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Kopp L, Garner M, Priest K. Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Rabbit. Top Companion Anim Med 2024; 61:100892. [PMID: 38972503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2024.100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A geriatric Holland Lop rabbit presented for acute lameness. A pathologic fracture of the right distal femur associated with a pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma was diagnosed, and staging radiographs showed no overt metastasis upon initial presentation. The limb was amputated and submitted for microscopic examination. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed the neoplastic cells were positive for desmin and MyoD1, and negative for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, CD204, IBA-1, and SMA. Gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical evaluation confirmed a diagnosis of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient died 396 days after amputation, and a post-mortem examination showed metastatic sarcoma to multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Kopp
- Priest Lake Veterinary Hospital, 2445 Morris Gentry Blvd, Nashville, TN 37013, USA.
| | - Michael Garner
- Northwest ZooPath, 654 West Main Street, Monroe, WA 98272, USA
| | - Kara Priest
- Idexx Laboratories, 1 Idexx Dr, Westbrook, ME 04092, USA
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2
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Gonzales-Viera OA, Clifford DL, Manning S, Rudd JL. Cutaneous Histiocytic Sarcoma with Giant Cells in a Free-ranging Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani). J Wildl Dis 2023; 59:807-810. [PMID: 37490418 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-22-00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
A cutaneous mass in a free-ranging brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani) was composed of neoplastic spindle to polygonal cells with multinucleated giant cells, which were positive for CD204 and negative for smooth muscle actin and desmin. Histiocytic sarcoma with giant cells was diagnosed; this neoplasm has not been reported previously in free-ranging lagomorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Gonzales-Viera
- California Animal Health and Food Safety (CAHFS), Davis Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 620 W Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Deana L Clifford
- Wildlife Health Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1701 Nimbus Road, Rancho Cordova, California 95670, USA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Susan Manning
- Tri County Wildlife Care, PO Box 367, Jackson, California 95642, USA
| | - Jaime L Rudd
- Wildlife Health Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1701 Nimbus Road, Rancho Cordova, California 95670, USA
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Enomoto K, Tsutsumitani C, Asakawa MG. Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of histiocytic sarcoma in a chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera). Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:302-308. [PMID: 34587369 PMCID: PMC8788969 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9‐year‐old intact female chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) was presented to a referring veterinarian due to small, multiple cervical nodules that had been rapidly increasing in size and number. Cytology of the nodules revealed sheets of pleomorphic round cells that were morphologically most compatible with histiocytic sarcoma. Histologically, the nodules were fairly demarcated, partially infiltrative, densely cellular neoplasm, and was composed of pleomorphic large round cells arranged in sheets. Special stains for bacteria (Gram stain and Ziehl–Neelsen stain) and fungi (periodic acid‐Schiff stain) were all negative. On immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells showed strong cytoplasmic positivity for Iba‐1 and CD204, but were negative for CD3 and CD20. Transmission electron microscopy failed to detect Birbeck's granules in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic histiocytes. The chinchilla received chemotherapy with lomustine but died spontaneously on day 62 despite treatment. Autopsy with histopathologic examination revealed disseminated histiocytic sarcoma involving the bone marrow, bronchial lymph nodes, nasal cavity, lung, heart, stomach, pancreas, pancreatic lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and kidney. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in chinchillas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Specialists Emergency Center, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Midori Goto Asakawa
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Specialists Emergency Center, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
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Baum B. Not Just Uterine Adenocarcinoma-Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Masses in Domestic Pet Rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus): A Review. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:890-900. [PMID: 33874811 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211002190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With increasing numbers of pet rabbits living out their natural lifespan, rabbit oncology is stepping more and more into the limelight. On the other hand, rabbit tumors are less covered in recent editions of textbooks of veterinary pathology than before. We present 1238 cases with neoplastic and non-neoplastic masses in rabbit tissue, submitted from 2008 to 2019, supplemented by a review of the literature on neoplasms in rabbits. Cutaneous masses comprised 47% of submissions. Trichoblastoma was by far the most common skin neoplasm, and nodular suppurative panniculitis was the second most frequent skin nodule in this series. Epithelial as well as mesenchymal cutaneous neoplasms can be virally induced in rabbits (eg, Shope papilloma, myxomatosis) but were infrequent in the current cases. Mammary neoplasms comprised 21% of submitted masses and 94% of these had histologic features of malignancy. Tumors of the female reproductive tract were responsible for 9% of biopsies and were predominantly uterine adenocarcinoma. Polypoid proliferation of rectal mucosa was the most common lesion in the alimentary tract. A broad spectrum of other neoplasms was described, including sarcomas at vaccination sites and ocular posttraumatic sarcomas, comparable to lesions described in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Baum
- Vet Med Labor GmbH, Kornwestheim, Germany
