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Silima M, Christofides N, Franchino-Olsen H, Woollett N, Meinck F. "I've accepted it because at the end of the day there is nothing, I can do about it": A qualitative study exploring the experiences of women living with the HIV, intimate partner violence and mental health syndemic in Mpumalanga, South Africa. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002588. [PMID: 38709813 PMCID: PMC11073682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In South Africa, Mental Health (MH), HIV, and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) form a syndemic, that disproportionately affects women. These challenges are often co-occurring and create complex adversities for women. Recognising these intersections and the broader socio-cultural dynamics at play is crucial to understanding the layered experiences of these women and developing effective interventions. This research explores the experiences of the women living with at least two of the epidemics (HIV, IPV and or MH) and how they cope. A qualitative study design was used and 20 women (22-60 years) were recruited from Mpumalanga, South Africa. To be eligible for the study the women had to have experienced at least two of the epidemics. Data were collected through home-based interviews, arts-based activities, and analysed thematically using MAXQDA (2022) software. MH challenges were prevalent among all the participants and were linked to both IPV and HIV, resulting in symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts. In relation to the HIV-MH link, MH challenges in this combination included feelings of denial, sadness and anxiety related to participant's HIV diagnosis. A bidirectional relationship also existed in the IPV-MH group where pre-existing MH challenges among women increased their vulnerability of having violent partners, whilst IPV also increased MH challenges. In the IPV-MH-HIV group early childhood violence exposure was linked with MH challenges and later victimization and vulnerability to HIV. Participants primarily used religion, acceptance, occasional alcohol, and family support as coping strategies. Particularly in IPV situations, alcohol use/misuse was the most prevalent coping strategies. The study highlights the syndemic relationship between HIV, IPV and MH challenges among South African women living in a peri-urban community, with a central emphasis on MH challenges. Interventions should holistically address these challenges, with particular focus on MH challenges, cultural sensitivity, and promotion of healthy coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Silima
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicola Christofides
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hannabeth Franchino-Olsen
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nataly Woollett
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Visual Arts, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Franziska Meinck
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Carlisle S, Bunce A, Prina M, McManus S, Barbosa E, Feder G, Lewis NV. How effective are UK-based support interventions and services targeted at adults who have experienced domestic and sexual violence and abuse at improving their safety and wellbeing? A systematic review protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289192. [PMID: 38060529 PMCID: PMC10703258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic and sexual violence and abuse (DSVA) is prevalent in the UK, with wide-ranging impacts both on individuals and society. However, to date, there has been no systematic synthesis of the evidence for the effectiveness of UK-based support interventions and services for victim-survivors of DSVA. This review will aim to systematically collate, synthesise and quality assess the evidence regarding the effectiveness of UK support interventions and services targeted at those who have experienced DSVA. The review will use findings of a preliminary scoping review, as well as input from stakeholders representing domestic and sexual violence third sector organisations to identify and prioritise the most relevant outcomes to focus on. METHODS We will undertake a systematic search for peer-reviewed literature in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), Sociological abstracts and SSCI. Grey literature will be identified by searching grey literature databases, circulating a call for evidence to local and national DSVA charities and organisations, and targeted website searching. Two reviewers will independently perform study selection and quality appraisal, with data extraction undertaken by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by a second reviewer. Narrative synthesis will be conducted, with meta-analysis if possible. DISCUSSION Existing individual studies and evaluations have reported positive impacts of support interventions and services for those who have experienced DSVA. Thus, it is expected that this review and synthesis will provide robust and conclusive evidence of these effects. It will also allow comparisons to be made between different types of support interventions and services, to inform policy makers and funders regarding the most effective ways of reducing domestic and sexual violence and abuse and its impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Carlisle
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annie Bunce
- Violence and Society Centre, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Prina
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Sally McManus
- Violence and Society Centre, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Social Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Estela Barbosa
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gene Feder
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia V. Lewis
