1
|
Wultsch G, Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Fenech M, Eibensteiner F, Mišík M, Krupitza G, Ferk F, Knasmüller S. Use of micronucleus cytome assays with buccal cells for the detection of genotoxic effects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of occupational exposures to metals. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 794:108510. [PMID: 39004337 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2024.108510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) assays with buccal cells are at present widely used to investigate occupational exposures to genotoxic carcinogens. This article describes their use for the monitoring of metal exposed workers. We found in total 73 relevant articles, in the majority (97 %) increased MN and/or other nuclear anomalies were reported. Most studies were realized in South East Asia and South America. A variety of different occupations was studied including welders, electroplaters, painters, workers in battery recycling and production, tannery workers, dental technicians, miners, workers in foundries and smelters, and also subjects working in waste recycling, glass, aluminum and steel production. In many investigations the effects increased with the duration of the working period. The quality of individual studies was evaluated with a quality score tool. The number of cells was in most studies sufficient and DNA-specific stains were used. However, many studies have shortcomings, e.g. they focused solely on MN formation and did not evaluate anomalies, which provide additional information about the stability of the genetic material and acute cytotoxic effects. Only 35 % of the investigations contain quantitative information about exposures to metals and other toxicants. In 6 of these studies, correlations were observed between the concentrations of specific metals (As, Pb, Cr, Cd) in body fluids and MN frequencies. Taken together, the available data indicate that the MN assay can be used to detect chromosomal damage in metal exposed groups; furthermore, it enables also comparisons between subgroups differing in regard to their exposure and allows an estimation of the efficiency of protective measures. The exposure of workers to metals is currently controlled with chemical analytical measurements only, MN assays with buccal cells could contribute to further improve the safety at workplaces as they reflect the biological consequences including synergistic and antagonistic interactions between toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Florian Eibensteiner
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang L, Aurisano N, Fantke P, Dissanayake A, Edirisinghe LGLM, Jolliet O. Near-field exposures and human health impacts for organic chemicals in interior paints: A high-throughput screening. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133145. [PMID: 38154180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Interior paints contain organic chemicals that might be harmful to painters and building residents. This study aims to develop a high-throughput approach to screen near-field human exposures and health impacts related to organic chemicals in interior paints. We developed mass balance models for both water- and solvent-based paints, predicting emissions during wet and dry phases. We then screened exposures and risks, focusing on Sri Lanka where residential houses are frequently repainted. These models accurately predict paint drying time and indoor air concentrations of organic chemicals. Exposures of both painter and household resident were estimated for 65 organic chemicals in water-based and 26 in solvent-based paints, considering 12 solvents. Chemicals of concerns (CoCs) were identified, and maximum acceptable chemical contents (MACs) were calculated. Water-based paints generally pose lower health risks than solvent-based paints but might contain biocides of high concern. The total human health impact of one painting event on all household adults ranges from 1.5 × 10-3 to 2.1 × 10-2 DALYs for solvent-based paints, and from 4.1 × 10-4 to 9.5 × 10-3 DALYs for water-based paints. The present approach is a promising way to support the formulation of safer paint, and is integrated in the USEtox scientific consensus model for use in life cycle assessment, chemical substitution and risk screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicolò Aurisano
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Olivier Jolliet
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boonhat H, Pratama AP, Lin JT, Lin RT. Duration-response association between occupational exposure and pancreatic cancer risk: meta-analysis. Occup Med (Lond) 2023; 73:211-218. [PMID: 37101416 PMCID: PMC10195200 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is lacking on the occupational exposure time window to chemical agents related to pancreatic cancer risk. AIMS This study performed meta-regression and meta-analysis to examine the dose-response association between occupational exposure duration to chemical agents and pancreatic cancer risk. METHODS We searched and reviewed studies on exposure duration and pancreatic cancer in five databases (Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science) from inception to 16 May 2022. Exposure refers to the years a worker was exposed to any chemical agent, and outcome variables were pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality. RESULTS We identified 31 studies, including 288 389 participants. In the meta-regression, the positive dose-response association indicated pancreatic cancer risk increased slightly with every additional year of exposure duration (slope = 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.02). Pancreatic cancer risk increased with an exposure duration of 1-10 (relative risk [RR] = 1.04; 95% CI 1.02-1.06), 11-20 (RR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.05-1.16), and 21-30 years (RR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.12-1.73). CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic cancer risk increased as occupational exposure duration increased, with an exposure time window ranging from 1 to 30 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Boonhat
- Graduate Institute of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - A P Pratama
- Graduate Institute of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - J-T Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - R-T Lin
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
On the Role of Atmospheric Weathering on Paint Dust Aerosol Generated by Mechanical Abrasion of TiO 2 Containing Paints. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031265. [PMID: 35162289 PMCID: PMC8834889 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the introduction and use of new nanomaterials in construction has increased at a rapid rate. Exterior surface paints have been a product that have had these nanomaterials added to them. In this study, the effects of natural weathering and exposure to atmospheric agents was examined to determine the detrimental effects on outdoor paint that has been created with nanomaterials. Data collected over the course of the yearlong study indicate that the nanoparticles of the titanium dioxide were eliminated rapidly. Further testing indicated that various elements of weathering were affecting the physical integrity of the paint. The weathering agents that appeared to have the greatest effect on the samples were acid deposition and total precipitation. There was a strong association between carbon monoxide and the effects on the panels. These results can lead to new plans for assessments involving the synergistic effects of all weathering agents.
