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de França NR, Ménard HA, Lora M, Zhou Z, Rauch J, Hitchon C, Andrade LEC, Colmegna I. Characterization and use of the ECV304 autoantigenic citrullinome to understand anti-citrullinated protein/peptide autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:23. [PMID: 35027076 PMCID: PMC8756661 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In vivo, ACPAs target peptidyl-citrulline epitopes (cit-) in a variety of proteins (cit-prot-ACPAs) and derived peptides (cit-pept-ACPAs) generated via the peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) isoenzymes. We aimed to identify a cell line with self-citrullination capacity, to describe its autoantigenic citrullinome, and to test it as a source of autocitrullinated proteins and peptides. Methods Human cell lines were screened for cit-proteins by Western blot. PAD isoenzymes were identified by RT-PCR. Autocitrullination of ECV304 was optimized, and the ECV304 autocitrullinomes immunoprecipitated by sera from three RA patients were characterized by mass spectrometry. Cit-pept-ACPAs were detected using anti-CCP2 ELISA and cit-prot-ACPAs, by an auto-cit-prot-ECV304 ELISA. Sera from 177 RA patients, 59 non-RA rheumatic disease patients and 25 non-disease controls were tested. Results Of the seven cell lines studied, only ECV304 simultaneously overexpressed PAD2 and PAD3 and its extracts reproducibly autocitrullinated self and non-self-proteins. Proteomic analysis of the cit-ECV304 products immunoprecipitated by RA sera, identified novel cit-targets: calreticulin, profilin 1, vinculin, new 14–3-3 protein family members, chaperones, and mitochondrial enzymes. The auto-cit-prot-ECV304 ELISA had a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 95% for RA diagnosis. Conclusions ECV304 cells overexpress two of the PAD isoenzymes capable of citrullinating self-proteins. These autocitrullinated cells constitute a basic and clinical research tool that enable the detection of cit-prot-ACPAs with high diagnostic specificity and allow the identification of the specific cit-proteins targeted by individual RA sera. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02698-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Regine de França
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henri André Ménard
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Maximilien Lora
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Zhijie Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Joyce Rauch
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Carol Hitchon
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Inés Colmegna
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Massimini M, Romanucci M, De Maria R, Della Salda L. An Update on Molecular Pathways Regulating Vasculogenic Mimicry in Human Osteosarcoma and Their Role in Canine Oncology. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:722432. [PMID: 34631854 PMCID: PMC8494780 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.722432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine tumors are valuable comparative models for human counterparts, especially to explore novel biomarkers and to understand pathways and processes involved in metastasis. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a unique property of malignant cancer cells which promote metastasis. Thus, it represents an opportunity to investigate both the molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic targets of a crucial phenotypic malignant switch. Although this biological process has been largely investigated in different human cancer types, including osteosarcoma, it is still largely unknown in veterinary pathology, where it has been mainly explored in canine mammary tumors. The presence of VM in human osteosarcoma is associated with poor clinical outcome, reduced patient survival, and increased risk of metastasis and it shares the main pathways involved in other type of human tumors. This review illustrates the main findings concerning the VM process in human osteosarcoma, search for the related current knowledge in canine pathology and oncology, and potential involvement of multiple pathways in VM formation, in order to provide a basis for future investigations on VM in canine tumors.
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Djawad YA, Kiely J, Luxton R. Classification of the mechanism of toxicity as applied to human cell line ECV304. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 24:933-944. [PMID: 33356573 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1861255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the pattern of cytotoxicity testing of the human cell line ECV304 using three techniques of an ensemble learning algorithm (bagging, boosting and stacking). The study of cell morphology of ECV304 cell line was conducted using impedimetric measurement. Three types of toxins were applied to the ECV304 cell line namely 1 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 5% dimethyl sulfoxide and 10 μg Saponin. The measurement was conducted using electrodes and lock-in amplifier to detect impedance changes during cytotoxicity testing within a frequency range 200 and 830 kHz. The results were analysed, processed and extracted using detrended fluctuation analysis to obtain characteristics and features of the cells when exposed to the each of the toxins. Three ensemble algorithms applied showed slightly different results on the performance for classifying the data set from the feature extraction that was performed. However, the results show that the cell reaction to the toxins could be classified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Abd Djawad
- Department of Electronics, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
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Abstract
Knowledge about the transport of active compounds across the blood-brain barrier is of essential importance for drug development. Systemically applied drugs for the central nervous system (CNS) must be able to cross the blood-brain barrier in order to reach their target sites, whereas drugs that are supposed to act in the periphery should not permeate the blood-brain barrier so that they do not trigger any adverse central adverse effects. A number of approaches have been pursued, and manifold in silico, in vitro, and in vivo animal models were developed in order to be able to make a better prediction for humans about the possible penetration of active substances into the CNS. In this particular case, however, in vitro models play a special role, since the data basis for in silico models is usually in need of improvement, and the predictive power of in vivo animal models has to be checked for possible species differences. The blood-brain barrier is a dynamic, highly selective barrier formed by brain capillary endothelial cells. One of its main tasks is the maintenance of homeostasis in the CNS. The function of the barrier is regulated by cells of the microenvironment and the shear stress mediated by the blood flow, which makes the model development most complex. In general, one could follow the credo "as easy as possible, as complex as necessary" for the usage of in vitro BBB models for drug development. In addition to the description of the classical cell culture models (transwell, hollow fiber) and guidance how to apply them, the latest developments (spheroids, microfluidic models) will be introduced in this chapter, as it is attempted to get more in vivo-like and to be applicable for high-throughput usage with these models. Moreover, details about the development of models based on stem cells derived from different sources with a special focus on human induced pluripotent stem cells are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Neuhaus
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center Health and Bioresources, AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
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Expression and Characterization of Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Produced in SiHa Cells Transduced with Adenoviral Vector. Protein J 2019; 38:693-703. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-019-09867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 Modulates Endothelial Cell Functions by NADPH Oxidase-Dependent VEGFR2 Transactivation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2609847. [PMID: 29743977 PMCID: PMC5884202 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2609847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the vasculature, NADPH oxidase is the main contributor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which play a key role in endothelial signalling and functions. We demonstrate that ECV304 cells express p47phox, p67phox, and p22phox subunits of NADPH oxidase, as well as formyl peptide receptors 1 and 3 (FPR1/3), which are members of the GPCR family. By RT-PCR, we also detected Flt-1 and Flk-1/KDR in these cells. Stimulation of FPR1 by N-fMLP induces p47phox phosphorylation, which is the crucial event for NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production. Transphosphorylation of RTKs by GPCRs is a biological mechanism through which the information exchange is amplified throughout the cell. ROS act as signalling intermediates in the transactivation mechanism. We show that N-fMLP stimulation induces the phosphorylation of cytosolic Y951, Y996, and Y1175 residues of VEGFR2, which constitute the anchoring sites for signalling molecules. These, in turn, activate PI3K/Akt and PLC-γ1/PKC intracellular pathways. FPR1-induced ROS production plays a critical role in this cross-talk mechanism. In fact, inhibition of FPR1 and/or NADPH oxidase functions prevents VEGFR2 transactivation and the triggering of the downstream signalling cascades. N-fMLP stimulation also ameliorates cellular migration and capillary-like network formation ability of ECV304 cells.
