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Drakou A, Sioutis S, Zafeiris I, Soucacos F, Karampikas V, Tsatsaragkou A, Mavrogenis AF, Koulalis D. Sucralfate Prevents Pin Site Infections of External Fixators in Open Tibia Fractures. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2024; 34:1-7. [PMID: 37938199 DOI: 10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2023044966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pin site infections are the main complication of external fixators. The most common pathogens are Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. The incidence of pin site infections ranges from 2% to 30%. Until now, no satisfactory prevention strategy exists. Therefore, we performed this study to assess the effect of a sucralfate gel 25% applied around the pins of external fixation systems in trauma patients with open tibia fractures. We prospectively studied two groups of patients with open tibia fractures treated with external fixators. In group A patients, pin site care was performed with the use of normal saline and plain dressings once a day. In group B patients, pin site care was performed with the use of sucralfate gel 25%. The incidence of pin site infections was 33.33% for patients of group A and 16.67% for patients of group B. Patients of group B showed significantly lower rate of pin site infections compared to patients of group A (p-value = 0.032). No patient experienced any complications related to the local application of the drug. Sucralfate significantly prevents pin site infections of external fixators in open tibia fractures. Therefore, it can be used as a preventive antimicrobial agent for pin site infections in patients with external fixators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Spyridon Sioutis
- First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zafeiris
- First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotini Soucacos
- First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Karampikas
- First Department of Orthopedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ATTIKON University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Andreas F Mavrogenis
- First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Koulalis
- First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Sato DT, Campos FG, Kotze PG, Mendonça RLS, Kanno DT, Pereira JA, Martinez CAR. Sucralfate enemas reduce the oxidative tissue damage and preserves the contents of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in colonic mucosa without fecal stream. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 36:e361007. [PMID: 34852133 PMCID: PMC8650803 DOI: 10.1590/acb361007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of sucralfate enemas in tissue contents of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in an experimental diversion colitis. METHODS Thirty-six male Wistar rats were submitted to a proximal colostomy and a distal mucous fistula. They were allocated into three groups: first group received daily saline enemas (2 mL/day) and the two other groups daily enemas with sucralfate at dosage of 1 or 2 g/kg/day, respectively. Six animals of each group were euthanized after two weeks and six animals after four weeks. The inflammation of the excluded mucosa was evaluated by histological analysis. The oxidative damage was quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde tissue levels. The expression of E-cadherin and ?-catenin was identified by immunohistochemistry, and its contents were quantified by computer-assisted image analysis. RESULTS Sucralfate enemas reduced inflammation in animals subjected to treatment with 2 g/kg/day by four weeks, and the levels of oxidative damage in mucosa without fecal stream irrespective of concentration and time of intervention. E-cadherin and ?-catenin content increased in segments without fecal stream in those animals subjected to treatment with sucralfate. CONCLUSIONS Sucralfate reduces the inflammation and oxidative stress and increases the tissue content of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in colonic mucosa devoid to the fecal stream.
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Martinez CAR, Rodrigues MR, Sato DT, da Silva CMG, Kanno DT, Mendonça RLDS, Pereira JA. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the sucralfate in diversion colitis. JOURNAL OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcol.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSucralfate enemas present good results in the treatment of colitis, however the mechanism of action of the drug is not yet fully clarified.
Objective To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of sucralfate enemas in diversion colitis model.
Method Thirty-six Wistar rats underwent intestinal bypass by end colostomy in the descending colon and distal mucous fistula. The animals were divided into 3 experimental groups according to the daily dose of enemas received containing 0.9% SF, sucralfate enemas or sucralfate enemas 1 g/kg/day or 2 g/kg/day. Each group was divided into two subgroups according to euthanasia to be performed 2–4 weeks after derivation. The tissue grade of inflammation was assessed histologically, and neutrophil infiltration by the tissue expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) identified by immunohistochemistry and quantified by computerized morphometry. Oxidative stress was measured by tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). To compare the results the Student's t test variance was used, and also the variance by ANOVA test, establishing a level of significance of 5% (p < 0.05) for both.
