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Pradhoshini KP, Santhanabharathi B, Priyadharshini M, Ahmed MS, Murugan K, Sivaperumal P, Alam L, Duong VH, Musthafa MS. Microbial consortium and impact of industrial mining on the Natural High Background Radiation Area (NHBRA), India - Characteristic role of primordial radionuclides in influencing the community structure and extremophiles pattern. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:118000. [PMID: 38128601 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation is the first of its kind which aims to study the characteristics of microbial consortium inhabiting one of the natural high background radiation areas of the world, Chavara Coast in Kerala, India. The composition of the microbial community and their structural changes were evaluated under the natural circumstances with exorbitant presence of radionuclides in the sediments and after the radionuclide's recession due to mining effects. For this purpose, the concentration of radionuclides, heavy metals, net radioactivity estimation via gross alpha and beta emitters and other physiochemical characteristics were assessed in the sediments throughout the estuarine stretch. According to the results, the radionuclides had a significant effect in shaping the community structure and composition, as confirmed by the bacterial heterogeneity achieved between the samples. The results indicate that high radioactivity in the background environment reduced the abundance and growth of normal microbial fauna and favoured only the growth of certain extremophiles belonging to families of Piscirickettsiacea, Rhodobacteriacea and Thermodesulfovibrionaceae, which were able to tolerate and adapt towards the ionizing radiation present in the environment. In contrast, communities from Comamondacea, Sphingomonadacea, Moraxellacea and Erythrobacteracea were present in the sediments collected from industrial outlet, reinforcing the potent role of radionuclides in governing the community pattern of microbes present in the natural environment. The study confirms the presence of these novel and unidentified bacterial communities and further opens the possibility of utilizing their usefulness in future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumara Perumal Pradhoshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 014, India; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bharathi Santhanabharathi
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 014, India
| | - Marckasagayam Priyadharshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 014, India
| | - Munawar Suhail Ahmed
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 014, India
| | - Karuvelan Murugan
- Department of Microbiology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Sciences (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600117, India
| | - Pitchiah Sivaperumal
- Marine Biomedical Research Lab & Environmental Toxicology Unit, Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600077, India
| | - Lubna Alam
- Fisheries Economics Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Van-Hao Duong
- VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 014, India; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Al Shaaibi M, Ali J, Tsikouras B, Masri Z. Environmental radioactivity assessment of the Brunei Darussalam coastline of the South China Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121288. [PMID: 36791947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Radioactivity levels of naturally occurring radionuclides at the coast of Brunei Darussalam were evaluated along with their dose rates. Twenty-six berm and intertidal sediment samples were measured using gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in berm sediments were 10.07 ± 1.02 Bq/kg, below the minimum detectable activity, and 21.44 ± 1.23 Bq/kg, respectively, whereas for intertidal sediments they were 7.01 ± 0.87, 1.67 ± 0.15 and 4.99 ± 0.42 Bq/kg, respectively. With respect to the radiological health risk, the average hazard indices, absorbed gamma dose rate, effective dose equivalent, and excess lifetime cancer risk were found to be less than the global average. Calculation of the activity ratio showed that 40K is the main source of radiation in the coastal sediments. Furthermore, the difference in radioactivity levels between the berm sediments and intertidal sediments collected at the same location was investigated. Finally, a standard geological terminology of the littoral zone profile is proposed for describing coastal samples for universal communication among researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Shaaibi
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Brunei; Water Quality Section, Operation Directorate, Public Authority of Water, Oman
| | - Juma Ali
- Food Safety and Quality Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources, Oman
| | - Basilios Tsikouras
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Brunei
| | - Zarifi Masri
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Brunei.
