1
|
Li Y, Luo Q, Qin M, Xu W, Wang X, Zhou J, He C, Chen Y, Yu Z, Ni D. Study on color, aroma, and taste formation mechanism of large-leaf yellow tea during an innovative manufacturing process. Food Chem 2024; 438:138062. [PMID: 38064793 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
This study used samples processed with an innovative manufacturing process to explore the dynamic changes of large-leaf yellow tea (LYT) in color, aroma, and taste substances, and the quality components were most significantly affected in the stages of first pile-yellowing (FP) and over-fired drying (TD). In this process, the moisture and temperature conditions caused chlorophyll degradation, Maillard reactions, caramelization reactions, and isomerization of phenolic substances, forming the quality of LYT. Specifically, chlorophyll degradation favored the formation of color quality; the taste quality was determined by the content of soluble sugars, amino acids, catechins, etc.; the aroma quality was dependent on the content changes of alcohols and aldehydes, as well as the increase of sweet and roasting aroma substances in the third drying stage. Additionally, twelve key aroma components, including linalool, (E)-β-ionone, 2,3-diethyl-5-methyl-pyrazine, etc., were identified as contributors to revealing LYT rice crust-like and sweet aroma formation mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muxue Qin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenluan Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang W, Le T, Wang WW, Yin JF, Jiang HY. The Effects of Structure and Oxidative Polymerization on Antioxidant Activity of Catechins and Polymers. Foods 2023; 12:4207. [PMID: 38231595 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are key free radical scavengers in tea. This study screened the antioxidant active groups of catechins and dimers and analyzed the effects of the degree of oxidative polymerization and oxidative dimerization reaction on their antioxidant activities. ABTS+· free radical scavenging activity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and total antioxidant capacity of catechins and polymers were systematically analyzed and compared in this study. Results manifested antioxidant activities of catechins were dominated by B-ring pyrogallol and 3-galloyl, but were not decided by geometrical isomerism. 3-galloyl had a stronger antioxidant activity than B-ring pyrogallol in catechins. The number, not the position, of the galloyl group was positively correlated with the antioxidant activities of theaflavins. Theasinensin A has more active groups than (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, so it had a stronger antioxidant activity. Additionally, the higher the degree of oxidation polymerization, the weaker the antioxidant activities of the samples. The oxidative dimerization reaction hindered the antioxidant activities of the substrate-catechin mixture by reducing the number of active groups of the substrate and increasing the molecular structure size of the product. Overall, pyrogallol and galloyl groups were antioxidant active groups. The degree of oxidative polymerization and the oxidative dimerization reaction weakened the antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ting Le
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jun-Feng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - He-Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lehner A, Johnson M, Zimmerman A, Zyskowski J, Buchweitz J. Vitamin D analyses in veterinary feeds by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2021; 27:48-62. [PMID: 33722092 DOI: 10.1177/14690667211000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This report examines the feasibility of determination of Vitamin D3, D2 and their 25-hydroxy metabolites utilizing Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) as a potential alternative to popular Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) methodologies. The GC/MS/MS approach was found to operate reasonably well despite long-standing concerns that gas-liquid chromatography of vitamin D compounds invoke thermal rearrangements owing to the relatively high inlet and capillary column temperatures used. The workup procedure involved incubation of feed samples with concentrated potassium hydroxide for overnight fat saponification, extraction of D Vitamins in n-hexane and reaction with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide at 70 °C for 30 mins. In addition to parent compounds, small amounts of pyro-, isopyro-, and iso-vitamin D and isotachysterol3 variants were obtained from each Vitamin D-related compound upon extraction and GC/MS/MS analysis. Mass spectral and chromatographic behavior of these compounds are herein described and interpreted. Multiple Reaction Monitoring settings on GC/MS/MS included m/z 456→351 for Vitamin D3 and m/z 486→363 for Vitamin D2. Trimethylsilylation enabled single predominant peaks for Vitamins D3 and D2, and sample workup in the presence of deuterated Vitamin D analogs enabled accurate and precise sensitivity to 1 ppb (ng/g) in feeds. The method could be extended with reasonable accuracy to 25-hydroxy (25OH) compounds, but accuracies would be significantly improved by inclusion of respective 25OH-specific deuterated internal standards. The method was applied to 27 submissions of suspect dog foods of which 22% were discovered elevated and 44% were discovered to contain toxic levels of Vitamin D3. The described method was thus discovered to provide a suitable mass spectrometric approach for Vitamin D, proving itself here specifically of value in detection of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol in animal feeds. The specificity and sensitivity of the tandem quadrupole approach can enable suitable applicability to serum determination if desired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lehner
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Margaret Johnson
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alan Zimmerman
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Justin Zyskowski
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John Buchweitz