Results The intervention with sucralfate enemas showed improvement in the intensity of tissue inflammation related to the concentration used and the duration of the intervention. Intervention with sucralfate enemas reduced the tissue levels of MPO, independent of concentration or time of intervention (p < 0.01). There was a reduction of MDA levels in animals irrigated with sucralfate enemas, independent of concentration or duration of the intervention (p < 0.01).
Conclusion Enemas with sucralfate enemas reduce inflammation, neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress in the excluded colon suggesting topical application of the substance to be a valid therapeutic option for the treatment of diversion colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Augusto Real Martinez
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Unilversidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Medical Sciences Faculty, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Tiemi Sato
- Medicine Course, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo Toshio Kanno
- Resident Physician, Service of Coloproctology, Hospital Universitário São Francisco na Providência de Deus, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Laís dos Santos Mendonça
- Resident Physician, Service of Coloproctology, Hospital Universitário São Francisco na Providência de Deus, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - José Aires Pereira
- Medicine Course, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
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Pereira JA, Rodrigues MR, Sato DT, Júnior PPS, Dias AM, Silva CGD, Martinez CAR. Evaluation of sucralfate enema in experimental diversion colitis. JOURNAL OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcol.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDiversion colitis (DC) is an inflammatory disease that develops in segments with fecal diversion. Sucralfate (SCF) complex, which consists of sucrose octasulfate and polyaluminum hydroxide, has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of different forms of colitis. However, until now, the effects of SCF have not been evaluated in DC.
Objective to evaluate whether the use of enemas containing SFC improves histological findings in experimental DC.
Methods Thirty-six rats underwent right colon bypass procedure through the creation of a proximal colostomy and a distal mucous fistula. The animals were divided into two groups according to the euthanization procedure to be performed two to four weeks after surgery. Each experimental group was divided into three subgroups of six animals, which were submitted to daily application of enemas containing saline solution 0.9% or SCF at concentrations of 1.0 g/kg/day or 2.0 g/kg/day, respectively. The diagnosis of DC in segments with fecal diversion was established by histopathological study considering the following
variables epithelial loss, formation of crypt abscesses, the population of goblet cells, inflammatory infiltrate and presence of fibrosis. For statistical analysis, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used, with a significance level of 5% (p <0.05).
Results It was observed that the daily application of SCF enemas decreased epithelial loss, formation of colon crypt abscesses, inflammatory infiltrate and tissue fibrosis (p <0.05), unrelated to time of intervention. The intervention with SCF preserves the goblet cell population. The effects of the substance on the preservation of colonic epithelium; the decrease in the inflammatory process and subsequent abscess formation in the colon crypts are associated with the concentration used, whereas tissue fibrosis decrease is associated with the concentration and time of intervention.
Conclusion Preventive application of SCF enemas reduces the inflammatory process in the colon with fecal diversion
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Affiliation(s)
- José Aires Pereira
- School of Medicine, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Tiemi Sato
- School of Medicine, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alice Moreira Dias
- School of Medicine, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
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MENDONÇA RLS, KANNO DT, PEREIRA JA, CAMPOS FG, SILVA CMGD, FREITAS BZDP, MARTINEZ CAR. ENEMA DE SULCRALFATO PODE PREVENIR COLITE EM SEGMENTOS COLÔNICOS SEM TRÂNSITO FECAL? ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2021; 34:e1630. [PMID: 35107492 PMCID: PMC8846493 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020210002e1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO - RACIONAL: O estresse oxidativo é um dos principais mecanismos associados à ruptura dos mecanismos de defesa que formam a barreira epitelial cólica e reduz o conteúdo tecidual das proteínas claudina-3 e ocludina principais constituintes das junções de oclusão intercelulares. O sucralfato, possui atividade antioxidante e tem sido usado para tratar diferentes formas de colite. OBJETIVO: Mensurar o conteúdo tecidual de claudina-3 e ocludina da mucosa do cólon sem trânsito fecal, submetido à intervenção com sucralfato. MÉTODO: Trinta e seis ratos foram submetidos à colostomia do cólon esquerdo e fístula mucosa distal. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a eutanásia ser realizada duas ou quatro semanas após a intervenção. Cada grupo foi dividido em três subgrupos de acordo com o tipo de intervenção realizada diariamente: solução salina isolada; sucralfato a 1 g/kg/dia ou sucralfato a 2g/kg/dia. A colite foi diagnosticada por análise histológica adotando escala de validação prévia. A expressão tecidual de ambas as proteínas foi identificada por imunoistoquímica. O conteúdo das proteínas foi quantificado por análise de imagem assistida por computador. RESULTADOS: O escore inflamatório foi maior nos segmentos cólicos sem trânsito fecal e os enemas com sucralfato reduziram o escore inflamatório nesses segmentos, principalmente nos animais submetidos à intervenção com sucralfato em maior concentração e por período mais longo de intervenção. Houve aumento no conteúdo tecidual das proteínas claudina-3 e ocludina, relacionado com a concentração de sucralfato. O conteúdo tecidual de ambas as proteínas não se modificou com a duração da intervenção. CONCLUSÃO: Enemas com sucralfato reduzem a inflamação e aumentam o conteúdo tecidual de claudina-3 e ocludina na mucosa cólica sem trânsito intestinal.