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Daoud N, Carmi A, Bolton R, Cerdán-Torregrosa A, Nielsen A, Alfayumi-Zeadna S, Edwards C, Ó Súilleabháin F, Sanz-Barbero B, Vives-Cases C, Salazar M. Promoting Positive Masculinities to Address Violence Against Women: A Multicountry Concept Mapping Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:6523-6552. [PMID: 36475434 PMCID: PMC10052420 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221134641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interventions engaging men that challenge unequal gender norms have been shown to be effective in reducing violence against women (VAW). However, few studies have explored how to promote anti-VAW positive masculinity in young adults. This study aims to identify key multicountry strategies, as conceived by young adults and other stakeholders, for promoting positive masculinities to improve gender equity and prevent and target VAW. This study (2019-2021) involved young adults (aged 18-24 years) and stakeholders from Ireland, Israel, Spain, and Sweden. We applied concept mapping, a participatory mixed-method approach, in phases: (1) brainstorming, using semi-structured interviews with young adults (n = 105) and stakeholders (n = 60), plus focus group discussions (n = 88), to collect ideas for promoting anti-VAW positive masculinity; (2) development of an online questionnaire for sorting (n = 201) and rating ideas emerging from brainstorming by importance (n = 406) and applicability (n = 360); (3) based on sorting and rating data, creating rating maps for importance and applicability and clusters/strategies using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis with groupwisdom™ software; and (4) interpretation of results with multicountry stakeholders to reach agreement. The cluster map identified seven key strategies (41 actions) for promoting anti-VAW positive masculinities ranked from highest to lowest: Formal and informal education and training; Preventive education and activities in different settings/areas; Skills and knowledge; Empathy, reflection, and understanding; Media and public efforts; Policy, legislation, and the criminal justice system; and Organizational actions and interventions. Pattern matches indicated high agreement between young people and stakeholders in ranking importance (r = 0.96), but low agreement for applicability (r = 0.60). Agreement in the total sample on prioritizing statements by importance and applicability was also low (r = 0.20); only 14 actions were prioritized as both important and applicable. Young people and stakeholders suggested seven comprehensive, multidimensional, multi-setting strategies to facilitate promoting positive masculinity to reduce VAW. Discrepancy between importance and applicability might indicate policy and implementation obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihaya Daoud
- School of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Ayelet Carmi
- School of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Robert Bolton
- School of Applied Social Studies/Institute for Social Science in the 21st Century, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Anna Nielsen
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Claire Edwards
- School of Applied Social Studies/Institute for Social Science in the 21st Century, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiachra Ó Súilleabháin
- School of Applied Social Studies/Institute for Social Science in the 21st Century, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- University of Alicante, Spain
- CIBER for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Salazar
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Barnes M, Szilassy E, Herbert A, Heron J, Feder G, Fraser A, Howe LD, Barter C. Being silenced, loneliness and being heard: understanding pathways to intimate partner violence & abuse in young adults. a mixed-methods study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1562. [PMID: 35974354 PMCID: PMC9381391 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International research shows the significance and impact of intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) as a public health issue for young adults. There is a lack of qualitative research exploring pathways to IPVA. METHODS The current mixed-methods study used qualitative interviews and analysis of longitudinal cohort data, to explore experiences of pathways to IPVA. Semi-structured Interviews alongside Life History Calendars were undertaken to explore 17 young women's (19-25 years) experiences and perceptions of pathways to IPVA in their relationships. Thematic analysis was undertaken. Based on themes identified in the qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis was conducted in data from 2127 female and 1145 male participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort study. We fitted regression models to assess the association of child maltreatment, parental domestic violence, and peer-to-peer victimisation, by age 12, with loneliness during adolescence (ages 13-14), and the association of loneliness during adolescence with IPVA (age 18-21). Mediation analysis estimated the direct effects of maltreatment on IPVA, and indirect effects through loneliness. FINDINGS All women interviewed experienced at least one type of maltreatment, parental domestic violence, or bullying during childhood. Nearly all experienced IPVA and most had been multi-victimised. Findings indicated a circular pathway: early trauma led to isolation and loneliness, negative labelling and being silenced through negative responses to help seeking, leading to increased experiences of loneliness and intensifying vulnerability to further violence and abuse in young adulthood. The pathway was compounded by intersectionality. Potential ways to break this cycle of loneliness included being heard and supported, especially by teachers. Quantitative analysis confirmed an association between child maltreatment and loneliness in adolescence, and an association between loneliness in adolescence and experience of IPVA in young adult relationships. CONCLUSION It is likely that negative labelling and loneliness mediate pathways to IPVA, especially among more disadvantaged young women. The impact of early maltreatment on young people's wellbeing and own relationships is compounded by disadvantage, disability and ethnicity. Participants' resilience was enabled by support in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Barnes
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - Eszter Szilassy
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Annie Herbert
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Gene Feder
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Abigail Fraser
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Laura D Howe
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
