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Prevalence and clinical demography of hyperhomocysteinemia in Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:759-765. [PMID: 32514603 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that high homocysteine worsens the occurrence, symptoms, and prognosis of patients with schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, clinical correlation, and demographic characteristics of hyperhomocysteinemia in Han Chinese schizophrenia patients. In this study, we enrolled 330 schizophrenia patients and 190 healthy controls. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the psychiatric symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. The plasma homocysteine level was measured by the enzyme cycle method and the concentration of homocysteine > 15 μmol/L was defined as hyperhomocysteinemia. The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in Han Chinese schizophrenia patients and healthy controls was 55.05% and 26.98%, respectively. Schizophrenia patients with hyperhomocysteinemia had more male proportion, older age, higher smoking rate, lower HDL level, higher PANSS total score, and higher negative factor than those patients without hyperhomocysteinemia. Binary logical regression result showed that gender and age were the independent risk factors of hyperhomocysteinemia. Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia had high prevalence hyperhomocysteinemia than healthy controls, and elderly male patients have a higher risk of hyperhomocysteinemia. This study was registered in the China Clinical Trial Registration Center (chiCTR 1800017044).
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Kitagawa E, Ota Y, Hasegawa M, Nakagawa T, Hayakawa T. Accumulation of Liver Lipids Induced by Vitamin B 6 Deficiency Was Effectively Ameliorated by Choline and, to a Lesser Extent, Betaine. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:94-101. [PMID: 30814419 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite previous studies suggesting that choline and betaine ameliorate lipid accumulation in rat livers, the relative effectiveness of the two nutrients is unclear. We examined the efficacy of dietary supplementation with choline or betaine in ameliorating lipid accumulation induced by vitamin B6 (B6) deficiency in the rat liver. Male Wistar rats were fed control, B6-deficient, choline-supplemented B6-deficient, betaine-supplemented B6-deficient, or both choline and betaine-supplemented B6-deficient diets (all containing 9 g of l-methionine (Met)/kg) for 35 d. Two experiments were performed, i.e., one using 17 mmol/kg diet choline bitartrate, betaine anhydrous, and the combination and another using 8.5 mmol/kg diet. Rats fed a B6-deficient diet developed lipid accumulation in the liver with a reduction of plasma lipids induced by the disruption of Met metabolism. However, the addition of 17 mmol/kg diet choline or betaine was sufficient to ameliorate the disruptions of lipid and Met metabolism. Additionally, 8.5 mmol/kg diet choline ameliorated liver lipid deposition, while the same amount of betaine had no significant effects on liver or plasma lipid profiles. Supplementation with choline resulted in a higher liver betaine than that found using the same amount of betaine alone, although the overall liver betaine content was reduced in B6-deficient rats. Our findings indicate that choline is more effective than betaine in ameliorating B6 deficiency-related disruptions in Met metabolism and liver lipid accumulation by increasing liver betaine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Kitagawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University.,Faculty of Health and Human Life, Nagoya Bunri University
| | - Yuki Ota
- The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Maki Hasegawa
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Tomoyuki Nakagawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University.,The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University.,Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Takashi Hayakawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University.,The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University.,Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
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Kitagawa E, Yamamoto T, Fujishita M, Ota Y, Yamamoto K, Nakagawa T, Hayakawa T. Choline and betaine ameliorate liver lipid accumulation induced by vitamin B 6 deficiency in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 81:316-322. [PMID: 27696964 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1240604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of supplementing the diet with choline or betaine in ameliorating lipid accumulation induced by vitamin B6 (B6) deficiency in rat liver. Male Wistar rats were fed a control, B6-deficient, choline-supplemented (2, 4, or 6 g choline bitartrate/kg diet) B6-deficient diet or betaine-supplemented (1, 2, or 4 g betaine anhydrous/kg diet) B6-deficient diet for 35 d; all diets contained 9 g L-methionine (Met)/kg diet. Choline or betaine supplementation attenuated liver lipid deposition and restored plasma lipid profiles to control levels. These treatments restored the disruptions in Met metabolism and the phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ratio induced by B6 deficiency in liver microsomes. These results suggest that choline and betaine ameliorated liver lipid accumulation induced by B6 deficiency via recovery of Met metabolism and very low-density lipoprotein secretion by restoring the supply of PC derived from PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Kitagawa
- a The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.,b Faculty of Health and Human Life , Nagoya Bunri University , Inazawa , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamamoto
- c The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Mayuko Fujishita
- c The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Yuki Ota
- c The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Kohei Yamamoto
- a The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakagawa
- a The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.,c The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.,d Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Takashi Hayakawa
- a The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.,c The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan.,d Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
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Folic acid supplementation: what is new? Fetal, obstetric, long-term benefits and risks. Future Sci OA 2016; 2:FSO116. [PMID: 28031963 PMCID: PMC5137972 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2015-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between folic acid supplementation, prior to conception and/or during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes, has been the subject of numerous studies. The worldwide recommendation of folic acid is at least 0.4 mg daily for all women of reproductive age, and 4–5 mg in high-risk women. In addition, evidence shows that folic acid supplementation could modulate other adverse pregnancy outcomes, specifically, in pregnancies complicated by seizure disorders, preeclampsia, anemia, fetal growth restriction and autism. This review summarizes the available national and international guidelines, concerning the indications and dosage of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy. In addition, it describes the potential preventive benefits of folic acid supplementation on multiple maternal and fetal outcomes, as well as potential risks.
