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Pan Y, Yu S, Wang J, Li W, Li H, Bai C, Sheng Y, Li M, Wang C, Liu J, Xie P, Wang C, Jiang J, Li J. N-acetyl-L-tryptophan attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulating TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway in rats. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11909. [PMID: 34434653 PMCID: PMC8362669 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of TLR4/NLRP3 signal during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) and to verify whether N-acetyl-L-tryptophan (L-NAT) protected hepatocytes by regulating the activation of TLR4/NLRP3 signal. We have established the rat HIRI model and H2O2-induced cell damage model to simulate ischemia-reperfusion injury and detect the corresponding indicators. Compared with the sham group, Suzuki score and the level of serum ALT increased after HIRI, accompanied by an increased expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, TLR4, and NF-κB. While L-NAT pretreatment reversed the above-mentioned changes. Compared with the control group, cells in the H2O2 treated group became smaller in cell volume and round in shape with unclear boundaries. Similar to the phenotypes in vivo, H2O2 treatment also induced significant increase in expression of pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and IL-1β) and inflammatory factors (TLR4 and NF-κB). While L-NAT pretreatment attenuated injuries caused by H2O2. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that L-NAT alleviates HIRI by regulating activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which may be related to the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Pan
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shuna Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wanzhen Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yaxin Sheng
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Peitong Xie
- 2018 Grade 2 Glasses, Anaesthesiology Specialty, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiying Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Borbély É, Hunyady Á, Pohóczky K, Payrits M, Botz B, Mócsai A, Berger A, Szőke É, Helyes Z. Hemokinin-1 as a Mediator of Arthritis-Related Pain via Direct Activation of Primary Sensory Neurons. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:594479. [PMID: 33519457 PMCID: PMC7839295 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.594479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The tachykinin hemokinin-1 (HK-1) is involved in immune cell development and inflammation, but little is known about its function in pain. It acts through the NK1 tachykinin receptor, but several effects are mediated by a yet unidentified target. Therefore, we investigated the role and mechanism of action of HK-1 in arthritis models of distinct mechanisms with special emphasis on pain. Arthritis was induced by i.p. K/BxN serum (passive transfer of inflammatory cytokines, autoantibodies), intra-articular mast cell tryptase or Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA, active immunization) in wild type, HK-1- and NK1-deficient mice. Mechanical- and heat hyperalgesia determined by dynamic plantar esthesiometry and increasing temperature hot plate, respectively, swelling measured by plethysmometry or micrometry were significantly reduced in HK-1-deleted, but not NK1-deficient mice in all models. K/BxN serum-induced histopathological changes (day 14) were also decreased, but early myeloperoxidase activity detected by luminescent in vivo imaging increased in HK-1-deleted mice similarly to the CFA model. However, vasodilation and plasma protein extravasation determined by laser Speckle and fluorescent imaging, respectively, were not altered by HK-1 deficiency in any models. HK-1 induced Ca2+-influx in primary sensory neurons, which was also seen in NK1-deficient cells and after pertussis toxin-pretreatment, but not in extracellular Ca2+-free medium. These are the first results showing that HK-1 mediates arthritic pain and cellular, but not vascular inflammatory mechanisms, independently of NK1 activation. HK-1 activates primary sensory neurons presumably via Ca2+ channel-linked receptor. Identifying its target opens new directions to understand joint pain leading to novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Borbély
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Hunyady
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pohóczky
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Maja Payrits
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bálint Botz
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Berger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Éva Szőke
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- PharmInVivo Ltd., Pécs, Hungary
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Wang J, Yu S, Li J, Li H, Jiang H, Xiao P, Pan Y, Zheng J, Yu L, Jiang J. Protective role of N-acetyl-l-tryptophan against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via the RIP2/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:385-391. [PMID: 31184936 PMCID: PMC6566838 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1617750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Context: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a complex process observed during liver resection and transplantation. N-acetyl-l-tryptophan (l-NAT), an antagonist of neurokinin 1 receptor, has been used for the treatment of nausea and neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: This study investigates the protective effect of l-NAT against HIRI and explores the potential underlying mechanisms. Materials and methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham, I/R and I/R + l-NAT. HIRI model was generated by clamping the hepatic artery, portal vein and common bile duct with a microvascular bulldog clamp for 45 min, and then removing the clamp and allowing reperfusion for 6 h. BRL cells were exposed to 200 µM H2O2 with or without 10 µM l-NAT for 6 h. Results: After l-NAT intervention, the structure of hepatic lobules was intact, and no swelling was noted in the cells. Furthermore, cell viability was found to be significantly enhanced when compared with the controls (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of serine-threonine kinase 2 (RIP2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were significantly increased in the I/R and H2O2 groups when compared with the controls; however, these levels were significantly decreased after l-NAT intervention. Similarly, IL-1β activity and caspase-1 activity were significantly decreased in the H2O2 group when compared with the controls, after l-NAT intervention. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that l-NAT may exert a hepatoprotective role in HIRI through inhibiting RIP2/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway, which can provide evidence for l-NAT to be a potential effective drug against HIRI during clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shuna Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hongxin Jiang
- Morphology Laboratory of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Peilun Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yitong Pan
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Li Yu
- Departments of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiying Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Tsukamoto A, Ohgoda M, Haruki N, Hori M, Inomata T. The anti-inflammatory action of maropitant in a mouse model of acute pancreatitis. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:492-498. [PMID: 29343664 PMCID: PMC5880832 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). Maropitant is an NK1R antagonist that is widely used as an antiemetic in dogs and cats. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory action of maropitant in a mouse model of AP. AP was induced in BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal administration of cerulein, and maropitant was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 8 mg/kg. We assessed the mRNA expression levels of NK1R and substance P (SP) in the pancreatic tissue via real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the effect of maropitant on plasma amylase, lipase, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels was measured in each mouse. Inflammatory cell infiltration in the pancreas was assessed by myeloperoxidase (MPO) staining. Our results showed that AP induction significantly elevated the mRNA expression of SP in the pancreatic tissue. Treatment with maropitant significantly lowered plasma amylase and IL-6 levels. In addition, treatment with maropitant inhibited the infiltration of MPO-positive cells in the pancreas. The present study suggests that maropitant possesses an anti-inflammatory activity, in addition to its antiemetic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Minami Ohgoda
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Nozomi Haruki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomo Inomata
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Borbély É, Helyes Z. Role of hemokinin-1 in health and disease. Neuropeptides 2017; 64:9-17. [PMID: 27993375 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hemokinin-1 (HK-1), the newest tachykinin encoded by the Tac4 gene was discovered in 2000. Its name differs from that of the other members of this peptide family due to its first demonstration in B lymphocytes. Since tachykinins are classically found in the nervous system, the significant expression of HK-1 in blood cells is a unique feature of this peptide. Due to its widespread distribution in the whole body, HK-1 is involved in different physiological and pathophysiological functions involving pain inflammation modulation, immune regulation, respiratory and endocrine functions, as well as tumor genesis. Furthermore, despite the great structural and immunological similarities to substance P (SP), the functions of HK-1 are often different or the opposite. They both have the highest affinity to the tachykinin NK1 receptor, but HK-1 is likely to have a distinct binding site and signalling pathways. Moreover, several actions of HK-1 different from SP have been suggested to be mediated via a presently not identified own receptor/target molecule. Therefore, it is very important to explore its effects at different levels and compare its characteristics with SP to get a deeper insight in the different cellular mechanisms. Since HK-1 has recently been in the focus of intensive research, in the present review we summarize the few clinical data and experimental results regarding HK-1 expression and function in different model systems obtained throughout the 16years of its history. Synthesizing these findings help to understand the complexity of HK-1 actions and determine its biomarker values and/or drug development potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary; MTA-PTE NAP B Chronic Pain Research Group, Hungary