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3
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Natural radioactivity and external hazard index in Brazilian sands. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Suárez Fernández JP. The downfall of the linear non-threshold model. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2020; 39:303-315. [PMID: 32693978 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The linear non-threshold model (LNTM) is a theoretical dose-response function as a result of extrapolating the late effects of high-dose exposure to ionizing radiation to the low-dose range, but there is great uncertainty about its validity. The acceptance of LNTM as the dominant probabilistic model have survived to the present day and it is actually the cornerstone of current radiation protection policies. In the last decades, advances in molecular and evolutive biology, cancer immunology, and many epidemiological and animal studies have cast serious doubts about the reliability of the NLTM, as well as suggesting alternative models, like the hormetic theory. Considering the given evidences, a discussion between the involved scientific societies and the regulatory commissions is promtly required in order to to reach a redefiniton of theradiation protection basis, as it would be specially crucial in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Suárez Fernández
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España.
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Inoue K, Sahoo SK, Veerasamy N, Kasahara S, Fukushi M. Distribution patterns of gamma radiation dose rate in the high background radiation area of Odisha, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Pinto PV, Sudeep Kumara K, Karunakara N. Mass exhalation rates, emanation coefficients and enrichment pattern of radon, thoron in various grain size fractions of monazite rich beach placers. RADIAT MEAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2019.106220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Assessment of radiological impacts of natural radionuclides and radon exhalation rate measured in the soil samples of Himalayan foothills of Uttarakhand, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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The Potential for REE and Associated Critical Metals in Coastal Sand (Placer) Deposits of Greece: A Review. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9080469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rare earth elements (REEs) are characterized by the European Union (EU) as critical raw materials with a significant risk of supply because of their broad utility in both traditional and emerging technological applications. The growing demand for REE has caused a flurry in the search for new REE deposits in Europe and elsewhere in the world, and is also linked to rising exploitation efforts in a variety of geological settings. To this end, Greece appears to be a promising candidate to become a leading EU country in terms of REE by virtue of its natural endowment in sedimentary heavy mineral deposits (placers) along its long coastline. The present review focuses on the distribution, abundance, and bulk geochemistry of REEs and other critical metals (Ta, Nb, Co) associated with placer deposits of Greece, and specifically with geologically young heavy mineral sand accumulations developed proximal to felsic plutonic source rocks. These deposits are also enriched in the actinides uranium (U) and thorium (Th), as both of these metals are typically associated with REE-rich minerals such as xenotime, monazite, thorite, allanite, and zircon. Previous studies have employed a variety of analytical techniques down to nano-meter scale with the aim to elucidate the mineralogy and distribution of REE and associated actinides in Greek beach placers. In view of this mineralogically-intensive background, the present review focuses chiefly on bulk geochemical characteristics of the same deposits and the variations thereof between two major geographical regions (northern Greece, southern Aegean) and across individual placer occurrences within them. In this framework, we present comprehensive compositional comparisons between the different deposits, highlighting the geological sub-environments wherein they occur, their distinctive sources and geochemical signatures, and their potential economic significance in terms of REE and other critical metal enrichments where applicable.
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Hasan Basri IK, Yusuf D, Rahardjo T, Nurhayati S, Tetriana D, Ramadhani D, Alatas Z, Purnami S, Kisnanto T, Lusiyanti Y, Syaifudin M. Study of γ-H2AX as DNA double strand break biomarker in resident living in high natural radiation area of Mamuju, West Sulawesi. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 171:212-216. [PMID: 28282532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High expression of phospho histone γ-H2AX, a sensitive marker of double stranded DNA damage, is believed to be an indication of defective DNA repair pathway or genomic instability that may cause mutations and ultimately cancer. DNA damage can be caused by ionizing radiation exposure. Beside in medical treatment/diagnosis or industry, ionizing radiation exposure can also be found in naturally in regions of high natural back ground radiation. In this study we collect the blood from 45 volunteers living in Mamuju, a region with highest natural radiation in Indonesia (dose of ∼7 mSv/year). Subjects were grouped as high natural background area (HNBA) (n = 37) and control area (n = 8). The expression γ-H2AX foci were evaluated by one of researcher fluorescence microscope examination. Our results show that the average foci numbers per cell were in the normal range. While not statistical different, the average of γ-H2AX foci in exposed area higher in the exposed compared to the control area, 0.31 versus 0.13 (p > 0.05), respectively. Moreover, there was also no statistical difference of average γ-H2AX foci between man and woman, old and young people in exposed and control area (p > 0.05). In this preliminary study we find that γ-H2AX foci (and thus DNA double strand break) frequency in residents living in the HNBA of Mamuju, West Sulawesi, show a trend towards higher (albeit not significant) average values relative to the control area. More research is needed to further scrutinize these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iin Kurnia Hasan Basri
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jl. Lebakbulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Indonesia.