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Yang X, Chen H, Du Y, Wang S, Wang Z. Periconceptional folic acid fortification for the risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2015; 12:669-79. [PMID: 26260406 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Published literatures report controversial results about the association of folic acid-containing multivitamins with gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. A comprehensive search was performed to identify related prospective studies to assess the effect of folic acid fortification on gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. The Q test and I(2) statistic were used to examine between-study heterogeneity. Fixed or random effects models were selected based on study heterogeneity. A funnel plot and modified Egger linear regression test were used to estimate publication bias. Eleven studies conformed to the criteria. Pooled results indicated that folic acid fortification alone was not associated with the occurrence of gestational hypertension [relative risk (RR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98-1.09, P = 0.267] and pre-eclampsia (RR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.90-1.08, P = 0.738). However, supplementation of multivitamins containing folic acid could prevent gestational hypertension (RR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.43-0.76, P < 0.001) and pre-eclampsia (RR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.48-0.84, P = 0.001). The difference between folic acid fortification alone and multivitamins containing folic acid was significant. This meta-analysis suggests that periconceptional multivitamin supplementation with appropriate dose, not folic acid alone, is an appropriate recommendation for pregnant women. The effect should be further confirmed by conducting large-scale randomised controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihui Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Kitagawa E, Yamamoto T, Yamamoto K, Nakagawa T, Hayakawa T. Accumulation of lipid in rat liver was induced by vitamin B6 deficiency and was ameliorated by supplemental phosphatidylcholine in the diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1320-6. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1020755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of supplementing the diet with pteroylmonoglutamic acid (PGA), choline, or phosphatidylcholine (PC) in ameliorating the lipid accumulation in rat liver that is induced by vitamin B6 (B6) deficiency. In Experiment 1, male Wistar rats were fed a control, B6-deficient, or PGA-, choline-, or PC-supplemented (10 mg, 4 g, and 6.3 g/kg of diet, respectively) B6-deficient diet containing l-methionine at 9 g/kg of diet for 35 days. In Experiment 2, rats were fed a control, B6-deficient, or PC-supplemented (at 3.15, 6.3, or 12.6 g PC/kg of diet) B6-deficient diet for 35 days. Choline or PC supplementation ameliorated liver lipid deposition and returned plasma lipids to normal. Judging from these results, it appeared that B6 deficiency decreased the synthesis of PC in the liver, thereby decreasing the secretion of very low-density lipoproteins, and in consequence producing lipid accumulation in the liver and reductions of plasma lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Kitagawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Human Life, Nagoya Bunri University, Inazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamamoto
- The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakagawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayakawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- The Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Wang Y, Zhao N, Qiu J, He X, Zhou M, Cui H, Lv L, Lin X, Zhang C, Zhang H, Xu R, Zhu D, Dang Y, Han X, Zhang H, Bai H, Chen Y, Tang Z, Lin R, Yao T, Su J, Xu X, Liu X, Wang W, Ma B, Liu S, Qiu W, Huang H, Liang J, Wang S, Ehrenkranz RA, Kim C, Liu Q, Zhang Y. Folic acid supplementation and dietary folate intake, and risk of preeclampsia. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1145-1150. [PMID: 25626412 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Folic acid supplementation has been suggested to reduce the risk of preeclampsia. However, results from few epidemiologic studies have been inconclusive. We investigated the hypothesis that folic acid supplementation and dietary folate intake before conception and during pregnancy reduce the risk of preeclampsia. SUBJECTS/METHODS A birth cohort study was conducted in 2010-2012 at the Gansu Provincial Maternity & Child Care Hospital in Lanzhou, China. A total of 10,041 pregnant women without chronic hypertension or gestational hypertension were enrolled. RESULTS Compared with nonusers, folic acid supplement users had a reduced risk of preeclampsia (OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.43-0.87). A significant dose-response of duration of use was observed among women who used folic acid supplemention during pregnancy only (P-trend=0.007). The reduced risk associated with folic acid supplement was similar for mild or severe preeclampsia and for early- or late-onset preeclampsia, although the statistical significant associations were only observed for mild (OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.30-0.81) and late-onset (OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.42-0.86) preeclampsia. The reduced risk associated with dietary folate intake during pregnancy was only seen for severe preeclampsia (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.31-0.87, for the highest quartile of dietary folate intake compared with the lowest). CONCLUSIONS Our study results suggest that folic acid supplementation and higher dietary folate intake during pregnancy reduce the risk of preeclampsia. Future studies are needed to confirm the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - N Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Qiu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - X He