Collapse
|
5
|
Guimarães RM, Dutra VGP, Ayres ARG, Garbin HBDR, Martins TCDF, Meira KC. Exposição ocupacional e câncer: uma revisão guarda-chuva. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-6369/37620pt2022v47e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo: fornecer uma visão geral das associações entre exposição ocupacional e risco da ocorrência ou morte por câncer. Métodos: esta revisão guarda-chuva da literatura utilizou as bases Medline e Web of Science. A partir de protocolo de busca, foram incluídas metanálises para diversas circunstâncias ocupacionais e cânceres selecionados que possuíssem algum nível de evidência para associação com ocupação. Resultados: foram incluídas 37 metanálises, abrangendo 18 localizações de câncer. Considerando a avaliação da heterogeneidade dos estudos, da qualidade da evidência e da força de associação, obteve-se evidências altamente sugestivas de associações entre exposição a solvente e mieloma múltiplo; amianto e câncer de pulmão; hidrocarbonetos e câncer de trato aerodigestivo superior; e estresse ocupacional e câncer colorretal. Conclusão: há evidências robustas para associar exposições ocupacionais e tipos de câncer não previstos, inicialmente, nas orientações de vigilância do câncer relacionado ao trabalho no Brasil. Permanecem lacunas sobre exposições de grande relevância, que carecem de metanálises mais consistentes, por exemplo, exposição a poeiras inorgânicas e câncer de pulmão e mesotelioma; exposição a solventes e tumores hematológicos. Evidências de câncer em outras regiões anatômicas foram menos robustas, apresentando indícios de incerteza ou viés.
Collapse
|
6
|
Guimarães RM, Dutra VGP, Ayres ARG, Garbin HBDR, Martins TCDF, Meira KC. Occupational exposure and cancer: an umbrella review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-6369/37620en2022v47e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective: to provide an overview of the associations between occupational exposure and risk of occurrence or death from cancer. Methods: this umbrella review used the Medline and Web of Science databases. Based on the search protocol, meta-analysis was included for several occupational circumstances and selected cancers that had some level of evidence associated with the occupation. Results: 37 meta-analysis were included, covering 18 cancer locations. By assessing the heterogeneity of studies, quality of evidence, and strength of association, results highly indicated associations between solvent exposure and multiple myeloma, asbestos and lung cancer, hydrocarbons and upper aerodigestive tract cancer, occupational stress and colorectal cancer. Conclusion: robust evidence shows an association between occupational exposures and types of cancer not initially foreseen in the guidelines for work-related cancer surveillance in Brazil. Gaps in relevant exposures require further research and more consistent meta-analysis, including: exposure to inorganic dust and lung cancer and mesothelioma; solvents and hematological tumors. Evidence of cancer in other anatomical regions was less robust, showing signs of uncertainty or bias.
Collapse
|
7
|
Marant Micallef C, Paul A, Charvat H, Vignat J, Houot M, Pilorget C, Straif K, El Yamani M, Soerjomataram I. An innovative method to estimate lifetime prevalence of carcinogenic occupational circumstances: the example of painters and workers of the rubber manufacturing industry in France. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:769-776. [PMID: 33144638 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-00272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing methods to estimate lifetime exposure to occupational carcinogenic agents could be improved. OBJECTIVE We propose a new method to estimate the lifetime prevalence of exposure to occupational carcinogens using the example of painters and workers of the rubber industry in France. METHODS From census, we calculated the proportion of painters and rubber industry workers using predefined occupational codes related to each occupation by sex and 10-year age group in 1982, 1990, 1999, 2007, and 2013. Using a beta-regression model, we obtained the yearly prevalence of exposure by 10-year age group over the period 1967-2007. We estimated the age- and sex-specific lifetime prevalence of exposure of the population in 2017 over 1967-2007, summing up the estimated prevalence of exposure for years 1967, 1977, 1987, 1997, and 2007 combined with a sex- and age-specific turnover factor. Corresponding population-attributable fractions were estimated for lung and bladder cancers in 2017. RESULTS In 2017, we estimated that 5.6 and 0.2% of men in France had ever worked as a painter or in the rubber industry, respectively, during their working time. The lifetime prevalence of ever having worked as a painter or in the rubber industry was much lower in women: 1.8% and 0.1%, respectively. We estimated that 950 lung cancer and 40 bladder cancer cases were attributable to these occupations in 2017. SIGNIFICANCE Based on accurate data and taking into account evolution of specific jobs over time, the proposed method provides good estimates of lifetime prevalence of exposure to occupational carcinogens. It could be applied in any other country with similar data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Marant Micallef
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Adèle Paul
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Vignat
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Houot
- French National Public Health Agency, Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Corinne Pilorget
- French National Public Health Agency, Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
- University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, IFSTTAR, UMRESTTE, UMR T_9405, Lyon, France
| | - Kurt Straif
- Section of Evidence Synthesis and Classification, Monographs Group (retired), International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mounia El Yamani
- French National Public Health Agency, Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Batais M, Almigbal T, Alotaibi K, Alodhayani A, Alkhushail A, Altheaby A, Alhantoushi M, Alsaad S, Dalbhi SA, Alghamdi Y. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and risk of lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25714. [PMID: 33907158 PMCID: PMC8084080 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether a consistent relationship exists between the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and the risk of lung cancer. Accordingly, we summarized and reviewed previously published quantitative studies. METHODS Eligible studies with reference lists published before June 1st, 2019 were obtained from searching several databases. Random effects' models were used to summarize the overall estimate of the multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Thirteen observational studies involving 458,686 ACEI users were included in the analysis, Overall, pooled risk ratios indicate that ACEIs use was not a risk factor for lung cancer (RR 0.982, 95% C.I. 0.873 - 1.104; P = .76). There was significant heterogeneity between the studies (Q = 52.54; P < .001; I2 = 86.07). There was no significant association between ACEIs use and lung cancer in studies with over five years of ACEIs exposure (RR 0.95, 95% C.I. 0.75 - 1.20; P = .70); and ≤ 5years of exposure to ACEIs (RR 0.98, 95% C.I. 0.83 - 1.15; P = .77). There were no statistically significant differences in the pooled risk ratio obtained according to the study design (Q = 0.65; P = .723) and the comparator regimen (Q = 3.37; P = .19). CONCLUSIONS The use of ACEIs was not associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Nevertheless, well-designed observational studies with different ethnic populations are still needed to evaluate the long-term (over 10 years) association between ACEIs use and lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Batais