| | - Darlina Yusuf
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jl. Lebakbulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Tur Rahardjo
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jl. Lebakbulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Siti Nurhayati
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jl. Lebakbulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Devita Tetriana
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jl. Lebakbulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Dwi Ramadhani
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jl. Lebakbulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Zubaidah Alatas
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jl. Lebakbulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Sofiati Purnami
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jl. Lebakbulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Teja Kisnanto
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jl. Lebakbulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Yanti Lusiyanti
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jl. Lebakbulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Mukh Syaifudin
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jl. Lebakbulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Indonesia
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Badran HM, Bin-Jaza AA, Sharshar T. Multivariate Statistical Analysis of High Background Radiation Area on the Hadhramout Coast. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-015-1728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Omori Y, Tokonami S, Ishikawa T, Sahoo SK, Akata N, Sorimachi A, Hosoda M, Pornnumpa C, Wanabongse P, Kudo H, Hu YJ, Ao YX, Li XL, Li K, Fu YH, Sun QF, Akiba S. A pilot study for dose evaluation in high-level natural radiation areas of Yangjiang, China. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Aliyu AS, Ramli AT. The world's high background natural radiation areas (HBNRAs) revisited: A broad overview of the dosimetric, epidemiological and radiobiological issues. RADIAT MEAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Mohapatra S, Sahoo SK, Dubey JS, Patra AC, Thakur VK, Tripathy SK, Sagar DV, Godbole SV, Ravi PM, Tripathi RM. Characterization of uranium and its progenies in drinking water and assessment of dose to public around a NHBRA, Odisha, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Heidari MH, Porghasem M, Mirzaei N, Mohseni JH, Heidari M, Azargashb E, Movafagh A, Heidari R, Molouki A, Larijani L. The effect of high level natural ionizing radiation on expression of PSA, CA19-9 and CEA tumor markers in blood serum of inhabitants of Ramsar, Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 128:64-67. [PMID: 24292395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Since several high level natural radiation areas (HLNRAs) exist on our planet, considerable attention has been drawn to health issues that may develop as the result of visiting or living in such places. City of Ramsar in Iran is an HNLRA, and is a tourist attraction mainly due to its hot spas. However, the growing awareness over its natural radiation sources has prompted widespread scientific investigation at national level. In this study, using an ELISA method, the level of expression of three tumor markers known as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and carcino antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in blood serum of 40 local men of Ramsar (subject group) was investigated and compared to 40 men from the city of Noshahr (control group). Noshahr was previously identified as a normal level natural radiation area (NLNRA) that is some 85 km far from Ramsar. According to statistical analysis, there was a significant difference in the levels of PSA and CA19-9 markers between the two groups (p < 0.001) with those of Ramsar being considerably higher. CEA level did not show any difference. Although some of the volunteers tested positive to the markers, they were in good health as confirmed by the physician. Moreover, the high number of positive markers in Noshahr was considerable. Therefore, future study is needed to further validate this result and to determine the level of positivity to tumor markers in both cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Heidari