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A Combination of Species Identification and STR Profiling Identifies Cross-contaminated Cells from 482 Human Tumor Cell Lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9774. [PMID: 28851942 PMCID: PMC5575032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tumor cell lines are extremely important tools for cancer research, but a significant percentage is cross-contaminated with other cells. Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is the prevailing standard for authenticating cell lines that originate from human tissues. Based on the analysis of 482 different human tumor cell lines used in China by STR, up to 96 cell lines were misidentified. More importantly, the study has found that STR profiling alone is insufficient to exclude inter-species cross-contamination of human cell lines. Among the 386 cell lines which had a correct STR profile, 3 of them were inter-species cross-contaminated. Careful microscopic examination may be helpful in some cases to detect changes in morphology but additional testing is needed. Additionally, species verification by PCR could easily identify the contaminants, even with a low percentage of contaminating cells. Combining STR profiling with species identification by PCR, more than 20.5% (99/482) of tumor cell lines were revealed as having been incorrectly identified, including intra-species (14.5%), inter-species (4.4%) cross-contamination and contaminating cell lines (1.7%). Therefore, quality control of cell lines is a systemic issue. Each cell line should undergo a full QA (Quality Assurance) assessment before it is used for research.
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Višnjar T, Jerman UD, Veranič P, Kreft ME. Chitosan hydrochloride has no detrimental effect on bladder urothelial cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 44:403-413. [PMID: 28807631 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is among the most common and aggressive human malignant carcinomas, thus targeting and removal of bladder cancer cells is still a challenge. Although it is well known that chitosan hydrochloride (CH-HCl) causes desquamation of normal urothelial cells, its effect on cancer urothelial cells has not been recognized yet. In this in vitro study, we analyzed the cytotoxicity of 0.05% CH-HCl on three urothelial models: two cancer urothelial models, i.e. invasive and papillary urothelial neoplasms, and a normal urothelial model. The cytotoxicity of CH-HCl was evaluated with viability tests, transepithelial resistance (TER) measurements, and electron microscopy. TER measurements showed that 15-minute treatment with CH-HCl caused no reduction in TER of the cancer models, whereas the TER of the normal urothelial model significantly decreased. Furthermore, after CH-HCl treatment, the viability of cancer cells was reduced by only 5%, whereas the viability of normal cells was reduced by 30%. Ultrastructural analysis revealed necrotic cell death in all cases. We have demonstrated that although CH-HCl increases the mortality of cancer urothelial cells, it increases the mortality of normal urothelial cells even more so. However, shorter 2-minute CH-HCl treatment only temporarily increases the permeability of normal urothelial model, i.e. disrupts tight junctions and reduces TER without comprising cell viability, and enables the complete recovery of the permeability barrier after 24h. Overall, our results suggest that CH-HCl cannot be used as a self-sufficient anticancer agent for urothelial bladder cancer treatment; nevertheless a possibility of its use as an enhancer of cytostatic treatment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Višnjar
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Dragin Jerman
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Zamorano P, Marín N, Córdova F, Aguilar A, Meininger C, Boric MP, Golenhofen N, Contreras JE, Sarmiento J, Durán WN, Sánchez FA. S-nitrosylation of VASP at cysteine 64 mediates the inflammation-stimulated increase in microvascular permeability. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H66-H71. [PMID: 28526707 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00135.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that platelet-activating factor (PAF) induces S-nitrosylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) as a mechanism to reduce microvascular endothelial barrier integrity and stimulate hyperpermeability. PAF elevated S-nitrosylation of VASP above baseline levels in different endothelial cells and caused hyperpermeability. To ascertain the importance of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) subcellular location in this process, we used ECV-304 cells transfected with cytosolic eNOS (GFPeNOSG2A) and plasma membrane eNOS (GFPeNOSCAAX). PAF induced S-nitrosylation of VASP in cells with cytosolic eNOS but not in cells wherein eNOS is anchored to the cell membrane. Reconstitution of VASP knockout myocardial endothelial cells with cysteine mutants of VASP demonstrated that S-nitrosylation of cysteine 64 is associated with PAF-induced hyperpermeability. We propose that regulation of VASP contributes to endothelial cell barrier integrity and to the onset of hyperpermeability. S-nitrosylation of VASP inhibits its function in barrier integrity and leads to endothelial monolayer hyperpermeability in response to PAF, a representative proinflammatory agonist.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we demonstrate that S-nitrosylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) on C64 is a mechanism for the onset of platelet-activating factor-induced hyperpermeability. Our results reveal a dual role of VASP in endothelial permeability. In addition to its well-documented function in barrier integrity, we show that S-nitrosylation of VASP contributes to the onset of endothelial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Zamorano
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalie Marín
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco Córdova
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandra Aguilar
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cynthia Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Mauricio P Boric
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nikola Golenhofen
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; and
| | - Jorge E Contreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - José Sarmiento
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Walter N Durán
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Fabiola A Sánchez
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile;
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Barui AK, Nethi SK, Patra CR. Investigation of the role of nitric oxide driven angiogenesis by zinc oxide nanoflowers. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3391-3403. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03323g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoflowers (ZONF) induce the generation of intracellular ROS that stimulates the phosphorylation of Akt and p38MAPK leading to activation of eNOS to produce NO, triggering angiogenesis in a cGMP dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Kumar Barui
- Department of Chemical Biology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad – 500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Susheel Kumar Nethi
- Department of Chemical Biology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad – 500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Chitta Ranjan Patra
- Department of Chemical Biology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad – 500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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11
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Nilsen BW, Örtengren U, Simon-Santamaria J, Sørensen KK, Michelsen VB. Methods and terminology used in cell-culture studies of low-dose effects of matrix constituents of polymer resin-based dental materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 124:511-525. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo W. Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Ulf Örtengren
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
- Department of Cariology; Institute of Odontology/Sahlgrenska Academy; Göteborg Sweden
| | | | - Karen K. Sørensen
- Department of Medical Biology; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