- King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University
| | - Turky Almigbal
- King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Saad Alsaad
- King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University
| | | | - Yasser Alghamdi
- Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guha N, Bouaoun L, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R, Brüning T, Behrens T, Peters S, Luzon V, Siemiatycki J, Xu M, Kendzia B, Guenel P, Luce D, Karrasch S, Wichmann HE, Consonni D, Landi MT, Caporaso NE, Gustavsson P, Plato N, Merletti F, Mirabelli D, Richiardi L, Jöckel KH, Ahrens W, Pohlabeln H, Tse LA, Yu ITS, Tardón A, Boffetta P, Zaridze D, 't Mannetje A, Pearce N, Davies MPA, Lissowska J, Świątkowska B, McLaughlin J, Demers PA, Bencko V, Foretova L, Janout V, Pándics T, Fabianova E, Mates D, Forastiere F, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Schüz J, Straif K, Olsson A. Lung cancer risk in painters: results from the SYNERGY pooled case-control study consortium. Occup Environ Med 2021; 78:269-278. [PMID: 33115922 PMCID: PMC7958079 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the risk of lung cancer associated with ever working as a painter, duration of employment and type of painter by histological subtype as well as joint effects with smoking, within the SYNERGY project. METHODS Data were pooled from 16 participating case-control studies conducted internationally. Detailed individual occupational and smoking histories were available for 19 369 lung cancer cases (684 ever employed as painters) and 23 674 age-matched and sex-matched controls (532 painters). Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, centre, cigarette pack-years, time-since-smoking cessation and lifetime work in other jobs that entailed exposure to lung carcinogens. RESULTS Ever having worked as a painter was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in men (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.50). The association was strongest for construction and repair painters and the risk was elevated for all histological subtypes, although more evident for small cell and squamous cell lung cancer than for adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. There was evidence of interaction on the additive scale between smoking and employment as a painter (relative excess risk due to interaction >0). CONCLUSIONS Our results by type/industry of painter may aid future identification of causative agents or exposure scenarios to develop evidence-based practices for reducing harmful exposures in painters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neela Guha
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California, USA
| | | | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Behrens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Susan Peters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jack Siemiatycki
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mengting Xu
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Kendzia
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Pascal Guenel
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Exposome and Heredity team, Inserm U1018, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Danièle Luce
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Stefan Karrasch
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munchen, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Erich Wichmann
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik Biometrie Epidemiologie, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Per Gustavsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils Plato
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franco Merletti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Mirabelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Institute of Statistics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hermann Pohlabeln
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lap Ah Tse
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ignatius Tak-Sun Yu
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Department of Public Health, University of Oviedo, ISPA and CIBERESP, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David Zaridze
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, N.N. Blokhin National Research Centre of Oncology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrea 't Mannetje
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Neil Pearce
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Michael P A Davies
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool. Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Świątkowska
- Health Capital School; Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - John McLaughlin
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul A Demers
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir Bencko
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Jihomoravský, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Eleonora Fabianova
- Occupational Health and Toxicology, Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
- Faculty of Health, Catholic University, Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Former senior scientist, Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Kurt Straif
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ann Olsson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lorenzo-González M, Ruano-Ravina A, Torres-Durán M, Provencio-Pulla M, Kelsey K, Parente-Lamelas I, Vidal-García I, Leiro-Fernández V, Martínez C, Hernández J, Castro-Añón O, García-García S, Sales-Fidalgo P, Abal-Arca J, Montero-Martínez C, Pérez-Ríos M, Fernández-Villar A, Barros-Dios JM. Lung cancer risk and do-it-yourself activities. A neglected risk factor for lung cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108812. [PMID: 31698297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between do-it-yourself activities entailing the exposure to carcinogenic substances and the risk of lung cancer. METHODS We pooled individual data from different case-control studies conducted in Northwestern Spain which investigated residential radon and lung cancer. Cases had an anatomopathologically confirmed primary lung cancer and controls were selected at the pre-surgery unit with uncomplicated surgeries. Both cases and controls were older than 30 years with no previous cancer history. All participants were interviewed face-to-face using a specific questionnaire. Painting, model building, furniture refinishing and woodworking or home carpentry were the do-it-yourself activities considered risky due to exposure to carcinogenic agents. RESULTS We included 1528 cases and 1457 controls. Practicing do-it-yourself risk activities was more frequent among cases: 16.0% were exposed to carcinogenic exposures during leisure time, compared to 11.8% for controls. The overall adjusted OR for lung cancer risk among individuals who practiced do-it-yourself risk activities, was 1.77 (95% CI: 1.36-2.31); this was 2.17 (95% CI: 1.51-3.11) when the analysis was restricted to individuals who performed these activities for at least 10 years. These risks were greater when the analyses were carried out exclusively among never-smokers, with the respective ORs being 2.04 (95% CI: 1.38-3.01) and 3.10 (95% CI: 1.78-5.40). CONCLUSION These results support the hypothesis that do-it-yourself activities involving exposure to certain carcinogens are associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, both in ever and never-smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Lorenzo-González
- Service of Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Complex of Ourense, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Ruano-Ravina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Spain.
