1
|
García-Sánchez M, Jiménez-Pelayo L, Horcajo P, Collantes-Fernández E, Ortega-Mora LM, Regidor-Cerrillo J. Neospora caninum infection induces an isolate virulence-dependent pro-inflammatory gene expression profile in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:374. [PMID: 32711550 PMCID: PMC7382829 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular parasite, and its ability to survive inside host immune cells may be a key mechanism for the establishment of infection in cattle. In vitro studies carried out by our group have shown that N. caninum is able to replicate in bovine macrophages (MØs), alter their microbicidal mechanisms and exploit their motility. Furthermore, host-cell control seems to be isolate virulence-dependent. Methods To investigate the molecular basis underlying the innate responses in MØs against N. caninum and the mechanisms of parasite manipulation of the host cell environment, the transcriptome profile of bovine monocyte-derived MØs infected with high-virulence (Nc-Spain7) or low-virulence (Nc-Spain1H) N. caninum isolates was studied. Results Functional enrichment revealed upregulation of genes involved in chemokine signalling, inflammation, cell survival, and inhibition of genes related with metabolism and phagolysosome formation. MØs activation was characterized by the induction of a predominantly M1 phenotype with expression of TLR2, TLR3 and TLR9 and activation of the NF-ƙB signalling pathway. Heat-killed N. caninum tachyzoites failed to activate NF-ƙB, and to inhibit lysosomal activity and apoptosis, which indicates active modulation by the parasite. The FoxO signalling pathway, Th1-Th2 differentiation, glycosaminoglycan degradation and apoptosis were pathways enriched only for low virulent Nc-Spain1H infection. In addition, Nc-Spain1H infection upregulated the IL12A and IL8 pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas IL23 was downregulated by high virulent Nc-Spain7. Conclusions This study revealed mechanisms implicated in the recognition of N. caninum by bovine MØs and in the development of the subsequent immune response. NF-ƙB seems to be the main signalling pathway implicated in the pro-inflammatory bovine MØs response against this pathogen. Apoptosis and phagolysosome maturation are processes repressed by N. caninum infection, which may guarantee its intracellular survival. The results also indicate that Nc-Spain7 may be able to partially circumvent the pro-inflammatory response whereas Nc-Spain1H induces a protective response to infection, which may explain the more efficient transmission of the high-virulence Nc-Spain7 isolate observed in vivo.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta García-Sánchez
- Saluvet, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez-Pelayo
- Saluvet, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Horcajo
- Saluvet, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Collantes-Fernández
- Saluvet, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- Saluvet, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Regidor-Cerrillo
- Saluvet, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Saluvet-Innova, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Agrawal I, Jha S. Comprehensive review of ASC structure and function in immune homeostasis and disease. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3077-3096. [PMID: 32124174 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis associated speck like protein containing CARD (ASC) is widely researched and recognized as an adaptor protein participating in inflammasome assembly and pyroptosis. It contains a bipartite structure comprising of a pyrin and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) domain. These two domains help ASC function as an adaptor molecule. ASC is encoded by the gene PYCARD. ASC plays pivotal role in various diseases as well as different homeostatic processes. ASC plays a regulatory role in different cancers showing differential regulation with respect to tissue and stage of disease. Besides cancer, ASC also plays a central role in sensing, regulation, and/or disease progression in bacterial infections, viral infections and in varied inflammatory diseases. ASC is expressed in different types of immune and non-immune cells. Its localization pattern also varies with different kinds of stimuli encountered by cell. This review will summarize the literature on the structure cellular and tissue expression, localization and disease association of ASC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Agrawal
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwad, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Sushmita Jha
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwad, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng Z, Lemon SM. Innate Immunity to Enteric Hepatitis Viruses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a033464. [PMID: 29686040 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are both positive-strand RNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, there are important differences in the ways they induce and counteract host innate immune responses. HAV is remarkably stealthy because of its ability to evade and disrupt innate signaling pathways that lead to interferon production. In contrast, HEV does not block interferon production. Instead, it persists in the presence of an interferon response. These differences may provide insight into HEV persistence in immunocompromised patients, an emerging health problem in developed countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongdi Feng
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43205
| | - Stanley M Lemon
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao X, Xue YJ, Du JL, Xu Q, Yang XC, Zeng Y, Wang BB, Wang HZ, Liu J, Cai KZ, Ma ZR. Induction and Suppression of Innate Antiviral Responses by Hepatitis A Virus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1865. [PMID: 30174659 PMCID: PMC6107850 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) belongs to the family Picornaviridae. It is the pathogen of acute viral hepatitis caused by fecal-oral transmission. RNA viruses are sensed by pathogen-associated pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). PRR activation leads to production of type 1 interferon (IFN-α/β), serving as the first line of defense against viruses. However, HAV has developed various strategies to compromise the innate immune system and promote viral propagation within the host cells. The long coevolution of HAV in hosts has prompted the development of effective immune antagonism strategies that actively fight against host antiviral responses. Proteases encoded by HAV can cleave the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS, also known as IPS-1, VISA, or Cardif), TIR domain- containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF, also known as TICAM-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) essential modulator (NEMO), which are key adaptor proteins in RIG-I-like receptor (RLR), TLR3 and NF-κB signaling, respectively. In this mini-review, we summarize all the recent progress on the interaction between HAV and the host, especially focusing on how HAV abrogates the antiviral effects of the innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu-jia Xue