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Atasever-Arslan B, Yilancioglu K, Kalkan Z, Timucin AC, Gür H, Isik FB, Deniz E, Erman B, Cetiner S. Screening of new antileukemic agents from essential oils of algae extracts and computational modeling of their interactions with intracellular signaling nodes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 83:120-31. [PMID: 26709080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are very rich in bioactive compounds, minerals, polysaccharides, poly-unsaturated fatty acids and vitamins, and these rich constituents make microalgae an important resource for the discovery of new bioactive compounds with applications in biotechnology. In this study, we studied the antileukemic activity of several chosen microalgae species at the molecular level and assessed their potential for drug development. Here we identified Stichococcus bacillaris, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Microcystis aeruginosa and Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae extracts with possible antileukemic agent potentials. Specifically we studied the effects of these extracts on intracellular signal nodes and apoptotic pathways. We characterized the composition of essential oils of these fifteen different algae extracts using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Finally, to identify potential molecular targets causing the phenotypic changes in leukemic cell lines, we docked a selected group of these essential oils to several key intracellular proteins. According to results of rank score algorithm, five of these essential oils analyzed might be considered as in silico plausible candidates to be used as antileukemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belkis Atasever-Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Kaan Yilancioglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Kalkan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey; Neuroscience Program, Health Sciences Institute, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Can Timucin
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hazal Gür
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Busra Isik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Deniz
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center-SUNUM, Turkey
| | - Batu Erman
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center-SUNUM, Turkey
| | - Selim Cetiner
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhang X, Tang Q, Xu L. Herpes simplex virus 2 infects human endothelial ECV304 cells and induces cell apoptosis synergistically with ox-LDL. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 39:909-17. [PMID: 25421969 DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Virus infection has been shown to accelerate atherosclerosis. Serological studies indicate a link between the Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and atherosclerosis, which is initiated and progression of which is promoted by such factors as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced endothelial dysfunction. In order to recognize the direct role of HSV-2 in endothelial dysfunction, the present study investigated the infection of HSV-2 in endothelial ECV304 cells and the induction of cell apoptosis in the presence of ox-LDL. We firstly examined the HSV-2 infection by immunohistochemical assay for viral gB protein, quantitative PCR for viral ICP4 mRNA, or via virus growth determination. Then we investigated the regulation of HSV-2 infection on the cell viability and apoptosis, in the absence or presence of ox-LDL. In addition, we analyzed the apoptosis-associated molecules in the HSV-2-infected ECV304 cells. The results demonstrated that HSV-2 infected endothelial ECV304 cells and replicated efficiently, and the virus infection significantly reduced the cell viability and significantly induced cell apoptosis; particularly, cell viability reduction and cell apoptosis induction were aggravated by the ox-LDL presence. Moreover, the western blot assay confirmed the apoptosis induction; there was a significantly high level of released cytochrome c, activated caspase 3 and lyzed Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by the activated caspase 3 in the HSV-2-infected ECV304 cells, particularly the cells subject to ox-LDL. Thus, we confirmed that HSV-2 infected endothelial ECV304 cells, induced cell apoptosis, which was aggravated by ox-LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhang
- Health wards, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University
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Ha NY, Sharma P, Kim G, Kim Y, Min CK, Choi MS, Kim IS, Cho NH. Immunization with an autotransporter protein of Orientia tsutsugamushi provides protective immunity against scrub typhus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003585. [PMID: 25768004 PMCID: PMC4359152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scrub typhus is an acute febrile disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. Recently, the rapid increase of scrub typhus incidence in several countries within the endemic region has become a serious public health issue. Despite the wide range of preventative approaches that have been attempted in the past 70 years, all have failed to develop an effective prophylactic vaccine. Currently, the selection of the proper antigens is one of the critical barriers to generating cross-protective immunity against antigenically-variable strains of O. tsutsugamushi. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We examined the potential role of ScaA protein, an autotransporter protein of O. tsutsugamushi, in bacterial pathogenesis and evaluated the protective attributes of ScaA immunization in lethal O. tsutsugamushi infection in mice. Our findings demonstrate that ScaA functions as a bacterial adhesion factor, and anti-ScaA antibody significantly neutralizes bacterial infection of host cells. In addition, immunization with ScaA not only provides protective immunity against lethal challenges with the homologous strain, but also confers significant protection against heterologous strains when combined with TSA56, a major outer membrane protein of O. tsutsugamushi. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Immunization of ScaA proteins provides protective immunity in mice when challenged with the homologous strain and significantly enhanced protective immunity against infection with heterologous strains. To our knowledge, this is the most promising result of scrub typhus vaccination trials against infection of heterologous strains in mouse models thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Young Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Prashant Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwanghun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Ki Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sik Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Sang Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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New Insights into Antimetastatic and Antiangiogenic Effects of Cannabinoids. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 314:43-116. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Min CK, Kwon YJ, Ha NY, Cho BA, Kim JM, Kwon EK, Kim YS, Choi MS, Kim IS, Cho NH. Multiple Orientia tsutsugamushi ankyrin repeat proteins interact with SCF1 ubiquitin ligase complex and eukaryotic elongation factor 1 α. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105652. [PMID: 25166298 PMCID: PMC4148323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, is an obligate intracellular bacterium. Previously, a large number of genes that encode proteins containing eukaryotic protein-protein interaction motifs such as ankyrin-repeat (Ank) domains were identified in the O. tsutsugamushi genome. However, little is known about the Ank protein function in O. tsutsugamushi. Methodology/Principal Findings To characterize the function of Ank proteins, we investigated a group of Ank proteins containing an F-box–like domain in the C-terminus in addition to the Ank domains. All nine selected ank genes were expressed at the transcriptional level in host cells infected with O. tsutsugamushi, and specific antibody responses against three Ank proteins were detected in the serum from human patients, indicating an active expression of the bacterial Ank proteins post infection. When ectopically expressed in HeLa cells, the Ank proteins of O. tsutsugamushi were consistently found in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm. In GST pull-down assays, multiple Ank proteins specifically interacted with Cullin1 and Skp1, core components of the SCF1 ubiquitin ligase complex, as well as the eukaryotic elongation factor 1 α (EF1α). Moreover, one Ank protein co-localized with the identified host targets and induced downregulation of EF1α potentially via enhanced ubiquitination. The downregulation of EF1α was observed consistently in diverse host cell types infected with O. tsutsugamushi. Conclusion/Significance These results suggest that conserved targeting and subsequent degradation of EF1α by multiple O. tsutsugamushi Ank proteins could be a novel bacterial strategy for replication and/or pathogenesis during mammalian host infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Ki Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Jin Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-A Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo-Min Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sik Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Sang Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center and Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Liverani E, Paul C. Glucocorticoids alter adrenomedullin receptor expression and secretion in endothelial-like cells and astrocytes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2715-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lutgendorf MA, Ippolito DL, Mesngon MT, Tinnemore D, Dehart MJ, Dolinsky BM, Napolitano PG. Effect of dexamethasone administered with magnesium sulfate on inflammation-mediated degradation of the blood-brain barrier using an in vitro model. Reprod Sci 2013; 21:483-91. [PMID: 24077438 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113503410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients at risk for preterm delivery are frequently administered both antenatal steroids for fetal maturation and magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection. In this study, we investigate whether steroids coadministered with magnesium sulfate preserve blood-brain barrier integrity in neuroinflammation. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were grown in astroglial conditioned media in a 2-chamber cell culture apparatus. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or catalytically active recombinant matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) simulated neuroinflammation. Membrane integrity was assessed by zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) immunoreactivity, permeability to fluorescently conjugated dextran, and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). The TNF-α and MMP-9 treatment increased the rate of dextran transit, decreased TEER, and decreased ZO-1 immunoreactivity at junctional interfaces. Dexamethasone pretreatment alone or in combination with 0.5 mmol/L magnesium sulfate preserved monolayer integrity after inflammatory insult. Magnesium sulfate alone was not protective. This study supports a possible interaction between steroids and magnesium in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Lutgendorf
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
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Wang Z, Perez M, Caja S, Melino G, Johnson TS, Lindfors K, Griffin M. A novel extracellular role for tissue transglutaminase in matrix-bound VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e808. [PMID: 24052076 PMCID: PMC3789176 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The importance of tissue transglutaminase (TG2) in angiogenesis is unclear and contradictory. Here we show that inhibition of extracellular TG2 protein crosslinking or downregulation of TG2 expression leads to inhibition of angiogenesis in cell culture, the aorta ring assay and in vivo models. In a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) co-culture model, inhibition of extracellular TG2 activity can halt the progression of angiogenesis, even when introduced after tubule formation has commenced and after addition of excess vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In both cases, this leads to a significant reduction in tubule branching. Knockdown of TG2 by short hairpin (shRNA) results in inhibition of HUVEC migration and tubule formation, which can be restored by add back of wt TG2, but not by the transamidation-defective but GTP-binding mutant W241A. TG2 inhibition results in inhibition of fibronectin deposition in HUVEC monocultures with a parallel reduction in matrix-bound VEGFA, leading to a reduction in phosphorylated VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) at Tyr1214 and its downstream effectors Akt and ERK1/2, and importantly its association with β1 integrin. We propose a mechanism for the involvement of matrix-bound VEGFA in angiogenesis that is dependent on extracellular TG2-related activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK
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20
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Durán WN, Beuve AV, Sánchez FA. Nitric oxide, S-nitrosation, and endothelial permeability. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:819-26. [PMID: 24078390 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
S-Nitrosation is rapidly emerging as a regulatory mechanism in vascular biology, with particular importance in the onset of hyperpermeability induced by pro-inflammatory agents. This review focuses on the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) in regulating S-Nitrosation of adherens junction proteins. We discuss evidence for translocation of eNOS, via caveolae, to the cytosol and analyze the significance of eNOS location for S-Nitrosation and onset of endothelial hyperpermeability to macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter N Durán
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07101-1709, U.S.A
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Giusti B, Margheri F, Rossi L, Lapini I, Magi A, Serratì S, Chillà A, Laurenzana A, Magnelli L, Calorini L, Bianchini F, Fibbi G, Abbate R, Rosso MD. Desmoglein-2-integrin Beta-8 interaction regulates actin assembly in endothelial cells: deregulation in systemic sclerosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68117. [PMID: 23874518 PMCID: PMC3708925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The inability of endothelial cells of patients affected by the diffuse form of Systemic sclerosis (SSc) to perform angiogenesis is a marker of the disease. We previously demonstrated that desmoglein-2 reduction is a major difference between (SSc)-microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) and normal (N)-MVECs. Here we investigated the role of desmoglein-2 in human N-MVECs and SSc-MVECs angiogenesis. Methodology/principal findings Angiogenesis was studied by Matrigel invasion, capillary morphogenesis in vitro and Matrigel plug assay in vivo. Gene profiling was studied by Affymetrix technology and signal transduction by Western blotting. Colocalization was validated by immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. SiRNAs were used to validate the roles of specific molecules. We observed that desmoglein-2 co-localizes with integrin-beta8 in N-MVECs. This complex is required to signal through Rac, FAK, SMAD1/5 and MAP-kinases, promoting an angiogenic program. Inhibition of desmoglein-2 by DSG2-siRNA impaired actin stress fibres formation, capillary morphogenesis in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Transcriptome profiling after DSG2 inhibition revealed alterations of several genes involved in actin organization. siRNA inhibition of integrin-beta8 and RAC2 also resulted into capillary morphogenesis impairment in N-MVECs, due to reduced expression of the same actin-assembly genes that were down-regulated by DSG2 silencing. SSc-MVECs showed down-regulation of the same genes in DSG2-siRNA treated N-MVECs, suggesting that impairment of desmoglein-2/integrin-beta8 complex contributes to angiogenesis derangement in SSc. Transfection of DSG2 in SSc-MVEC partially restored their angiogenic properties in vitro. Conclusions/significance We have shown that impairment of actin assembly as a result of desmoglein-2/integrin-beta8 complex formation is a major factor contributing to angiogenesis deregulation in Systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betti Giusti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Margheri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Luciana Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lapini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Magi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Serratì
- National Cancer Research Centre “Giovanni Paolo II,” Department of Clinical and Neoplastic Experimental Oncology, Haematology Unit, Advanced Cellular Therapy Centre, Bari, Italy
| | - Anastasia Chillà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Laurenzana
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Magnelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Lido Calorini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fibbi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail: (MDR); GF
| | - Rosanna Abbate
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail: (MDR); GF
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Abstract
Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, is an obligate intracellular pathogen. After entry into host cells, the bacterium rapidly escapes from the endosomal pathway and replicates in the cytosol of eukaryotic host cells. Here we show that O. tsutsugamushi infection efficiently promotes cellular autophagy, a cell-autonomous defense mechanism of innate immunity. However, most of the internalized bacteria barely colocalized with the induced autophagosomes, even when stimulated with rapamycin, a chemical inducer of autophagy. Treatment of infected cells with tetracycline suppressed bacterial evasion from autophagy and facilitated O. tsutsugamushi targeting to autophagosomes, suggesting that the intracellular pathogen may be equipped with a bacterial factor or factors that block autophagic recognition. Finally, we also found that chemical modulators of cellular autophagy or genetic knockout of the atg3 gene does not significantly affect the intracellular growth of O. tsutsugamushi in vitro. These results suggest that O. tsutsugamushi has evolved to block autophagic microbicidal defense by evading autophagic recognition even though it activates the autophagy pathway during the early phase of infection.