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Han YM, Park JM, Choi YS, Jin H, Lee YS, Han NY, Lee H, Hahm KB. The efficacy of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells on radiation enteropathy along with proteomic biomarkers predicting a favorable response. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:105. [PMID: 28464953 PMCID: PMC5414323 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation enteropathy is a common complication in patients with abdominopelvic cancer, but no treatment has yet been established. Stem cell therapy may be a viable therapeutic option because intestinal stem cells are highly vulnerable to ionizing radiation (IR) and stem cell loss explains its intractability to general treatment. Here, we investigated either prophylactic or therapeutic efficacy of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDSCs) against radiation enteropathy and could identify biomarkers predicting a favorable response to stem cell therapy. METHODS We challenged a radiation-induced enteropathy model with hPDSCs. After sacrifice, we checked the gross anatomy of small intestine, histology gross, and analyzed that, accompanied with molecular changes implicated in this model. RESULTS hPDSCs significantly improved the outcome of mice induced with either radiation enteropathy or lethal radiation syndrome (P < 0.01). hPDSCs exerted inhibitory actions on inflammatory cytokines, the re-establishment of epithelium homeostasis was completed with increasing endogenous restorative processes as assessed with increased levels of proliferative markers in the hPDSCs group, and a significant inhibition of IR-induced apoptosis. The preservation of cells expressing lysozyme, and Musashi-1 were significantly increased in the hPDSC treatment group. Both preventive and therapeutic efficacies of hPDSCs were noted against IR-induced enteropathy. Label-free quantification was used to identify biomarkers which predict favorable responses after hPDSC treatment, and finally glutathione S-transferase-mu type, interleukin-10, and peroxiredoxin-2 were validated as proteomic biomarkers predicting a favorable response to hPDSCs in radiation enteropathy. CONCLUSIONS hPDSCs may be a useful prophylactic and therapeutic cell therapy for radiation enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Han
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-ku, Seongnam, Kyunggi-do, 463-712, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Park
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-ku, Seongnam, Kyunggi-do, 463-712, South Korea
| | - Yong Soo Choi
- Department of Applied Bioscience, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin
- Graduated School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- Graduated School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Na-Young Han
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hookeun Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-ku, Seongnam, Kyunggi-do, 463-712, South Korea. .,Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
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Melatonin protects rats from radiotherapy-induced small intestine toxicity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174474. [PMID: 28403142 PMCID: PMC5389624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity is among the most prevalent dose-limiting toxicities following radiotherapy. Prevention of radiation enteropathy requires protection of the small intestine. However, despite the prevalence and burden of this pathology, there are currently no effective treatments for radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity, and this pathology remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the changes induced in the rat small intestine after external irradiation of the tongue, and to explore the potential radio-protective effects of melatonin gel. Male Wistar rats were subjected to irradiation of their tongues with an X-Ray YXLON Y.Tu 320-D03 irradiator, receiving a dose of 7.5 Gy/day for 5 days. For 21 days post-irradiation, rats were treated with 45 mg/day melatonin gel or vehicle, by local application into their mouths. Our results showed that mitochondrial oxidative stress, bioenergetic impairment, and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation were involved in the development of radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity. Oral treatment with melatonin gel had a protective effect in the small intestine, which was associated with mitochondrial protection and, consequently, with a reduced inflammatory response, blunting the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling activation. Thus, rats treated with melatonin gel showed reduced intestinal apoptosis, relieving mucosal dysfunction and facilitating intestinal mucosa recovery. Our findings suggest that oral treatment with melatonin gel may be a potential preventive therapy for radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity in cancer patients.