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sakakibara T, Sawada Y, Wang J, Nagaoka S, Yanase E. Molecular Mechanism by Which Tea Catechins Decrease the Micellar Solubility of Cholesterol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7128-7135. [PMID: 31150244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tea polyphenols lower the levels of cholesterol in the blood by decreasing the cholesterol micellar solubility. To clarify this mechanism, the interactions between taurocholic acid and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and its derivatives were investigated. 13C NMR studies revealed remarkable chemical-shift changes for the carbonyl carbon atom and the 1″- and 4″-positions in the galloyl moiety. Furthermore, 1H NMR studies using (-)-EGCg derivatives showed that the number of hydroxyl groups on the B ring did not affect these interactions, whereas the carbonyl carbon atom and the aromatic ring of the galloyl moiety had remarkable effects. The configuration at the 2- and 3-positions of the catechin also influenced these interactions, with the trans-configuration resulting in stronger inhibition activity than the cis-configuration. Additionally, a 1:1 component ratio for the catechin-taurocholic acid complex was determined by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. These molecular mechanisms contribute to the development of cholesterol-absorption inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Sakakibara
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Gifu University , 1-1 Yanagido , Gifu 501-1193 , Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sawada
- Division of Instrumental Analysis Life Science Research Center , Gifu University , 1-1 Yanagido , Gifu 501-1193 , Japan
| | - Jilite Wang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Gifu University , 1-1 Yanagido , Gifu 501-1193 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Gifu University , 1-1 Yanagido , Gifu 501-1193 , Japan
| | - Emiko Yanase
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Gifu University , 1-1 Yanagido , Gifu 501-1193 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A nutraceutical formulation based on Annurca apple polyphenolic extract is effective on intestinal cholesterol absorption: A randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study. PHARMANUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
6
|
Mika M, Wikiera A, Antończyk A, Grabacka M. Food Stabilizing Antioxidants Increase Nutrient Bioavailability in the in Vitro Model. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 36:579-585. [PMID: 28895793 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1333930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether antioxidants may enhance bioavailability of lipids and carbohydrates and therefore increase the risk of obesity development. METHODS We tested how supplementation with antioxidants (0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene [BHT], α-tocopherol, and green tea catechins) of a diet containing butter and wheat bread affects bioavailability of fats and carbohydrates. The absorption of the in vitro digested diet was estimated in the intestinal epithelia model of the Caco-2 cells cultured in Transwell chambers. RESULTS In the case of the antioxidant-supplemented diets, we observed increased bioavailability of glucose, cholesterol, and lipids, as well as elevated secretion of the main chylomicron protein apoB-48 to the basal compartment. Importantly, we did not detect any rise in the concentrations of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde, MDA) in the control samples prepared without antioxidants. CONCLUSIONS Addition of antioxidants (in particular BHT) to the diet increases bioavailability of lipids and carbohydrates, which consequently may increase the risk of obesity development. The dose of antioxidants is a factor of fundamental importance, particularly for catechins: low doses increase absorption of lipids, whereas high doses exert the opposite effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mika
- a Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology , University of Agriculture , Krakow , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wikiera
- a Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology , University of Agriculture , Krakow , Poland
| | - Anna Antończyk
- a Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology , University of Agriculture , Krakow , Poland
| | - Maja Grabacka
- a Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology , University of Agriculture , Krakow , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li KK, Peng JM, Zhu W, Cheng BH, Li CM. Gallocatechin gallate (GCG) inhibits 3T3-L1 differentiation and lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation through MAPK and NF-κB signaling. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
8
|
Nakamura K, Morishita S, Ono T, Murakoshi M, Sugiyama K, Kato H, Ikeda I, Nishino H. Lactoferrin interacts with bile acids and increases fecal cholesterol excretion in rats. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:142-147. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional cationic protein (pI 8.2–8.9) in mammalian milk. We previously reported that enteric-LF prevented hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in a diet-induced atherosclerosis model using Microminipig, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Because LF is assumed to electrostatically interact with bile acids to inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption, LF could promote cholesterol excretion. In this study, we assessed the interaction between LF and taurocholate in vitro, and the effect of LF on cholesterol excretion in rats. The binding rate of taurocholate to LF was significantly higher than that to transferrin (pI 5.2–6.3). When rats were administered a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) containing 5% LF, LF was detected using ELISA in the upper small intestine from 7.5 to 60 min after the administration. Rats were fed one of the following diets: control, HCD, or HCD + 5% LF for 21 days. Fecal neutral steroids and hepatic cholesterol levels in the HCD group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The addition of LF to a HCD significantly increased fecal neutral steroids levels (22% increase, p < 0.05) and reduced hepatic cholesterol levels (17% decrease, p < 0.05). These parameters were inversely correlated (R = −0.63, p < 0.05). These results suggest that LF promotes cholesterol excretion via interactions with bile acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Nakamura
