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Kwon CW, Chang PS. Role of Endogenous Cathepsin L in Muscle Protein Degradation in Olive Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) Surimi Gel. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071901. [PMID: 33800606 PMCID: PMC8037396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of endogenous cathepsin L on surimi gel produced from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The amino acid sequences of six proteins predicted or identified as cathepsin L were obtained from the olive flounder genome database, and a phylogenetic analysis was conducted. Next, cathepsin L activity toward N-α-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-arginine-(7-amino-4-methylcoumarin) (Z-F-R-AMC) was detected in crude olive flounder extract and a crude enzyme preparation. A considerable decrease in the level of myosin heavy chain (MHC) in surimi occurred during autolysis at 60 °C. In contrast, the levels of actin, troponin-T, and tropomyosin decreased only slightly. To prevent protein degradation by cathepsin L, a protease inhibitor was added to surimi. In the presence of 1.0% protease inhibitor, the autolysis of olive flounder surimi at 60 °C was inhibited by 12.2%; the degree of inhibition increased to 44.2% as the inhibitor concentration increased to 3.0%. In addition, the deformation and hardness of modori gel increased as the inhibitor concentration increased to 2.0%. Therefore, cathepsin L plays an important role in protein degradation in surimi, and the quality of surimi gel could be enhanced by inhibiting its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Woo Kwon
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-4852
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Chen J, Zhang L, Yang N, Cao M, Tian M, Fu Q, Su B, Li C. Characterization of the immune roles of cathepsin L in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) mucosal immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:322-335. [PMID: 31805413 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin L (CTSL) is one of the crucial enzymes in cathepsin family, which has been widely known for its involvement in the innate immunity. However, it still remains poorly understood how CTSL modulates the immune system of teleosts. In this study, we captured three cathepsin L genes (SmCTSL, SmCTSL.1 and SmCTSL1) from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). The coding sequences of SmCTSL, SmCTSL.1 and SmCTSL1 are 1,026 bp, 1,005 bp and 1,017 bp in length and encode 341, 334 and 338 amino acids, respectively. In details, transcripts of CTSL genes share same domains as other CTSL genes, one signal peptide, one propeptide and one papain family cysteine protease domain. Protein interaction network analysis indicated that turbot CTSL genes may play important roles in apoptotic signaling and involve in innate immune response. Evidence from subcellular localization demonstrated that the three Cathepsin L proteins were ubiquitous in nucleus and cytoplasm. The cathepsin L genes were widely expressed in all the tested tissues with the highest expression level of SmCTSL in spleen, and SmCTSL.1 and SmCTSL1 in intestine. Following Vibrio anguillarum, Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae challenge, these cathepsin L genes were significantly regulated in mucosal tissues in all the challenges, especially significant down-regulation occurred rapidly in intestine in all the three challenges. In addition, the three cathepsin L genes showed strong binding ability to all the examined microbial ligands (LPS, PGN and LTA). Further studies should be used to analyze the specific function of these three cathepsin L genes. By then, we can use their function to maintain the integrity of the mucosal barrier, thereby promoting the disease resistance line and family selection in turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Chen
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Tian
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
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Sun BG, Hu YH. Identification, mRNA expression profiling and activity characterization of cathepsin L from red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1463-1473. [PMID: 26164862 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin L is a cysteine protease with a papain-like structure. It is known to be implicated in multiple processes of mammalian immune response to pathogen infection. In teleost fish, the functionality of cathepsin L is less understood. In this work, we characterized a cathepsin L homologue (designated as SoCatL) from red drum Sciaenops ocellatus, an important farmed fish species in China. SoCatL possesses a typical domain arrangement characteristic of cathepsin L, which comprises a proregion and a protease domain with four catalytically essential residues (Gln137, Cys143, His282 and Asn302) conserved in various organisms. SoCatL shares moderate sequence identities with mammalian cathepsin L and relatively high sequence identities with teleost cathepsin L. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SoCatL is evolutionally close to fish cathepsin L, especially those belonging to the Perciformes order. The homology model of SoCatL was discovered to exhibit a structure resembling human cathepsin L. Transcriptional expression of SoCatL was found ubiquitous in tissues and enhanced after experimental infection with a bacterial pathogen. Recombinant SoCatL purified from Escherichia coli (designated as rSoCatL) displayed apparent proteolytic activity, which was optimal at 50 °C and pH 7.0. The activity of rSoCatL required the catalytic residue Cys143 and was severely reduced by cathepsin inhibitor. These results suggest that SoCatL is a teleost cathepsin L homologue which functions as a cysteine protease and is likely to participate in the host immune response against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-guang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yong-hua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Wang R, Song L, Su B, Zhao H, Zhang D, Peatman E, Li C. Mucosal expression signatures of two Cathepsin L in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) following bacterial challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:582-589. [PMID: 26434716 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal surfaces of fish are the first line of host defense against various pathogens. The mucosal immune responses are the most critical events to prevent pathogen attachment and invasion. Cathepsins are a group of peptidases that involved in different levels of immune responses, but the knowledge of the roles of Cathepsin in mucosal immune responses against bacterial infection are still lacking. Therefore, in the present study we characterized the Cathepsin L gene family in channel catfish, and profiled their expression levels after challenging with two different Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Here, two Cathepsin L genes were identified from channel catfish and were designated CTSL1a and CTSL.1. Comparing to other fish species, the catfish CTSL genes are highly conserved in their structural features. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to confirm the identification of CTSL genes. Expression analysis revealed that the CTSL genes were ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues. Following infection, the CTSL genes were significantly induced at most timepoints in mucosal tissues. But the expression patterns varied depending on both pathogen and tissue types, suggesting that CTSL genes may exert disparate functions or exhibit distinct tissue-selective roles in mucosal immune responses. Our findings here, clearly revealed the key roles of CTSL in catfish mucosal immunity; however, further studies are needed to expand functional characterization and examine whether CTSL may also play additional physiological roles in catfish mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Wang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lin Song
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Baofeng Su
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Honggang Zhao
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Eric Peatman
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Cloning, Heterologous Expression, and Enzymatic Characterization of Cathepsin L from Starfish (Asterina pectinifera). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:2342-6. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Liang JZ, Rao YZ, Lun ZR, Yang TB. Cathepsin L in the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides: molecular cloning and gene expression after a Vibrio anguillarum challenge. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:1795-1806. [PMID: 22723013 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, is an important fish maricultured in many Asian countries. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of cathepsin L, an immunity related gene of fishes, was isolated from E. coioides using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). It is 1,443 bp in length, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,011 bp. The open reading frame encoded a preproprotein of 336 amino acids (aa), which consisted of a signal peptide of 16 aa, a proregion peptide of 98 aa and a mature peptide of 222 aa. The preproprotein contained an oxyanion hole (Gln), a catalytic triad formed by Cys, His and Asn, and the conserved ERWNIN, GNFD and GCNGG motifs, all characteristic of cathepsin L. Homology analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of E. coioides cathepsin L shared 80.1-94.8 % identity with those of reported fishes. Tissue-dependent mRNA expression analysis showed that the cathepsin L transcript was expressed in all the examined tissues of the healthy E. coioides, being highest in the liver and moderate in the heart, gonad and intestine. After Vibrio anguillarum stimulation, the mRNA expression of cathepsin L in E. coioides was significantly increased in the skin, fin, gills, liver, blood, spleen, head kidney and intestine, with the highest observed in the spleen (10.6-fold) at 12 h post-injection and the next in blood (7.5-fold) at 8 h post-injection. These results provided initial information for further studies on the physiological and immunological roles of the cathepsin L gene in the orange-spotted grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ying-Zhu Rao
- Life Science and Technology School, Zhanjiang Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ting-Bao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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