| | | | | | - Karl Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, USA
| | | | - Iria Vidal-García
- Service of Neumology, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Martínez
- National Institute of Silicosis, University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Hernández
- Service of Neumology, University Hospital Complex of Ávila, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José Abal-Arca
- Service of Neumology, University Hospital Complex of Ourense, Spain
| | | | - Mónica Pérez-Ríos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Spain
| | | | - Juan Miguel Barros-Dios
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Spain; Service of Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lorenzo-González M, Torres-Durán M, Barbosa-Lorenzo R, Provencio-Pulla M, Barros-Dios JM, Ruano-Ravina A. Radon exposure: a major cause of lung cancer. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 13:839-850. [DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1645599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Lorenzo-González
- Service of Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Complex of Ourense, Ourense, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan Miguel Barros-Dios
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- 5CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Service of Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Ruano-Ravina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- 5CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Labrèche F, Kim J, Song C, Pahwa M, Ge CB, Arrandale VH, McLeod CB, Peters CE, Lavoué J, Davies HW, Nicol AM, Demers PA. The current burden of cancer attributable to occupational exposures in Canada. Prev Med 2019; 122:128-139. [PMID: 31078166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to occupational carcinogens is often overlooked as a contributor to the burden of cancer. To estimate the proportion of cancer cases attributable to occupational exposure in Canada in 2011, exposure prevalence and levels of 44 carcinogens were informed by data from the Canadian carcinogen exposure surveillance project (CAREX Canada). These were used with Canadian Census (between 1961 and 2011) and Labour Force Survey (annual surveys between 1976 and 2013) data to estimate the number of workers ever exposed to occupational carcinogens. Risk estimates of the association between each carcinogen and cancer site were selected mainly from published literature reviews. Population attributable risks were estimated using Levin's equation and applied to the 2011 cancer statistics from the Canadian Cancer Registry. It is estimated that 15.5 million Canadians alive in 2011 were exposed, during at least one year between 1961 and 2001, to at least one carcinogen in the workplace. Overall, we estimated that in 2011, between 3.9% (95% CI: 3.1%-8.1%) and 4.2% (95% CI: 3.3%-8.7%) of all incident cases of cancer were due to occupational exposure, corresponding to lower and upper numbers of 7700-21,800 cases. Five of the cancer sites - mesothelioma, non-melanoma skin cancer, lung, female breast, and urinary bladder - account for a total of 7600 to 21,200 cancers attributable to occupational exposures such as solar radiation, asbestos, diesel engine exhaust, crystalline silica, and night shift work. Our study highlights cancer sites and occupational exposures that need recognition and efforts by all stakeholders to avoid preventable cancers in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- France Labrèche
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Montréal, Québec, Canada; School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Joanne Kim
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre (OCRC), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chaojie Song
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre (OCRC), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manisha Pahwa
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre (OCRC), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Calvin B Ge
- CAREX Canada, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Victoria H Arrandale
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre (OCRC), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher B McLeod
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl E Peters
- CAREX Canada, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jérôme Lavoué
- School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hugh W Davies
- CAREX Canada, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Nicol
- CAREX Canada, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul A Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre (OCRC), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Suh M, Wikoff D, Lipworth L, Goodman M, Fitch S, Mittal L, Ring C, Proctor D. Hexavalent chromium and stomach cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:140-159. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1578730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Suh
- ToxStrategies, Inc, Mission Viejo, CA, USA
| | | | - Loren Lipworth
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Goodman
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
While lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for many years in the United States, incidence and mortality statistics - among other measures - vary widely worldwide. The aim of this study was to review the evidence on lung cancer epidemiology, including data of international scope with comparisons of economically, socially, and biologically different patient groups. In industrialized nations, evolving social and cultural smoking patterns have led to rising or plateauing rates of lung cancer in women, lagging the long-declining smoking and cancer incidence rates in men. In contrast, emerging economies vary widely in smoking practices and cancer incidence but commonly also harbor risks from environmental exposures, particularly widespread air pollution. Recent research has also revealed clinical, radiologic, and pathologic correlates, leading to greater knowledge in molecular profiling and targeted therapeutics, as well as an emphasis on the rising incidence of adenocarcinoma histology. Furthermore, emergent evidence about the benefits of lung cancer screening has led to efforts to identify high-risk smokers and development of prediction tools. This review also includes a discussion on the epidemiologic characteristics of special groups including women and nonsmokers. Varying trends in smoking largely dictate international patterns in lung cancer incidence and mortality. With declining smoking rates in developed countries and knowledge gains made through molecular profiling of tumors, the emergence of new risk factors and disease features will lead to changes in the landscape of lung cancer epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Barta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - Charles A. Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, US
| | - Juan P. Wisnivesky
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, US
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, US
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rotshild V, Azoulay L, Zarifeh M, Masarwa R, Hirsh-Raccah B, Perlman A, Muszkat M, Matok I. The Risk for Lung Cancer Incidence with Calcium Channel Blockers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Drug Saf 2018; 41:555-564. [PMID: 29484611 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are conflicting findings regarding the association between the use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and the risk of lung cancer. Considering the public health importance of lung cancer prevention, and emerging evidence of a significant biologic role of calcium channel regulation in the development of lung cancer, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the risk of lung cancer in CCB users compared with non-CCB users. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a comprehensive systematic search of leading medical databases for observational studies published up to December 2017 that examined CCB use and the risk of lung cancer. We used random-effects models to pool results. The impact of duration of CCB use on the estimated effect size was explored using random effects meta-regression. RESULTS Ten studies (six cohort and four case-control studies) that evaluated the overall cancer risk among 38,758 CCB users were included in the analysis. Overall risk ratio (RR) for CCB use and lung cancer was 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.32). Subgroup analysis by duration of CCB use suggested that the observed increase in lung cancer risk was driven by the results of five studies with prolonged (≥ 4 years) exposure (RR 1.18; 95% CI 1.08-1.30). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests exposure to CCBs is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Considering their widespread use, and the paucity of data on the long-term effects of chronic exposure to CCBs, these results are reason for concern and warrant further investigation. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION The protocol for this study was registered at the PROSPERO registry of systematic reviews (registry number: CRD42017056362).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rotshild