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Navarro R, Larrañaga E, Yubero S, Víllora B. Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences within the Family Context and In-Person and Online Dating Violence in Adulthood: A Scoping Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12060162. [PMID: 35735372 PMCID: PMC9219904 DOI: 10.3390/bs12060162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a common pathway to risky behaviour, violence or re-victimisation, disability, illness, and premature mortality and, as such, may be associated with victimisation and perpetration of dating violence not only in adolescence but also in adulthood. Method: A scoping review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO) were used to search for studies published between 2000 and 2021 that analysed the relationship between adverse childhood experiences within the family context and the perpetration or victimisation of dating violence in adulthood. Results: The search yielded 599 articles, 32 of which met the inclusion criteria and were ultimately included in the review. Most of the study samples were from the United States. Most of the studies sampled university populations. The studies had a clear objective, were of an appropriate design, contained a detailed description of the sample, and used valid and reliable measurement instruments. Conclusion: This scoping review shows that the relationship between ACEs and perpetration and/or subsequent victimisation is complex and that, while adverse childhood experiences are a factor associated with adult dating violence, they are likely to coexist with other personal, family, and environmental problems. Therefore, adverse childhood experiences may not be a necessary or sufficient condition for experiencing dating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Navarro
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Humanities, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda de los Alfares, 42, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (S.Y.); (B.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisa Larrañaga
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Work, University of Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Camino Cañete, s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain;
| | - Santiago Yubero
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Humanities, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda de los Alfares, 42, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (S.Y.); (B.V.)
| | - Beatriz Víllora
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Humanities, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda de los Alfares, 42, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (S.Y.); (B.V.)
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Herbert A, Heron J, Barnes M, Barter C, Feder G, Meghrawi K, Szilassy E, Fraser A, Howe LD. Exploring the causal role of intimate partner violence and abuse on depressive symptoms in young adults: a population-based cohort study. BMC Med 2022; 20:1. [PMID: 35000596 PMCID: PMC8744329 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown an association between experience of intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) and depression. Whether this is a causal relationship or explained by prior vulnerability that influences the risk of both IPVA and depression is not known. METHODS We analysed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children prospective cohort (N = 1764 women, 1028 men). To assess the causal association between IPVA at 18-21 years old and logged depressive symptom scores at age 23, we used (i) multivariable linear regression, (ii) inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), and (iii) difference-in-difference (DiD) analysis, which compared the mean change in logged depressive symptom scores between ages 16 and 23 between those who experienced IPVA and those who did not. RESULTS Women who experienced IPVA had on average 26% higher depressive symptom scores after adjustment for measured confounders (ratio of geometric means 1.26, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.40). In men, the difference was 5% (ratio of geometric means 1.05, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.21). Results from IPTW analysis were similar. In the DiD analysis, there was no evidence that being exposed to IPVA affected the change in depressive symptom scores over time compared to being in the non-exposed group for either women (difference-in-differences 1%, -12 to 16%) or men (-1%, -19 to 20%). CONCLUSIONS Multivariable linear regression and IPTW suggested an association between IPVA and higher depressive symptom score in women but not men, but DiD analysis indicated a null effect in both women and men. This suggests the causal origins of higher depressive symptoms in this young adult population are likely to reflect prior vulnerability that leads to both higher depressive symptoms and increased risk of IPVA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Herbert
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Maria Barnes
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Gene Feder
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Eszter Szilassy
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Abigail Fraser
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura D Howe
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
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Vieira-Pinto P, Muñoz-Barús JI, Taveira-Gomes T, Vidal-Alves MJ, Magalhães T. Suspension of Criminal Proceedings for Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: Impact on Re-Entries. Front Psychol 2021; 12:725081. [PMID: 34777104 PMCID: PMC8586086 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.725081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the most prevalent crimes in our society, but the legal mechanisms to oppose it are recent. The Portuguese Provisional Suspension of Criminal Proceedings (PSCP) as a criminal justice system (CJS) response proposes an integrated consensual solution with the involved parties, to reduce offenders' recidivism. This article analyses the effect of PSCP on re-entries into the CJS. We examined 1,662 IPV police reports, exploring cases that underwent PSCP and re-entries of the same offender in the CJS. Results show that PSCP is applied in 17% of the cases. From all analyzed determinants, with a possible relation to the PSCP implementation, it was found that social violence and the age of both victims and defendants emerge as significantly associated with the request or acceptance of this legal mechanism. No variables tested moderated the relationship between PSCP and re-entry over 96months following the first police report. The article also examined variables that might moderate the decision to request this legal mechanism among victims and defendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Vieira-Pinto