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Sharma D, Goel HC, Chauhan S. Radioprotective potential of Lagenaria siceraria extract against radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1248-1254. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cucurbits (prebiotics) were investigated as novel agents for radio-modification against gastrointestinal injury. The cell-cycle fractions and DNA damage were monitored in HCT-15 cells. A cucurbit extract was added to culture medium 2 h before irradiation (6 Gy) and was substituted by fresh medium at 4 h post-irradiation. The whole extract of the fruits of Lagenaria siceraria, Luffa cylindrica, or Cucurbita pepo extract enhanced G2 fractions (42%, 34%, and 37%, respectively) as compared with control (20%) and irradiated control (31%). With cucurbits, the comet tail length remained shorter (L. siceraria, 28 μm; L. cylindrica, 34.2 μm; C. pepo, 36.75 μm) than irradiated control (41.75 μm). For in vivo studies, L. siceraria extract (2 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally to mice at 2 h before and 4 and 24 h after whole-body irradiation (10 Gy). L. siceraria treatment restored the glutathione contents to 48.8 μmol/gm as compared with control (27.6 μmol/gm) and irradiated control (19.6 μmol/gm). Irradiation reduced the villi height from 379 to 350 μm and width from 54 to 27 μm. L. siceraria administration countered the radiation effects (length, 366 μm; width, 30 μm, respectively) and improved the villi morphology and tight junction integrity. This study reveals the therapeutic potential of cucurbits against radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Sharma
- Dhara Sharma, Amity Center for Radiation Biology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida-201303, U.P., India
- Dhara Sharma, Amity Center for Radiation Biology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida-201303, U.P., India
| | - Harish Chandra Goel
- Dhara Sharma, Amity Center for Radiation Biology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida-201303, U.P., India
- Dhara Sharma, Amity Center for Radiation Biology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida-201303, U.P., India
| | - Sonal Chauhan
- Dhara Sharma, Amity Center for Radiation Biology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida-201303, U.P., India
- Dhara Sharma, Amity Center for Radiation Biology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida-201303, U.P., India
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Lim S, Ko EJ, Kang YJ, Baek KW, Ock MS, Song KS, Kang HJ, Keum YS, Hyun JW, Kwon TK, Nam SY, Cha HJ, Choi YH. Effect of irradiation on cytokine secretion and nitric oxide production by inflammatory macrophages. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bonassa CEG, Pereira JA, Campos FGCMD, Rodrigues MR, Sato DT, Chaim FDM, Martinez CAR. Tissue content of sulfomucins and sialomucins in the colonic mucosa, without fecal stream, undergoing daily intervention with sucralfate. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 30:328-38. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150050000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Khayyal MT, Abdel-Naby DH, Abdel-Aziz H, El-Ghazaly MA. A multi-component herbal preparation, STW 5, shows anti-apoptotic effects in radiation induced intestinal mucositis in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1390-1399. [PMID: 25022208 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intestinal mucositis is a common adverse effect in patients undergoing radiotherapy and constitutes a treatment-limiting condition. Since no agents are yet known that can adequately guard against its development, the search continues to find safe and effective measures. The present study was intended to investigate whether the herbal preparation, STW 5, could offer a potentially effective agent in this respect. METHODS Intestinal mucositis was induced in rats by exposing them to whole body gamma-irradiation (6 Gy). Rats were treated orally with STW 5 (5 or 10 ml/kg) for five days before and two days after irradiation. One day later, rats were sacrificed and segments of small intestine were examined histologically. Intestinal