- Pharmacoepidemiology Research Lab, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B 12065, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Laurent Azoulay
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Majd Zarifeh
- Hadassah Braun School of Public and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reem Masarwa
- Pharmacoepidemiology Research Lab, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B 12065, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bruria Hirsh-Raccah
- Pharmacoepidemiology Research Lab, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B 12065, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amichai Perlman
- Pharmacoepidemiology Research Lab, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B 12065, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mordechai Muszkat
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ilan Matok
- Pharmacoepidemiology Research Lab, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B 12065, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nored AW, Chalbot MCG, Kavouras IG. Characterization of paint dust aerosol generated from mechanical abrasion of TiO 2-containing paints. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2018; 15:629-640. [PMID: 29856686 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2018.1484126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the potential for release of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in paint dust. The coatings aerosol resuspension system was developed and used for testing the generation and physical, chemical, and morphological properties of paint dust particles from mechanical abrasion (i.e., sanding) of coated wood surfaces. The paint dust emissions from bare and coated wood surfaces with multiple coatings using variable sandpaper grits were evaluated. Substantially higher particle number concentrations were measured for paint dust containing particles in the nano range (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 100 nm) than those measured for wood dust. The variability of particle number concentration and size distribution of paint dust derived under different conditions indicated that considerable quantities of nanoparticles might be released from mechanical abrasion of painted surfaces that may induce unhealthy exposure conditions. Moreover, spectroscopic and microscopic analysis identified the presence of paint and wood components in paint dust, including titanium dioxide agglomerates that were originally embedded in the paint. The agglomerates were mostly attached to particles with sizes <100 nm, enabling them to potentially penetrate into the lower respiratory tract. These results demonstrated that the paint dust exposure generation system can provide qualitative and quantitative information on particle emissions and the abundance of nanoparticles from paint sanding in realistic conditions and they may be used to assess occupational and environmental exposures and risks. Furthermore, the prevalence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in paint dust highlights the potential for exposures of painters and other occupational groups to hazardous paint dust and the need for protective devices and strategies aiming to reduce exposures to nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Nored
- a Interdisciplinary Engineering Program , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama
| | | | - Ilias G Kavouras
- c Department of Environmental, Occupational and Geospatial Health Sciences , City University of New York , New York , New York
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Marant Micallef C, Shield KD, Baldi I, Charbotel B, Fervers B, Gilg Soit Ilg A, Guénel P, Olsson A, Rushton L, Hutchings SJ, Straif K, Soerjomataram I. Occupational exposures and cancer: a review of agents and relative risk estimates. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:604-614. [PMID: 29735747 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The contribution of occupational exposures to the cancer burden can be estimated using population-attributable fractions, which is of great importance for policy making. This paper reviews occupational carcinogens, and presents the most relevant risk relations to cancer in high-income countries using France as an example, to provide a framework for national estimation of cancer burden attributable to occupational exposure. METHODS Occupational exposures that should be included in cancer burden studies were evaluated using multiple criteria: classified as carcinogenic or probably carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs volumes 1-114, being a primary occupational exposure, historical and current presence of the exposure in France and the availability of exposure and risk relation data. Relative risk estimates were obtained from published systematic reviews and from the IARC Monographs. RESULTS Of the 118 group 1 and 75 group 2A carcinogens, 37 exposures and 73 exposure-cancer site pairs were relevant. Lung cancer was associated with the most occupational carcinogenic exposures (namely, 18), followed by bladder cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ionising radiation was associated with the highest number of cancer sites (namely, 20), followed by asbestos and working in the rubber manufacturing industry. Asbestos, bis(chloromethyl)ether, nickel and wood dust had the strongest effect on cancer, with relative risks above 5. CONCLUSIONS A large number of occupational exposures continues to impact the burden of cancer in high-income countries such as France. Information on types of exposures, affected jobs, industries and cancer sites affected is key for prioritising policy and prevention initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Marant Micallef
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Kevin David Shield
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Equipe Santé Environnement, Centre de recherche INSERM U 897, Bordeaux, France
| | - Barbara Charbotel
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, Service des maladies professionnelles, Hospices Civils de Lyon, UMRESTTE, UMR_T9405, Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Département Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pascal Guénel
- Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Cancer and Environment team, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Ann Olsson
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinksa Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lesley Rushton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sally J Hutchings
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kurt Straif
- Section of Evidence Synthesis and Classification, International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hsu DJ, Chung SH, Dong JF, Shih HC, Chang HB, Chien YC. Water-Based Automobile Paints Potentially Reduce the Exposure of Refinish Painters to Toxic Metals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E899. [PMID: 29751490 PMCID: PMC5981938 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to lead-containing dusts is a global public health concern. This work addresses an important issue of whether eco-friendly water-based paints reduce the exposure potential of auto-repainting workers to metals. With this aim, metal levels in automobile paints and worker metal exposure were measured using both solvent- and water-based paints. The levels of metals, and particularly Pb, Cr (total), Fe, and Cu, in solvent-based paints varied greatly among colors and brands. Lead concentrations ranged from below the detection limit (~0.25 μg/g) to 107,928 μg/g (dry film) across all samples. In water-based paints, the concentrations of Pb and Cr (total) were generally two to three orders of magnitude lower, but the concentrations of Al and Cu exceeded those in some solvent-based paints. The personal short-term exposure of workers who applied water-based paints of popular colors, such as black and white, were generally low, with Pb levels of less than <4 µg/m³ and Cr (total) levels of less than 1 µg/m³. Conversely, mean short-term exposure to Pb during the painting of a yellow cab using solvent-based paints were 2028 µg/m³, which was ~14 times the Taiwan short-term permissible exposure limit, while the mean level of exposure to Cr (total) was 290 µg/m³, which was well below the exposure limit. This study demonstrates that water-based paints reduce the exposure potential to lead, and highlights the importance of source control in limiting the toxic metals in paints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Der-Jen Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiun 824, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Hui Chung
- Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, New Taipei City 221, Taiwan.