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - M Zhou
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - H Cui
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - L Lv
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - X Lin
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - C Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - H Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - R Xu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - D Zhu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Y Dang
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - X Han
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - H Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - H Bai
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Y Chen
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Z Tang
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - R Lin
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - T Yao
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - J Su
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - X Xu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - X Liu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - W Wang
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - B Ma
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - S Liu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - W Qiu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - H Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Liang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - R A Ehrenkranz
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Kim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Q Liu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Li Z, Ye R, Zhang L, Li H, Liu J, Ren A. Folic Acid Supplementation During Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia. Hypertension 2013; 61:873-9. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested that folic acid–containing multivitamins may markedly reduce the risk of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. We examined whether maternal supplementation with folic acid alone during early pregnancy can prevent the occurrence of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. The data are from a large population-based cohort study established to evaluate the effectiveness of the campaign to prevent neural tube defects with folic acid supplementation in China. We selected participants who were registered in 2 southern provinces, had exact information on folic acid use, and were not affected by chronic hypertension or diabetes mellitus before 20 weeks gestation. A logistic regression model was used to adjust for the effects of the main potential confounders, including age, body mass index, education, occupation, parity, and multiple births. The study size had 99.9% power (α=0.05) to detect a decrease of 10% over the unexposed rate of 9.4% for gestational hypertension. Among the 193 554 women (47.9% took folic acid, 52.1% did not), the overall incidence of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia was 9.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The incidence of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia was 9.7% and 2.5% for women who took folic acid, and 9.4% and 2.4% for women who did not use it. The adjusted risk ratio associated with folic acid use was 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.11) for gestational hypertension and 1.11 (95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.18) for preeclampsia. Our findings suggest that daily consumption of 400 μg folic acid alone during early pregnancy cannot prevent the occurrence of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Li
- From the Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health (Z.L., R.Y., L.Z., H.L., J.L., A.R.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Z.L., R.Y.), School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rongwei Ye
- From the Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health (Z.L., R.Y., L.Z., H.L., J.L., A.R.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Z.L., R.Y.), School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Le Zhang
- From the Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health (Z.L., R.Y., L.Z., H.L., J.L., A.R.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Z.L., R.Y.), School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtian Li
- From the Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health (Z.L., R.Y., L.Z., H.L., J.L., A.R.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Z.L., R.Y.), School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmeng Liu
- From the Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health (Z.L., R.Y., L.Z., H.L., J.L., A.R.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Z.L., R.Y.), School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- From the Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health (Z.L., R.Y., L.Z., H.L., J.L., A.R.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Z.L., R.Y.), School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Involvement of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate in the Amelioration of Hyperhomocysteinemia Caused by Vitamin B 6 Deficiency and L-Methionine Supplementation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013; 77:378-80. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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