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiang-long Du
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue-cai Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo-bo Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hai-zhen Wang
- Hebi Precision Medical Research Institute, People's Hospital of Hebi, Hebi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medical OncologyPeople's Hospital of Hebi, Hebi, China
| | - Kui-zheng Cai
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhong-ren Ma
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gharagozloo M, Gris KV, Mahvelati T, Amrani A, Lukens JR, Gris D. NLR-Dependent Regulation of Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 8:2012. [PMID: 29403486 PMCID: PMC5778124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) associated with inappropriate activation of lymphocytes, hyperinflammatory responses, demyelination, and neuronal damage. In the past decade, a number of biological immunomodulators have been developed that suppress the peripheral immune responses and slow down the progression of the disease. However, once the inflammation of the CNS has commenced, it can cause serious permanent neuronal damage. Therefore, there is a need for developing novel therapeutic approaches that control and regulate inflammatory responses within the CNS. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular regulators of inflammation expressed by many cell types within the CNS. They redirect multiple signaling pathways initiated by pathogens and molecules released by injured tissues. NLR family members include positive regulators of inflammation, such as NLRP3 and NLRC4 and anti-inflammatory NLRs, such as NLRX1 and NLRP12. They exert immunomodulatory effect at the level of peripheral immune responses, including antigen recognition and lymphocyte activation and differentiation. Also, NLRs regulate tissue inflammatory responses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that are placed at the crossroad of innate and adaptive immune responses, such as NLR-dependent pathways, could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide a summary of the role of NLRs in the pathogenesis of MS. We also summarize how anti-inflammatory NLRs regulate the immune response within the CNS. Finally, we speculate the therapeutic potential of targeting NLRs in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Gharagozloo
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Katsiaryna V. Gris
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Tara Mahvelati
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Abdelaziz Amrani
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - John R. Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Denis Gris
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Webster GA, Sim DA, La Flamme AC, Mayo NE. Evaluation of neurological changes in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients treated with immune modulator MIS416: results from a feasibility study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2017; 3:60. [PMID: 29177070 PMCID: PMC5689160 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-017-0201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While disease progression can be readily monitored in early stage relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), it is more challenging for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). This advanced stage of disease has distinct pathophysiology due to compartmentalization of neuroinflammatory activity within the central nervous system, resulting in increased incidence and severity of cognitive dysfunction. The shift in the dominant disease pathways is underscored by the failure of relapsing therapies to benefit SPMS patients, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies and clinical trial endpoints that are well-aligned with potential benefits. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is widely used but is weighted towards ambulatory ability, lacking sensitivity to other aspects of neurological impairment experienced in more severely disabled SPMS patients, so may not effectively capture their clinical status.To investigate the feasibility of an alternative clinical trial endpoint model for a phase 2B trial of an immune modulator for SPMS, the potential for treatment efficacy-based patient-centered outcomes was assessed within the context of a before and after, 12-week clinical trial of safety and tolerability. METHODS Patients treated with MIS416 for 12 weeks were evaluated for clinical status at baseline and end of dosing, using the established Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite, Short Form Health Survey, and Expanded Disability Status Scale. Responder status was determined for eight outcome measures based on minimally important change, defined using published studies. To evaluate the patients' immune response to MIS416, blood plasma samples collected at baseline and pre- and 24-h post doses 1-4 were analyzed using multiplex cytokine quantification assays. RESULTS Using a combination of patient-centered outcomes, MIS416 treatment was associated with improved clinical status for 10/11 patients: eight patients showed improvement on two to five outcome measures, five of which also showed improvement by EDSS. Multi-dimensional scaling analysis of MIS416-induced factors quantified in individual patients, revealed immune response patterns which had a strong concordance with the extent of the patients' clinical response. CONCLUSIONS The data support the feasibility of using patient-centered outcomes as additional clinical trial endpoints, for determining the efficacy of disease-modifying therapies, in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT01191996.