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 100 Tajima, Odawara, Kanagawa 256-0811, Japan
| | - Satoru Morishita
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 100 Tajima, Odawara, Kanagawa 256-0811, Japan
- “Food for Life”, Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomoji Ono
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 100 Tajima, Odawara, Kanagawa 256-0811, Japan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Michiaki Murakoshi
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 100 Tajima, Odawara, Kanagawa 256-0811, Japan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan
| | - Keikichi Sugiyama
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 100 Tajima, Odawara, Kanagawa 256-0811, Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kato
- “Food for Life”, Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ikuo Ikeda
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Department of Food Function and Health, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Amamiya-machi, Tsutsumidori, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan
| | - Hoyoku Nishino
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kobayashi M, Ikeda I. Mechanisms of Inhibition of Cholesterol Absorption by Green Tea Catechins. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.23.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ikuo Ikeda
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Department of Food Function and Health, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Preparative separation of gallocatechin gallate from Camellia ptilophylla using macroporous resins followed by sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1011:6-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
11
|
Li KK, Liu CL, Shiu HT, Wong HL, Siu WS, Zhang C, Han XQ, Ye CX, Leung PC, Ko CH. Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) water extract inhibits adipocyte differentiation in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20172. [PMID: 26833256 PMCID: PMC4735603 DOI: 10.1038/srep20172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) is a naturally decaffeinated tea plant. Previously we found that cocoa tea demonstrated a beneficial effect against high-fat diet induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and hyperlipidemia in mice. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-adipogenic effect of cocoa tea in vitro using preadipocytes 3T3-L1. Adipogenic differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O stain, qPCR and Western blot. Our results demonstrated that cocoa tea significantly inhibited triglyceride accumulation in mature adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Cocoa tea was shown to suppress the expressions of key adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP α). The tea extract was subsequently found to reduce the expressions of adipocyte-specific genes such as sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid translocase (FAT) and stearoylcoenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD-1). In addition, JNK, ERK and p38 phosphorylation were inhibited during cocoa tea inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipogenic differentiation. Taken together, this is the first study that demonstrates cocoa tea has the capacity to suppress adipogenesis in pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 similar to traditional green tea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kai Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuek Lun Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hoi Ting Shiu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hing Lok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wing Sum Siu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Qiang Han
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuang Xing Ye
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ogawa K, Hirose S, Nagaoka S, Yanase E. Interaction between Tea Polyphenols and Bile Acid Inhibits Micellar Cholesterol Solubility. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:204-209. [PMID: 26651358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism by which tea polyphenols decrease the micellar solubility of cholesterol is not completely clear. To clarify this mechanism, this study investigated the interaction between tea polyphenols (catechins and oolongtheanins) and cholesterol micelles. A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study was performed on a micellar solution containing taurocholic acid and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was carried out on the precipitate and the supernatant that formed when EGCg was added to a cholesterol-micelle solution. The data indicated a regiospecific interaction of EGCg with taurocholic acid. Therefore, the ability of EGCg to lower the solubility of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol in micellar solutions can be attributed to their elimination from the micelles due to interaction between taurocholic acids and EGCg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ogawa
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University , 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sayumi Hirose
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University , 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University , 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Emiko Yanase