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Pathology, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Paediatrics, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences, Department of Sciences, CESPU, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Gandra, Portugal
| | - José Ignacio Muñoz-Barús
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Pathology, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Paediatrics, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tiago Taveira-Gomes
- IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences, Department of Sciences, CESPU, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Gandra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS - Centre of Health Technology and Service Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Vidal-Alves
- IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences, Department of Sciences, CESPU, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Gandra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Magalhães
- IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences, Department of Sciences, CESPU, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Gandra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS - Centre of Health Technology and Service Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Lausi G, Pizzo A, Cricenti C, Baldi M, Desiderio R, Giannini AM, Mari E. Intimate Partner Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Phenomenon from Victims' and Help Professionals' Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6204. [PMID: 34201161 PMCID: PMC8227680 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation is considered one of the main risk factors leading to intimate partner violence episodes; this evidence also emerged during the application of stay-at-home policies to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, we aimed to collect data on intimate partner violence over the last year, comparing data reported by victims with data collected by help professionals. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, through keywords related to abuse, pandemic and containment measures, 3174 articles were identified for screening. After full-text reading and risk of bias analysis, 19 studies were included, and a thematic synthesis was conducted according to two categories: "studies with victims" and "studies with help professionals". The results of the present review showed that there were significant differences between the data provided by victims and the data collected by health care facilities and police departments; additionally, differences among different forms and severity of victimization emerged. The results have been discussed according to the literature; in particular, we reflected on how containment measures have apparently made it more difficult for victims to report, thus making the existence of the dark figure of crime even more salient.
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Couturiaux DVR, Young H, Anthony RE, Page N, Lowthian E, Melendez-Torres GJ, Hewitt G, Moore GF. Risk Behaviours Associated with Dating and Relationship Violence among 11-16 Year Olds in Wales: Results from the 2019 Student Health and Wellbeing Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031192. [PMID: 33572756 PMCID: PMC7908341 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study examines the associations between risk behaviours and adolescent emotional and physical dating and relationship violence (DRV) victimisation and perpetration, and how these vary by gender. The risk behaviours explored include bullying, cyberbullying, sexting, alcohol, and cannabis use; (2) Methods: Cross-sectional self-report data from the School Health Research Network (SHRN) 2019 Student Health Wellbeing (SHW) survey of 48,397 students aged 11–16 from 149 schools across Wales were analysed using single and multiple-behaviour logistic regression models to explore the associations between each risk behaviour and emotional and physical DRV victimisation and perpetration; (3) Results: Bivariate analyses revealed a statistically significant association between DRV and all risk behaviours. In multivariate analyses, students who reported bullying, cyberbullying, sexting, and substance use, compared to those that had not, had significantly higher odds of experiencing and perpetrating emotional and physical DRV; and (4) Conclusions: Future studies on DRV should consider a mixed-methods approach to explore the context in which DRV and risk behaviours interrelate. Results from this study indicate the possibility that prevention and intervention programmes in school settings that seek to develop healthy school environments and peer-to-peer relationships, could inadvertently reduce the occurrence of future DRV and associated risk behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle V. R. Couturiaux
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK; (H.Y.); (N.P.); (E.L.); (G.H.); (G.F.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.V.R.C.); (R.E.A.)
| | - Honor Young
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK; (H.Y.); (N.P.); (E.L.); (G.H.); (G.F.M.)
| | - Rebecca E. Anthony
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK; (H.Y.); (N.P.); (E.L.); (G.H.); (G.F.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.V.R.C.); (R.E.A.)
| | - Nicholas Page
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK; (H.Y.); (N.P.); (E.L.); (G.H.); (G.F.M.)
| | - Emily Lowthian
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK; (H.Y.); (N.P.); (E.L.); (G.H.); (G.F.M.)
| | - G. J. Melendez-Torres
- College of Medicine and Health, South Cloisters, St Luke’s Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK;
| | - Gillian Hewitt
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK; (H.Y.); (N.P.); (E.L.); (G.H.); (G.F.M.)
| | - Graham F. Moore
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK; (H.Y.); (N.P.); (E.L.); (G.H.); (G.F.M.)
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