- Department of Anatomy and Biology, Proteomics Laboatory, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Porghasem
- Department of Anatomical Science, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | | | - Matine Heidari
- Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eznollah Azargashb
- Department of Health and Social Medical Researches, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reihane Heidari
- Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aidin Molouki
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Leila Larijani
- Department of Anatomy and Biology, Proteomics Laboatory, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
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Abd El Wahab M, El Nahas HA. Radionuclides measurements and mineralogical studies on beach sands, East Rosetta Estuary, Egypt. CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMISTRY 2013; 32:146-156. [DOI: 10.1007/s11631-013-0617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Derin MT, Vijayagopal P, Venkatraman B, Chaubey RC, Gopinathan A. Radionuclides and radiation indices of high background radiation area in Chavara-Neendakara placer deposits (Kerala, India). PLoS One 2012; 7:e50468. [PMID: 23185629 PMCID: PMC3503973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper describes a detailed study on the distribution of radionuclides along Chavara - Neendakara placer deposit, a high background radiation area (HBRA) along the Southwest coast of India (Kerala). Judged from our studies using HPGe gamma spectrometric detector, it becomes evident that Uranium ((238)U), Thorium ((232)Th) and Potassium ((40)K) are the major sources for radioactivity prevailing in the area. Our statistical analyses reveal the existence of a high positive correlation between (238)U and (232)Th, implicating that the levels of these elements are interdependent. Our SEM-EDAX analyses reveal that titanium (Ti) and zircon (Zr) are the major trace elements in the sand samples, followed by aluminum, copper, iron, ruthenium, magnesium, calcium, sulphur and lead. This is first of its kind report on the radiation hazard indices on this placer deposit. The average absorbed dose rates (9795 nGy h(-1)) computed from the present study is comparable with the top-ranking HBRAs in the world, thus offering the Chavara-Neendakara placer the second position, after Brazil; pertinently, this value is much higher than the World average. The perceptibly high absorbed gamma dose rates, entrained with the high annual external effective dose rates (AEED) and average annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE) values existing in this HBRA, encourage us to suggest for a candid assessment of the impact of the background radiation, if any, on the organisms that inhabit along this placer deposit. Future research could effectively address the issue of the possible impact of natural radiation on the biota inhabiting this HBRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Thomas Derin
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Perumal Vijayagopal
- Radiological Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India
| | | | - Ramesh Chandra Chaubey
- Genetic Toxicology and Chromosome Studies Section, Cell Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Anilkumar Gopinathan
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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Abstract
The cancer mortality ratios (CMRs) in Poland in high and low level radiation areas were analyzed based on information from national cancer registry. Presented ecological study concerned six regions, extending from the largest administration areas (a group of voivodeships), to the smallest regions (single counties). The data show that the relative risk of cancer deaths is lower in the higher radiation level areas. The decrease by 1.17%/mSv/year (p = 0.02) of all cancer deaths and by 0.82%/mSv/year (p = 0.2) of lung cancers only are observed.Tribute to Prof. Zbigniew Jaworowski (1927-2011).