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University , 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Emoto Y, Yoshizawa K, Kinoshita Y, Yuri T, Yuki M, Sayama K, Shikata N, Tsubura A. Green tea extract suppresses N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced photoreceptor apoptosis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 252:1377-84. [PMID: 25012920 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative human diseases characterized by the loss of photoreceptor cells by apoptosis and eventual blindness. A single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) causes photoreceptor cell apoptosis within 7 days in rats. Green tea extract (THEA-FLAN 90S; GTE) is a common herbal supplement with pluripotent properties including antioxidant activity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of GTE against photoreceptor apoptosis in 7-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats that received a single ip injection of 40 mg/kg MNU. METHODS The oral administration of 250 mg/kg/day GTE was initiated 3 days prior to MNU injection and continued once daily throughout the experiment. Rats were sacrificed at 12, 24, and 72 h and 7 days after MNU injection, and the eyes were examined morphologically and morphometrically. The photoreceptor cell ratio, retinal damage ratio, and retinal preservation ratio were used to determine the structural and functional alterations. The number of apoptotic photoreceptor cells per mm(2) was determined in situ by TdT-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL). Our results indicated that oral administration of GTE significantly suppressed the loss of photoreceptor cells morphometrically 7 days after MNU injection. The number of TUNEL-positive cells per mm(2) in MNU-exposed rat central retina with or without GTE administration was 981 vs. 2056 at 24 h after MNU injection. CONCLUSIONS GTE structurally and functionally suppressed MNU-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis. These findings indicate that GTE may help to ameliorate the onset and progression of human RP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Emoto
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ikeda I, Metoki K, Yamahira T, Kato M, Inoue N, Nagao K, Yanagita T, Shirakawa H, Komai M. Impact of fasting time on hepatic lipid metabolism in nutritional animal studies. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1584-91. [PMID: 25209508 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.923297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Many animal studies on improvement of lipid metabolism, using dietary components, fast the animals on the final day of the feeding. Although fasting has a significant impact on lipid metabolism, its time-dependent influence is not fully understood. We examined the effects of several fasting times on lipid metabolism. Rats fed with a semisynthetic diet for 2 wk were killed after 0 (9:00 am), 6 (7:00 am-1:00 pm), 9 (0:00 am-9:00 am), and 13 h (8:00 pm-9:00 am) of fasting. Compared to the 0 h group, marked reduction of liver weight and hepatic triacylglycerol content was observed in the 9 and 13 h groups. Activities of hepatic enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis gradually decreased during fasting. In contrast, drastic time-dependent reduction of gene expression, of the enzymes, was observed. Expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase mRNA was higher in the fasting groups than in the 0 h group. Our study showed that fasting has a significant impact on several parameters related to lipid metabolism in rat liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Ikeda
- a Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Emoto Y, Yoshizawa K, Kinoshita Y, Yuki M, Yuri T, Yoshikawa Y, Sayama K, Tsubura A. Green Tea Extract-induced Acute Hepatotoxicity in Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 27:163-74. [PMID: 25378801 PMCID: PMC4217233 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2014-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although green tea is considered to be a healthy beverage, hepatotoxicity associated with the consumption of green tea extract has been reported. In the present study, we characterized the hepatotoxicity of green tea extract in rats and explored the responsible mechanism. Six-week-old IGS rats received a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 200 mg/kg green tea extract (THEA-FLAN 90S). At 8, 24, 48 and 72 hrs and 1 and 3 months after exposure, liver damage was assessed by using blood-chemistry, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry to detect cell death (TUNEL and caspase-3) and proliferative activity (PCNA). Analyses of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and the liver and of MDA and thymidine glycol (TG) by immunohistochemistry, as oxidative stress markers, were performed. Placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P), which is a marker of hepatocarcinogenesis, was also immunohistochemically stained. To examine toxicity at older ages, 200 mg/kg green tea extract was administered to 18-wk-old female rats. In 6-wk-old rats, 12% of males and 50% of females died within 72 hrs. In 18-wk-old rats, 88% died within 72 hrs. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and/or total bilirubin increased in both males and females. Single-cell necrosis with positive signs of TUNEL and caspase-3 was seen in perilobular hepatocytes from 8 hrs onward in all lobular areas. PCNA-positive hepatocytes increased at 48 hrs. MDA levels in the serum and liver tended to increase, and MDA- and TG-positive hepatocytes were seen immunohistochemically. GST-P–positive hepatocellular altered foci were detected in one female rat at the 3-month time point. In conclusion, a single injection of green tea extract induced acute and severe hepatotoxicity, which might be associated with lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidative stress in hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Emoto
- Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yoshizawa
- Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kinoshita
- Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Michiko Yuki
- Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takashi Yuri
- Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, 4-7-2 Minatojima-nakamachi Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0046 Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Sayama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Airo Tsubura
- Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kobayashi M, Nishizawa M, Inoue N, Hosoya T, Yoshida M, Ukawa Y, Sagesaka YM, Doi T, Nakayama T, Kumazawa S, Ikeda I. Epigallocatechin gallate decreases the micellar solubility of cholesterol via specific interaction with phosphatidylcholine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2881-90. [PMID: 24628603 DOI: 10.1021/jf405591g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the micellar solubility of cholesterol were examined. EGCG eliminated both cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine (PC) from bile salt micelles in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. When the bile salt micelles contained a phospholipid other than PC, neither cholesterol nor the phospholipid was eliminated following the addition of EGCG. When vesicles comprised of various phospholipids were prepared and, EGCG was added to the vesicles, EGCG effectively and exclusively eliminated only PC. An intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) was observed between PC and EGCG in bile salt micelles with EGCG added, but not between cholesterol and EGCG, by using a NOE-correlated spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance method. The results of binding analyses using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) showed that EGCG did not bind to cholesterol. These observations strongly suggest that EGCG decreases the micellar solubility of cholesterol via specific interaction with PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kobayashi
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd. , Shizuoka 421-0516, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lin X, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Gao X, Luo W, Li B. Interactions among chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species. Food Funct 2014; 5:1175-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60720h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
18
|
Miyata Y, Tamaru S, Tanaka T, Tamaya K, Matsui T, Nagata Y, Tanaka K. Theflavins and theasinensin A derived from fermented tea have antihyperglycemic and hypotriacylglycerolemic effects in KK-A(y) mice and Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9366-72. [PMID: 24011231 DOI: 10.1021/jf400123y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Although tea polyphenols are reported to improve serum glucose and lipid levels by inhibiting amylase activity and reducing lipid absorption, in vivo data are lacking. We evaluated in vivo the antihyperglycemic and hypotriacylglycerolemic effects of theaflavins (TFs) and theasinensin A (TSA) refined from fermented tea to purities of 12 and 59%, respectively. Feeding male KK-A(y) mice diets with 0.1% TFs or TSA for 6 weeks reduced serum glucose levels by >30% compared to a control diet. Rats fed diets containing 0.2% TFs or TSA for 4 weeks had higher fecal fat excretion and 33% lower hepatic triacylglycerol; hepatic fatty acid synthase activity was not affected. Oral administration of TFs or TSA reduced the increase in serum triacylglycerol after an oral bolus of a fat emulsion. These results indicate TFs and TSA induce antihyperglycemic responses in diabetic mice and are hypotriacylglycerolemic in rats by suppressing intestinal fat absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Miyata
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nagasaki , 1-1-1 Manabino, Nagayo-cho, Nishisonogi-gun, Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effect of Dietary Cocoa Tea (Camellia ptilophylla) Supplementation on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity, Hepatic Steatosis, and Hyperlipidemia in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:783860. [PMID: 23935682 PMCID: PMC3723092 DOI: 10.1155/2013/783860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that green tea has the potential to protect against diet-induced obesity. The presence of caffeine within green tea has caused limitations. Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) is a naturally decaffeinated tea plant. To determine whether cocoa tea supplementation results in an improvement in high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis, and whether such effects would be comparable to those of green tea extract, we studied six groups (n = 10) of C57BL/6 mice that were fed with (1) normal chow (N); (2) high-fat diet (21% butterfat + 0.15% cholesterol, wt/wt) (HF); (3) a high-fat diet supplemented with 2% green tea extract (HFLG); (4) a high-fat diet supplemented with 4% green tea extract (HFHG); (5) a high-fat diet supplemented with 2% cocoa tea extract (HFLC); and (6) a high-fat diet supplemented with 4% cocoa tea extract (HFHC). From the results, 2% and 4% dietary cocoa tea supplementation caused a dose-dependent decrease in (a) body weight, (b) fat pad mass, (c) liver weight, (d) total liver lipid, (e) liver triglyceride and cholesterol, and (f) plasma lipids (triglyceride and cholesterol). These data indicate that dietary cocoa tea, being naturally decaffeinated, has a beneficial effect on high-fat diet-induced obesity, hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis, and elevated plasma lipid levels in mice, which are comparable to green tea. The present findings have provided the proof of concept that dietary cocoa tea might be of therapeutic value and could therefore provide a safer and cost effective option for patients with diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang YJ, Kim YJ, Yang YK, Kim JY, Kwon O. Dietary flavan-3-ols intake and metabolic syndrome risk in Korean adults. Nutr Res Pract 2012; 6:68-77. [PMID: 22413043 PMCID: PMC3296925 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2012.6.1.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavan-3-ols are a subclass of flavonoids found in a variety of foods including teas. The effects of flavan-3-ols on the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been investigated, generally focusing on tea catechins or individual flavan-3-ol rich foods, but there is little information on dietary flavan-3-ols intake and risk of MetS in population-based studies. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the association between dietary flavan-3-ols intake and the risk of MetS in Korean adults. Subjects comprised 1,827 men and 2,918 women aged 20-69 years whose data was included in the 2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This survey was conducted between January 2008 and December 2008. Total flavan-3-ols intakes were calculated from 24-hour dietary recalls using a flavonoids database. Thirty percent of the male subjects and 24% of the female subjects were reported as having MetS. In the female subjects, flavan3-ols intake was inversely associated with the risk of MetS after adjusting for potential confounders (5th vs. 1st quintile, OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.45-0.91, P for trend = 0.384). The main food source of flavan-3-ols was green tea followed by apples and grapes. Among MetS components, flavan3-ols intake was inversely associated with the risk of high blood pressure after adjusting for potential confounders (5th vs. 1st quintile, OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.45-0.90, P for trend = 0.005). No significant association between flavan-3-ols intake and risk of MetS was found in the male subjects. After stratified analysis by obesity (BMI ≥ 25 or BMI < 25), however, flavan3-ols intake was inversely related to the risk of hypertension in non-obese men. These results suggest that dietary flavan-3-ols intake may have beneficial effects on MetS risk by reducing the risk of hypertension. The effects of flavan-3-ols intake dependent on obesity need further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jung Yang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyeon-dong, Seodeamun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Itoh T, Hori Y, Atsumi T, Toriizuka K, Nakamura M, Maeyama T, Ando M, Tsukamasa Y, Ida Y, Furuichi Y. Hot Water Extract of Adzuki (Vigna angularis) Suppresses Antigen-Stimulated Degranulation in Rat Basophilic Leukemia RBL-2H3 Cells and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis Reaction in Mice. Phytother Res 2011; 26:1003-11. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Itoh
- Faculty of Agriculture; Kinki University; 3327-204 Nakamachi; Nara; 631-8505; Japan
| | - Yumiko Hori
- School of pharmacy; Showa University; 1-5-8 Hatanodai; Shinagawaku; Tokyo; 142-8555; Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Atsumi
- School of pharmacy; Showa University; 1-5-8 Hatanodai; Shinagawaku; Tokyo; 142-8555; Japan
| | - Kazuo Toriizuka
- School of pharmacy; Showa University; 1-5-8 Hatanodai; Shinagawaku; Tokyo; 142-8555; Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Imuraya Confectionery Co., Ltd.; 7-1-1 Takachaya; Tsu; Mie; 514-8530; Japan
| | - Takeshi Maeyama
- Imuraya Confectionery Co., Ltd.; 7-1-1 Takachaya; Tsu; Mie; 514-8530; Japan
| | - Masashi Ando
- Faculty of Agriculture; Kinki University; 3327-204 Nakamachi; Nara; 631-8505; Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tsukamasa
- Faculty of Agriculture; Kinki University; 3327-204 Nakamachi; Nara; 631-8505; Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Ida
- Yokohaha College of Pharmacy; 601 Matano, Totsukaku; Yokohama; Kanagawa; 245-0066; Japan
| | - Yukio Furuichi
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Nagoya Women's University; 3-40 Shioji, Mizuhoku; Nagoya; Aichi; 467-8610; Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
de Moraes BB, Pasquini G, Aguiar O, Gollücke APB, Ihara SSM, Tenorio NM, Andersen ML, Catharino RR, Spadari-Bratfisch RC, Ribeiro DA. Protective effects of green tea against hepatic injury induced by high-cholesterol diet in rats: histopathological analysis, oxidative DNA damage and COX-2 expression. Hepatol Int 2011; 5:965-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s12072-011-9275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
23
|
MIYATA Y, TANAKA T, TAMAYA K, MATSUI T, TAMARU S, TANAKA K. Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Black Tea Polyphenols, Theaflavins, Theasinensin A and Thearubigins, in Rats Fed High Fat Diet. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.17.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
24
|
Ikeda I, Yamahira T, Kato M, Ishikawa A. Black-tea polyphenols decrease micellar solubility of cholesterol in vitro and intestinal absorption of cholesterol in rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8591-8595. [PMID: 20681647 DOI: 10.1021/jf1015285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Administration of black-tea polyphenols (BTP) simultaneously reduced lymphatic recovery of both (3)H-cholesterol and (14)C-trioleoylglycerol in rats that were cannulated in the thoracic duct. BTP decreased the in vitro micellar solubility of cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner. When purified theaflavins, which are components of BTP, were used, theaflavin-monogallates (TFMGs), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF3G), and theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF3'G) were effective in eliminating cholesterol from bile salt micelles in vitro. Theaflavin (TF) and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG) had no effect on the micellar solubility of cholesterol. The concentration of bile acid in the micelles was not influenced by the addition of any BTPs or theaflavins. These results suggest that the reduction of micellar cholesterol by BTP could be important to reducing cholesterol absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Ikeda
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Department of Food Function and Health, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abdel-Majeed S, Mohammad A, Shaima AB, Mohammad R, Mousa SA. Inhibition property of green tea extract in relation to reserpine-induced ribosomal strips of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) of the rat kidney proximal tubule cells. J Toxicol Sci 2010; 34:637-45. [PMID: 19952499 DOI: 10.2131/jts.34.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of green tea in inhibiting and reversing the nephrotoxicity of reserpine--a potent oxidative stress inducer--which induced cellular kidney damage. Serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzyme levels, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and serum transaminases (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT)) values and histopathology were systematically evaluated. Reserpine exposure led to increase the oxidative stress and organ injury was significantly observed through biochemical parameters and ultrastructural evaluation. Sprague-Dawely (S.D.) rats were intraperitonealy administered reserpine to induce oxidative kidney damage. Experimental rats were given green tea extract according to the protocol given below. Sixty rats were randomly divided into six groups, with 10 rats in each group. Reserpine was found to cause kidney proximal tubule damage, such as stripping and clustering of ribosomes from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and demolishing of mitochondrial christae with elevated level of oxidative stress markers, such as TBARS. While the ultrastructural study showed a revival of kidney proximal tubule cells as a result of the administration of green tea extract to rats. We suggest that green tea might elevate antioxidant defense system, clean up free radicals, lessen oxidative damages and protect kidney against reserpine-induced toxicity and thus had a potential protective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safer Abdel-Majeed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Auger C, Kim JH, Chabert P, Chaabi M, Anselm E, Lanciaux X, Lobstein A, Schini-Kerth VB. The EGCg-induced redox-sensitive activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and relaxation are critically dependent on hydroxyl moieties. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 393:162-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