homogenates and serum samples were used to assess relevant parameters for apoptosis and different markers for inflammation and oxidative stress. RESULTS Exposure to radiation produced dose-dependent extents of intestinal injury associated with apoptotic changes with high radiation levels. Apoptosis was associated with an increase in cytosolic calcium, depletion of mitochondrial cytochrome c, B-cell lymphoma-2 and complex I. Oxidative stress parameters (reduced glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and total nitrate/nitrite) were deranged. Inflammation markers (tumor necrosis factor and myeloperoxidase) and indices of intestinal damage (serum diamine oxidase) were increased. STW 5 protected to a large extent against histological changes and counteracted the deranged parameters. CONCLUSION The findings provide experimental evidence for the potential beneficial use of STW5 in protecting against the development of radiation-induced intestinal mucositis and associated changes in tissue biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T Khayyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Doaa H Abdel-Naby
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdel-Aziz
- Scientific Department, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mona A El-Ghazaly
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
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Chaim FM, Sato DT, Rodrigues MR, Dias AM, Silveira Júnior PP, Pereira JA, Martinez CAR. Evaluation of the application of enemas containing sucralfate in tissue content of neutral and acid mucins in experimental model of diversion colitis. Acta Cir Bras 2014; 29:544-52. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8650201400150001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Goo MJ, Park JK, Hong IH, Kim AY, Lee EM, Lee EJ, Hwang M, Jeong KS. Increased susceptibility of radiation-induced intestinal apoptosis in SMP30 KO mice. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11084-95. [PMID: 23708106 PMCID: PMC3709720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) knockout (KO) mice have been reported to be susceptible to apoptosis, however, the role of SMP30 has not been characterized in the small intestine. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of SMP30 in the process of spontaneous and γ-radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse small intestine. Eight-week-old male wild-type (WT) mice and SMP30 KO mice were examined after exposure to 0, 1, 3, 5, and 9 Gy of γ-radiation. Apoptosis in the crypts of the small intestine increased in the 0 to 5 Gy radiated SMP30 KO and WT mice. Radiation-induced apoptosis and the BAX/Bcl-2 ratio in the SMP30 KO mice were significantly increased in comparison to each identically treated group of WT mice (p < 0.05). The levels of spontaneous apoptosis in both WT and KO mice were similar (p > 0.05), indicating that increased apoptosis of crypt cells of SMP30 KO by irradiation can be associated with SMP30 depletion. These results suggested that SMP30 might be involved in overriding the apoptotic homeostatic mechanism in response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Jung Goo
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.-J.G.); (J.-K.P.); (I.-H.H.); (A.-Y.K.); (E.-M.L.); (E.-J.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.-J.G.); (J.-K.P.); (I.-H.H.); (A.-Y.K.); (E.-M.L.); (E.-J.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Il-Hwa Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.-J.G.); (J.-K.P.); (I.-H.H.); (A.-Y.K.); (E.-M.L.); (E.-J.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Ah-Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.-J.G.); (J.-K.P.); (I.-H.H.); (A.-Y.K.); (E.-M.L.); (E.-J.L.); (M.H.)
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.-J.G.); (J.-K.P.); (I.-H.H.); (A.-Y.K.); (E.-M.L.); (E.-J.L.); (M.H.)
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.-J.G.); (J.-K.P.); (I.-H.H.); (A.-Y.K.); (E.-M.L.); (E.-J.L.); (M.H.)
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Meeyul Hwang
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.-J.G.); (J.-K.P.); (I.-H.H.); (A.-Y.K.); (E.-M.L.); (E.-J.L.); (M.H.)