| | - Jie-Feng Dong
- Graduate Master Program in Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 640, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Chung Shih
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University of Science and Technology, Shalu 433, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Bin Chang
- Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, New Taipei City 221, Taiwan.
| | - Yeh-Chung Chien
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 640, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Porru S, Carta A, Toninelli E, Bozzola G, Arici C. Reducing the underreporting of lung cancer attributable to occupation: outcomes from a hospital-based systematic search in Northern Italy. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89:981-9. [PMID: 27137812 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-016-1135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Occupational exposure to lung carcinogens is and was common in workplaces. 5-25 % of lung cancers (LCs) could be causally attributable to occupation; however, LC underreporting and undercompensation are widespread, with remarkable tolls paid by individuals and society. This work aims to: describe an ongoing hospital-based systematic search (SS) of occupational LC; improve aetiological diagnosis; increase number and quality of LC notifications. METHODS Through a short form, physicians at a public hospital referred incident LC to the Occupational Health Unit (OHU). Only patients selected through the form were interviewed; a personal, occupational and clinical history was collected; reports were sent to the ward and Local Health Authority, with aetiological diagnosis criteria and probability of causation. RESULTS From 1998 to 2013, 3274 cases of LC were notified to the OHU; prior to the system, just couple of dozens were assessed. A total of 1522 patients were fully interviewed; in 395 cases, causation was attributed to occupation (26 % of interviewed patients); all were notified to authorities, as compared to the handful reported before the system was adopted. Main aetiological agents were silica, asbestos, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, truck driving, painting, multiple exposures. Compensation rate was remarkable (39 %). CONCLUSIONS Through SS, many occupational LCs were found that otherwise would have been lost. Aetiological diagnosis proved to be rich of scientific advantages and practical implications, with attention to equity and social aspects. SS was easy, accountable and fostered multidisciplinary collaboration among medical specialties, significantly reducing underreporting and undercompensation of occupational LC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Porru
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Angela Carta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Toninelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giordano Bozzola
- Division of Pneumology, Spedali Civili of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Arici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Linet MS, Yin SN, Gilbert ES, Dores GM, Hayes RB, Vermeulen R, Tian HY, Lan Q, Portengen L, Ji BT, Li GL, Rothman N. A retrospective cohort study of cause-specific mortality and incidence of hematopoietic malignancies in Chinese benzene-exposed workers. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2184-97. [PMID: 25944549 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Benzene exposure has been causally linked with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but inconsistently associated with other hematopoietic, lymphoproliferative and related disorders (HLD) or solid tumors in humans. Many neoplasms have been described in experimental animals exposed to benzene. We used Poisson regression to estimate adjusted relative risks (RR) and the likelihood ratio statistic to derive confidence intervals for cause-specific mortality and HLD incidence in 73,789 benzene-exposed compared with 34,504 unexposed workers in a retrospective cohort study in 12 cities in China. Follow-up and outcome assessment was based on factory, medical and other records. Benzene-exposed workers experienced increased risks for all-cause mortality (RR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.1, 1.2) due to excesses of all neoplasms (RR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2, 1.4), respiratory diseases (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2, 2.3) and diseases of blood forming organs (RR = ∞, 95% CI = 3.4, ∞). Lung cancer mortality was significantly elevated (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2, 1.9) with similar RRs for males and females, based on three-fold more cases than in our previous follow-up. Significantly elevated incidence of all myeloid disorders reflected excesses of myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (RR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.2, 6.6) and chronic myeloid leukemia (RR = 2.5, 95% CI = 0.8, 11), and increases of all lymphoid disorders included excesses of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (RR = 3.9, 95%CI = 1.5, 13) and all lymphoid leukemia (RR = 5.4, 95%CI = 1.0, 99). The 28-year follow-up of Chinese benzene-exposed workers demonstrated increased risks of a broad range of myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases and suggested possible associations with other malignant and non-malignant disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha S Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Song-Nian Yin
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ethel S Gilbert
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Graça M Dores
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hao-Yuan Tian
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Lutzen Portengen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Gui-Lan Li
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Blair A, Hines C, Thomas K, Alavanja M, Beane Freeman L, Hoppin J, Kamel F, Lynch C, Lubin J, Silverman D, Whelan E, Zahm SH, Sandler DP. Investing in prospective cohorts for etiologic study of occupational exposures. Am J Ind Med 2015; 58:113-22. [PMID: 25603935 PMCID: PMC4516175 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prospective cohorts have played a major role in understanding the contribution of diet, physical activity, medical conditions, and genes to the development of many diseases, but have not been widely used for occupational exposures. Studies in agriculture are an exception. We draw upon our experience using this design to study agricultural workers to identify conditions that might foster use of prospective cohorts to study other occupational settings. Prospective cohort studies are perceived by many as the strongest epidemiologic design. It allows updating of information on exposure and other factors, collection of biologic samples before disease diagnosis for biomarker studies, assessment of effect modification by genes, lifestyle, and other occupational exposures, and evaluation of a wide range of health outcomes. Increased use of prospective cohorts would be beneficial in identifying hazardous exposures in the workplace. Occupational epidemiologists should seek opportunities to initiate prospective cohorts to investigate high priority, occupational exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Blair
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - C.J. Hines
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - K.W. Thomas
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, North Carolina
| | - M.C.R. Alavanja
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - L.E. Beane Freeman
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - J.A. Hoppin
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - F. Kamel
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, North Carolina