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Song G, Chen D, Tang Z, Zhang Z, Xie W. Natural radioactivity levels in topsoil from the Pearl River Delta Zone, Guangdong, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2012; 103:48-53. [PMID: 22036158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of the natural radionuclides ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K have been measured by γ-ray spectrometry in 796 topsoil samples from the Pearl River Delta Zone (PRDZ) of Guangdong, China. The mean concentrations for ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K were found to be 140 ± 37 Bq kg⁻¹, 134 ± 41 Bq kg⁻¹, 187 ± 80 Bq kg⁻¹ and 680 ± 203 Bq kg⁻¹ dry mass, respectively. These values were all higher than the mean values in soil for China and the world. Outdoor air-absorbed dose rates, calculated from activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K, ranged from 86 to 237 nGy h⁻¹, with a mean value of 165 ± 46 nGy h⁻¹. The corresponding annual outdoor effective dose rate per person was estimated to be between 0.11 and 0.29 mSv y⁻¹, with a mean value of 0.20 ± 0.06 mSv y⁻¹, which was also higher than the world mean value of 0.07 mSv y⁻¹. The radium equivalent activity (Ra(eq)) and the external hazard index (I(r)) resulted from the natural radionuclides in soil, were also calculated and found to vary from 230 to 676 Bq kg⁻¹ and from 0.6 to 1.8, respectively. The Ra(eq) and the I(r) in all the investigated regions were up to 75% higher than the set limits of 370 Bq kg⁻¹ and 1.0, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Song
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Correlation between radionuclides associated with zircon and monazite in beach sand of Rosetta, Egypt. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kondo S. Hormetic effects on human cancer mortality are inducible only after long-term irradiation at low dose rates. HEALTH PHYSICS 2011; 100:340-341. [PMID: 21595089 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e3181e9b120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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22
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Nowosielska EM, Cheda A, Wrembel-Wargocka J, Janiak MK. Anti-neoplastic and immunostimulatory effects of low-dose X-ray fractions in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 87:202-12. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2010.519422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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23
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Boice JD, Hendry JH, Nakamura N, Niwa O, Nakamura S, Yoshida K. Low-Dose-Rate Epidemiology of High Background Radiation Areas. Radiat Res 2010; 173:849-54. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2161.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Nowosielska EM, Cheda A, Wrembel-Wargocka J, Janiak MK. Immunological mechanism of the low-dose radiation-induced suppression of cancer metastases in a mouse model. Dose Response 2009; 8:209-26. [PMID: 20585439 PMCID: PMC2889504 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.09-016.nowosielska] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the doctrine underlying the current radiation protection regulations each, no matter how small, exposure to ionizing radiation may be carcinogenic. However, numerous epidemiological observations demonstrate that cancer incidence and/or mortality are not elevated among inhabitants of the high- versus low-natural-background radiation areas and homes. Results of our own and other authors' studies described in this paper bear testimony to the possibility that stimulation of the anti-neoplastic immune surveillance mediated by NK lymphocytes and activated macrophages explains, at least partially, the accumulating epidemiological and experimental evidence indicating that low-level exposures to the low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation inhibit the development of spontaneous and artificial metastases in humans and laboratory animals, respectively. The results presented also suggest the possibility of using low-level X- and gamma-ray exposures to cure cancer and to prevent cancer metastases. For a broader perspective, the results presented may help towards relaxing the current radiation protection regulations, especially as they apply to diagnostic and therapeutic exposures of patients to the indicated forms of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa M. Nowosielska
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Cheda
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Wrembel-Wargocka
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek K. Janiak
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
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Radon exhalation rate from sand samples from the newly discovered high background radiation area at Erasama beach placer deposit of Orissa, India. RADIAT MEAS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2008.