochondrial disorders due to mtDNA mutations can present with symptoms from adult-onset mono-organ affection to death in infancy due to multi-organ involvement. The heterogeneous phenotypes that patients with a mutation of mtDNA can present with are thought, at least to some extent, to be a result of differences in mtDNA mutation load among patients and even among tissues in the individual. The most common symptom in patients with mitochondrial myopathy (MM) is exercise intolerance. Since mitochondrial function can be assessed directly in skeletal muscle, exercise studies can be used to elucidate the physiological consequences of defective mitochondria due to mtDNA mutations. Moreover, exercise tests have been developed for diagnostic purposes for mitochondrial myopathy. In this review, we present the rationale for exercise testing of patients with MM due to mutations in mtDNA, evaluate the diagnostic yield of exercise tests for MM and touch upon how exercise tests can be used as tools for follow-up to assess disease course or effects of treatment interventions.
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16
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Tinker RJ, Lim AZ, Stefanetti RJ, McFarland R. Current and Emerging Clinical Treatment in Mitochondrial Disease. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:181-206. [PMID: 33646563 PMCID: PMC7919238 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) is a group of complex genetic disorders that arise due to pathogenic variants in nuclear or mitochondrial genomes. Although PMD is one of the most prevalent inborn errors of metabolism, it often exhibits marked phenotypic variation and can therefore be difficult to recognise. Current treatment for PMD revolves around supportive and preventive approaches, with few disease-specific therapies available. However, over the last decade there has been considerable progress in our understanding of both the genetics and pathophysiology of PMD. This has resulted in the development of a plethora of new pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies at varying stages of development. Many of these therapies are currently undergoing clinical trials. This review summarises the latest emerging therapies that may become mainstream treatment in the coming years. It is distinct from other recent reviews in the field by comprehensively addressing both pharmacological non-pharmacological therapy from both a bench and a bedside perspective. We highlight the current and developing therapeutic landscape in novel pharmacological treatment, dietary supplementation, exercise training, device use, mitochondrial donation, tissue replacement gene therapy, hypoxic therapy and mitochondrial base editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory J Tinker
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Albert Z Lim
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Renae J Stefanetti
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders for Adults and Children, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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17
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Stefanetti RJ, Blain A, Jimenez-Moreno C, Errington L, Ng YS, McFarland R, Turnbull DM, Newman J, Gorman GS. Measuring the effects of exercise in neuromuscular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:84. [PMID: 32671231 PMCID: PMC7331112 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15825.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The benefit and safety of exercise training for patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) has long been a contentious topic. This is, in part, due to recognised challenges associated with rare diseases including small and heterogenous patient populations. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of interventional exercise and establish minimal clinically important differences (MCID) in outcomes to facilitate clinical interpretation. Methods: We searched six databases from inception to Mar 2018. Aerobic, strength, and combined (aerobic and strength) intervention were eligible. Meta-analyses compared outcomes at baseline with those after at least six weeks (before-after exercise within individuals). A further meta-analysis compared outcomes before-after exercise between groups (exercise training versus usual care). Disease heterogeneity was explored using a random effect model. This study was registered (PROSPERO, CRD42018102183). An interactive database was developed to facilitate full interrogations of data. Results: We identified 130 articles describing 1,805 participants with 35 different forms of NMD. Of these studies, 76 were suitable for meta-analyses. Within group and between group meta-analyses detected an increase in peak aerobic capacity (p=0·04), and peak power (p=0·01). Six-minute walk test (p=0·04), sit-to-stand (STS) (repetitions) (p=0·03), STS (seconds) (p=0·04), rise from supine (p=0·008), SF-36 (p=0·0003), fatigue severity (p=<0·0001), citrate synthase (p=0·0002), central nuclei (p=0·04), type 1 (p=0·002) and type II muscle fibre area (p=0·003), were only able to detect change within group meta-analyses. Substantial I 2 statistic heterogeneity was revealed for STS (seconds) ( I²=58·5%; p=0·04) and citrate synthase ( I²=70·90%; p=0·002), otherwise heterogeneity for all outcomes was low. No study-related serious adverse events were reported nor significant increases in creatine kinase. Conclusions: Exercise training in patients with NMDs appears to cause no harm across a range of outcomes. With the emergence of new therapeutic strategies, defining MCID is vital in informing future clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae J. Stefanetti
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alasdair Blain
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Cecilia Jimenez-Moreno
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Linda Errington
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Doug M. Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jane Newman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4HH, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Gráinne S Gorman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4HH, UK
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