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Shanbhag AP. Stairway to Stereoisomers: Engineering Short- and Medium-Chain Ketoreductases To Produce Chiral Alcohols. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200687. [PMID: 36640298 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The short- and medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamilies are responsible for most chiral alcohol production in laboratories and industries. In nature, they participate in diverse roles such as detoxification, housekeeping, secondary metabolite production, and catalysis of several chemicals with commercial and environmental significance. As a result, they are used in industries to create biopolymers, active pharmaceutical intermediates (APIs), and are also used as components of modular enzymes like polyketide synthases for fabricating bioactive molecules. Consequently, random, semi-rational and rational engineering have helped transform these enzymes into product-oriented efficient catalysts. The rise of newer synthetic chemicals and their enantiopure counterparts has proved challenging, and engineering them has been the subject of numerous studies. However, they are frequently limited to the synthesis of a single chiral alcohol. The study attempts to defragment and describe hotspots of engineering short- and medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases for the production of chiral synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh P Shanbhag
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India.,Bugworks Research India Pvt. Ltd., C-CAMP, National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS-TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560003, India
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Wang N, Xu Y, Peng C, Wang X, Wei Y, Li K, Wang S, Xu A, Gao J. Identification of a newly isolated Rhodotorula mucilaginosa NQ1 and its development for the synthesis of bulky carbonyl compounds by whole-cell bioreduction. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:399-407. [PMID: 33217003 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A strain NQ1, which showed efficient asymmetric reduction of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) acetophenone (BTAP) to enantiopure (S)-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol ((S)-BTPE), which is the key intermediate for the synthesis of a receptor antagonist and antidepressant, was isolated from a soil sample. Based on its morphological and internal transcribed spacer sequence, the strain NQ1 was identified to be Rhodotorula mucilaginosa NQ1. Some key reaction parameters involved in the bioreduction catalyzed by whole cells of R. mucilaginosa NQ1 were subsequently optimized, and the optimized conditions for the synthesis of (S)-BTPE were determined to be as follows: 5·0 ml phosphate buffer (200 mmol l-1 , pH 7·0), 80 mmol l-1 of BTAP, 250 g (wet weight) l-1 of resting cell, 35 g l-1 of glucose and a reaction for 18 h at 30°C and 180 rev min-1 . The strain NQ1 exhibited a best yield of 99% and an excellent enantiomeric excess of 99% for the preparation of (S)-BTPE under the above optimal conditions, and could also asymmetrically reduce a variety of bulky prochiral carbonyl compounds to their corresponding optical hydroxyl compound with excellent enantioselectivity. These results indicated that R. mucilaginosa NQ1 had a good capacity to reduce BTAP to its corresponding (S)-BTPE, and might be a new potential biocatalyst for the production of valuable chiral hydroxyl compounds in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Xu
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - C Peng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - X Wang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wei
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - K Li
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - S Wang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - A Xu
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - J Gao
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
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Wang N, Luo Z, Li K, Xu Y, Peng C. Identification of a newly isolated Sphingomonas sp. LZ1 and its application to biosynthesize chiral alcohols. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2020; 66:289-296. [PMID: 32741888 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A strain LZ1, which showed efficient asymmetric reduction of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) acetophenone to enantiopure (S)-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol, which is the key intermediate for the synthesis of a receptor antagonist and antidepressant, was isolated from a soil sample. Based on its morphological, 16S rDNA sequence, and phylogenetic analysis, the strain LZ1 was identified to be Sphingomonas sp. LZ1. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of the species Sphingomonas exhibiting stricter S-enantioselectivity and its use for the asymmetric reduction of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) acetophenone. Some key reaction parameters involved in the bioreduction catalyzed by whole cells of Sphingomonas sp. LZ1 were subsequently optimized, and the optimized conditions for the synthesis of (S)-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol were determined to be as follows: phosphate buffer pH 7.5, 70 mM of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) acetophenone, 30 g/L of glucose as a co-substrate, 300 g (wet weight)/L of resting cell as the biocatalyst, and a reaction for 24 h at 30°C and 180 rpm. Under the above conditions, a best yield of 94% and an excellent enantiomeric excess of 99.6% were obtained, respectively. Sphingomonas sp. LZ1 could also asymmetrically reduce a variety of prochiral ketones to their corresponding optical alcohols with excellent enantioselectivity. These results indicated that Sphingomonas sp. LZ1 had a remarkable capacity to reduce 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)acetophenone to its corresponding (S)-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanol, and might be a new potential biocatalyst for the production of valuable chiral alcohols in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengqiang Wang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization
| | - Zhen Luo
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology
| | - Kaiqin Li
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology
| | - Yingcui Xu
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology
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Is literature data useful for identifying enzyme catalysts for new substrates? A case study on reduction of 1-aryl-2-alkanoates. Bioorg Chem 2017; 74:260-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wang D, Yang Z, Zhang J, Han Y, Hao J, He L. The Asymmetric Reduction of Acetophenone and Its Derivatives to (S)-Aromatic Secondary Alcohols by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CCTCC M2014255 Resting Cells. Catal Letters 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-016-1730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Li A, Ye L, Wu H, Yang X, Yu H. Characterization of an excellent anti-Prelog short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase EbSDR8 from Empedobacter brevis ZJUY-1401. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu X, Chen R, Yang Z, Wang J, Lin J, Wei D. Characterization of a putative stereoselective oxidoreductase from Gluconobacter oxydans and its application in producing ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate ester. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:285-95. [PMID: 24113812 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-013-9707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding an NADH-dependent short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (gox2036) from Gluconobacter oxydans 621H was cloned and heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli. The protein (Gox2036) was purified to homogeneity and biochemically characterized. Gox2036 was a homotetramer with a subunit size of approximately 28 kDa. Gox2036 had a strict requirement for NAD⁺/NADH as the cofactor. Gox2036 displayed preference for oxidation of secondary alcohols and 2,3-diols as well as for reduction of α-diketones, hydroxy ketones, α-ketoesters, and β-ketoesters. However, Gox2036 was poorly active on 1,2-diols and acetoin and showed no activity on primary alcohols, polyols, and aldehydes. The optimum pH values for the oxidation and reduction reactions were 9 and 6, respectively. Gox2036 was highly selective in the reduction of various β-ketones and β-ketoesters. Among the substrates tested, ethyl 4-chloro acetoacetate was reduced to ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate ester with an excellent conversion yield of 96.9 % and optical purity of >99 % e.e. using an efficient in situ NADH-recycling system involving glucose and a glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis (BsGDH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 311#, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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Chen XH, Wei P, Wang XT, Zong MH, Lou WY. A novel carbonyl reductase with anti-Prelog stereospecificity from Acetobacter sp. CCTCC M209061: purification and characterization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94543. [PMID: 24740089 PMCID: PMC3989197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel carbonyl reductase (AcCR) catalyzing the asymmetric reduction of ketones to enantiopure alcohols with anti-Prelog stereoselectivity was found in Acetobacter sp. CCTCC M209061 and enriched 27.5-fold with an overall yield of 0.4% by purification. The enzyme showed a homotetrameric structure with an apparent molecular mass of 104 kDa and each subunit of 27 kDa. The gene sequence of AcCR was cloned and sequenced, and a 762 bp gene fragment was obtained. Either NAD(H) or NADP(H) can be used as coenzyme. For the reduction of 4'-chloroacetophenone, the Km value for NADH was around 25-fold greater than that for NADPH (0.66 mM vs 0.026 mM), showing that AcCR preferred NADPH over NADH. However, when NADH was used as cofactor, the response of AcCR activity to increasing concentration of 4'-chloroacetophenone was clearly sigmoidal with a Hill coefficient of 3.1, suggesting that the enzyme might possess four substrate-binding sites cooperating with each other The Vmax value for NADH-linked reduction was higher than that for NADPH-linked reduction (0.21 mM/min vs 0.17 mM/min). For the oxidation of isopropanol, the similar enzymological properties of AcCR were found using NAD+ or NADP+ as cofactor. Furthermore, a broad range of ketones such as aryl ketones, α-ketoesters and aliphatic ketones could be enantioselectively reduced into the corresponding chiral alcohols by this enzyme with high activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Chen
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Yong Lou
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Kawano S, Hasegawa J, Yasohara Y. Efficient synthesis of (R)-3-hydroxypentanenitrile in high enantiomeric excess by enzymatic reduction of 3-oxopentanenitrile. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5891-900. [PMID: 24658591 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
(R)-3-Hydroxypentanenitrile (HPN) is an important intermediate in the synthesis of an immunosuppressive inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor. An efficient enzymatic procedure for the synthesis of (R)-HPN with over 99 % enantiomeric excess using a novel acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (AdKR) from Achromobacter denitrificans was successfully established. Many microorganisms are known to reduce 3-oxopentannitrile (KPN) to (R)-HPN. An enzyme from A. denitrificans partially purified using ion exchange chromatography reduced KPN to (R)-HPN with high enantioselectivity. The AdKR gene was cloned and sequenced and found to comprise 738 bp and encode a polypeptide of 26,399 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a high degree of similarity to those of other putative acetoacetyl-CoA reductases and putative 3-ketoacyl-ACP reductases. The AdKR gene was singly expressed and coexpressed together with a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) as a coenzyme regenerator in Escherichia coli under the control of the lac promoter. (R)-HPN was synthesized with over 99 % e.e. using a cell-free extract of recombinant E. coli cells coexpressing AdKR and GDH.
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Yamamoto H, Kudoh M. Novel chiral tool, (R)-2-octanol dehydrogenase, from Pichia finlandica: purification, gene cloning, and application for optically active α-haloalcohols. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:8087-96. [PMID: 23274959 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel enantioselective alcohol dehydrogenase, (R)-2-octanol dehydrogenase (PfODH), was discovered among methylotrophic microorganisms. The enzyme was purified from Pichia finlandica and characterized. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 83,000 and 30,000 by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. The enzyme was an NAD(+)-dependent secondary alcohol dehydrogenase and showed a strict enantioselectivity, very broad substrate specificity, and high tolerance to SH reagents. A gene-encoding PfODH was cloned and sequenced. The gene consisted of 765 nucleotides, coding polypeptides of 254 amino acids. The gene was singly expressed and coexpressed together with a formate dehydrogenase as an NADH regenerator in an Escherichia coli. Ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate and (S)-2-chloro-1-phenylethanol were synthesized using a whole-cell biocatalyst in more than 99 % optical purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yamamoto
- Green Product Development Center, R&D Management, Daicel Corporation, 1-1 Shinko-cho, Myoko, Niigata, 944-8550, Japan.
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