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Sirivisoot S, Arya N, Kiupel M, Kaenchan P, Buayam W, Kasantikul T. Disseminated Haemophagocytic Histiocytic Sarcoma in an African Pygmy Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). J Comp Pathol 2021; 182:54-57. [PMID: 33494908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 3-year-old intact male African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) was found dead shortly after clinical onset of screaming, aerophagia and lethargy. On gross examination, the spleen was dark red and friable, and the liver was markedly enlarged with a prominent lobular pattern and multiple white nodules. Histopathological examination of liver and spleen revealed dense infiltrates of highly pleomorphic neoplastic, round to polyhedral cells with overt erythrophagocytosis. Similar neoplastic cells were found in the sinuses of the abdominal lymph nodes and in blood vessels in the heart, lung, brain and kidneys. Immunolabelling for CD204 confirmed the histiocytic origin of the neoplastic cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a disseminated haemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma in a hedgehog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirintra Sirivisoot
- Department of Preclinic and Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nlin Arya
- Department of Preclinic and Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Pemika Kaenchan
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wasana Buayam
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Tanit Kasantikul
- Department of Preclinic and Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
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Makishima R, Kondo H, Shibuya H. Clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies of histiocytic sarcoma in four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris): A retrospective study. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:419-426. [PMID: 33390364 PMCID: PMC8025424 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma was investigated histopathologically and immunohistochemically in 17 four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris), along
with a review of their clinical data. Cases were histopathologically classified into two types: round-polygonal cell type (6 cases) and spindle cell type (11
cases). Round-polygonal cell type was found in visceral organs such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and more, and most cases of this type were consistent with
disseminated histiocytic sarcoma. On the other hand, spindle cell type occurred mainly in skin, and almost all cases were consistent with localized histiocytic
sarcoma. The prognosis of patients with round-polygonal cell type appeared worse than that of spindle cell type. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells of
spindle cell type showed stronger reactivity against human leukocyte antigen-DR than round-polygonal cell type. Neoplastic cells of all cases showed strong
reactivity against ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1) and various reactivities against cluster of differentiation (CD) 204. Regardless of
morphological classification, most tumor cells were negative for CD163, suggesting that this marker is less effective for the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma.
The results of this study suggest that Iba-1 is the most effective marker for histiocytic sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Makishima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0813, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kondo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0813, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shibuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0813, Japan
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Boonsri K, Dechkajorn S, Photichai K, Srivorakul S, Boonsriroj H, Thongtharb A, Pringproa K. Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). J Vet Med Sci 2020; 83:108-111. [PMID: 33229793 PMCID: PMC7870405 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This case study had focused on a male, 7-year-old Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) with a history of biting its tail and the
development of skin masses around its inguinal area, prior to its death. Macroscopically, multiple firm white nodular masses of 0.5–5 cm in diameter were found
in the subcutis of the inguinal area, and in the lungs, spleen and liver. Microscopically, masses in the skin, lungs and spleen were composed of neoplastic
spindle cells admixed with mononuclear cells and multinucleated giant cells. The neoplastic cells were arranged in a sheet pattern. Immunohistochemically, the
neoplastic cells were immunohistochemically positive for vimentin, Iba-1, CD 204 and Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, while the cells were negative for
cytokeratin and smooth muscle actin. Based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical results, disseminated histiocytic sarcoma was diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittikorn Boonsri
- Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | | | - Kornravee Photichai
- Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Saralee Srivorakul
- Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Hassadin Boonsriroj
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakon University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Atigan Thongtharb
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.,Small Animal Hospital, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kidsadagon Pringproa
- Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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Huber B, Leleonnec M. Diagnosis and treatment of hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2020; 6:2055116920957196. [PMID: 33194216 PMCID: PMC7594485 DOI: 10.1177/2055116920957196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 7-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented for
persistent anemia of unknown origin. Splenomegaly was diagnosed through
physical examination and abdominal radiographs, and an abdominal ultrasound
was performed. The ultrasound showed splenomegaly, as well as one discrete
mass in the body of the spleen. A splenectomy was performed and
histopathology along with immunohistochemistry for CD18 and CD204 confirmed
a diagnosis of hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma (HS). Two courses of
lomustine (CCNU) chemotherapy were used in this cat along with adjuvant oral
prednisolone and iron dextran injections, but the cat eventually succumbed
to hepatic failure, presumed to be secondary to metastatic disease. Relevance and novel information The clinical pathology results and ultrasonographic studies performed before
and after treatment in this cat provide useful preliminary information about
the biologic behavior and response to treatment for this rare cancer. This
is also the first reported case where both CD18 and CD204 were strongly
positive, confirming hemophagocytic HS in a cat.