| | - C.F. Lynch
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - J.H. Lubin
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - D.T. Silverman
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - E. Whelan
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - S. H. Zahm
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - D. P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
The proportion of cancer attributable to occupational exposures. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 25:188-92. [PMID: 25487971 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the literature on the estimation of the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer due to occupational exposures and to describe challenges in the estimation of this metric. To help illustrate the inherent challenges, we also estimate PAFs for selected cancers diagnosed in the United States in 2010 attributable to work as a painter (causally associated with bladder and lung cancer) and shift work (possibly associated with breast cancer). METHODS We reviewed and summarized previous reports providing quantitative estimates of PAF for total cancer due to occupational exposures. We calculated PAF estimates for painters and shift work using methodology from a detailed investigation of the occupational cancer burden in Great Britain, with adaptations made for the US population. RESULTS The estimated occupation-attributable fraction for total cancer generally ranged between 2% and 8% (men, 3%-14%; women, 1%-2%) based on previous reports. We calculated that employment as a painter accounted for a very small proportion of cancers of the bladder and lung diagnosed in the United States in 2010, with PAFs of 0.5% for each site. In contrast, our calculations suggest that the potential impact of shift work on breast cancer (if causal) could be substantial, with a PAF of 5.7%, translating to 11,777 attributable breast cancers. CONCLUSIONS Continued efforts to estimate the occupational cancer burden will be important as scientific evidence and economic trends evolve. Such projects should consider the challenges involved in PAF estimation, which we summarize in this report.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ruano-Ravina A, García-Lavandeira JA, Torres-Durán M, Prini-Guadalupe L, Parente-Lamelas I, Leiro-Fernández V, Montero-Martínez C, González-Barcala FJ, Golpe-Gómez A, Martínez C, Castro-Añón O, Mejuto-Martí MJ, Barros-Dios JM. Leisure time activities related to carcinogen exposure and lung cancer risk in never smokers. A case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 132:33-37. [PMID: 24742725 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We aim to assess the relationship between leisure time activities related to exposure to carcinogenic substances and lung cancer risk in a hospital-based case-control study performed in never smokers. We included never smoking cases with anatomopathologically confirmed lung cancer and never smoking controls undergoing trivial surgery, at 8 Spanish hospitals. The study was conducted between January 2011 and June 2013. Participants were older than 30 and had no previous neoplasms. All were personally interviewed focusing on lifestyle, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, occupational history and leisure time activities (including duration of such activities). Results were analyzed through logistic regression and adjusted also by residential radon and education level. We included 513 never smokers, 191 cases and 322 controls. The OR for those performing the studied leisure time activities was 1.43 (95%CI 0.78-2.61). When we restricted the analysis to those performing do-it-yourself activities for more than 10 years the OR was 2.21 (95%CI 0.93-5.27). Environmental tobacco smoke exposure did not modify this association. The effect for the different lung cancer histological types was very close to significance for adenocarcinoma but only when these activities were performed for more than 10 years. We encourage health professionals to recommend protective measures for those individuals while performing these hobbies to reduce the risk of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ruano-Ravina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Antonio García-Lavandeira
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, A Coruña University Hospital Complex, Coruña, Spain
| | - María Torres-Durán
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Service of Neumology, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luciana Prini-Guadalupe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Golpe-Gómez
- Service of Neumology, Santiago de Compostela University Clinic Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez
- National Institute of Silicosis, University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan Miguel Barros-Dios
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain; Service of Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim B, Yoon JH, Choi BS, Shin YC. Exposure assessment suggests exposure to lung cancer carcinogens in a painter working in an automobile bumper shop. Saf Health Work 2013; 4:216-20. [PMID: 24422178 PMCID: PMC3889078 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 46-year-old man who had worked as a bumper spray painter in an automobile body shop for 15 years developed lung cancer. The patient was a nonsmoker with no family history of lung cancer. To determine whether the cancer was related to his work environment, we assessed the level of exposure to carcinogens during spray painting, sanding, and heat treatment. The results showed that spray painting with yellow paint increased the concentration of hexavalent chromium in the air to as much as 118.33 μg/m(3). Analysis of the paint bulk materials showed that hexavalent chromium was mostly found in the form of lead chromate. Interestingly, strontium chromate was also detected, and the concentration of strontium chromate increased in line with the brightness of the yellow color. Some paints contained about 1% crystalline silica in the form of quartz.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boowook Kim
- Occupational Lung Disease Institute, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- Occupational Lung Disease Institute, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Ansan, Korea
- Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Soon Choi
- Occupational Lung Disease Institute, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Ansan, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Shin
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Spyratos D, Zarogoulidis P, Porpodis K, Tsakiridis K, Machairiotis N, Katsikogiannis N, Kougioumtzi I, Dryllis G, Kallianos A, Rapti A, Li C, Zarogoulidis K. Occupational exposure and lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2013; 5 Suppl 4:S440-5. [PMID: 24102018 PMCID: PMC3791490 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.07.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for male and the second most usual cancer for women after breast cancer. Currently there are available several non-specific cytotoxic agents and several targeted agents for lung cancer therapy. However; early stage diagnosis is still unavailable and several efforts are being made towards this direction. Novel biomarkers are being investigated along with new biopsy techniques. The occupational and environmental exposure to carcinogenic agents is an everyday phenomenon. Therefore until efficient early diagnosis is available, avoidance of exposure to carcinogenic agents is necessary. In the current mini-review occupational and environmental carcinogenic agents will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios Spyratos
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kosmas Tsakiridis