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wright F, Hammer M, Paul SM, Aouizerat BE, Kober KM, Conley YP, Cooper BA, Dunn LB, Levine JD, DEramo Melkus G, Miaskowski C. Inflammatory pathway genes associated with inter-individual variability in the trajectories of morning and evening fatigue in patients receiving chemotherapy. Cytokine 2017; 91:187-210. [PMID: 28110208 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue, a highly prevalent and distressing symptom during chemotherapy (CTX), demonstrates diurnal and interindividual variability in severity. Little is known about the associations between variations in genes involved in inflammatory processes and morning and evening fatigue severity during CTX. The purposes of this study, in a sample of oncology patients (N=543) with breast, gastrointestinal (GI), gynecological (GYN), or lung cancer who received two cycles of CTX, were to determine whether variations in genes involved in inflammatory processes were associated with inter-individual variability in initial levels as well as in the trajectories of morning and evening fatigue. Patients completed the Lee Fatigue Scale to determine morning and evening fatigue severity a total of six times over two cycles of CTX. Using a whole exome array, 309 single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs among the 64 candidate genes that passed all quality control filters were evaluated using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). Based on the results of the HLM analyses, the final SNPs were evaluated for their potential impact on protein function using two bioinformational tools. The following inflammatory pathways were represented: chemokines (3 genes); cytokines (12 genes); inflammasome (11 genes); Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT, 10 genes); mitogen-activated protein kinase/jun amino-terminal kinases (MAPK/JNK, 3 genes); nuclear factor-kappa beta (NFkB, 18 genes); and NFkB and MAP/JNK (7 genes). After controlling for self-reported and genomic estimates of race and ethnicity, polymorphisms in six genes from the cytokine (2 genes); inflammasome (2 genes); and NFkB (2 genes) pathways were associated with both morning and evening fatigue. Polymorphisms in six genes from the inflammasome (1 gene); JAK/STAT (1 gene); and NFkB (4 genes) pathways were associated with only morning fatigue. Polymorphisms in three genes from the inflammasome (2 genes) and the NFkB (1 gene) pathways were associated with only evening fatigue. Taken together, these findings add to the growing body of evidence that suggests that morning and evening fatigue are distinct symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fay Wright
- Yale School of Nursing, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marilyn Hammer
- Department of Nursing, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven M Paul
- Department of Physiologic Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bradley E Aouizerat
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kord M Kober
- Department of Physiologic Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvette P Conley
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruce A Cooper
- Department of Physiologic Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura B Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jon D Levine
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gail DEramo Melkus
- Florence S. Downs PhD Program in Nursing Research and Theory Development, College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- Department of Physiologic Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu P, Hontecillas R, Abedi V, Kale S, Leber A, Heltzel C, Langowski M, Godfrey V, Philipson C, Tubau-Juni N, Carbo A, Girardin S, Uren A, Bassaganya-Riera J. Modeling-Enabled Characterization of Novel NLRX1 Ligands. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145420. [PMID: 26714018 PMCID: PMC4694766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family are intracellular sentinels of cytosolic homeostasis that orchestrate immune and inflammatory responses in infectious and immune-mediated diseases. NLRX1 is a mitochondrial-associated NOD-like receptor involved in the modulation of immune and metabolic responses. This study utilizes molecular docking approaches to investigate the structure of NLRX1 and experimentally assesses binding to naturally occurring compounds from several natural product and lipid databases. Screening of compound libraries predicts targeting of NLRX1 by conjugated trienes, polyketides, prenol lipids, sterol lipids, and coenzyme A-containing fatty acids for activating the NLRX1 pathway. The ligands of NLRX1 were identified by docking punicic acid (PUA), eleostearic acid (ESA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to the C-terminal fragment of the human NLRX1 (cNLRX1). Their binding and that of positive control RNA to cNLRX1 were experimentally determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. In addition, the ligand binding sites of cNLRX1 were predicted in silico and validated experimentally. Target mutagenesis studies demonstrate that mutation of 4 critical residues ASP677, PHE680, PHE681, and GLU684 to alanine resulted in diminished affinity of PUA, ESA, and DHA to NLRX1. Consistent with the regulatory actions of NLRX1 on the NF-κB pathway, treatment of bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM)s with PUA and DHA suppressed NF-κB activity in a NLRX1 dependent mechanism. In addition, a series of pre-clinical efficacy studies were performed using a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Our findings showed that the regulatory function of PUA on colitis is NLRX1 dependent. Thus, we identified novel small molecules that bind to NLRX1 and exert anti-inflammatory actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinyi Lu
- The Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory (www.nimml.org), Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- The Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory (www.nimml.org), Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Vida Abedi
- The Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory (www.nimml.org), Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Shiv Kale
- The Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory (www.nimml.org), Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Andrew Leber
- The Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory (www.nimml.org), Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Chase Heltzel
- The Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory (www.nimml.org), Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Mark Langowski
- The Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory (www.nimml.org), Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Victoria Godfrey
- The Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory (www.nimml.org), Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Casandra Philipson
- BioTherapeutics, 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 200, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24060, United States of America
| | - Nuria Tubau-Juni
- The Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory (www.nimml.org), Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Adria Carbo
- BioTherapeutics, 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 200, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24060, United States of America
| | - Stephen Girardin
- Laboratory of Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aykut Uren
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, 20057, United States of America
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- The Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory (www.nimml.org), Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|