27
|
Kobayashi M, Ichitani M, Suzuki Y, Unno T, Sugawara T, Yamahira T, Kato M, Takihara T, Sagesaka Y, Kakuda T, Ikeda I. Black-tea polyphenols suppress postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia by suppressing lymphatic transport of dietary fat in rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:7131-7136. [PMID: 19722586 DOI: 10.1021/jf900855v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Administration of black-tea polyphenols (BTP) at 100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight in rats suppressed postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of BTP also suppressed lymphatic recovery of (14)C-trioleoylglycerol in rats that were cannulated in the thoracic duct. BTP dose-dependently inhibited the activity of pancreatic lipase in vitro with an IC50 of 0.254 mg/mL. When purified theaflavins, which are components of BTP, were used, theaflavins with galloyl moieties, but not those without galloyl moiety, inhibited the activity of pancreatic lipase. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG) was more effective in inhibiting the activity of pancreatic lipase than epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and a mixture of EGCG and ECG. BTP and TFDG had a similar effect in inhibiting the activity of pancreatic lipase when the total polyphenol amount was adjusted to the same. BTP had no effect on micellar solubility of hydrolysis products of triacylglycerol. These results suggest that BTP suppressed postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia by reducing triacylglycerol absorption via the inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kobayashi
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., Shizuoka 421-0516, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Al-Bloushi S, Safer AM, Afzal M, Mousa SA. Green tea modulates reserpine toxicity in animal models. J Toxicol Sci 2009; 34:77-87. [PMID: 19182437 DOI: 10.2131/jts.34.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Reserpine, a natural product extracted from Rauwolfia serpintina or Rauwolfia vomitoria, is a known dopamine depleter that inhibits several neurotransmitters. Reserpine has been used clinically to control hypertension, schizophrenia, insomnia and insanity. The use of this drug, however, has been limited because of its side effects which include oxidative damage to organs, including the liver. Green tea catechins are potent antioxidants that have the potential to counteract reserpine induced oxidative stress. This study investigated the merits of administering green tea concurrently with reserpine to prevent oxidative hepatic damage in Sprague-Dawely (SD) rats. Reserpine was found to cause hepatic damage, with elevated levels of oxidative stress markers, such as Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), transaminases and cholesterol. Reserpine also induced hepatic ultra-structural damage in the cytoplasmic membrane, nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum (rER), ribosomal stripping and mitochondria. Electron microscopy examination showed revival of liver cells as a result of green tea extract administration to experimental rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaima Al-Bloushi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969- SAFAT- State of Kuwait
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
UNNO T, OSADA C, MOTOO Y, SUZUKI Y, KOBAYASHI M, NOZAWA A. Dietary Tea Catechins Increase Fecal Energy in Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2009; 55:447-51. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.55.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
30
|
Lee MS, Kim CT, Kim IH, Kim Y. Inhibitory effects of green tea catechin on the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Phytother Res 2008; 23:1088-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
31
|
Miyamura M, Moriyama H, Murata S, Yokota J, Yoshioka S, Takuma D, Hamada A, Nishioka Y. [Inhibitory effects of "Goishi-tea" as a post-fermented-tea on dietary-induced hypercholesteremia and atherosclerosis in rabbits]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2008; 128:1037-44. [PMID: 18591872 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since lipid oxidation is involved in the deterioration of hypercholesterolemia-related atherosclerosis, ingestion of drinks and foods with antioxidant actions is useful for preventing lipid oxidation. Goishi-tea is a post-fermented-tea manufactured by a unique method in Japan, and may be useful for preventing various disorders. However, there is no scientific evidence. In this study, we compared the radical scavenging activity of goishi-tea with that of other teas, and administered this tea to a rabbit model of hypercholesteremia to evaluate its usefulness in the inhibition of hypercholesteremia and atherosclerosis. The radical scavenging activity of goishi-tea was similar to that of green-tea, and was higher than that of other types of fermented-teas. On the other hand, some difference of components was found between goishi-tea and green-tea. In cholesterol-fed rabbits, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol level in the goishi-tea-group was lower than that in the green-tea-group. Plasma lipidperoxide value was also lower in the goishi-tea-group than in the green-tea and tap-water-groups. On aortic endothelial staining, fat area in the goishi-tea-group was lower than that in the tap-water-group. Furthermore, fat accumulation in the aortic intima in the goishi-tea-group was very low. Goishi-tea has higher antioxidant activities than the other fermented-teas tested, which were generally low, and decreased serum lipid levels, suggesting that goishitea is a very peculiar fermented-tea with usefulness in the prevention of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Miyamura