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.-J.G.); (J.-K.P.); (I.-H.H.); (A.-Y.K.); (E.-M.L.); (E.-J.L.); (M.H.)
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-5975; Fax: +82-53-950-5955
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14
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Lee W, Ahn G, Lee BJ, Wijesinghe WAJP, Kim D, Yang H, Kim YM, Park SJ, Jee Y, Jeon YJ. Radio-protective effect of polysaccharides isolated from Lactobacillus brevis-fermented Ecklonia cava. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 52:260-6. [PMID: 23068138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the radioprotective effects of a polysaccharide isolated from enzymatic extracts of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) fermented by fungi and bacteria. We identified that the aqueous extract of the Lactobacillus brevis-fermented E. cava especially showed the highest proliferation effect. In addition, the enzymatic extract prepared by enzyme-assisted extraction using Viscozyme (VLFE) significantly increased cell proliferation. Further study indicated that the polysaccharides isolated from the >30 kDa fraction of VLFE (VLFEP) significantly enhanced survival and proliferation effects in γ-ray-irradiated cells. Also, VLFEP markedly reduced the DNA damage, production of reactive oxygen species, and the percentage of Sub-G(1) DNA contents caused by γ-ray-irradiation. Moreover, VLFEP modulated the expression levels of p53, Bax, and Bcl-2 via inhibition of IκBα degradation and phosphorylation and NFκB p65 translocation into nuclei. These results demonstrate that VLFEP has radioprotective properties including the modulation of apoptosis via the inhibition of the NFκB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- WonWoo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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15
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Spyropoulos BG, Misiakos EP, Fotiadis C, Stoidis CN. Antioxidant properties of probiotics and their protective effects in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced enteritis and colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:285-94. [PMID: 20632107 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy has become one of the most important treatment modalities for human malignancy, but certain immediate and delayed side-effects on the normal surrounding tissues limit the amount of effective radiation that can be administered. After exposure of the abdominal region to ionizing radiation, nearly all patients experience transient symptoms of irradiation of the bowel. Acute-phase symptoms may persist for a short time, yet long-term complications can represent significant clinical conditions with high morbidity. Data from both experimental studies and clinical trials suggest the potential benefit for probiotics in radiation-induced enteritis and colitis. On the other hand, it is well evidenced that both useful and harmful effects of therapeutic applications of ionizing radiation upon living systems are ascribed to free-radical production. Therefore, the hypothesis that probiotics reinforce antioxidant defense systems of normal mucosal cells exposed to ionizing radiation may explain to an extent their beneficial action. The aim of this review is threefold: First, to make a short brief into the natural history of radiation injury to the intestinal tract. Second, to describe the primary interaction of ionizing radiation at the cellular level and demonstrate the participation of free radicals in the mechanisms of injury and, third, to try a more profound investigation into the antioxidant abilities of probiotics and prebiotics based on the available experimental and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basileios G Spyropoulos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, University of Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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16
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Park E, Hwang I, Song JY, Jee Y. Acidic polysaccharide of Panax ginseng as a defense against small intestinal damage by whole-body gamma irradiation of mice. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:19-23. [PMID: 19767060 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An acidic polysaccharide of Panax ginseng (APG), ginsan, has been reported to protect the hematopoietic system by increasing the number of bone marrow cells and spleen cells. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of APG to protect mice from radiation-induced damage of the small intestine. APG treatment caused the lengthening of villi and a numerical increase of crypt cells in the small intestine at 3.5 days after 7Gy irradiation compared to irradiated, non-treated controls. In addition, APG significantly inhibited irradiation-induced apoptosis by decreasing the amount of pro-apoptotic p53 and Bax as well as augmenting that of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 at 24h after irradiation. These results indicate that APG might be a useful adjunct to therapeutic irradiation as a protective agent for the gastrointestinal tract of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Park
- Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Cheju National University, Jeju, South Korea
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17