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Sanders CL, Scott BR. Smoking and hormesis as confounding factors in radiation pulmonary carcinogenesis. Dose Response 2006; 6:53-79. [PMID: 18648572 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.06-003.sanders] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Confounding factors in radiation pulmonary carcinogenesis are passive and active cigarette smoke exposures and radiation hormesis. Significantly increased lung cancer risk from ionizing radiation at lung doses < 1 Gy is not observed in never smokers exposed to ionizing radiations. Residential radon is not a cause of lung cancer in never smokers and may protect against lung cancer in smokers. The risk of lung cancer found in many epidemiological studies was less than the expected risk (hormetic effect) for nuclear weapons and power plant workers, shipyard workers, fluoroscopy patients, and inhabitants of high-dose background radiation. The protective effect was noted for low- and mixed high- and low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiations in both genders. Many studies showed a protection factor (PROFAC) > 0.40 (40% avoided) against the occurrence of lung cancer. The ubiquitous nature of the radiation hormesis response in cellular, animal, and epidemio-logical studies negates the healthy worker effect as an explanation for radiation hormesis. Low-dose radiation may stimulate DNA repair/apoptosis and immunity to suppress and eliminate cigarette-smoke-induced transformed cells in the lung, reducing lung cancer occurrence in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Sanders
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Samavat H, Seaward MRD, Aghamiri SMR, Reza-Nejad F. Radionuclide concentrations in the diet of residents in a high level natural radiation area in Iran. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2006; 45:301-6. [PMID: 17047979 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-006-0066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 137Cs and 226Ra in the diet (foodstuffs and drinking water) of adult inhabitants in the high-level natural radiation area (HLNRA) of Ramsar, Iran have been determined. The annual intake of foodstuffs was estimated on the basis of their average annual consumption. Food samples collected from local markets were analyzed by means of a gamma spectrometer. The estimated annual dietary intakes of 137Cs and 226Ra were 130Bq and 245Bq, respectively. The concentrations of natural radionuclides in food and drinking water of the residents are higher than the world average, and are correlated with the high concentration of these radionuclides in soil and water. Calculations were also made to determine the potential dose to an individual consuming such diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Samavat
- Department of Medical Physics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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28
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Zanzonico P, Rothenberg LN, Strauss HW. Radiation exposure of computed tomography and direct intracoronary angiography: risk has its reward. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47:1846-9. [PMID: 16682311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of noninvasive testing has been the identification of patients with coronary artery disease. Now, with multislice computed tomography (MSCT), information about coronary anatomy can be obtained without the need for catheterization. A major concern with the application of MSCT coronary angiography is the radiation exposure to the patient. Both MSCT and selective coronary angiography share the risks of procedure-related complications, such as allergic contrast reactions, and stochastic risks (i.e., cancer induction) of low-level radiation. There is a substantially higher radiation dose for MSCT angiography (effective dose [ED] 14 mSv) than for CCA (ED 6 mSv). These exposures yield lifetimes risks of 0.07% and 0.02%, respectively, of inducing a fatal cancer in the general (i.e., age- and gender-averaged) population. However, CCA poses additional serious risks associated with cardiac catheterization, yielding a non-radiogenic risk of mortality--excluding contrast reactions--of 0.11%. Combining the radiogenic and non-radiogenic risks (0.02% and 0.11%, respectively) yields a 0.13% overall risk of mortality from CCA--nearly two-fold higher than that for MSCT angiography (0.07%). If one were to use the lower, more age-appropriate risk factors for the older patient population in question, the radiogenic risks of both CCA and MSCT would be reduced by about one-half, further widening the overall safety ratio of MSCT relative to CCA. When weighing the relative risks of alternative medical procedures, therefore, it is imperative that one consider the overall risk of the respective procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pat Zanzonico
- Department of Medical Physics, Nuclear Medicine Section, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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29
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Masoomi JR, Mohammadi S, Amini M, Ghiassi-Nejad M. High background radiation areas of Ramsar in Iran: evaluation of DNA damage by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2006; 86:176-86. [PMID: 16376699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2005] [Revised: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The hot springs in special areas in Ramsar, a northern coastal town in Iran, contain (226)Ra and (222)Rn. The natural radiation effects, radiosensitivity or adaptive responses, on the inhabitants of high natural radiation in Ramsar were studied. The single cell gel electrophoresis was used to monitor DNA damages. Three groups of volunteers were selected, one from high natural background radiation areas as the case group and two from normal background radiation areas as controls (control 1 and control 2). The latter one had the similar living situation to case group while the other (control 2) had different living situation from the other groups. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMNCs) were separated and irradiated by (60)Co source at five different gamma doses. It was found that the spontaneous level of DNA damage and the induced DNA damage in all challenging doses in case group was considerably higher than control groups (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the repair rate in those volunteers, who received less than 10.2 mSv/y was significantly more than the control groups. In the contrary, individuals who live in homes with more than 10.2 mSv/y had incomplete repair. Additionally the plasma and urinary levels of vitamin C were measured spectrophotometrically. Although the concentration of vitamin C of plasma was equal in case and control 1 groups, the urinary level of vitamin C was found to be lower in the case group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Masoomi