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Bao L, Odell AF, Stephen SL, Wheatcroft SB, Walker JH, Ponnambalam S. The S100A6 calcium-binding protein regulates endothelial cell-cycle progression and senescence. FEBS J 2012; 279:4576-88. [PMID: 23095053 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells regulate many aspects of vascular physiology, including vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. The S100 family of calcium-binding proteins regulates many aspects of cell function but their roles in vascular physiology are less well understood. Herein, we investigated the expression and function of S100-related family members in endothelial cells. Analysis of total endothelial mRNAs using a human gene chip array revealed significant gene expression of the S100 calcium-binding protein family members S100A6, S100A10, S100A11 and S100A13. We then examined the expression and functional properties of the major S100 family member, S100A6, in vascular endothelial cells. Comparison of primary and transformed human cells revealed significant differences in S100A6 protein levels in these cells. In primary human endothelial cells, S100A6 was present in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. To assess the function of endothelial S100A6, we depleted protein levels using RNA interference and this caused increased cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase under different conditions. S100A6 depletion caused a decrease in both cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and phospho-CDK1 levels, which are essential for eukaryote cell-cycle progression. S100A6 depletion also decreased expression of CDK1, cyclin A1 (CCNA1) and cyclin B (CCNB1) genes with effects on cell-cycle progression. Depletion of endothelial S100A6 levels also elevated β-galactosidase expression, which is an important hallmark of cellular senescence and exit from the mammalian cell cycle. We thus propose that S100A6 has an important role in regulating endothelial commitment to, and progression through, the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Bao
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, UK
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Reimer J, Bien S, Ameling S, Hammer E, Völker U, Hempel G, Boos J, Kroemer HK, Ritter CA. Antineoplastic agent busulfan regulates a network of genes related to coagulation and fibrinolysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 68:923-35. [PMID: 22286157 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-011-1209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD) is one of the major complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although high-dose busulfan is associated with the development of HVOD, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown.Methods Transcriptional gene regulation by busulfan was profiled using Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of regulated genes was assessed by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and protein expression and secretion was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)in cell supernatants, lysates, and patient plasma.Results Plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI)-1 significantly increased 48 h after starting busulfan treatment IV in children preconditioned for HSCT. In vitro,busulfan significantly induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in endothelium-like ECV304 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Comparative transcriptional profiling of busulfan-treated and control ECV304 cells identified differential expression of genes related to coagulation and fibrinolysis, including tissue factor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor-1, protein S, thrombospondin-1, urokinase receptor, and PAI-1, as well as activin A and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) suggested TGF-β1 as a central modulator of gene regulation by busulfan. Consequently, expression of tissue factor, urokinase receptor, and PAI-1 mRNA and PAI-1 protein secretion induced by busulfan were significantly reduced by the activin A/TGF-β1 inhibitor SB 431542 in ECV304 and primary endothelial cells.Conclusions This is the first report that directly relates busulfan exposure to antifibrinolytic activity by PAI-1 and hypercoagulation possibly mediated by members of the TGF-β1 family. This suggests further research to evaluate activin A and TGF-β1 as potential targets for HVOD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Reimer
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics,Department of Pharmacology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universityof Greifswald,Greifswald, Germany
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Zhi T, Yanhong L, Rui L, Jian S, Jinping L, Junzhu W. Trans fatty acids influence the oxidation of LDL in ECV304 cells. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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The role of TG2 in ECV304-related vasculogenic mimicry. Amino Acids 2012; 44:89-101. [PMID: 22231926 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumour vasculogenesis can occur by a process referred to as vasculogenic mimicry, whereby the vascular structures are derived from the tumour itself. These tumours are highly aggressive and do not respond well to anti-angiogenic therapy. Here, we use the well characterised ECV304 cell line, now known as the bladder cancer epithelial cell line T24/83 which shows both epithelial and endothelial characteristics, as a model of in vitro vasculogenic mimicry. Using optimised ratios of co-cultures of ECV304 and C378 human fibroblasts, tubular structures were identifiable after 8 days. The tubular structures showed high levels of TG2 antigen and TG in situ activity. Tubular structures and in situ activity could be blocked either by site-directed irreversible inhibitors of TG2 or by silencing the ECV304 TG2 by antisense transfection. In situ activity for TG2 showed co-localisation with both fibronectin and collagen IV. Deposition of these proteins into the extracellular matrix could be reduced by inclusion of non-cell penetrating TG inhibitors when analysed by Western blotting suggesting that the contribution of TG2 to tube formation is extracellular. Incubation of ECV304 cells with these same irreversible inhibitors reduced cell migration which paralleled a loss in focal adhesion assembly, actin cytoskeleton formation and fibronectin deposition. TG2 appears essential for ECV304 tube formation, thus representing a potential novel therapeutic target in the inhibition of vasculogenic mimicry.
