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Maciel PS, Gonçalves R, Antonelli LRDV, Fonseca CT. Schistosoma mansoni Infection Is Impacted by Malnutrition. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:635843. [PMID: 33815321 PMCID: PMC8017134 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.635843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains one of the most important neglected tropical diseases in the world. It mainly affects developing countries, where it often coexists with malnutrition. Despite this, few studies have investigated the relationship between schistosomiasis and malnutrition. Herein, we evaluate the impact of malnutrition on experimental S. mansoni infection. Mice were divided into 5 groups: Control (Ctrl) diet (14% protein and 10% lipids), low-protein 3% (LP 3%), low-protein 8% (LP 8%), low-fat 2.5% (LF 2.5%), and low-fat 5% (LF 5%). Mice were fed with their respective diets and were infected when a difference of approximately 20% in the body weight between mice from any experimental group and mice from the control group was achieved. Nutritional, parasitological, and immunological parameters were assessed either just before infection and/or approximately 50 days later before mice were perfused. Our results showed that the 3% low-protein diet was the only one capable of establishing malnutrition in mice. Mice fed with this diet showed: (i) significant reduction in body weight and serum albumin levels before infection, (ii) decreased levels of all biochemical parameters evaluated before perfusion, (iii) decreased numbers of schistosome eggs trapped in intestines and impaired parasite fecundity, (iv) a delay in the granuloma development with a smaller granuloma area, and (v) reduced levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in the liver. Our findings demonstrate that low protein supply leads to malnutrition in mice and impacts the cytokine milieu in the liver and granuloma formation. Additionally, the establishment of our murine malnutrition model will enable future studies aiming to better understand the complex relationships between nutrition, immune responses, and infection outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliane Silva Maciel
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Biologia de Monócitos e Macrófagos, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lis Ribeiro do Valle Antonelli
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristina Toscano Fonseca
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Dhayade S, Pietzke M, Wiesheu R, Tait-Mulder J, Athineos D, Sumpton D, Coffelt S, Blyth K, Vazquez A. Impact of Formate Supplementation on Body Weight and Plasma Amino Acids. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2181. [PMID: 32708052 PMCID: PMC7469024 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Current nutritional recommendations are focused on energy, fat, carbohydrate, protein and vitamins. Less attention has been paid to the nutritional demand of one-carbon units for nucleotide and methionine synthesis. Here, we investigated the impact of sodium formate supplementation as a nutritional intervention to increase the dietary intake of one-carbon units. A cohort of six female and six male mice received 125 mM of sodium formate in the drinking water for three months. A control group of another six female and six male mice was also followed up for the same period of time. Tail vein blood samples were collected once a month and profiled with a haematology analyser. At the end of the study, blood and tissues were collected for metabolomics analysis and immune cell profiling. Formate supplementation had no significant physiological effect on male mice, except for a small decrease in body weight. Formate supplementation had no significant effect on the immune cell counts during the intervention or at the end of the study in either gender. In female mice, however, the body weight and spleen wet weight were significantly increased by formate supplementation, while the blood plasma levels of amino acids were decreased. Formate supplementation also increased the frequency of bifidobacteria, a probiotic bacterium, in the stools of female mice. We conclude that formate supplementation induces physiological changes in a gender-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Dhayade
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (S.D.); (M.P.); (R.W.); (J.T.-M.); (D.A.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Matthias Pietzke
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (S.D.); (M.P.); (R.W.); (J.T.-M.); (D.A.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Robert Wiesheu
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (S.D.); (M.P.); (R.W.); (J.T.-M.); (D.A.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (K.B.)
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jacqueline Tait-Mulder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (S.D.); (M.P.); (R.W.); (J.T.-M.); (D.A.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Dimitris Athineos
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (S.D.); (M.P.); (R.W.); (J.T.-M.); (D.A.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (K.B.)
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (S.D.); (M.P.); (R.W.); (J.T.-M.); (D.A.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Seth Coffelt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (S.D.); (M.P.); (R.W.); (J.T.-M.); (D.A.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (K.B.)
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (S.D.); (M.P.); (R.W.); (J.T.-M.); (D.A.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (K.B.)
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Alexei Vazquez
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (S.D.); (M.P.); (R.W.); (J.T.-M.); (D.A.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (K.B.)