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Matsuu-Matsuyama M, Nakashima M, Shichijo K, Okaichi K, Nakayama T, Sekine I. Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Suppresses Radiation-Induced Apoptosis and TP53 Pathway in Rat Small Intestine. Radiat Res 2010; 174:52-61. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1802.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Bing SJ, Kim MJ, Park E, Ahn G, Kim DS, Ko RK, Lee NH, Shin T, Park JW, Jee Y. 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-.BETA.-D-glucose Protects Splenocytes against Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in Murine Splenocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1122-7. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Jin Bing
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Jeju National University
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Jeju National University
| | - Eunjin Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Jeju National University
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Faculty of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University
| | - Dae Seung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Jeju National University
| | - Ryeo Kyeong Ko
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jeju National University
| | - Nam Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jeju National University
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Jeju National University
| | - Jae Woo Park
- Department of Nuclear and Energy Engineering, Jeju National University
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Jeju National University
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Yamamoto T, Kinoshita M, Shinomiya N, Hiroi S, Sugasawa H, Matsushita Y, Majima T, Saitoh D, Seki S. Pretreatment with ascorbic acid prevents lethal gastrointestinal syndrome in mice receiving a massive amount of radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2009; 51:145-156. [PMID: 19959877 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.09078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
While bone marrow or stem cell transplantation can rescue bone marrow aplasia in patients accidentally exposed to a lethal radiation dose, radiation-induced irreversible gastrointestinal damage (GI syndrome) is fatal. We investigated the effects of ascorbic acid on radiation-induced GI syndrome in mice. Ascorbic acid (150 mg/kg/day) was orally administered to mice for 3 days, and then the mice underwent whole body irradiation (WBI). Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) 24 h after irradiation rescued mice receiving a WBI dose of less than 12 Gy. No mice receiving 14 Gy-WBI survived, because of radiation-induced GI syndrome, even if they received BMT. However, pretreatment with ascorbic acid significantly suppressed radiation-induced DNA damage in the crypt cells and prevented denudation of intestinal mucosa; therefore, ascorbic acid in combination with BMT rescued mice after 14 Gy-WBI. DNA microarray analysis demonstrated that irradiation up-regulated expressions of apoptosis-related genes in the small intestine, including those related to the caspase-9-mediated intrinsic pathway as well as the caspase-8-mediated extrinsic pathway, and down-regulated expressions of these genes in ascorbic acid-pretreated mice. Thus, pretreatment with ascorbic acid may effectively prevent radiation-induced GI syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Abstract
Radiation colitis, an insidious, progressive disease of increasing frequency, develops 6 mo to 5 years after regional radiotherapy for malignancy, owing to the deleterious effects of the latter on the colon and the small intestine. When dealing with radiation colitis and its complications, the most conservative modality should be employed because the areas of intestinal injury do not tend to heal. Acute radiation colitis is mostly self-limited, and usually, only supportive management is required. Chronic radiation colitis, a poorly predictable progressive disease, is considered as a precancerous lesion; radiation-associated malignancy has a tendency to be diagnosed at an advanced stage and to bear a dismal prognosis. Therefore, management of chronic radiation colitis remains a major challenge owing to the progressive evolution of the disease, including development of fibrosis, endarteritis, edema, fragility, perforation, partial obstruction, and cancer. Patients are commonly managed conservatively. Surgical intervention is difficult to perform because of the extension of fibrosis and alterations in the gut and mesentery, and should be reserved for intestinal obstruction, perforation, fistulas, and severe bleeding. Owing to the difficulty in managing the complications of acute and chronic radiation colitis, particular attention should be focused onto the prevention strategies. Uncovering the fibrosis mechanisms and the molecular events underlying radiation bowel disease could lead to the introduction of new therapeutic and/or preventive approaches. A variety of novel, mostly experimental, agents have been used mainly as a prophylaxis, and improvements have been made in radiotherapy delivery, including techniques to reduce the amount of exposed intestine in the radiation field, as a critical strategy for prevention.