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Gliovascular and cytokine interactions modulate brain endothelial barrier in vitro. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:162. [PMID: 22112345 PMCID: PMC3248576 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The glio-vascular unit (G-unit) plays a prominent role in maintaining homeostasis of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and disturbances in cells forming this unit may seriously dysregulate BBB. The direct and indirect effects of cytokines on cellular components of the BBB are not yet unclear. The present study compares the effects of cytokines and cytokine-treated astrocytes on brain endothelial barrier. 3-dimensional transwell co-cultures of brain endothelium and related-barrier forming cells with astrocytes were used to investigate gliovascular barrier responses to cytokines during pathological stresses. Gliovascular barrier was measured using trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER), a sensitive index of in vitro barrier integrity. We found that neither TNF-α, IL-1β or IFN-γ directly reduced barrier in human or mouse brain endothelial cells or ECV-304 barrier (independent of cell viability/metabolism), but found that astrocyte exposure to cytokines in co-culture significantly reduced endothelial (and ECV-304) barrier. These results indicate that the barrier established by human and mouse brain endothelial cells (and other cells) may respond positively to cytokines alone, but that during pathological conditions, cytokines dysregulate the barrier forming cells indirectly through astrocyte activation involving reorganization of junctions, matrix, focal adhesion or release of barrier modulating factors (e.g. oxidants, MMPs).
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Nakhlband A, Omidi Y. Barrier functionality of porcine and bovine brain capillary endothelial cells. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2011; 1:153-9. [PMID: 23678421 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2011.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, isolated cell based blood-brain barrier (BBB) models have been widely used for brain drug delivery and targeting, due to their relatively proper bioelectrical and permeability properties. However, primary cultures of brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) isolated from different species vary in terms of bioelectrical and permeability properties. METHODS To pursue this, in the current investigation, primary porcine and bovine BCECs (PBCECs and BBCECs, respectively) were isolated and used as an in vitro BBB model. The bioelectrical and permeability properties were assessed in BCECs co-cultured with C6 cells with/without hydrocortisone (550 nM). The bioelectrical properties were further validated by means of the permeability coefficients of transcellular and paracellular markers. RESULTS The primary PBCECs displayed significantly higher trans-endothelial electrical resistance (~900 Ω.cm(2)) than BBCECs (~700 Ω.cm(2)) - both cocultured with C6 cells in presence of hydrocortisone. Permeability coefficients of propranolol/diazepam and mannitol/sucrose in PBCECs were ~21 and ~2 (×10(-6) cm.sec(-1)), where these values for BBCECs were ~25 and ~5 (×10(-6) cm.sec(-1)). CONCLUSION Upon our bioelectrical and permeability findings, both models display discriminative barrier functionality but porcine BCECs seem to provide a better platform than bovine BCECs for drug screening and brain targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailar Nakhlband
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Sánchez FA, Rana R, González FG, Iwahashi T, Durán RG, Fulton DJ, Beuve AV, Kim DD, Durán WN. Functional significance of cytosolic endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS): regulation of hyperpermeability. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30409-30414. [PMID: 21757745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.234294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial NOS (eNOS)-derived NO is a key factor in regulating microvascular permeability. We demonstrated previously that eNOS translocation from the plasma membrane to the cytosol is required for hyperpermeability. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that eNOS activation in the cytosol is necessary for agonist-induced hyperpermeability. To study the fundamental properties of endothelial cell monolayer permeability, we generated ECV-304 cells that stably express cDNA constructs targeting eNOS to the cytosol or plasma membrane. eNOS-transfected ECV-304 cells recapitulate the eNOS translocation and permeability properties of postcapillary venular endothelial cells (Sánchez, F. A., Rana, R., Kim, D. D., Iwahashi, T., Zheng, R., Lal, B. K., Gordon, D. M., Meininger, C. J., and Durán, W. N. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 6849-6853). We used platelet-activating factor (PAF) as a proinflammatory agonist. PAF activated eNOS by increasing phosphorylation of Ser-1177 and inducing dephosphorylation of Thr-495, increasing NO production, and elevating permeability to FITC-dextran 70 in monolayers of cells expressing wild-type and cytosolic eNOS. PAF failed to increase permeability to FITC-dextran 70 in monolayers of cells transfected with eNOS targeted to the plasma membrane. Interestingly, this occurred despite eNOS Ser-1177 phosphorylation and production of comparable amounts of NO. Our results demonstrate that the presence of eNOS in the cytosol is necessary for PAF-induced hyperpermeability. Our data provide new insights into the dynamics of eNOS and eNOS-derived NO in the process of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola A Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709; Instituto de Inmunología, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 511-0566, Chile
| | - Roshniben Rana
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709
| | - Francisco G González
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709
| | - Toru Iwahashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709
| | - Ricardo G Durán
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709
| | - David J Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Health Sciences University-Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Annie V Beuve
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709
| | - David D Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709
| | - Walter N Durán
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709.
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Rojas A, Gonzalez I, Romero J, Figueroa H. Identity crisis--bladder cells in vascular biology. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:999. [PMID: 20096343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Heng BC, Xia Y, Shang X, Preiser PR, Alex Law SK, Boey FYC, Venkatraman SS. Comparison of the adhesion and proliferation characteristics of HUVEC and two endothelial cell lines (CRL 2922 and CRL 2873) on various substrata. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-010-0141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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An autotransporter protein from Orientia tsutsugamushi mediates adherence to nonphagocytic host cells. Infect Immun 2011; 79:1718-27. [PMID: 21282412 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01239-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, is an obligate intracellular pathogen whose mechanism of cellular adhesion and invasion is poorly characterized. Bioinformatic analyses of two O. tsutsugamushi genomes revealed the presence of a group of genes that encode autotransporter proteins. In this study, we identified 10 autotransporter gene products and categorized them into five groups of orthologs (ScaA to ScaE) based on their sequence similarities. Sequence homology was highest between members of ScaC group, suggesting the functional conservation of bacterium-host interactions. ScaC was actively expressed on the surface of O. tsutsugamushi and induced antibody responses in scrub typhus patients. Experiments using microbeads conjugated to recombinant ScaC or a surrogate Escherichia coli expression system showed that ScaC was sufficient to mediate attachment to, but not invasion of, nonphagocytic mammalian cells. In addition, preincubation of host cells with recombinant ScaC significantly inhibited their interaction with O. tsutsugamushi. Finally, fibronectin was identified as a potential receptor for ScaC by using yeast two-hybrid screening, and this was confirmed using a glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown assay. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ScaC is involved in the interaction of O. tsutsugamushi with mammalian host cells and suggest that ScaC may play a critical role in bacterial pathogenesis.