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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Zelaya H, Laiño J, Haro C, Alvarez S, Agüero G. Modulation of the immuno-coagulative response in a pneumococcal infection in malnourished mice nasally treated with Lactobacillus casei. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:145-154. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.045526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hortensia Zelaya
- Bioquímica Clínica I, Instituto de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Balcarce 747, CP 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jonathan Laiño
- Bioquímica Clínica I, Instituto de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Balcarce 747, CP 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Haro
- Bioquímica Clínica I, Instituto de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Balcarce 747, CP 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Susana Alvarez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, CP 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Bioquímica Clínica I, Instituto de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Balcarce 747, CP 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Graciela Agüero
- Bioquímica Clínica I, Instituto de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Balcarce 747, CP 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Hsu CB, Lee JW, Huang HJ, Wang CH, Lee TT, Yen HT, Yu B. Effects of supplemental glutamine on growth performance, plasma parameters and LPS-induced immune response of weaned barrows after castration. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2012; 25:674-81. [PMID: 25049613 PMCID: PMC4093117 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental glutamine on growth performance, plasma parameters and LPS-induced immune response of weaned barrows after castration. In experiment 1, forty-eight weaned male piglets were used and fed maize and soybean meal diets supplemented with 0 (Control) or 2% L-Gln (Gln+) for 25 days. The results indicated that the Gln+ group tended to increase average daily gain compared to control in stages of days 7 to 14 and 0 to 25. The Gln+ had significantly better feed efficiency than the control group did during days 14 to 25 and 0 to 25. The plasma blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase contents of Gln+ group were higher than those of the control group on day 14 post-weaning. In experiment 2, sixteen weaned male piglets were injected with E. coli K88+ lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on day 14 post-weaning. The results showed that the Gln+ group had lower concentrations of plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone and cortisol than the control group on day 14 pre-LPS challenge. In addition, Gln+ group had higher plasma IgG concentration than the control group for pre- or post-LPS challenged on day 14 post-weaning. In summary, dietary supplementation of Gln was able to alleviate the stressful condition and inflammation associated with castration in weaned barrows, and to improve their immunity and growth performance in the early starter stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Hsu
- Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, COA, Pingtung 912, Taiwan ; Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - H J Huang
- Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, COA, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - C H Wang
- Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, COA, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - T T Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Dao University, Changhau 523, Taiwan
| | - H T Yen
- Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, P.O. box 23, Chunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
| | - B Yu
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Rogero MM, Borelli P, Fock RA, de Oliveira Pires IS, Tirapegui J. Glutamine in vitro supplementation partly reverses impaired macrophage function resulting from early weaning in mice. Nutrition 2008; 24:589-98. [PMID: 18455658 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glutamine is one of the most abundant amino acids found in maternal milk, and its concentration increases throughout lactation. Because glutamine is essential for macrophage functionality, it is hereby suggested that early weaning in conjunction with the absence of glutamine consumption impairs the functioning of macrophages, which could in turn be reversed with an in vitro supplementation with glutamine. METHODS Swiss Webster mice were early weaned at 14 d of age (EW group) or at 21 d of age (control group, n = 8 per group). The EW group was fed a glutamine-free diet from days 14 to 21 of life. RESULTS Mice in the EW group presented a significant decrease in plasma and muscle concentrations of glutamine and an increase in the activity of glutamine synthetase in the muscle. Peritoneal macrophages obtained from animals in the EW group presented a significant increase in the production of interleukin (IL)-10 and a significant decrease in the synthesis of IL-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide and in their ability to adhere, spread, phagocytize, and kill fungi. Glutamine in vitro supplementation reversed the decrease in IL-6, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide synthesis and the decrease in the capacity to adhere, spread, and phagocytize in animals of the EW group. CONCLUSION These new data may imply that a lack of glutamine intake in early weaned mice hampers the functioning of peritoneal macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Salva S, Villena J, Racedo S, Alvarez S, Agüero G. Lactobacillus caseiaddition to a repletion diet-induced early normalisation of cytokine profils during a pneumococcal infection in malnourished mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09540100802247243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Salva
- a Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Balcarce, San Miguel de Tucumán , Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Julio Villena
- a Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Balcarce, San Miguel de Tucumán , Tucumán, Argentina
- b Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET) , San Miguel de Tucumán , Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvia Racedo
- b Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET) , San Miguel de Tucumán , Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Susana Alvarez
- a Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Balcarce, San Miguel de Tucumán , Tucumán, Argentina
- b Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET) , San Miguel de Tucumán , Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Graciela Agüero
- a Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Balcarce, San Miguel de Tucumán , Tucumán, Argentina
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Rogero MM, Tirapegui J, Vinolo MAR, Borges MC, de Castro IA, Pires ISDO, Borelli P. Dietary glutamine supplementation increases the activity of peritoneal macrophages and hemopoiesis in early-weaned mice inoculated with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin. J Nutr 2008; 138:1343-8. [PMID: 18567758 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.7.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants who are breast-fed have been shown to have a lower incidence of certain infectious diseases compared with formula-fed infants. Glutamine is one of the most abundant amino acids found in maternal milk and it is essential for the function of immune system cells such as macrophages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glutamine supplementation on the function of peritoneal macrophages and on hemopoiesis in early-weaned mice inoculated with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Mice were weaned at 14 d of age and distributed to 2 groups and fed either a glutamine-free diet (n = 16) or a glutamine-supplemented diet (+Gln) (n = 16). Both diets were isonitrogenous (with addition of a mixture of nonessential amino acids) and isocaloric. At d 21, 2 subgroups of mice (n = 16) were intraperitoneally injected with BCG and all mice were killed at d 28. Plasma, muscle and liver glutamine concentrations and muscle glutamine synthetase activity were not affected by diet or inoculation with BCG. The +Gln diet led to increased leukocyte and lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood (P < 0.05) and granulocyte and lymphocyte counts in the bone marrow and spleen (P < 0.05). The +Gln diet increased spreading and adhesion capacities, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) syntheses and the phagocytic and fungicidal activity of peritoneal macrophages (P < 0.05). The interaction between the +Gln diet and BCG inoculation increased the area under the curve of interleukin (IL)-1beta and TNFalpha syntheses (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the intake of glutamine increases the function of peritoneal macrophages and hemopoiesis in early-weaned and BCG-inoculated mice. These data have important implications for the design of breast milk substitutes for human infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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