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Matsuu-Matsuyama M, Shichijo K, Okaichi K, Nakayama T, Nakashima M, Uemura T, Niino D, Sekine I. Protection by polaprezinc against radiation-induced apoptosis in rat jejunal crypt cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2008; 49:341-347. [PMID: 18413982 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.07114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polaprezinc, an anti-ulcer drug, is a chelate compound consisting of zinc and L-carnosine. Polaprezinc has been shown to prevent gastric mucosal injury. The anti ulcer effects of polaprezinc have been ascribed to its antioxidative property. The effect of polaprezinc on ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis was studied in the jejunal epithelial crypt cells of rats. Seven-to eight week-old Wistar rats, which were treated with 100 mg/kg of polaprezinc orally 1h before irradiation or 2% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium in controls, were exposed to whole body X-ray irradiation at 2 Gy. The number of apoptotic cells per jejunum crypt was counted in haematoxylin and eosin stained sections at 0-6 h after irradiation. TUNEL positive cells and immunopositive cells for active caspase-3 per crypt were also counted. Accumulation of p53, p21(WAF1/CIP1) and Bax expression in the jejunum after irradiation were examined by Western blot analyses. Polaprezinc treatment given prior to radiation resulted in a significant reduction in numbers of apoptotic cells, TUNEL positive cells and active caspase-3 immunopositive cells in jejunal crypt cells. Polaprezinc treatment resulted in decreases of p53 accumulation, p21(WAF1/CIP1) and Bax expression after irradiation. Polaprezinc has a protective effect against ionizing radiation induced apoptosis in rat jejunal crypt cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Matsuu-Matsuyama
- Division of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoro, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Liu Y, Kudo K, Abe Y, Aoki M, Hu DL, Kijima H, Nakane A. Hypoxia expression in radiation-induced late rectal injury. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2008; 49:261-268. [PMID: 18296870 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.07099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia and angiogenesis have been studied extensively. However, the relation between normal tissue injury and hypoxia is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of hypoxia on radiation-induced late rectal injury in mice. The rectum of C57BL/6N mice was irradiated locally with a single dose of 25 Gy and the following experiments were performed including hematoxylin-eosin (H. E.) staining, azan staining, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescene. Radiation-induced fibrotic changes were observed from 14 days and reached the peak 30 days after irradiation. The expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial cell marker CD31 increased significantly with the formation of fibrosis induced by irradiation compared with unirradiated control. In addition, the maximum expression of TGF-beta1, HIF-1alpha and VEGF was found at 14, 30 and 90 days after irradiation, respectively. The temporal changes of cytokines were consistent with the dynamic change of fibrosis. Our data suggests that late normal tissue injury involved various cytokines including hypoxia-induced angiogenic cytokines. These results may have important implications in the understanding of radiation-induced late normal tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Uemura T, Nakayama T, Kusaba T, Yakata Y, Yamazumi K, Matsuu-Matsuyama M, Shichijo K, Sekine I. The protective effect of interleukin-11 on the cell death induced by X-ray irradiation in cultured intestinal epithelial cell. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2007; 48:171-7. [PMID: 17380044 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.06047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a well known anti-inflammatory cytokine that is associated with cell growth, and also participates in limiting X-ray irradiation induced intestinal mucosal injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of IL-11 on the cell injury induced by X-ray irradiation in rat intestinal epithelial IEC-18 cells. Recombinant human IL-11 (rhIL-11) treated cells were irradiated and then examined for cell viability. To evaluate irradiation injury, trypan blue staining was used to detect the dead cells. The viability of irradiated cells was up-regulated by rhIL-11 treatment and also resulted in the activation of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK) and S6 ribosomal protein (S6Rp). Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, suppressed the activation of S6Rp in rhIL-11 treated cells, and decreased the up-regulation of viability by rhIL-11 treatment in irradiated cells. The TUNEL assay was also perfomed to estimate the rate of apoptosis in X-ray induced cell death. There was no difference in the results between trypan blue staining and the TUNEL assay. Further, rhIL-11 down-regulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in irradiated cells. These results suggest that rhIL-11 may play an important role in protection from radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Uemura
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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