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Bertram CA, Garner MM, Reavill D, Klopfleisch R, Kiupel M. Giant Cell Sarcomas in Domestic Rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Pathol 2020; 57:490-496. [PMID: 32347189 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820921814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) are a prominent histological feature of various mesenchymal neoplasms and are often considered a criterion of malignancy. Mesenchymal neoplasms with MGCs for which the cell lineage is unclear generally are referred to as giant cell sarcomas. Here we characterize the gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of 90 giant cell sarcomas in domestic pet rabbits. Based on the anatomic location and histologic and immunohistochemical findings, 18 cases were classified as histiocytic sarcomas (HS) and 72 cases as anaplastic sarcomas (AS). At postmortem examination, HS was either localized HS (n = 7) always affecting the lungs, or disseminated HS (n = 10) that affected the lungs (n = 10), liver (n = 6), kidneys (n = 4), pleura (n = 2), mediastinum (n = 2), heart (n = 4), skeletal muscle (n = 1), adipose tissue (n = 1), and lymph node (n = 1). Additionally, one cecal biopsy was consistent with HS. Microscopically, HS were characterized by sheets of neoplastic polygonal to round cells that contained single to several, often greatly enlarged nuclei as well as abundant cytoplasm. HS were always positive for CD204 and always negative for SMA and desmin. In contrast, AS arose most commonly from the skin or subcutis (n = 62) and rarely the skeletal muscle (n = 8) or abdominal organs (n = 2). In 29% of extra-abdominal AS, the tumor deeply invaded into surrounding connective tissue, skeletal muscle, tendons, and bone causing pathological fractures. Five of 9 postmortem cases metastasized to various organs often including the lungs. Microscopically, AS were characterized by sheets of spindle or pleomorphic cells admixed with variable numbers of MGCs. Immunohistochemically, AS were always negative for CD204 and often (71%) positive for SMA and/or desmin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Drury Reavill
- Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Citrus Heights, CA, USA
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Machida Y, Michishita M, Yoshimura H, Kato T, Hayama SI, Takahashi K. Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the musk gland and systemic T-cell lymphoma in a masked palm civet (Paguma larvata). J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:975-979. [PMID: 31092741 PMCID: PMC6656805 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 21-year-old male masked palm civet died after 2 months of continuous abdominal distention and poor appetite. Grossly, both musk glands were markedly swelled. Microscopically, round,
polygonal and spindle neoplastic cells proliferated diffusely in the right musk gland and a metastatic focus was observed in the lung. The neoplastic cells had abundant cytoplasm with
faintly eosinophilic inclusions that ultrastructurally corresponded to whorl aggregates of intermediate filaments. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive for vimentin, cytokeratins
and glial fibrillary acidic protein and negative for desmin. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as malignant rhabdoid tumor. Papillary adenoma was seen in the opposite musk
gland. T-cell lymphoma of the lymph nodes, small intestine and liver was considered as the cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Machida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yoshimura
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Wildlife Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hayama
- Department of Wildlife Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kimimasa Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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11
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Iaria C, Atteritano M, Famà F, Scarlata F, Cascio A. Canine pancytopoenia and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:378. [PMID: 29761513 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Iaria
- Infectious Diseases Department, ARNAS Civico, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Atteritano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - F Famà
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - F Scarlata
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - A Cascio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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