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Borbély É, Sándor K, Markovics A, Kemény Á, Pintér E, Szolcsányi J, Quinn JP, McDougall JJ, Helyes Z. Role of capsaicin-sensitive nerves and tachykinins in mast cell tryptase-induced inflammation of murine knees. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:725-36. [PMID: 27251170 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE, DESIGN Mast cell tryptase (MCT) is elevated in arthritic joints, but its direct effects are not known. Here, we investigated MCT-evoked acute inflammatory and nociceptive mechanisms with behavioural, in vivo imaging and immunological techniques. MATERIAL AND SUBJECTS Neurogenic inflammation involving capsaicin-sensitive afferents, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1), substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and their NK1 tachykinin receptor were studied using gene-deleted mice compared to C57Bl/6 wildtypes (n = 5-8/group). TREATMENT MCT was administered intraarticularly or topically (20 μl, 12 μg/ml). Capsaicin-sensitive afferents were defunctionalized with the TRPV1 agonist resiniferatoxin (RTX; 30-70-100 μg/kg s.c. pretreatment). METHODS Knee diameter was measured with a caliper, synovial perfusion with laser Doppler imaging, mechanonociception with aesthesiometry and weight distribution with incapacitance tester over 6 h. Cytokines and neuropeptides were determined with immunoassays. RESULTS MCT induced synovial vasodilatation, oedema, impaired weight distribution and mechanical hyperalgesia, but cytokine or neuropeptide levels were not altered at the 6-h timepoint. Hyperaemia was reduced in RTX-treated and TRPV1-deleted animals, and oedema was absent in NK1-deficient mice. Hyperalgesia was decreased in SP/NKA- and NK1-deficient mice, weight bearing impairment in RTX-pretreated, TRPV1- and NK1-deficient animals. CONCLUSIONS MCT evokes synovial hyperaemia, oedema, hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain. Capsaicin-sensitive afferents and TRPV1 receptors are essential for vasodilatation, while tachykinins mediate oedema and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Sándor
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Markovics
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kemény
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - János Szolcsányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - John P Quinn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jason J McDougall
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary. .,János Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary. .,MTA-PTE NAP B Chronic Pain Research Group, Pecs, Hungary.
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Bas DB, Su J, Wigerblad G, Svensson CI. Pain in rheumatoid arthritis: models and mechanisms. Pain Manag 2016; 6:265-84. [PMID: 27086843 DOI: 10.2217/pmt.16.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is one of the most challenging symptoms for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA-related pain is frequently considered to be solely a consequence of inflammation in the joints; however, recent studies show that multiple mechanisms are involved. Indeed, RA pain may start even before the disease manifests, and frequently does not correlate with the degree of inflammation or pharmacological management. In this aspect, animal studies have the potential to provide new insights into the pathology that initiate and maintain pain in RA. The focus of this review is to describe the most commonly used animal models for studies of RA pathology, which have also been utilized in pain research, and to summarize findings providing potential clues to the mechanisms involved in the regulation of RA-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu B Bas
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Wigerblad
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Camilla I Svensson
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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Watanabe C, Mizoguchi H, Bagetta G, Sakurada S. Involvement of spinal glutamate in nociceptive behavior induced by intrathecal administration of hemokinin-1 in mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 617:236-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Martinez AN, Ramesh G, Jacobs MB, Philipp MT. Antagonist of the neurokinin-1 receptor curbs neuroinflammation in ex vivo and in vitro models of Lyme neuroborreliosis. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:243. [PMID: 26714480 PMCID: PMC4696197 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) can affect both the peripheral (PNS) and the central nervous systems (CNS); it is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. The neuropeptide substance P (SP) is an important mediator of both neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, through its NK1 receptor. Increased levels of SP have been shown to correlate with cell death. The present study used both ex vivo and in vitro models of experimentation to determine if the inflammatory mediator production and concomitant cell death caused by exposure of neural tissues and cells to B. burgdorferi could be attenuated by treatment with a NK1 receptor antagonist. Methods We incubated normal rhesus frontal cortex tissue explants (CNS) and primary cultures of rhesus dorsal root ganglia cells (PNS) with live B. burgdorferi and tested the effectiveness of the NK1 receptor antagonist L703,606 in attenuating inflammatory immune responses and neuronal and glial damage. Culture supernatants and tissue lysates were subjected to multiplex ELISA to quantify immune mediators, while the cells were evaluated for apoptosis by the in situ TUNEL assay. In addition, we identified immune mediators and producer cells in tissue sections by immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. Results Co-incubation of both CNS tissues and PNS cells with the NK1 receptor antagonist attenuated bacterially induced increases in inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, particularly, IL-6, CXCL8, and CCL2, and reduced apoptosis levels. Confocal microscopy confirmed that neurons and glial cells are sources of these immune mediators. These results suggest that NK1R antagonist treatment is able to reduce downstream pro-inflammatory signaling, thereby indicating that its systemic administration may slow disease progression. Conclusions We propose that SP contributes to neurogenic inflammation in LNB, and provide data to suggest that an NK1 receptor antagonist may represent a novel neuroprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra N Martinez
- Division of Bacteriology & Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.