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Nankoku City, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Auger C, Mullen W, Hara Y, Crozier A. Bioavailability of polyphenon E flavan-3-ols in humans with an ileostomy. J Nutr 2008; 138:1535S-1542S. [PMID: 18641203 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.8.1535s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the degree of absorption of flavan-3-ols in the small intestine, human subjects with an ileostomy ingested 200 mg of Polyphenon E, a green tea extract, after which ileal fluid and urine, collected over a 24-h period, were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection. The data obtained indicated that although approximately 40% of flavan-3-ol intake is recovered in ileal fluid, substantial quantities are absorbed in the small intestine. Moreover, 14 urinary metabolites, comprising sulfates, glucuronide, and methylated derivatives, were identified and quantified. All were metabolites of (epi)catechin or (epi)gallocatechin, representing 47 +/- 2% and 26 +/- 9%, respectively, of the ingested parent compound. These high recoveries indicate that these flavan-3-ols absorbed in the small intestine are much more bioavailable than most dietary flavonoids. No 3-O-galloylated flavan-3-ols or their metabolites were detected in urine. The absence of urinary flavan-3-ol metabolites after ingestion of 200 mg of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate indicates that there is no removal of the 3-O-galloyl group in vivo, and hence, this does not account for the high urinary recovery of (epi)gallocatechin metabolites after ingestion of Polyphenon E. Increasing the intake of Polyphenon E, by feeding doses of 200, 500, and 1500 mg, led to increased urinary excretion of (epi)catechin metabolites but not metabolites of (epi)gallocatechin. Coingestion of 200 mg of Polyphenon E with bread, cheese, or glucose did not significantly modify the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of flavan-3-ols. It does not necessarily follow, however, that the same would occur when flavan-3-ols are ingested with more complex food matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Auger
- Plant Products and Human Nutrition Group, Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ortiz J, Ferruzzi MG, Taylor LS, Mauer LJ. Interaction of environmental moisture with powdered green tea formulations: effect on catechin chemical stability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:4068-4077. [PMID: 18489105 DOI: 10.1021/jf800246s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Green tea and tea catechins must be stable in finished products to deliver health benefits; however, they may be adversely affected by tea processing/storage conditions and the presence of other components. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of storage relative humidity (RH) and addition of other ingredients on catechin stability in simulated dry beverage mixtures. Samples of green tea powder alone and mixed with sucrose, citric acid, and/or ascorbic acid were prepared and stored in desiccators at 22 degrees C and 0-85% RH for up to 3 months. Epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Formulation and the interaction of formulation and RH significantly promoted catechin degradation ( P < 0.0001). The chemical degradation of total and individual catechins in green tea powder formulations was significantly increased ( P < 0.0001) by exposure to increasing RH, and the degradation was exacerbated at > or = 58% RH by the presence of powdered citric acid and at > or = 75% RH by the presence of ascorbic acid. Catechins degraded the most in formulations containing both acids. Although catechin chemical stability was maintained at < or = 43% RH in all samples stored at 22 degrees C for 3 months, caking was observed in samples at these relative humidities. These results are the first to demonstrate that addition of other dry components to tea powders may affect catechin stability in finished dry blends and highlight the importance of considering the complex interplay between a multicomponent system and its environment for developing stable products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ortiz
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Green tea catechins are known to have hypocholesterolaemic effects in animals and human subjects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of green tea catechins on the mRNA level and promoter activity of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids, in human hepatoma cells. Real-time PCR assays showed that different catechins, ( − )-epicatechin gallate (ECG), ( − )-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), ( − )-epigallocatechin (EGC) and ( − )-epicatechin (EC), up regulated the CYP7A1 mRNA level by 5·5-, 4·2-, 2·9- and 1·9-fold, respectively, compared with the control. The − 1312/+358 bp of the CYP7A1 promoter was subcloned into the pGL3 basic vector that includes luciferase as a reporter gene. ECG or EGCG significantly increased CYP7A1 promoter activity by 6·0- or 4·0-fold, respectively, compared with the control. Also, EGCG stimulated CYP7A1 at both mRNA level and promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the expression of the CYP7A1 gene may be directly regulated by green tea catechins at the transcriptional level.
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee SM, Kim CW, Kim JK, Shin HJ, Baik JH. GCG-Rich Tea Catechins are Effective in Lowering Cholesterol and Triglyceride Concentrations in Hyperlipidemic Rats. Lipids 2008; 43:419-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
36
|
KOBAYASHI M, HAMADA T, GOTO H, IMAIZUMI K, IKEDA I. Comparison of Effects of Dietary Unesterified and Esterified Plant Sterols on Cholesterol Absorption in Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2008; 54:210-4. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.54.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
37
|
Effects of non-fermented tea extracts on in vitro digestive hydrolysis of lipids and on cholesterol precipitation. Eur Food Res Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|