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Xu J, Liu H, Wu Y, Gong X, Zhou Q, Qiao F. Proapoptotic effect of metalloproteinase 9 secreted by trophoblasts on endothelial cells. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2010; 37:187-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang ZY, Zeng FQ, Zhu ZH, Jiang GS, Lv L, Wan F, Dong R, Xiao XY, Xing SA. Evaluation of thymosin β4 in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in urothelial carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2010; 30:167-76. [PMID: 20864366 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the underlying alteration in the expression of epithelial markers involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and elucidate the potential mechanism(s) for Tβ4-induced EMT-like phenotypic changes in bladder cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS All tissue samples in this study were obtained from clinical patients of the Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, and were confirmed by surgery and pathology. Of these, normal bladder tissues (control), primary urothelial carcinoma of different grades (Stage pTa, Stage pT3), bladder paracancerous tissues, accompanied with 2 bladder cancer cell lines (BIU-87 and T24), were divided into 6 groups. Quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical study of adhesion molecules Tβ4, ILK, E-cadherin, and β-catenin involved in EMT were carried out. A lentiviral gene transferring vector containing the RNA polymerase III-dependent U6 promoter to express short hairpin RNA (shRNA) directed against Tβ4 was also applied. In the present study, all agents were evaluated using commercial kits. RESULTS A strong correlation between the expression levels of Tβ4, ILK, E-cadherin, and β-catenin was found in the bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) patients. In the BIU-87 and T24 bladder cancer cells overexpressing Tβ4, which were accompanied by a loss of E-cadherin as well as a cytosolic accumulation of β-catenin, up-regulation of ILK was also revealed. The inhibition of the Tβ4 expression with lentiviral shRNA vector could raise EMT-like phenotypic changes, significantly depressed motility, and subsequent invasiveness of bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results imply that the Tβ4 is likely to play a crucial role in EMT progression, and that inhibition of the Tβ4 expression or interactions with other genes should be novel therapeutic targets for bladder cancers with high invasive and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yu Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Republic of China
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Margheri F, Serratì S, Lapucci A, Chillà A, Bazzichi L, Bombardieri S, Kahaleh B, Calorini L, Bianchini F, Fibbi G, Del Rosso M. Modulation of the angiogenic phenotype of normal and systemic sclerosis endothelial cells by gain-loss of function of pentraxin 3 and matrix metalloproteinase 12. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:2488-98. [PMID: 20506099 DOI: 10.1002/art.27522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown that in systemic sclerosis (SSc) endothelial cells, overproduction of matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP-12) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is associated with defective angiogenesis. This study was undertaken to examine whether overexpression of the relevant molecules could inhibit angiogenesis of normal microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs), and whether silencing of these molecules in SSc MVECs could restore the lost angiogenic properties of the cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Transient transfection of MVECs with human MMP12 and PTX3 was performed by electroporation. Silencing of MMP12 and PTX3 was obtained by treatment with small interfering RNA, and treatment effects were validated by Western blotting with specific antibodies and a fluorimetric assay. In vitro cell migration and capillary morphogenesis were studied on Matrigel substrates. In vivo angiogenesis was studied using a Matrigel sponge assay in mice. RESULTS Transfection of MMP12 and PTX3 in normal MVECs resulted in loss of proliferation, invasion, and capillary morphogenesis in vitro, attributed to truncation of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor by MMP12 and to the anti-fibroblast growth factor 2/anti-vascular endothelial growth factor activity of PTX3. These effects were particularly evident in mixed populations of transfected normal MVECs (50% transfected with MMP12 and 50% with PTX3). Silencing of the same molecules in SSc MVECs increased their invasion in Matrigel. Single-gene silencing did not increase the capillary morphogenesis of SSc MVECs, whereas double-gene-silenced cells showed a burst of capillary tube formation. Culture medium of silenced SSc MVECs stimulated angiogenesis in assays of Matrigel sponge invasion in mice. CONCLUSION Overexpression of either MMP12 or PTX3 in normal MVECs blunts their angiogenic properties. Loss of function of MMP12 and PTX3 in SSc MVECs restores the ability of the cells to produce capillaries in vitro and induces vascularization in vivo on a Matrigel sponge.
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A dynamic ratio of the alpha+ and alpha- isoforms of the tight junction protein ZO-1 is characteristic of Caco-2 cells and correlates with their degree of differentiation. Cell Biol Int 2010; 34:669-78. [PMID: 20345370 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20090067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ZO-1 is a peripheral protein that plays a central role in the macromolecular assembly of tight junctions by interacting with integral proteins (occludin, claudins, JAMs) of the membrane of adjoining cells, with the actin cytoskeleton, and with nuclear factors. Human ZO-1 is expressed in all epithelia and some specialized endothelia as variable amounts of two related isoforms, which originate from the alternatively spliced mRNA transcripts alpha(+) and alpha(-) and whose specific differential role is still unknown. Moreover, little is known about the timing of expression of ZO-1 isoforms at the protein and mRNA level. This study shows that during growth of freshly plated Caco-2 cells, the alpha(+)/alpha(-) ratio increased as a result of simultaneous increase of alpha(+) and decrease of alpha(-). Differences in the isoform ratio also correlated with differences in epithelium differentiation. This was determined by aminopeptidase N measurements of cells grown on conventional substrates and on modified, micro/nano-patterned surfaces. A comparable shift of ZO-1 isoforms was not observed in other tumour cell lines of non-intestinal origin (A549, Calu-3). Pancreatic stem cells, propagated without exogenous differentiation stimuli, displayed a slight, stable prevalence of the alpha(-) isoform. Of the intestinal cell lines examined (Caco-2 and T84), only Caco-2 cells displayed a dramatic shift in isoform expression. This suggests that this tumour cell line retains to a higher degree a developmental programme related to the dynamic of enterocytic differentiation in vivo.