| | - Geeta Ramesh
- Division of Bacteriology & Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.
| | - Mary B Jacobs
- Division of Bacteriology & Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.
| | - Mario T Philipp
- Division of Bacteriology & Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Li W, Fotinos A, Wu Q, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Baranov S, Tu Y, Zhou EW, Sinha B, Kristal BS, Wang X. N-acetyl-l-tryptophan delays disease onset and extends survival in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis transgenic mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 80:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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12
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Pintér E, Pozsgai G, Hajna Z, Helyes Z, Szolcsányi J. Neuropeptide receptors as potential drug targets in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 77:5-20. [PMID: 23432438 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems exists via regulator molecules, such as neuropeptides, hormones and cytokines. A number of neuropeptides have been implicated in the genesis of inflammation, such as tachykinins and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Development of their receptor antagonists could be a promising approach to anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy. Anti-inflammatory neuropeptides, such as vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, urocortin, adrenomedullin, somatostatin, cortistatin, ghrelin, galanin and opioid peptides, are also released and act on their own receptors on the neurons as well as on different inflammatory and immune cells. The aim of the present review is to summarize the most prominent data of preclinical animal studies concerning the main pharmacological effects of ligands acting on the neuropeptide receptors. Promising therapeutic impacts of these compounds as potential candidates for the development of novel types of anti-inflammatory drugs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
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Wang H, Zheng XF, Zhang X, Li Z, Shen C, Zhu JF, Cui YM, Chen XD. Increasing substance P levels in serum and synovial tissues from patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:92. [PMID: 24642234 PMCID: PMC3995111 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tachykininergic neurotransmitters have been proved to be involved in the inflammatory progress and chronic pain in series of disease. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the levels of substance P (SP) and its receptors NK-1 receptor (NK-1R) in both serum and synovial tissues of hip joint from patients with different stages of DDH, and to detect the possible correlation of serum SP levels with pain sensation and dysfunction of the hip joint. METHODS SP levels in serum and synovial tissues from patients with DDH and DDH combined with osteoarthritis (DDH&OA) group were compared through immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, and 2-step acetic acid extraction method respectively. Expression of NK-1R in synovial tissues was compared through IHC, quantitive Real-Time PCR (QRT-PCR) and Western-Blot. The severities of pain sensation and the functional activities of hip joint were assessed by Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Harris hip score (HHS). Correlations of serum SP levels with VAS, HHS and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were evaluated respectively in these groups. RESULTS Significantly elevated serum SP levels were detected in group of DDH and DDH&OA compared to that in normal group. IHC, QRT-PCR as well as tissue Elisa showed that SP levels in synovial tissue of DDH&OA group is stronger than that in DDH group. Serum SP levels in each group have no gender differences. The enhanced SP levels in synovial tissue mainly came from the segregation of peripheral nerve endings. Serum SP correlated with VAS and HHS in patients with DDH&OA (Male + Female). Serum SP correlated with HHS in patients with DDH (Male). Serum SP levels also correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in patients with DDH&OA (Male + Female). Up-regulated expression of NK-1R was also observed in synovial tissue of patients with DDH&OA compared to patients with DDH, through western-blot, IHC, and QRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that the increasing SP levels in serum and synovial tissues, observed from patients with DDH to patients with DDH&OA, might associate with the loss of function and chronic pain sensation in hip joint. SP along with its receptors NK-1R might be involved in the progression of DDH into DDH&OA. In the future, inhibitors of SP as well as NK-1R may represent a novel pharmacotherapy target for pain relieving, inflammation alleviating and joint degeneration delaying for patients with DDH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road, No,1665, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
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