- Biophysics Department, College of Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Hayata I. Chromosomal mutations by low dose radiation vs. those by other mutagenic factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ics.2004.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Qiuju G, Bo C, Quanfu S. A pilot survey on indoor radon and thoron progeny in Yangjiang, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ics.2004.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Ionizing radiation has been the subject of intense epidemiological investigation. Studies have demonstrated that exposure to moderate-to-high levels can cause most forms of cancer, leukaemia and cancers of the breast, lung and thyroid being particularly sensitive to induction by radiation, especially at young ages at exposure. Predominant among these studies is the Life Span Study of the cohort of survivors of the atomic bombings of Japan in 1945, but substantial evidence is derived from groups exposed for medical reasons, occupationally or environmentally. Notable among these other groups are underground hard rock miners who inhaled radioactive radon gas and its decay products, large numbers of patients irradiated therapeutically and workers who received high doses in the nuclear weapons programme of the former USSR. The degree of carcinogenic risk arising from low levels of exposure is more contentious, but the available evidence points to an increased risk that is approximately proportional to the dose received. Epidemiological investigations of nonionizing radiation have established ultraviolet radiation as a cause of skin cancer. However, the evidence for a carcinogenic effect of other forms of nonionizing radiation, such as those associated with mobile telephones or electricity transmission lines, is not convincing, although the possibility of a link between childhood leukaemia and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields cannot be dismissed entirely.
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Mohanty A, Sengupta D, Das S, Vijayan V, Saha S. Natural radioactivity in the newly discovered high background radiation area on the eastern coast of Orissa, India. RADIAT MEAS 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2003.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Mohanty AK, Sengupta D, Das SK, Saha SK, Van KV. Natural radioactivity and radiation exposure in the high background area at Chhatrapur beach placer deposit of Orissa, India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2004; 75:15-33. [PMID: 15149759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2003.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2003] [Revised: 09/08/2003] [Accepted: 09/11/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A high natural background radiation area is reported for the Chhatrapur beach placer deposit of Orissa state, on the southeastern coast of India, due to the presence of radiogenic heavy minerals. The average activity concentrations of radioactive elements 232Th, 238U and 40K were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry using a HPGe detector, and found to be 2500 +/-1850, 230 +/- 140 and 120 +/- 35 Bq kg-1, respectively, for the bulk sand samples. The absorbed gamma dose rates in air due to the naturally occurring radionuclides varied from 375 to 5000 nGy h-1, with an average value of 1625 +/- 1200 nGy h-1. The external annual effective dose rate of the region ranged from 0.46 to 6.12 mSv y-1, with an average value of 1625 +/- 1200 mSv y-1. The absorbed gamma dose rate levels of Chhatrapur beach area were similar to the monazite sand-bearing high background radiation areas of southern and southwestern coastal tracts of India and other similar areas of the world. The major contributors to the enhanced level of radiation are monazite and zircon sands.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mohanty
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721 302, India.
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Ghiassi-Nejad M, Beitollahi MM, Asefi M, Reza-Nejad F. Exposure to (226)Ra from consumption of vegetables in the high level natural radiation area of Ramsar-Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2003; 66:215-225. [PMID: 12600755 DOI: 10.1016/s0265-931x(02)00108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The vegetable-to-soil concentration ratio (CR) for (226)Ra and the related effective dose were studied in Talesh Mahalleh, a district of the city of Ramsar in Iran with a high level of natural radiation (HLNR). Maximum and minimum CR were measured in leafy and root vegetables with average values of 1.6 x 10(-2) and 4.0 x 10(-3), respectively. The mean effective dose resulting from (226)Ra due to consumption of edible vegetables by adults in the critical group in this region was estimated to be 72.3 microSv a(-1). This value is about 12 times greater than the average of effective dose resulting from this radionuclide due to combined intake of all foods and drinking water in normal background areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghiassi-Nejad
- National Radiation Protection Department, Iranian Nuclear Regulatory Authority, PO Box: 14155-4494, Tehran, Iran.
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