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Rojas A, Gonzalez I, Figueroa H. Calling attention to the use of false "endothelial" cell lines. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:e33; author reply e34. [PMID: 20206926 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Letter to the Editor. Menopause 2010. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181cec235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang RY, Zhao KJ, Tang YQ, Li L. Effect of isoflavone extracts from glycine max on human endothelial cell damage and on nitric oxide production. Menopause 2010; 17:441; author reply 441-2. [PMID: 20125051 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181cec09c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang H, Zhong L. Opposing regulation of histamine-induced calcium signaling by sodium selenite and ebselen via alterations of thiol redox status. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 626:276-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Plattner VE, Germann B, Neuhaus W, Noe CR, Gabor F, Wirth M. Characterization of two blood-brain barrier mimicking cell lines: distribution of lectin-binding sites and perspectives for drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2009; 387:34-41. [PMID: 19963051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study plant lectins with distinct sugar specificities were applied to two blood-brain barrier (BBB) mimicking cell lines, namely human ECV304 and porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells PBMEC/C1-2 in order to elucidate their glycosylation pattern and to evaluate the lectin-cell interaction for lectin-mediated targeting. The bioadhesive properties of fluorescein-labeled lectins were investigated with monolayers as well as single cells using fluorimetry and flow cytometry, followed by confirmation of the specificity of binding. For PBMEC/C1-2 layers highest binding capacity was found for wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), followed by Dolichus biflorus agglutinin (DBA) whereas single cell experiments revealed a predominance of DBA only. Analyzing ECV304 monolayers and single cells, WGA yielded the strongest interaction without any changes during cultivation. The binding capacities of the other lectins increased significantly during differentiation. As similar results to primary cells and brain sections were observed, both cell lines seem to be suitable as models for lectin-interaction studies. Thus, an additional focus was set on the mechanisms involved in uptake and intracellular fate of selected lectins. Cytoinvasion studies were performed with WGA for human ECV304 cells and WGA as well as DBA for PBMEC/C1-2 cells. For both lectins, the association rate to the cells was dependent on temperature which indicated cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Plattner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Neuhaus W, Stessl M, Strizsik E, Bennani-Baiti B, Wirth M, Toegel S, Modha M, Winkler J, Gabor F, Viernstein H, Noe CR. Blood-brain barrier cell line PBMEC/C1-2 possesses functionally active P-glycoprotein. Neurosci Lett 2009; 469:224-8. [PMID: 19963040 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains the homeostasis between the central nervous system and the blood circulation. One of the main efflux transporter proteins at the BBB is P-glycoprotein (P-gP) also known as ABCB1 or MDR1. Due to the important role of P-gP for the transport barrier function of the BBB, the presence and functionality of P-gP was investigated in porcine cell line PBMEC/C1-2. Presence of P-gP was confirmed on the protein level by western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy as well as on the mRNA level by qPCR. Functional assessment was accomplished by an established 96-well uptake assay using Rhodamine 123 and Doxorubicin as P-gP substrates and Verapamil as moderate P-gP inhibitor. In this regard, fluorescence microscopy confirmed a significant higher uptake of Rhodamine 123 into PBMEC/C1-2 cells when preincubated with Verapamil. Finally, knock-down of P-gP by antisense oligonucleotides revealed an increase of Rhodamine 123 uptake indicating decreased P-gP functionality. In summary, the presence and functionality of P-gP in the immortalised cell line PBMEC/C1-2 was proven with several techniques and assays. Thus, this cell line could be used for P-gP studies in the context of BBB relevant issues.
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DE VOS W, JOSS G, HAFFMANS W, HOEBE R, MANDERS E, VAN OOSTVELDT P. Four-dimensional telomere analysis in recordings of living human cells acquired with Controlled Light Exposure Microscopy. J Microsc 2009; 238:254-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alteration of the glycocalyx of two blood-brain barrier mimicking cell lines is inducible by glioma conditioned media. Brain Res 2009; 1279:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Genetic profiling reveals cross-contamination and misidentification of 6 adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines: ACC2, ACC3, ACCM, ACCNS, ACCS and CAC2. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6040. [PMID: 19557180 PMCID: PMC2698276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the second most common malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands. Most patients survive more than 5 years after surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. The 10 year survival rate, however, drops to 40%, due to locoregional recurrences and distant metastases. Improving long-term survival in ACC requires the development of more effective systemic therapies based on a better understanding of the biologic behavior of ACC. Much preclinical research in this field involves the use of cultured cells and, to date, several ACC cell lines have been established. Authentication of these cell lines, however, has not been reported. We performed DNA fingerprint analysis on six ACC cell lines using short tandem repeat (STR) examinations and found that all six cell lines had been contaminated with other cells. ACC2, ACC3, and ACCM were determined to be cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells), whereas the ACCS cell line was composed of T24 urinary bladder cancer cells. ACCNS and CAC2 cells were contaminated with cells derived from non-human mammalian species: the cells labeled ACCNS were mouse cells and the CAC2 cells were rat cells. These observations suggest that future studies using ACC cell lines should include cell line authentication to avoid the use of contaminated or non-human cells.
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Zhang W, Liu JN, Tan XY. Vaccination with xenogeneic tumor endothelial proteins isolated in situ inhibits tumor angiogenesis and spontaneous metastasis. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:124-32. [PMID: 19350628 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor tissues induce the expression of angiogenesis-associated proteins on endothelial surface that can be targeted for tumor immunotherapy. In our study, the rat tumor endothelial proteins (EP) were isolated in situ via biotinylation of tumor vascular endothelial luminal surface followed by streptavidin affinity chromatography. The isolated tumor EP contained numerous up-regulated angiogenesis-associated endothelial proteins. The administration of these tumor EP as a vaccine to mice reduced the microvessel density in subcutaneous primary LLC tumors, delayed spontaneous LLC tumor metastasis and prolonged post-surgery life span. T lymphocytes from tumor EP-vaccinated mice lysed human umbilical vascular endothelial cells, but not tumor cells in vitro, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of antitumor EP antibodies in vivo targeted to tumor endothelium and inhibited spontaneous LLC tumor metastasis. This study provides a successful preclinical exploration of the active immunotherapy for tumor by targeting tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Neuhaus W, Plattner VE, Wirth M, Germann B, Lachmann B, Gabor F, Noe CR. Validation of in vitro cell culture models of the blood-brain barrier: tightness characterization of two promising cell lines. J Pharm Sci 2009; 97:5158-75. [PMID: 18399537 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the course of the validation of blood-brain barrier in vitro models the aim of this work was to characterize two promising continuous cell lines with regard to their tightness properties. PBMEC/C1-2 and ECV304 cells were cultured in several media with different compositions on Transwell inserts. Inducibility and functionality of tightness were investigated by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and by transport studies with transcellular marker diazepam, glycine antagonist Bu101 and paracellular marker APTS-dextran. Inducibility, expression and localization of tight junctional proteins were assessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Presence of factors derived from glioma cell line C6 resulted in increased TEER in both cell lines. Comparison to APTS-dextran data across Caco-2 layers emphasized that correlations between permeability of the paracellular marker and TEER are dependent on each investigated cell line and the corresponding growth medium. Presence and inducibility of tight junctional proteins ZO-1 and Occludin were proven for ECV304 layers. Cell line ECV304 seemed to be suitable for TEER dependent transport studies, whereas PBMEC/C1-2 showed higher potential for P-gP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Neuhaus
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Pharmacy Center, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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