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, “Saint Luke” Private Hospital of Health Excellence, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Machairiotis
- Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Katsikogiannis
- Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioanna Kougioumtzi
- Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgios Dryllis
- Internal Medicine Department (NHS), General Hospital of Syros, Syros, Greece
| | | | - Aggeliki Rapti
- 2nd Pulmonology Clinic, Hospital of Chest Diseases “SOTIRIA”, Athens, Greece
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Automobile Works General Hospital/The fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Abstract
Because tobacco smoking is a potent carcinogen, secondary causes of lung cancer are often diminished in perceived importance. The goal of this review is to describe the occurrence and recent findings of the 27 agents currently listed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as lung carcinogens. The IARC's updated assessments of lung carcinogens provide a long-overdue resource for consensus opinions on the carcinogenic potential of various agents. Supplementary new information, with a focus on analytic epidemiologic studies that has become available since IARC's most recent evaluation, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R William Field
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 105 River Street, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Straif K. Use of meta-analyses by IARC Working Groups. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:A342-A343. [PMID: 23487835 PMCID: PMC3440135 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Straif
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hierarchical regression for multiple comparisons in a case-control study of occupational risks for lung cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38944. [PMID: 22701732 PMCID: PMC3372490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational studies often involve multiple comparisons and therefore suffer from false positive findings. Semi-Bayes adjustment methods have sometimes been used to address this issue. Hierarchical regression is a more general approach, including Semi-Bayes adjustment as a special case, that aims at improving the validity of standard maximum-likelihood estimates in the presence of multiple comparisons by incorporating similarities between the exposures of interest in a second-stage model. Methodology/Principal Findings We re-analysed data from an occupational case-control study of lung cancer, applying hierarchical regression. In the second-stage model, we included the exposure to three known lung carcinogens (asbestos, chromium and silica) for each occupation, under the assumption that occupations entailing similar carcinogenic exposures are associated with similar risks of lung cancer. Hierarchical regression estimates had smaller confidence intervals than maximum-likelihood estimates. The shrinkage toward the null was stronger for extreme, less stable estimates (e.g., “specialised farmers”: maximum-likelihood OR: 3.44, 95%CI 0.90–13.17; hierarchical regression OR: 1.53, 95%CI 0.63–3.68). Unlike Semi-Bayes adjustment toward the global mean, hierarchical regression did not shrink all the ORs towards the null (e.g., “Metal smelting, converting and refining furnacemen”: maximum-likelihood OR: 1.07, Semi-Bayes OR: 1.06, hierarchical regression OR: 1.26). Conclusions/Significance Hierarchical regression could be a valuable tool in occupational studies in which disease risk is estimated for a large amount of occupations when we have information available on the key carcinogenic exposures involved in each occupation. With the constant progress in exposure assessment methods in occupational settings and the availability of Job Exposure Matrices, it should become easier to apply this approach.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kogevinas M, Pearce N. Importance of meta-analyses for evaluating carcinogens. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:A145-A147. [PMID: 22470052 PMCID: PMC3339471 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
|
32
|
|
33
|
Shimizu Y, Matsuzaki S, Mori M, Dobashi K. Chronic exposure to particles caused bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in a patient with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia evaluated by elemental analysis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34:170-3. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.587434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
34
|
Quoix E, Lemarié E. Épidémiologie du cancer bronchique primitif : aspects classiques et nouveautés. Rev Mal Respir 2011; 28:1048-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
35
|
Abstract
Lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) has lately been recognized as a unique disease based on rapidly gained knowledge from genomic changes to treatment responses. The focus of this article is on current knowledge and challenges with regard to LCINS expanded from recent reviews highlighting five areas: (1) distribution of LCINS by temporal trends, geographic regions, and populations; (2) three well-recognized environmental risk factors; (3) other plausible environmental risk factors; (4) prior chronic lung diseases and infectious diseases as risk factors; and (5) lifestyles as risk or protective factors. This article will also bring attention to recently published literature in two pioneering areas: (1) histological characteristics, clinical features with emerging new effective therapies, and social and psychological stigma; and (2) searching for susceptibility genes using integrated genomic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tse LA, Yu IS, Au JSK, Qiu H, Wang XR. Silica dust, diesel exhaust, and painting work are the significant occupational risk factors for lung cancer in nonsmoking Chinese men. Br J Cancer 2010; 104:208-13. [PMID: 21102581 PMCID: PMC3039806 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6606006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Few epidemiological studies have explored the associations between occupational exposures and lung cancer in lifelong nonsmoking men. Methods: We obtained lifetime occupational history and other relevant information for 132 newly diagnosed lung cancer cases among nonsmoking Chinese men and 536 nonsmoking community referents. Unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of lung cancer for specific occupational exposures. Results: Significantly increased lung cancer risk was found for nonsmoking workers occupationally exposed to silica dust (OR=2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11, 6.01), diesel exhaust (OR=3.47, 95% CI: 1.08, 11.14), spray painting (OR=2.81, 95% CI: 1.14, 6.93), and nonspray painting work (OR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.04, 5.37). Silica dust exposure was associated with a significantly increased risk of adenocarcinoma (OR=2.91, 95% CI: 1.10, 7.68). We observed a positive gradient of all lung cancers and of adenocarcinoma with duration of employment for workers exposed to silica dust and spray painting. Conclusion: This study found an increased risk of lung cancer among nonsmoking Chinese men occupationally exposed to silica dust, diesel exhaust, and painting work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Tse
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F School of Public Health, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., HKSAR, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Steinmaus C, Smith AH, Smith MT. Regarding "meta-analysis and causal inference: a case study of benzene and non-Hodgkin lymphoma": an incomplete analysis. Ann Epidemiol 2010; 21:67-9; author reply 70-1. [PMID: 20705482 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|